U4 – ADDITIONAL MATERIALS U4, listening p. 38 TASK Complete the gaps with the words you hear: We 1. _____________________ (4 WORDS) our tent and started skiing. Pen was in front, navigating and I was following his tracks, 2. _____________________ (3 WORDS) and I started getting a very strange feeling that something was wrong and I wasn't sure what to start with. It felt I'd forgotten something important. I couldn't quite 3. _____________________ (2 WORDS) what wasn't right and I stopped and turned around and looked behind me. Looked back 4. _____________________ (3 WORDS) and saw a polar bear, walking towards us. Now, early in the spring, at the very start of the expedition, and this was very early March, 2001, polar bears 5. _____________________ (3 WORDS) through the winter so they are hungry. They've just woken up, they're looking for breakfast and we are wearing black clothing. We probably look a bit like seals, which is what bears normally eat. Bears are also the largest 6. _____________________ (2 WORDS) in the world, so they are quite big, scary 7. _____________________ (1 WORD). And I turned around and shouted at Pen, who was in front. Luckily,he heard me, and our 8. _____________________ (5 WORDS). Now we'd practised what to do once in the car park, and the theory is that we had to stay where we were and try and convince the polar bear we were bigger and scarier than, than it was. As I have said, they are big creatures – the heaviest 9. _____________________ (4 WORDS). was, I think, just over a thousand kilos, so a tonne. They can move at nearly 50 kilometres per hour if they want to. Now our top speed, pulling sledges, was about three kilometres per hour, so we knew there was no way we could 10. _____________________ (1 WORD). the bear, so we had to stay where we were, try and look big, and scare it away. U4, READING, p. 40. TASK Give the words defined by the following: 1 ___________ = a serious illness caused by a group of cells in the body increasing in an uncontrolled way. 2 ___________ = to give the main ideas of a plan or a piece of writing without giving all the details 3 ___________ = sb who takes part in sth 4 ___________ = the ability to work hard or to make a lot of effort over a long period of time without getting tired 5 ___________ = a substance found in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes. It supplies your body with heat and energy. 6 ___________ = to move around continuously inside a system or area, or to make something do this 7 ___________ = a comfortable pair of shoes for sports activity 8 ___________ = a part of your body that can bend where two bones meet 9 ___________ = the flat bottom part of your foot 10 ___________ = the part at the bottom of your leg where your foot joins your leg 11 ___________ = to form a picture of someone or something in your mind U4, READING, p. 42. TASK Give the words defined by the following: 1 _____________ = a path with a hard surface beside a road. The American word is sidewalk. 2 _____________= to put something into your pocket, to take money for yourself that does not belong to you, especially when you are responsible for looking after it 3 _____________= not harmed, damaged, or lacking any parts as a result of something that has happened remain/survive _____________: His image as party leader has survived the crisis _____________. preserve/keep something _____________: This great Victorian house will be preserved _____________ and opened to the public. 4 _____________ = to press the buttons on a telephone in order to call someone 5 _____________ = a strong feeling of wanting or needing to do something 6 _____________ = (here) dull in colour 7 _____________ = to try hard to do something that you find very difficult, to use your strength to fight against someone or something 8 _____________ = to disappoint sb 9 _____________ = leave sb/sth _____________ (all) hope: to stop believing or hoping that something will happen The family had _____________ all hope of finding him alive. _____________ ship: to leave a ship or boat because it is dangerous to stay, to leave an organization because you think it will fail 8 _____________ = a physically relaxed state, without any pain or other unpleasant feelings 9 _____________ = to get rid of sth unpleasant 10 _____________ = if you are _____________ on something, you find it so attractive or interesting that you want to do it as much as possible 11 _____________= happy and relaxed because something bad has not happened or because a bad situation has ended GRAMMAR PAST PERFECT TENSES – simple and continuous TASK1: Complete the sentences using the clues. Situation 1 I saw a woman at a party who I ___________ before. (SEE) Situation 2 When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ___________ his job soon. (QUIT) When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ___________ a new job soon. (HOPE, GET) When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ___________he ___________ a new job soon. (HOPE, GET) When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ___________ he ___________ a new job soon. (HOPE, GET) Situation 3 When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ___________ the bride since for many years. (KNOW) Situation 4 When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ___________ a book since his daughter ___________ born. (WRITE, BE) When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ______________________ a book since he ______________________ for his father-in-law. (WRITE, WORK) Situation 5 A: When I saw him at her wedding 2 years ago he said he ___________ happy with his job. (not BE) Situation 6 He said it was the first time he ___________ a tractor. (DRIVE) TASK2: Underline the correct option. Past simple or past perfect. 