G revision: question Iorniation V working out meaning from context P intDrJtion, st/ess cr.c ihythn investors ' QandA GRAMMAR revision; question formation Complete the following questions with one or two question or an auxiliary verb. | 'now do von CarII? 2 you married? 3 _ have you been learning .English? 4 _ do you prefer, small towns or big cities? 5 _ do you go to the theatre a year? 6__ tall are yon? ?___ religion are you? 8 you want to have children? 9 _ of music do you listen to? 10 _ advice do you listen to most? 1L - you ever said *I love you' and not mcanL it? 12 _ did you vote for in the last election? » Cross (X) the questions above which you wouldn't ask a person you don't know very well. Are there any questions which you would not even ask a good friend? Which questions might you expect to find in a magazine interview with a famous person? • Read the two interviews. Which question is. the most personal the most boring the most original. 1 Reiid the i n tcrviews again and write N (Norah) or L (Lionel). Who.,,? 1 never has enough time for what be / she wants to do _ 2 has happy childhood memories _ 3 avoids answering one of the questions _ 4 feels guilty about something _ 5 is probably a fan of the Rolling Stones _ 6 is very proud about something _ 7 says he / she is an insecure person _ S needs help in his / her daily life _ ; In piiirs.lookat questions 8-12 in the LionelItichkinterview. Fiud an example of... 1 a question where an auxiliary verb has been added to make the questK tt 2 a questi«m where there h no auxiliary verb. 3 a question which ends with a preposition. 4 a negative question. 5 a question where the auxiliary verb and subject have been inverted to malar the question. F O p-132 Grammar Bank 1A. Read the rides and do the exercises, Young star, old star Every week the British newspaper. The Guardian, chooses people who have been in the news recently, and publishes a short interview with them called Q&A. The questionnaire often includes quite personal questions. i Where would you lilie to live? Barcelona. ? What do you most dislike about your appearance? I am too short. I am 5ft lin f 155cm). j Who would play you in the film of your life? Maybe Christina Ricci. « Wfaafs your favourite smell? Onion, garlic and butter cooking in a pan. s What's your favourite word? •No'. 6 Which Irving person do you most despise, and why? No comment! j What single thing would improve the quality of your life? Probably a housekeeper, e Who would you invite to your dream dinner party? All my friends and Keith Richards -1 think he'd be great at a dinner party, v Whafs the worst job you've done? A waitressing job where 1 had the breakfast shift It wasn't trie job that was so bad, just the hours, 1 had to go in at fce in the morning, to h* you could go back in time, where would you go? Summer camp in Michigan, aged 14. ii How do you relax? J A hot bath. )2 What keeps you awake at night? 5 Music A song will keep going round in my brain and keep me awake. £ 2 PRONUNCIATION intonation,stress, and rhythm in questions Q&A Lionel Richie Lionel Kichic was bom in Alabama, USA. He Item: famous in the-1971* as lead silver with The Ccmmodorcs ami again in the i9P0s as n solo singer. Ht is rxst remembers for sr-nrs like Thru.- timvs a foäy, All nhjht king, "wl Say you (say me), for which he wan in Oscar. i What's your idea of perfect happiness? Sunday by the pool, no phone oils. z Whafs your earliest memory? My first day at preschool. I was terrified. I'd never seen that many children in my whole life. j Whafs your most treasured possession? My Oscar. 4 If you could edit your past, what would you change? The Commodores never did a farewell tour. We just broke up and disappeared. <- What hits been your most embarrassing moment? Forgetting the lyrics to my new singe on a IV show. a What words or phrases do you mast overuse? Ill call you back' or '111 see you soon', * What's the most important lesson life has taught you? Dont trust the smite, trust the actions. a What don't you like about your personality? I'm an egotistical maniac with an inferiority complex. 9 What makes you depressed? That there are 24 hours in a day and I need 36. »o When did you last cry and why? At the funeral of Milan Williams of The Commodores. n Who would you most like to say sorry to? To my kids for not being there more. \'i What song would you like to be played at your funeral? All night tang and Stevie Wander's / just colled to soy Have you. Using the right intonation or Lone helps you to sound friendly and interested when you speak English. Stressing the eight words in a sentence helps you speak with a good rhythm. Intonation +• stress - the music and rhythm of English. a u Listen to questions 1-8. In which one docs the speaker sounds more friendly and interested? Write a or b. 1_ 2_ 3_ \_ 5_ 6_ 7_ 8_ b t-2 Listen and underline the stressed words in these questions. 1 Wlial's your favourite kind df musk? 5 How long have you been 2 Have you ever been la a health club? 3 How often do you go away at the weekend? 4 Do you know what's on TV tonight? living here? 6 What are you thinking about? 7 Are you a vegetarian? ft What do you do (o relax? c Listen again and repeat the questions in b. Try to sound as friendly as possible. Then ask each other the questions. 