Te m a 3. nP03AMHECKME nPOM3BEflEHM91 M. KD. JIEPMOHTOBA
CaMOCTOflTe/ibHan paôoTa
1. IIpOHHTaH OTpbIBOK H3 npOH3BeAeHHH.
KOMn03HiniOHHOE H Xy^OHCECTBEHHOE CBOEOEPA3HE POMÁHA «TEPOH HAIUErO BPEMEHH»1
( ompbieoK )
B 1839 ropy b TpeTbeM HOMepe acypHajia «OrenecTBeHHbie 3anHCKH» 6bijia onyöjiHKOBaHa noßecTb Mnxanjia JlepMOHTOBa «Bajia». 3aTeM, b oflHHHaflii;aTOM HOMepe, noHBHjiacb noßecTb «<řaTajracT» h bo BTopoö KHHJKKe JKypHajia 3a 1840 rofl — «TaMaHb». B tom JKe 1840 ro^y yjKe H3BecTHbie HHTaTejiio Tpn ho-BejiJibi, noBecTByioii],He o pa3JiHHHbix 3nH30^ax jkh3hh HeKoero üeHopima, bbi-huih b nenaTH KaK rjiaBbi poMaHa «Tepoö Haniero BpeMeHH». KpHTHKa BCTpera-jia HOBoe npoH3Be,n;eHHe Heo,a;H03HaHHo: 3aBH3ajiacb ocTpaa nojieMHKa. Hapafly c 6ypHbiMH BOCTopraMH «HencTOBoro BnccapnoHa» — BejiHHCKoro, Ha3BaBinero poMaH JlepMOHTOBa npoH3Be,n;eHHeM, npe/i|CTaBJiHiomHM «coBepnieHHO hobbih Mnp HCKyccTBa», yBH^eBinero b HeM «rjiyßoKoe 3HaHne nejiOBenecKoro cep^Li,a h coBpeMeHHoro oömecTBa», «öoraTCTBO coaepjKaHHH h opnrHHajibHOCTb», b ne-var-a 3a3BynajiH rojioca kphthkob, aöcojiioTHO He npHHHBiHHx poMaH. 06pa3 Ile-HopHHa noKa3ajica hm KJieBeTHHHecKoô KapHKaTypoá, noApajKaHHeM 3anan,-
HblM o6pa3D;aM. IIOHpaBHJICH npOTHBHHKäM JlepMOHTOBa JIHHIb «HCTHHHO pyC" CKHH»   MaKCHM MaKCHMbIH.  IIoKa3aTejIbHO,  hto aÖCOJIKJTHO TaK 3Ke OHeHHJI
«TepoH...» h HMnepaTop HHKOJiaö I. CaM oh oÖTbacHHJi, hto, Ha^aB HHTaTb poMaH, ßbijio o6pan;oBajica, peniHB, hto HMeHHO MaKCHM MaKCHMbin h ecTb «repoii Haniero BpeMeHH». OflHaKO, oÔHapyjKHB b flajibHeümeM cboio oniHÖKy, oneHb Ha aBTopa HeroflOBaji.
PeaKii,hh KpHTHKH 3acTaBHjia JlepMOHTOBa npH nepeH3AaHHH ßonojiHHTb poMaH aBTopcKHM npe,zi,HCJioBHeM h npeflHCJioBHeM k «3KypHajiy IleHopHHa». 06a 3th npeAHCJiOBHa HrpaioT BajKHyio, onpeßejifHomyio pojib b npoH3BefleHHH: bbi-HBJiaioT MaKCHMajibHO oÔT^eMHO aBTopcKyro no3HU,Hio h ^aioT kjhoh k pa3ra,a;Ke
JiepMOHTOBCKOrO   MeTOfla   n03HaHHH   fleHCTBHTejIbHOCTH. KoMn03HHHOHHaiI
cjiojKHOCTb poMaHa Hepa3pbiBHo CBH3aHa c ncHxojiorH^ecKoii cjiojkhoctbio o6-pa3a rjiaBHoro repoa.
HeoflH03HaHHOCTb xapaKTepa uenopHHa, npoTHBope^HBOCTb 3Toro o6pa3a BbiaBJiHJiacb He TOJibKo b HccjieflOBaHHH caMoro ero ^yxoBHoro MHpa, ho h b co-OTHeceHHH repoa c ocTajibHbiMH nepcoHajKaMH. Abtop 3acTaBjiaeT HHTaTejia no-CTOHHHO conocTaBJiHTb rjiaBHoro repoa c TeMH, kto ero OKpyacaeT. TaKHM oöpa-30M ßbijio HaňfleHo KOMno3HH,HOHHoe penieHHe poMaHa, corjiacHO KOTopoMy ih-TaTejib nocTeneHHO npHÔJiHjKaeTca k repoio.