1 Alice felt very pleased with herself. She had found // found what she was looking for. 2 'Where are we?' had asked // asked Martha. 3 By the time I got back to the bathroom, the bath had overflowed II overflowed. 4 She walked into the station only to find that the train had left II left. 5 I was just about to leave when I had remembered // remembered my briefcase. 6 My sister told me that Joe had died II died. 7 He had looked // looked at his watch again and began to walk even faster. 8 In a surprise move, the Prime Minister had resigned // resigned last night. Source: Martin Hewings, Advanced Grammar in Use, CUP 1999, p. 19 TASK3: These things happened in the order given in brackets (e.g. in 1, most people went home and, sometime after that, I got to the party). Write sentences using this information beginning with the words given. Use either the past simple or the past perfect. 1 (most people went home /1 got to the party) By the time... 2 (Glen opened the book / some pages fell out) When... 3 (the fox disappeared/ we went back to look for it) When... 4 (she picked up her bag/ the handle broke) When... Source: Martin Hewings, Advanced Grammar in Use, CUP 1999, p. 19 TASK4: Use these pairs of verbs to complete the sentences. Choose the past perfect where possible; otherwise, use the past simple. turn/caught come/start eat/pick check/go type/give collapse/phone 1 After Michael _____________ the letter, he _____________ it to Kay to sign. 2 When she _____________ into the hall, everyone _____________ cheering. 3 When Jenny _____________ that the children were asleep, she _____________ out to the concert. 4 As soon as I _____________the ignition key, the engine _____________ fire. 5 When Norma _____________ , I _____________ for an ambulance. 6 After they _____________ all the food, they _____________ up their bags and left. Source: Martin Hewings, Advanced Grammar in Use, CUP 1999, p. 19 TASK5: Complete the sentences with appropriate verbs, using the same one for each sentence in the pair. Use the past perfect continuous if it is possible; if not, use the past perfect. 1 a She took a bottle from the bag she ____________ all the way from home. b The avalanche ____________ them 500 metres down the mountain but no-one was hurt. 2 a We ____________ for visas well before our departure date, but still hadn't heard anything by the day we were due to leave. b She ____________ for jobs, without success, since leaving university. 3 a He ____________ all the way from New York to see me. b When the plane was diverted, it ____________ from London to Frankfurt. 4 a She ____________ for the same company since she qualified. b He finally ____________ his way up from the shop floor to a management position. Source: Martin Hewings, Advanced Grammar in Use, CUP 1999, p. 21 I TASK 6 Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the verbs given (Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous, Past Simple) 1 David ____________he ____________ her somewhere before, but he couldn´t remember where. (KNOW, SEE) 2 When I got to the office I ___________ I __________ all my papers behind. (REALISE, LEAVE) 3 Ellen was sure they ______________ the invoice, but she ___________ one more time. (RECEIVE, CHECK) 4 I thought we ________________ the name for the new product. (CHOOSE) 5 Around 1993 Korean corporations __________ turning to Park to acquire companies in the US or Europe. By this time, he _____________ sufficient contacts to help them. (START, BUILD UP) 6 I______________ on the project for two months before they decided to cancel it. (WORK) 7 I ________________well, so I was quite tired. (SLEEP) 8 How long _________________ on the project before they cancelled it? (you, WORK) 9 Before he ___________ IBM he ____________ together a software package for the UK-based chemical company ICI. He _________________ on this project during 1971 and 1972. (LEAVE, PUT, WORK) 10 I ________________ what to do before he called me. (already, DECIDE) 11 At the time I still _________________ what to do. (not DECIDE) 12 At the time I still ___________ what to do. (not KNOW) 13 We arrived at Sue´s office after she___________. (LEAVE) 14 When we arrived at Sue´s office, she__________________. (LEAVE) 15 The economic situation was quite healthy. The central bank ______________ interest rates because inflation _________________ steadily for several years. (LOWER, FALL) 16 By 1997 the national debt ________________ and the British economy was once again at risk of repeating the pattern of inflation followed by recession. (DOUBLE)