3 SPEAKING a Look at the answers other celebrities gave ix> some other questions in The Guardian interview series. In pairs, try to guess what ihe original questions were. La Sagrada Famiiia basilica in Barcelona. When England went out of the World Cup. Nazi's Imhniglia, singer and adrks Danny laies. from the band .Wcfly Martin freeman, actor Paris in the first decade of the 20th century. Going from anywhere back to Copenhagen. Flying, especially since 9 /n. William Boyd, writer Shaznay Le//& singer from Ml Saints b Now choose six questions from the interviews to ask a partner. Only ask questions which you would be comfortable lo answer yourself. IfHHÜ dating a peed speed dating dating .spjied dating speed dating speed dating speed pat Three minutes to get to know the love of your life L READING & VOCABULARY i Do you know what 'speed dating' is? Read the first half of the article to check, or to find out how speed daiing works. Working out meaning from context When you are reading and you find a word or phrase you don't know, try to guess die ineamngfrom the context (the odier words around it). Think also about what part of .speech the unknown word is (e.g. a verb, an adjective! etc.), whether it in similar to another English word you know, or whether it is .similar to a word in your language. It'you still can't work out what the word or phrase means, either ignore JL and carry on reading or use a good dictionary (or glossary if ihere is one} to help you. > Read the first half of the article again carefully. With a partner, say or guess what the highlighted words and phrases- mean. Then check with Glossary 1. ; Using your own words, answer questions 1—4 with a partner, .1 According to the writer, how did people use to get to knew a prospective partner? 2 What kind of peopk is .speed dating designed for? 3 Why does Adele Testani think three minutes is enough? 4 Why do you think that the journalist pretended to be a lawyer? i Now read the second half of the article on page 7 and find out... 1 the advantages of .speed dating (according to the participants). 2 if the journalist 11 links speed dating is a good idea. ; Read the second half of the article again more carefully. With a partner, say or guess what the highlighted words and phrases mean. Glossary 1 prospective partner jomerme who n^glil become your partner in tha future courtship the period of tiu«* whim two pimple have 0 romantic rtlutumsHip Wine they got marriud Mr or Ms Right finlorniaf) iVifi man / woman who would bo the perfect P whim two filings or two pcoplt fit lugt>th«r not your type not the kind of person who yon would normally lDcu or yet uii with In recent years speed dating has become popular all around the world. loutnalis^Anushka Asthana tried it out. Finding a partner has always been a complicated process, it is a ritual which Has evolved aver the centuries; from a man taking food to a prospective partner in the Stone Age to young couples having tea together in Victorian times (under the watchful eye of an unmarried aunt) to dancing in a club to deafening music in the twenty-first century. But now busy men and women who don't have the time for a slow, gentle courtship have a quicker way to find a partner; speed dating, where single people have exactly three minutes to decide if the person they are talking to could be Mr or Ms Right. Hie idea, which started in the USA, involves bringing together people for an evening of frenzied, 'quick-fire' dating. This b how H works. Small tables are placed in a line and the women sit down at the one which has been given to them. They stay at their table all evening. The men take it in turns to sit next to each woman and have a very quick conversation. After three minutes a bell rings and, even if you are in mid-sentence, it is time for the man to move to the next table. If you like the person you have just spoken to, you put a tick in the *yes' box on a storecard, if the other person chooses you as well, this is called a 'match', and the organisers will send you the other person's email address a couple of days later and they will be sent yours too. Three minutes is enough time to talk to someone,' says Adefe Testani, who runs a speed dating company, 'because you can get an idea of what a person is like in that time and you can eliminate them if you see immediately that they're not your type.' Britain's largest ever speed dating evening took place this week at the Hydro Bar in London, so I decided to go along and see what it was all about. I pretended to be a single 24-year-old lawyer... ati kg speed DATINtí speed dating speiid DAT) kg WHEN! ARRIVED at tfc Hydro Bar, the women, who were wearing fashionable dresses and smart suits, were giggling nwoosly as they put on badges with a number on them. 