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Learning strategies



•
•= specific behaviors or
•                  thought processes
•                  methods
•
•that students use to learn

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Strategies
•Cognitive
•Metacognitive
•Memory-related
•Compensatory strategies
•Affective
•Social

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Cognitive strategy
•to manipulate the language material in direct ways
•reasoning,
•analysis,
•note-taking,
•summarizing,
•synthesizing,
•outlining,
•reorganizing information,
•practicing in naturalistic settings,
•practicing structures and sounds formally
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Metacognitive strategies
•To manage the learning process
•identifying one’s own learning style preferences and needs,
•planning the task,
•gathering and organizing materials,
•arranging a study space and a schedule,
•monitoring mistakes,
•evaluating task success,
•evaluating the learning strategy
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•
http://edweb.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/metacognition/student17.jpg

Memory-related strategies
•to learn and retrieve information
•
•Helping techniques:
•Acronyms
•Rhyming
•Mental picture of the word
•TPR
•mechanical means (flashcards, pictures, page …)
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Compensatory strategies
•To make up for missing knowledge •guessing from the context,
•using synonyms,
•“talking around” the missing word, •using gestures or pause words
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Affective strategies
•related to L2 proficiency •identifying one’s mood and anxiety level,
• talking about feelings,
•rewarding oneself for good performance, •using deep breathing or positive self-talk
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http://libcom.org/files/images/library/20061117ho_poppins_450.jpg

Social strategies
•To work with others and understand the target culture as well as the language
•asking questions to get verification,
•asking for clarification of a confusing point,
•asking for help in doing a language task,
•talking with a native-speaking conversation partner,
•exploring cultural and social norms
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•
http://www.steinarknutsen.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/social-media-communications-strategy-1.jpg

L2 learning strategy use is related to
•learning motivation,
•gender,
•age,
•culture,
•brain hemisphere dominance,
•career orientation,
•academic major,
•Beliefs,
•the nature of the L2 task.

Effective and uneffective strategy
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