7 Modals
In Other Words
Perhaps he is working now.
He may be working now.
I'm sure he hasn't got the letter yet.
He can't have got the letter yet.
I'm sure she understood.
She must have understood.
Shall I help you do your homework?
Would you like me to help you do your
homework?
Was it necessary for you to help her?
Did you need to help her?
It's forbidden to smoke in here.
You mustn't smoke in here.
You aren't allowed to smoke in here.
He is likely to buy a sports car.
It is likely that he will buy a sports car.
He'll probably buy a sports car.
It isn't necessary for him to work today.
He doesn't have to/doesn't need to/needn't
work today.
It wasn't necessary for them to buy so much food.
They needn't have bought so much food. It would be a good idea to avoid eating sweets. You should avoid eating sweets. Let's try doing this exercise. Shall we try doing this exercise? Would you mind if I used your pen? May/Might I use your pen?
Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 Perhaps the bridge collapsed because of the storm.
have       The bridge ...may/might have collapsed... because of the storm.
2 He'll probably come to the party.
likely       He ........................................................................................................................the party.
3 You mustn't photograph any of the paintings.
allowed    You ...................................................................................................any of the paintings.
4 It's forbidden to touch the statues in the museum.
touch      You ............................................................................................................in the museum.
5 I'm sure he didn't cheat in the exam.
cheated   He ...................................................................................................................in the exam.
6 Was it necessary for you to call a doctor?
need       Did .......................................................................................................................a doctor?
7 Shall I carry your shopping for you?
me Would ...........................................................................................your shopping for you?
8 I'm sure Ann didn't do it on purpose.
have      Ann..................................................................................................................on purpose.
9 Might I take some photos?
if Would ..........................................................................................................some photos?
10 Let's go and see "The Blob" tonight.
we Shall...................................................................................................."The Blob" tonight?
11 It isn't necessary for you to do that exercise.
need      You................................................................................................................that exercise.
12 It would be a good idea to eat less high-cholesterol food.
should     You ..................................................................................................high-cholesterol food.
13 It wasn't necessary for him to take a coat but he did.
taken      He ............................................................................................................................a coat.
14 I'm sure Ann spends all her money on clothes.
spend     Ann....................................................................................................................on clothes.
15 Was it necessary for you to say that?
have       Did...............................................................................................................................that?
16 I'm sure he knew what he was doing.
known     He ................................................................................................................he was doing.
17 Perhaps she's busy at the moment.
be She.............................................................................................................at the moment.