'Maybe my jeans are a bad idea,' I thought. I etatted to other people while we waited. People I spoke to said they had doubled the number of dates they had in a year with just one night of speed dating. The men induced a dief, a banker, a photographer, an engineer, a management consultant, and a novelist. They were just pleased they could stop haung to try to chat up strangers in bars: 'It's so hard to meet girls in London. With speed dating you meet 20 or 3D single gitfa in one night' said one man, You can't talk to girls at salsa classes,' said another. Matt, 28, said, 'After doing this once I got several dates. There's a good atmosphere; it's safe and ifs really good. It's like being at a party with lots of single women.' Then it started. I made eye contact with the girl next to me so we could compare our opinions of the men; we raised our eyebrows for a possibility, exchanged a smile if the man was good-looking, and made a grimace if he made three minutes feel like three hours. I thought it was boring just to ask questions like 'What do you do?' or Where are you from?' so I tried to think of more interesting and imaginative questions to ask, like 'If you could be an animal, what animal would you be and why?' In the end I ticked six boxes. A couple of days later, I was told that four of the men had ticked me too. Four new dates. Not bad in 66 minutes. Glossary 2 l_ j tiuiill pioou of roetitt, plattic or dulli v/iifi words or a design ok it i__ail expression on youi tiisc (Jut shows you are to pMn 3____ laugh In a silly way becou se yon are aniuiiftd or norvuuE 4_ jaovu ule line of hair abo™ your eye upwards 5_ talk tto sbl in a friendly way because yon are attracted in thuui 0__ talk in a Jriunuly, luforuiRl way f Complete Glossary 2 with the correct word or phrase. g Using your own words, answer questions 1-4 with a partner. 1 Why did the journalist feel a hit uncomfortable at first? 2 What land of men went lo this speed dating evening? 3 What kind of s\%m did she make to lhe girl next lo her? What for? 4 What kind of questions did she think worked best? h Do you think speed dating is a good way of meeting people? If yon were looking for a partner, would you try it? What questions would you ask? 5 LISTENING a l-3 Listen to a radio programme about speed dating. A man and a woman who have both tried it talk about their experiences. How successful was it for them? b listen again. Then answer the questions with E (Emily), A (.Alex), or B (both). Who...? 1 preferred to ask normal questions D 2 was asked an unusual question D 3 was asked the same question again and again D 4 ($oi the fewest matches D 5 had a disastrous date because he / she wasn't feeling well D 6 was invited on a date which never took place D 7 had a good date in spite of having had some bad news 8 realized on a date that his / her first impression was wrong |~] 9 says he / she isn't planning to go speed dating again c Does hearing about Emily and Alex's experiences make you feci more or less positive about speed dating? 6 SPEAKING ; reacting and asking for more information When you ask someone a question and they answer, it is normal to show interest, e.g. Re Oh yes?. Yes, me too. Me neither, I know what you mean, or by asking for more information, either with another question, e.g. And what happened then? or simply with a question word, e.g. Why? When?, etc. yiiu arc going to do 'speed questioning' with other people in the class. Before you start, think of* Ave questions to ask. When your teacher says "Start', you have three minutes to talk to the person next to you. Ask and answer each other's questions and ask for more information. "When the teacher says 'Change* stop and go and talk to another student. Which questions were the best foe finding out about other students? G auxiliary verbs; the...the...*- comparatives V personality P using a dictionary to check won! stress, intonation and sentence rhythm ' Do you believe it? READING & SPEAKING Look at the signatures. Can you identify any of the people? .... _| What your Signature says about you Your signature is the part of your handwriting that says the most about your personality It is quite normal for your signature to change during your life, as your signature reflects how you evolve as a person. It is also common to have several signatures, for example a more formal signature (name and surname) wtoen you sign a credit card or passport and an informal signature (just your first name) when you sign a birthday card Your formal signature A signature usually contains either a first name and a surname, otjnitidis and a surname, or, less frequently a first name and initials. Your first name represents yonr private or family self, and your surname represents your public self, how you are socially and at work. If your first name is more prominent in youc signature, this implies that you have positive feelings about yout cMUihood and Luat your 'private' self is more important to you than your 'public' selL If your surname is ttiotc prominent, litis means (hat your 'public' self is more important to you. The uuore space there is between youT name and surname, the more you wish to keep your public and private self separate. If yov use only initials either for your first name or your surname in your Signature, this means that you are more secretive about this part of your personality (your private or public persona). legibility A legible signature, where names can be clearly road, implies that you are a person wilk clear ideas and objectives. The more illegible your signature is, the leas assertive you sve as a person, and the more you tend to avoid conflict. Angle Most signatures .