OnyöJiHKOBaB CHanajia Bpa3ÖHBKy Tpn noßecTH, KOTopbie b OKOHnaTejibHOM BapnaHTe poMaHa He hbjihjihcb flance rjiaßaMH oahoö nacTH, JlepMOHTOB «c^e-jiaji 3aHBKy» Ha npoH3Be,a;eHHe, no JKaHpy poflCTBeHHoe «EßreHHio OHerHHy». B «IIocBHmeHHH» üyiHKHH Ha3Baji CBOH poMaH «coöpaHbeM necTpbix rjiaB». 3to noAHepKHBajio ^oMHHaHTy aBTopcKoň bojih b h3jiojk6hhh coömthh: noßecT-BOBaHHe noflHHHaeTca He tojibko h He ctojibko nocjieAOBaTejibHOCTH npoHCxo^a-
1 IIo MaTepHajiaM: Monaxoea O.ľl., Majixa3oea M.B. PyccKaH jiHTepaTypa XIX Bena. H.l. M., 1994.
mero, CKOJitKO ero shsmhmocth ; annaoflbi BbiönpaioTca He no ocTpoTe cioaceT-1 hbix kojijih3hh, ho no ncHxojiorHHecKOH HacbimeHHOcra. 3ajj;yMaHHbiH Jlep-1 mohtobbim KaK «flJiHHHaa nenb noBecTeä» poMaH npeßnojiaraji Ty JKe, hto ny I üyHiKHHa, xyflOJKecTBeHHyio sa^a^y. H BMecTe c TeM «Tepoö Haniero BpeMeHH» I co3flaeT b pyccKoä jiHTepaType ocoöbih, aöcojiioTHO hobbih ran poivraHa, JierKOH I opraHH^ho coHeTaromHH B ceöe nepTbi TpaßHnHOHHbix poMaHHbix JKaHpoB (Hpa-1 BOonncaTejibHoro, aBaHTiopHoro, JiHHHoro) h nepTbi «Majibix JKaHpoB», ninpoKO I pacnpocTpaHeHHbix b pyccKOH JiHTepaType b 30-x roßax: nyTeßoro onepna, pac- I CKa3a Ha ÖHByaice, cbotckoh noßecTH, KaBKa3CKOH HOBejuibi. KaK oTMenaji I B. 9iixeH6ayM, «TepoH Haniero BpeMeHH» hbhjich bmxo/jom 3a npe^ejibi arax I Majibix JKaHpoB no nyTH k o6rbe,a;HHHioineMy hx JKaHpy poMaHa».
KoMno3Hn;Ha poMaHa noflHHHeHa JiorHKe pacKpbiraa o6pa3a rjiaBHoro repoa. I B. HaöoKOB b «IIpeßHCJiOBHH k «Tepoio Haniero BpeMeHH» nncaji o pacncwio-jKeHHH HOBejui: «B nepßbix flpyx — «Bajia» h «MancnM MaKCHMbm» — aBTop, hjih, roBopa TOHHee, repofi-paccKa3HHK, jno6o3HaTejibHbiH nyTeniecTBeHHHK, onncbiBaeT cboio noe3^Ky Ha KaBKa3 no BoeHHO-rpy3HHCKoii jjopore b 1837 ro«y hjih okojio Toro. 3to PaccKa3*iHK 1. BbiexaB H3 TncpjiHca b ceßepHOM HanpaBjie-
HHH, oh 3HaKOMHTCH b nyTH CO CTapbIM BOflKOH nO HMeHH MaKCHM MaKCHMMH.
KaKoe-To BpeMa ohh nyTeniecTByioT BMecTe, h MaKCHM MaKCHMbin cooömaeT PaccKa3HHKy 1 o HenoeM TpHropHH AjieKcaH/jpoBHHe üe^iopHHe, KOTopbiii, to-My nara jieT, Heca BoeHHyio cjiyjKÖy b HenHe, ceßepHee ^arecTaHa, o^HaJKflH yMbiKHyji nepKenieHKy. MaKCHM MaKCHMbra — 3to PaccKa3HHK 2, h hctophji ero Ha3biBaeTca «Bajia». Ilpn cjiejryioineM CBoeM ßopojKHOM cbh^aHHH («MaKCHM MaKCHMbra») PaccKa3*iHK 1 h PaccKa3HHK 2 BCTpe^aiOT caMoro IleHopHHa. IIocjieAHHH cTaHOBHTca PaccKa3HHK0M 3 — Be^b eine Tpn hctophh 6y,n;yT b3hth H3 JKypHajia üeMopHHa, kotophh PaccKa3*iHK 1 onyßjiHKyeT nocMeprao. Bhh-
MaTejIbHblH MHTaTeJIb OTMeTHT, hto BeCb (pOKyC nOßOÖHOÜ KOMn03HE,HH COCTOHT
b tom, HToßbi pa3 3a pa30M npHÖJiHJKaTb k HaM üeHopHHa, noKa HäKOHeu, oh caM He 3aroBopHT c HaMH, ho k TOMy BpeMeHH ero yjKe He 6yfleT b hhbux. B nepBOM paccKa3e üeHopHH Haxo,a;HTca ot MHTaTejia Ha «TpoiopoßHOM» paccToaHHH, no-CKOJibKy mm y3HaeM o HeM co cjiob MaKCHMa MaKCHMbina jj;a eine b nepe^a^e PaccKa3HHKa 1. Bo BTopoö hctophh PaccKas^HK 2 KaK 6bi caMoycTpaHaeTca, h PaccKas^HK 1 nojiyMaeT bo3mojkhoctb yBHßeTb üe^iopHHa coöcTBeHHbiMH rjia3a-mh. C KaKHM TporaTejibHbiM HeTepneHHeM cneniHJi MaKCHM MaKCHMtra npe/rb-ABHTb CBoero repoa b HaType. H bot nepefl HaMH Tpn nocjießHHX paccKa3a; Te-nepb, Kor^a PaccKa3*iHK 1 h PaccKa3MHK 2 otouijih b CTopoHy, mm OKa3biBaeMca c üe^opHHbiM JIHnOM k JIHD,y».
2. üo^eMy poMaH M. K). JlepMOHTOBa «Tepofi Haniero BpeMeHH» TaK cjioaceH
KOMn03HnHOHHO?
3.  Kjxj^ju^  j^Llta^ua^- dfl^laj^.