2    CJiy^CEBHWE HACTM PEHM
CjioBa, He HNieioiiuie HOMHfiaxHBHöro 3HaHeHH3, t. e. He na ?i.auiioiiiue npeziMeTbi, hx npiOHäKH, nponeccbi h coctohhhh, a civA'amne jjjm BtipaaceHHa
OTHOUieHHH   MOKfly   nOHÍITHaMH,  KOTOpbie  HaSBaHbl  3 HaMeHaTeJlbHMMH   CJlOBaMH, h
ynoTpeôJiaíomHeca xqjibko b coejiHHeHHH c hhmh, aBJiaioTca cJiyske6humh, CjiysKeÖHbie cjiobh ne hbjihiotch M.ieiiavin lquvuiovKenmi. Cjiy>Ke6nbie iiacTn penH KjxaccHcf)HHHpyK)xcfl no npH3naKy ycxanoBjíeuHa
CHH'ľaKCHHeCKHX   OTHOHieHHH   MOKflV   3HaMeHaxejXbHbIMH   CJTOBäMH, ripeÄJIOSíeHHJIMH
HJiH 3JieMeHxaMH npeaJio>KeHHS[ Ha:
IipCM.IOi U COIOibl
Macntiibi, nanp.:
Knu?a .lejicum na cmojie. Flaeen nouien e anmei<y setJieKüpcmeaMU. Omen 11 MCimb epena eepuyjiucb doMoii. Oh cxmaa, h mo ue npudem. Bedb ntbi e?o sitaeutb. Bom nydaK-mo!
3 nPEAJior
3.1 ilPEAJÍOr KAK MAC Tb P EM M
Ilpei.ioi - cjiyaceÖHaH nacTH pcmi, KOTopaa b co'ici amm c kocbchhi.imii na u"/KaMii invieii evince i Bin e.ibiibix, Mecioii\ieiiiiii h Miitvianvihiihiv üi>ipa>Rat r
pa3JlHMHbie   OTHOUieHHH   MCiKiiy   CJIOBaMH   B   CVIOBOCOMťiailHH   H lipci.lOVKeillfll.
Hanp.:
Mu doioKiibi nepeiimu uepes Mocm. nodoümu k domy u eoümii e do.v. Hainauta menyna Kympy, ona paoomana Had dumoMuoú paoomoii. Moü dpy<~> npudem nepes huc, oh ynume:ib no .\iame.\iamiiKe.
ilpi'.I.IOI H    CaMOCIOM lť.lbHO   He   ÍIBJIHKtTCH   'MCIIUMII    lipeUIO/KCHIIH, HO
bxo/iht b cocxaB hjichob npe,a;jio>KeHH5i.
3.2 y n O T P E B JI E H M E nPE^JIOEOB
Hpc.i.ioi u He oö.ia.iaioi  iío\nnia i hbüm vi 3na'ieniieM, yiioipeô.i>iioxc>i c
HMeHeM   CymeCXBHXejIbHMM, MeCT0HM€HHeM h HHCJÍHTejIBHBIM b KOCB6HH0M ľl&PfiUKS.
Ohm pa3BHBaiox, iioiio.iHMiox. ycHjiHBaiox 3Haiieiuie HMeHH pa3noo6pa3HbiMH onenKa.Mii h yioMHMioi CHHxaKCHHecKyio pojib na^e>khoh (j)opMbi b expoe npeaJio>i<eHHíi.