-ire horizontal, rising, or descending. A rising signature means dial you are the kind of person who, when faced with problems, will work to ovomome them. Usually optimistic , you are in control and ambitious . A descending signature means the-* yon have a tendency tn get depressed and give up when faced with problems, and lack self-confidence. Some people's signatures go through a temporary phase where they go down, widen shows that Uiey are going through a hard time or an illness. A horizontal signature suggests an emotionally stable person who is well-balanced and generally satisfied with, the way their lite is going, Sim If your signature is bigger than the Test of the letter or document you have written, that means that you are self-confident and have quite a high opinion of yourself. Some people actually sign in capital letters, which suggests tliey are arrogant rather than self-confident People whose signature is smaller then the rest of the text may be insecure and have low self-esteem. ■ Read the first paragraph of an extract from a book about graphology. On a piece of paper, write the sentence T look forward to hearing from you* and then sign your name under the sentence. Now read the rest of the extract and answer ihc questions. According to the extract; which of the people A-F...? 1 has / had no separation between their public and 4 is / was probably rather arrogant private self, and is / was not very assertive 5 hxps I kept their public and private life separate, is / was 2 Is / was more identified with their public self, ambitious, and has / had positive feelings about their optimistic, and ambitious childhood 3 is / was more identified with their private self, 6 is / was secretive about their private life, and keeps / kept it and without much self confidence very separate from their public life I Try to guess the meaning of the highlighted words and phrases from the context. Check with your dictionary or the teacher. Now look at your partner's piece of paper with his / her signature, and explain what it means. Did you agree with your partner's interpretatioii? Do you think graphology i$ a serious science? Vfliy (not)? 2 VOCABULARY personality a Without looking at the text, how many of the ten highlighted adjectives / phrases can you remember? b O p.M6 Vocabulary Bank Personality. c Add either a suffix or a prefix or both to the bold words to make an adjective that fits ibe sentence. 1 I don't think he's going to get very far. He's totally unambitious ambition 2 You'll haw a lively evening if Jane's coining because she's very__talk 3 You can't trust John to help. He's completely __rely 4 You look very_I lave you had some good news? cheer 5 He's a bit__He said he liked my sister but he obviously doesn't sincere Cy She's not very_. She never has any 4 SPEAKING good id eas. i magine 7 People say he's_. money, honest S She's so_ -You can't trust him with .! She won't give me a hand with my homework, help 3 PRONUNCIATION word stress using a dictionary to check In a dictionary, word stress is shown by an apostrophe before the stressed syllable, e.g. tegm/hr'gmA Some words, especially compound words, have a primary (or main stress) and a secondary stress, e,g. good-looking /.cjod'lokirj/. Secondary stress is shown by a low apostrophe. It is less strong than primary stress. a Use the phonetics to underline the main stressed syllable. 1 arrogant/'a;ragont/ 7 2 asseitive /31 sail iv/ 8 3 bad-tempered /.bffid'tempadV 9 4 creative/kri'ciliv/ 10 5 considerate /kan1 sidaraty 11 Cy conscientious/.k on jt'en Jas/ 12 possessive /pa'zesrvV loyal/'fowl/ stubborn /'stAban/ impatient /nn'peijW unsociable /An'seujsbl/ immature /.uns'tjW W Listen and check. Arc the negative prefixes or suffixes stressed? Practise saying ihe sente rices below. 1 He's terribly bad-tempered - you need to be careful with him. 2 She's so conscientious - she always does her best in everything. 3 He's very easy-goiug - he never gels stressed. 4 His mother's really possessive - she doesn't want him to get married. 5 She's so immature - she behaves like a child. paraphrasing If you don't know the exact adjective you need, use a phrase, e.g. She's the kind of person who,-,. He sends to... ik. Remember the third person s. Talk in small groups. Give examples where you can of people you know or have known. \Vha t kind of person rn alces... ? * a bad flatmate i-illi—i * a kfld1 travelling companion m~lf§!~'P{ * a bad boss * a good teacher * a good friend ' a good politician MINI GRAMMAR the.. .the.., + comparatives The more illegible your signature is, the less assertive you are as a person. Use the + comparative adjective or adverb to show that one thing depends on another, e.g. The sooner you do it, the easier it'U be = how easy it will be depends on when you do it. The colder it is, the more cfofhes yait need to wear. Rewrite the sentences using the...the... + a comparative adjective or adverb. 1 If you study more, you learn more. The_, the__ 2 If we leave soon, wc'D get there earlier. The_, tbe_ 3 If you are sociable* you have more friends. The_, die_ 4 If you are happy, you are nicer to other people. The__die__ 5 I* SONG n You gotta be €3 6 LISTENING & READING a Read the beginning of a magazine article. Do you know what a psychic is? Do you believe psychics have special powers or are you sceptical? b You're now going to listen to Jane describing her visit to the psychic, Sally Morgan. After each pari, discuss the questions with a partner. Part 1 '6 Answer the questions. 