HaCTbIMH OTKJIOHeHHJIMH ot HOpMbl b npOH3HOHieHHH HeXOB HBJDieTCa HeaocTaToqHoe
yry6xreHHe / u / h / o / h Hao6opoT HajiHHHe ory6jieHHa y / y / ( TyT HaBepHoe npoaBJíaeTca BJinaHHe HeMeuKoro s3biKa h npoH3HouieHHe HeMeuKoro ii.)
12. Souhlásky. Rozdělení souhlásek podle různých kritérií.
12. ComacHbie. Pa3flejiemie comacHbix no pa3HbiM
KPJtTePjWM.
rjiaBHbíM npH3HaKOM corjiacHbix 3bvkob sBjíaeTca myM, npoH3BOzniMbiH cípyePí BBWHxaeMoro B03^yxa, HaTajiKHBaioiin*>eroca Ha npenaTCTBHe, KOTopoe o6pa3yeT tot hjih hhoh opraH peHH. B inyMe mojkct npHcyTCTBOBaTb My3biKajibHbiH toh ( ronoc ),
npOH3BOflHMÍ>IH rOJIOCOBblMH CBS3KaMH. Ot CTeneHH ero npHCyTCTBHS 3aBHCHT COHOpHOCTb
3ByKa.
CorjiacHbie 3ByKH pa3JiHHaioTca :
1) no cnoco6y o6pa30BaHHíi
2) no MecTy o6pa30BaHHH
3) no ynacTHio ronocoBbix CBK30K
4) no HaJIHHHK) HJIH OTCyTCTBHK) najiaTajiH3aHHH. CnOCOĎ apTHKVJÍHlJHH
no cnoco6y apTHKyjMHHH ( o6pa30BaHHio ) pa3JiHHaiOTCJi:
a) CMMHHbie HJIH B3pbIBHbie
6) CMbiHHonpoxoaHbie
b) /jpoacamne r) at|)(J)HKaTbi
a) t|)pHKaTHBHbie hjih mejieBbie
ripn o6pa30BaHHio CMbiHHbix corjiacHbix o6pa3yeTca nojmaa nperpa/^a, KOTopaa paspbiBaeTCH chjioh B03ayniHOH cTpyn, BbrrajiKHBaeMOH H3 jierKnx: / p - p', b - b\ t - ť, d - ď,k - k', g - g7.
ripn o6pa30BaHH# CMbiHHonpoxo/iHbix 3ByKOB o6pa3yeTca nojmaji nperpa^a b nepe^Heň nacTH poTOBOH nojiocTH, ho nojiHOTa 3toh nperpa,zn>i HapyuiaeTca OTKpbiTHeM npoxoaa hjih b HOCOByio nojiocTb, hjih co ctopohm a3biKa. B nepBOM cjiynae o6pa3yioTca CMbiHHonpoxoaHbie HOCOBbie 3ByKH, Hanp. / m - m'- rrf-n - n'- n" /.Bo btopom cjiynae o6pa3yiOTCH cMbiHHonpoxo/j,Hbie poTOBbie ( hjih 6oKOBbie ) corjiacHbie / 1 — 1'- T- V I. 06pa3ya apo^amne ( hjih BH6paHTbi), a3biK HecKOJibico pa3 neupas o6pa3yeT h pa3pbiBaeT nperpa^y: /r — ť - rv- x" I.
Ecjih b Hanane 3Byica o6pa3yeTca nojiHaa nperpajaajf b KOHne 3ByKa HenoJiHaa nperpa/j;a ( mejib ^, B03HHKaiOT atJxJjpHKaibi, #anp.,: / c - c'- z - z' /.
ripn apTHKyjuiHHH inejieBbix ( hjih (ippHKaTHBHbix ) o6pa3yeTca HenonHaa nperpa^a, mejib: / s - ž -ch - j - i7.