K'avK u.iii lipe i.ioi ynoipeojmercíi c onpc ic.ieiini.iM na icvkom (o/ihhm, ABVMa h Aa>i<e xpeMa), ho oahh h xox ace npefljior Moacex hmcxb pasHbie 3iumenHM m 6bixb noKa3axejieM pa3HHHHbix rpaMMaxidHecKHH oxHomeHHix
IIpci.ioi h Bbipa'/Kaioi b e.ioBoeo'ieiaiiiiiiv n lipe MovKenmiY paiHoo6pa3iibie ornoiueiiiiii:
1) upocTpaHCTBeHHbie (m, do, y, e, k. uepes, sa, nepeô, nad, nad, .viejicdy h flp.), Hanp.:
fíbiúmu us :ieca. noóejicamb do (punuiua, cudemb y komuhü, ymtfttbcsi e ynusepcumeme. nodoiímu k lUKOjie, Mocm 'tepeš kcihu.í, fíbiexanib 3d eopoá, nocmmumb cmy.i neped ciho.iom: nojiooKumb nod tuKüqb, noeecumb nauny Had cmonoM, cuóemb Mětucdy n umu;
2) upeMCHiibie (e, na, do, c, tepeš, noaie, do. k, no, Mecxcdy, sa n ap.), Hanp.:
e cpedy, npuexamb na cjiedyioupiú óeiib, paôomamb c ympa do eenepa, yexamb nepes Mccm\. neumbcn nocjie oóeda, do eoimu, npuiímu k eeuepy, npimuMumb no cpedcm, nepezoeopumbMedtcdy .leKiiuMMii. cde.iambpaóomy 3a nac;
3) upHHHHHbie (om, us. sa. ussa. OJiažodapn, no, om. eeudy, ecnedcmeue,
e cwiy n .up.), Hanp.:
iviciKumb om padocmu. ue zoeopumb o ceôe U3 CKpOMHOcmu, uappudiimb 3a xopouiyw paóomy, onosdamb m-su dooicán, ebisoopoeenib onazodapn saóome epaneü, omcymcmeoeamb no ôojicsuu, rope omy.xta, eeudy ombe3áa, eaiedcmeue 6ypu, e cimy oěcmoMmejibcme;
4) uejieBbie (d.w, paôu, na, e, sa, nod n zip.h Hanp.:
óe.iamb ece dna noúedbi, Jicumb pudu demeit, nodapumb na noMHmb, CKasamb e viasudanue. noeuöuymb sa Poáuuy. óanm nod eape it be;
5) ycjiOBHbie (npu, e cjiynae), Hanp.:
npu dpyncuoii paôome, e cjiynae nojicapa;
6) ycTyiiHxejTbHbie (necMompn na, eonpexu, nanepcKop n Ap.), Hanp.:
HecMompx na nnoxyio noeody, Mbi noiwiii eyjinmb. Bonpeiai npedcKasamisiM. derib 6uji coJineuHbiM. Bonodu cdenan omo nanepeKop omi(y.
7) KOJiimecTBeHHbie (no. do, e, ua, c n jxp.), Hanp.:
čtu no ropjio. HanojiHnxb ao KpaeB, ziom b níixb axa^eň, 6oHKa na nflTb jinxpoB. üBa c nojiOBHHon;
8) KOMiiapaTHBHbie (x. Ha3. conocxaBHxejibHbie) co 3HaLienneM cpaBnenna.
cxozicxBa, no^oOHH. oxjihhhm    {xiejicdy, 'neped / nad, na. a omauHue om. 6 npomiieono.iojicnocmb), Hanp.: cpaenumb Mejwdy coôoii nposy u noosuio, npeeocxodcmeo neped hum.   on   noxoJic   na   omija,   e   omjiumie   om   uezo, e npomueononojfíHOcnib eii, ona iiiiKOPda ne CKyuaem;
9) oöbeKTHbie (o foó, oöo), načnem, sa h flp.), Hanp.:
saóomumbCH o demnx, dyuafnb načnem noesúKu, esniríb sa /rar
3.3 K.iACCna>nKAUMM nPE/yioroB
npefluorn mo>kho ruiaccHifwuMpoBarb no nponcxcwimeHHio h no cxpyícrype.