1 What was Jane's first impression oC the room and of Sally? 2 What are flic first questions Sally asked her? 3 Why is lane surprised by two things Sally mentions? Part 2 W True or false? 1 Jane lived in Ireland when she was a child. 2 The psychic says there will be a new man in Jane's life. 3 Jane in above average height 4 She thinks Jane will be attracted lo liim by his looks. 5 Jzne thinks she knows who the man is. Pari 3 « Choose a, b, or c. 1 Sally says that, in the future, Jane__. a will have (he same health problems as her mother b will live longer than her mother c should have plastic surgery 2 According to Sally._is good at reading and writing. a neither Jane's son nor her daughter b neither fane's ex-huso.-.nd nor her daughter c neither Jane's ex-husband nor her son 3 What Sally says about fane's children makes lane feel_- a convinced that Sally is a genuine psychic b less sceptical about .Sally being a psychic c sure that Sally is not a genuine psychic c Read about some typical techniques used by psychics. Match the titles with the paragraphs. A Getting information from the dient B Using a name C The flattering statement D Identifying common medical problems d Listen to Jane talking about her visit again. Which techniques did Sally use? e Now listen to Jane talking a few weeks later. What was her filial opinion .ibuut Sally's psychic abilities? What has happened since she went to see Sally? f Do you blow anyone who has been to a psychic? What happened? llY Can psychics see the future? I am almost the only person 1 know who has never been to a psychk. Everyone I asked had a story about how key events in their lives hod been predicted in some way. So I was really looking forward to my first visit to a psychic .. Tricks of the trade? These are some of the techniques used by psychics... 1 Something psychics always do is say something that's true of almost anyone on the planet, preferably something positive. An all-time favourite is 'You're intelligent with a great sense ot humour'. Who is going to answer, 'Well actually, I'm not. I'm really stupid and have no sense of humour at all? 2 Statistics confirm that a headache is the most common female health problem and almost 50% of men have a scar on their leg. so it's not really surprising when a psychic 'sees'these problems. 3 ApsythKconatatealottornyouragearid ask direct questions, re's difficult to avoid answering if you wOTtrestJ^b saying nothing k Pke going to the doctor and refusing to discuss your symptoms. 4 Coming up with a few names is always impressive. The usual method is to lei the dient work out who it might be. 'Does the letter s mean anything to you?' is a frequent strategy. 7 GRAMMAR auxiliary verbs a Look at some extracts from the listening. Circle (lie correct auxiliary verb. 'Australia is very important in your life* 'Us/ Isn't/ Was it?I've never been to Australia.1 'Another place which is very important in your life is Ireland.' Tes Ireland Ms I does I has play a big role in my life' 'Let's see, your mother suffers from headaches, ^doesn't I isn't I does she?* 'Yes, she *h I does ! has, actus I ly.' 'Well, you'll need to watch out for headaches, and so 5is / does I tviMyour mother.' Vj ufl Listen and check. Underline the auxiliaries which are stressed c In pairs, decide which auxiliary is used... A as a short answer. El B to add emphasis, Q C to check information. □ D to show surprise. □ li to avoid repeating a verb or phrase. □ d © p,i32 Grammar Rank IB, Read ihe rules and do the exercises. 8 PRONUNCIATION intonation and sentence rhythm a Ml Listen to the conversation and circle the auxiliary verbs which are stressed. A What's your sister like? B Well, she's rather shy and quiet. A{Tsj she? So is my brother! B Isn't you; brother a doc Lor? A That's right. And your sister works in a bank, doesn't she? B No, she doesn't. She's a journalist. A Oh yes, you did tell me, but 1 forgot. 1 ill ink they'd probably get on well. B Do you? But if my sister doesn't talk much and neither does your brother... A Yes, you're probably right. We won't introduce them then. b Listen and repeat the conversation copying the intonation and rhythm. Then practise it in pairs. c Listen and respond to the sentences you hear 'with an echo question, for example Are you? Didn't you?, etc. d Complete ihe sentences on the left so lhat they are true far you. Then read them to your partner who will respond with an echo question and then say whether he / she is the same as you or different. I'm not very good at__(activity) Aren't you? Neither am I. /1 am. I'm very .__, (adjective) Are you? So am I. / I'm not. I hste__(a food) Do you? So do I. /1 don't. I lite it. I don't often__. (verb) .Don't you? —_. I've been to__(town / country)-___ My favourite season is_. _;_,__. e O Communication You're psychic aren't you? A p. 116 B pJJ9, Make guesses about your partner and then check if they are true. 11 C present perfect (simple and continuous) V illness and treatment P consonant and vow/cl sounds You're the doctor! SPEAKING & VOCABULARY illness and treatment Read about the two situations and work out the meaning of the highlighted words. Then decide which you think is the correct answer for each one. You're at home with some friends watching a football match on TV. In the excitement, one of your friends suddenly starts having a nosebleed. DO YOU...? a yet some ice from the freezer and put it on his nose b get some toilet paper, tell him to put it in his nose, and suggest that he goes to the doctor to check his Wood pressure c telf him to pindi the soft part of his nose for five minutes You're having a barbecue with some friends on the beach. One ol your friends accidentally picks up a very hat piece of wood and burns her hand, ft hurts a lot and she has blisters on her skin. DO YOU-..? a pour cold water on the hand and then cover it with a plastic bag b cover the bum vuftfi suncream c break the blisters and put on antiseptic cream 2 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds consonant and The phonetic symbols in a dictionary help you check the pronunciation of words which have an irregular sound-speLling relationship. a 1J* Use the phonetic symbols to help you pronounce these words. Then listen and check. 1 cough fkofr 4 bruise /biu:?/ 2 bean /ho:t/ 5 blood ibWV 5 asthma Passno/ 6 diarrhoea /.daio'nV b How do you pronounce the sounds below? Write the words from the list in the correct column. ache infection ankle bandage specialist chemist cbokjng Gl1 allergy pressure rash check-up stomach temperature unconscious e i-M listen and check. Practise saying the words. d O p.I60 Sound Bank, Look at the rypic.il spellings for these sounds. e Ask and answer the questions below with a partner. 1 WTiat are the main symptoms of...? a a cold b flu c a twisted ankle d a heart attack < an allergic reaction f food poisoning 2 What should you do if you have the illnesses oi injuries above? b O Communication You're the dodp.116. Check your answers, c O p.147 Vocabulary Bank illness ond treatment. 3 READING & LISTENING a You are going to read an article about two people who found themselves involved in life or death situations. Work in pairs. A read the first article and B read the second. Help! My friend's choking! Library assistant, Mrs. Johnson was having dinner with friends in a restaurant They were all having steak and Mrs Johnson had just swallowed a piece of meat when she suddenly found that she couldn't breathe. Her Mends hit her hard on die buck, but the piece of steak remained stuck in her throat. She was starting to panic. One of her friends shouted out desperately, 'Excuse mc, cm anyone help my friend? She's choking.' At another table in the restaurant Trisha Coddard, a TV chat show presenter, saw what was happening and rushed over to try to help. She stood behind Mrs Johnson ftnd put her arms round her waist, ftnd then pulled hard inwards and upwards three times,.. b 'lake turns to tell each other your story. Explain... 1 what the situation was. 2 what the person who was giving first aid did. c Discuss whether you think they did the, right thing or not. (1 v, us 1.16 >Jow listen to what happened next and answer the question s. 1 What happened to Mrs Johnson in the end? Did Trisha Goddard do the right tiring? 2 What happened to Peter w the end? Did his mother do the right thing? 4 SPEAKING GET IT Rl keep going? Even when you know a lot of vocabulary connected with a topic, you may find dial you don't know the exact word or phrase for what you want to say. If this happens, don't freeze! Paraphrase (use other words to say what you mean) and keep going! Useful language What I mean is... J can*t remember/ Idon*t know The word, but it's... I She had a sort of / land of... Talk to a partner. Have you ever had to give first aid? The day my little boy swallowed a tomato yes Who to? Why? What happened? Has anyone ever had to give you first aid? YES NO What happened? W^k \ /> How much do you know about first aid? Where did you learn it? What do you think you should do if...? a someone is stung by a wasp b someone has too much to drink and loses consciousness c someone accidentally takes too many painkillers GRAMMAR present perfect (simple and continuous) Check what you know present perfect / past simple. Right (✓) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong highlighted phrases. J A Haw you ever had an operation? 4 A Have you gone to see the doctor? B Yes, I've broken my leg two years ago. B Not yet I'm going this afternoon. 2 A How long was your uncle in hospital? 5 Ouch! I cut my finger! Have you go? a plaster' B Since last Tuesday. He's coming home tomorrow. 6 I know my doctor for ten years. She's very good. 3 You haven't taken your medicine yet Any problems? O Workbook p.ifl W New grammar. Read the jokes and use your instinct to cross oul the wrong form (present perfect simple or continuous). Listen and check. Patient Doctor, my son has wallowed! has been swallowing my pen, what should I do? Doctor Use a pencil until I get there. Doctor You look exhausted! Patient Yes. Vve run I t'vr been running after a cat Doctor After a cat? Patient Yes, I think I'm a dog, doctor. Doctor I see. How long has this gone on / has this betn going on for? Patient Since I was a link' puppy. Doctor OK. Fast lie down here on the couch and we'll talk about it. Patient I can't! Doctor Why not? Patient I'm not allowed on the furniture. Patient Have they sent / Have they been sendingyou the results of my tests yet? Doctor Yes. The news isn't good, I'm afraid. Patiem How long have 1 got to live, doctor? Doctor Ten... Patient Ten WHAT? Months? Weeks? Doctor Nine, eight, seven, six... c O p.132 Grammar Bank IC Read the rules and do the exercises. d In pairs, use the prompts to ask and answer the questions, h there anything you could do to improve your health? 1 / drink much water? How many glasses / drink today? 2 / do any physical exercise? What? How long / do it? 3 / cat a lot of fruit ana vegetables? How many portions / have today? 4 / walk to school/work/university? How far / walked today? 5 I smoke? How long / smoke? How many cigarettes / have today? 6 / take any vitamins at the moment? How long / take ihcm? 7 How many hours / sleep a night? / deep well recently? 8 / allergic anything? / ever have a serious allergic reaction; r.ot dressed, stay young 6 READING a What symptoms do people have when they feel stressed? b Which three of these things do you think are the most stressful? Number them 1-3 (1 = the most stressful) and compare with a partner. □ Packing for a trip at the last minute. □ Being sLuck in a traffic jam when jtiu have an appointment. CH Writing a report for your boss when you don't have much time to finish it. CI Running for a bus or train. O Looking after a family member who has a chronic illness. D Shopping in your lunch break. 0 Programming a DVD player using lhe instruction manual. c Read the article once quite quickly and then tick (✓) the activities that are bad for your health. What docs (he article say-about the others? d "Read the article again more slowly. Circle the correct main idea for each paragraph. 1 a Being in traffic jams is bad for our health. b Some people think that not all kinds of stress arc bad for us. c Doctors don't agree how we can reduce our levels of stress. 2 a Young people suffer more from stress than older people. b Alzheimer's is one of the illnesses many old people suffer from, c Good stress stops us from getting ill. 3 a Situations which produce good stress are always short term, b Some stress can make our cells stronger. c Too much protein can make us ill. 4 a We need some stress to exercise our cells' self-repair mechanism, b Doing physical exercise makes us feel less stressed. c Packing your suitcase in a hurry is an example of good stress. € Complete the sentences ushtg words from the article. 1 When we try to do less of something, we cry to c- _ _ d_(paragraph 1). 2 An illness that you have for a very long lime is called a c_ illness (1). 3 Something which is good for us is h-(2). (2). -(2). it (3). (3). _ bigger and 4 The verb to make something stronger is s— 5 Our body is made up of millions off- 6 When we treat our body badly we d- 7 Another word for illness is d-(3). 8 Something which is bad for us is h- 9 Doing exercise helps to make our m- stronger (4). Use your dictionary to check the pronunciation of the words in. Discuss these questions with a partner. 1 Do you agree with what you have read in this article? Why (not)? 2 What kinds of'good stress' do yon have in your life? 3 What other health stories have you heard about recently? Do you pay much attention to them? Do yon believe them? © p.157 Phrasal verbs in context file I For decades doctors have warned us about the dangers of stress and have given us advice about how to cut down our stress levels. Everyone agrees that long-term stress, for example having to look after someone who has a chronic illness, or stressful situations where there is nothing we can do, for example being stuck in a traffic jam, is bad (or our health and should be avoided whenever possible. However, some medical experts now believe that certain kinds of stress may actually be good for us. Dr Marios Kyriazis, an anti-ageing expert, claims that what he calk 'good stress' is beneficial to our health and may, in fad, help us stay young and attractive and even live longer. Dr Kyriazis says that 'good stress' can strengthen our natural defences which protect us from illnesses common among older people, such as Alzheimer's, arthritis, and heart problems. He believes that 'good stress1 can increase lhe production of the proteins that help to repair the body's cells, induding brain cells. 3 According to Dr Kyriazis, running for a bus or having to work to a deadline are examples of 'good stress', that is situations with short-term, low or moderate stress. The stress usually makes us react quickly and efficiently, and gives us a sense of achievement -we did it! However, in both these situations, the stress damages the cells in our body or brain and they start to break down. But then the cells' own repair mechanism 'switches on' and it produces proteins which repair the damaged cells and remove harmful chemicals that can gradually cause disease. In fact, the body's response is greater than is needed to repair the damage, so it actually makes the cells stronger than they were before. 4 'As the body gets older, this self-repair mechanism of the cells starts to slow down,' says Dr Kyriazis. The best way to keep the process wotting efficiently is to 'exercise' it, in the same way you would exercise your muscles to keep them strong. This means having a certain amount of stress in our lives.' Other stressful activities that Kyriazis recommends as being good stress include redecorating a room in your house over a weekend, packing your suitcase in a hurry to reach the airport on time, shopping for a dinner party during your lunch break or programming your DVD or video recorder by following the instruction manual. E o So next time your boss tells- you that she wants to see that report finished and on her desk in 45 minutes, don't panic; just think of it as 'good stress' which will have benefits for your long-term health! | \ What does the future hold? Colloquial English THE INTERVIEW Q a You arc going to listen to an interview with Frank Clifford, an astrologer and palmist. Before you listen, read the glossary and look at how the words arc pronounced to help you understand what he says. Glossary blrlS chart /b3;9tfo"/ « mup which abinva Iho position ot lb* planet*. whin o person was bunt unalterable /tn'oltarab]; which can'l be chtngud deiliny ,"____to Jo. or.., ...but in fact the troth is yxin lend to gel__ of people, (informal) e Listen to the interview again with the tapescript on page 121. Would you like Prank Clifford to read your palm or do you a birth chart? Why (not)? b Listen again and write the name of the person. t Who thinks (hey are typical of their star sign? 2 Who minks you can often know what someone is like if you know their star sign? 3 Who nearly forgets what star sign they are? 4 Who is the most sceptical about horoscopes and star signs? 5 Who sometimes enjoys reading his / her horoscope? c uz Listen and complete the phrases with one word. What do you think they mean? COMMON PHRASES 1 _particularly, no. 2 I think it's_minimal. (informal) 3 You can definitely_their, sort of, personality straight away. 4 _whatsoever. d Listen to the interviews again with Ihc taj>escript on page 122. Then answer the same questions with a partner. •.tnrtumm MulUROM An informal email / letter7 ? writ.no f \ If you arc writing an email, il is more usuaj to start with. Hi, If you are writing a letter you should start with Dear. a Read ihc email (torn Chris. It has 12 mistakes: four grammar, four punctuation, ami four spelling. With a partner, correct the mistakes. b Read Chris's email again and find phrases thai mean... I haven't written or phoned. I've been reading and replying to my emails. Say hello lo your family from me. ° Qfc Cut ATOffl AOdrett Fontt titw Message Cnlrift 511,1. fi.i Draft From: Chris To: Eva "=T| Subject: fiau'8 Hi Eva, Sorry that I hayent been in touch tor a while but I've been ill. I got flu last week and I had a temgrBJure of 39°C so I've been In bed since four days. I'm feeling a bit better today so I've been catching up on my emails- Luckjy my classes at university don't start till next week. How are you? What have you been doing? Anything exciting. Here everyone are fine - apart from me and my ■flu! My brother Ian has just started hfs new job with a record-company - I think I told you about it when I last wrote - anyway, he's really enjoying it. How are your family? 1 hope they're well. 1 have a good news - I'm going to a conference in your town in may, from 16th to 20th. Could you rgwmend a hotel where I could stay in the centre of town? It needs to be somewhere not too expensive because the university is paying. I'll have a tree half-day for siteseeing. Do you think you^Hcjan^sJ^rw me around? That would be great. Well, that's all for now. Please give my regards to your family. I hope to hear from you soon. Take care, Chris c You're going to answer Chris's email, took at the Useful language expressions and try to complete ibcm Useful language Opening expressions Thanks1_your email / letter. Il was great2_hear ftorn you. Sorry for5. writing earlier / that I haven't been in touch for a wjriJe. I *_you and your family are well. Responding to news Sorry 5_hear about your exam results. Glad6_hear that you're all well. Good luck7_the new job. Hope you 3_better soon. Closing expressions Anyway, / Well, that's all 9__now. Hope to hear from you soon. / Looking10_ to hearing from you soon. 11_my regards (love) to... Take 11._/ a._wishes / Regards / (Lots of) love from... 14 (= something you forgot and want to add) Please send me ihe photos you promised. PLAN the content. 1 Underline the questions in the email that Chris wants you to answer. 2 Underline other places in the letter where you think you need lo respond, e.g. I've bean ill 3 Think about how to respond to each of the things you've underlined. WRITE 120-180 words, in two or three paragraphs. Use informal language (contractions, colloquial expressions, etc.), and expressions from Useful language. CHECK your email for mistakes (grammar, punctuation,and spelling). 1 ^ What do you remember? GRAMMAR i Complete the sentences with one word. 1 What were you and Sarah talking_? 2 You didn't Tike the film, — you? 3 My father loves opera, and so — my mother. 4 A I've- been to India twice. R__you? Vd love to go. 5 What have you — doing since I last saw you? Circle the right answer, a, b, or c. 1 Could you tell me what rime-? a the bus leaves b leaves the bus C does the bu; leave 2 How many people usually- to this class? a do come b come c did come 3 _at least three books so far this month. a I've been reading b I read c I've read 4 Thar was the best film_!