I. Flo iipoHCXO/KiieHHH) npezmorn aenaxcH Ha nepBOoôpaíHbie h upoioBOAHbie: 1)   nepBooöpaiHbie (nepBUMHbie, neiipoinBcmHbie) - 3xo  npezuiorn., Koxopwe
B03HHKJ1H B flpeBHOCXH H b HaCXOflLUee BpeMfl He COOXHOCHXCa HH C KaKHMH
caMocxoíľrejibHbiMH HacxHsviH penn, Hanp.:
e, ÖC3, d.w, do, sa us. k. na. nad, o (oo, oôo), om. neped. npu, c, y h zip.;
2) npon3BOAHbie (HenepBooßpaiHbie) - rro íipennorn, KOTopbie noíiBHjnicb b ôojiee no3zlHee ßpeivifl. Ohm o6pa30BaHti nyTeM nepexoxia ;ipyrax načretí pewn b npeflJiorn. Ylo 3tomv npH3Hai<y BbineimtOTCtt Tpn noArpynribi npoH3BO^Hbix npeiiJioroB:
a) Hapeniibie - 3to npe^jiorn, oöpaaoBaHHbie ot HapeMHH, Hanp.:
edo.'ib. eoKpyz, mumo, uanpomue, nosaôu, eö.'imu o m n pp.; 6) OTbiMCiiHbie -    3TC) npexuiorH,   oopa30BaHHbie ot pa3jinHHbix ôecnpexuioKHbix h npejuioacHbix (|)opM kocbchhbix iiaflexeň hmöh cymecTBHxejibHbix, Hanp.:
éeudy, nymeM, ec.tedcmeue, načnem, uanodoóue, eo epe.un nap.:
b) oriviarojibHbie - 3to npejuiorn, o6pa30BaHHbie ot fleenpHnacTi-m. Hanp.:
@MoeodapM, mcMompn na, enycmfi, @kmwhoh, namuian c h ,ap.
II. rio crpyKiype npejinorn aejurrca Ha npocTbie, cjio>KHbie h cociaBHwe:
1) ripocxbie - k HHM othocatca npeanora, cocToamne H3 ozuioro cjiOBa, Hanp.:
k, c, a, o. npu, na, nad, neped, d.w, ónazodápx h jxp.:
2) c.iovKiibie - ohh oopa30BaHHbi nyTeM coeAHHenna ppyx Henpon3BO,mibix npe^JioroB, Hanp.:
U3-3U, ii3-nod. no-uad, no-sa n pp.;
3) cocTaiiHbie - ohh coctoht h3 HecKoubKHX cjioB, Hanp.:
necMompH ua, tí omAimue, e C6M3U c, eo epe.uH, no onmouienmo n ap.
3.4 COHETAEMOCTb PYCCKHX IlPE/yiOrOB C íl AUKAMM
MivieHHTejibHbiH najie/K Bceraa ynoTpeojineTCH 6e3 npcaaoroB, npejjiO/KHbiií najje/K - Bceraa c upcjiJioroM. OcTaribHbie nazxeacH ivioryT ynoTpeGjisiTbCM n c npcmioraMH n 6e3 nnx. Hanp.: n ôaio muzy ôpamy, noúdy k ópamy, c.uompio khu?y, CMompio a Kiimy.
1) UpeAJioiH h iix coHeTaeiviocTb c na u/icaMu b pyecKovi HibiKe, Hanp.:
MMeHHTeJlbHblH na^e>K	■ (ynoTpeojiHJieTca Bcer^a 6e3 npe^JioroB)
POAHTejlbHblH na,ae>k	6e3, ÖJ1H3, BOHH3H, BHiyOb, BßOJIb. BMeCTO, BHC BHyTpH. BHyTpb, B03Jie, BOKpyr, BnepeflH, Bpoae, Barren, ÄJia, ao, h3, Hi-3a. h3-noa, KpoMe, MHMO, iwejKay, HaBepxy, HaKaHyHe.     HanpoTHB,     HacneT,     okojio, ot. oTHOCHTejibHo,  noBepx,  nosálu,  domhmo, nonepeic, iiocjie, nocpe^n, nocpe^nne, npoK^e. npoxHB, paan. c, cooKy, CBepx, CBbime, c3ajiH. cptaii. y, b6hh3h ot. BítaJiexe ot, b/rajin ot. BBn^y, b CHJiy, b TeneHne, BCJieztcTBHe, b KanecTBe bo Bpe.Ma, Biuioxb no, Biipe^b ÄO, 3a cLier, ncxojia H3. Hannuafl c. HejaBiicHMO ot. He CHHTaa, no Mepe, no piynaio;
	
XlaTenbHbiH naAoic	6jiaroaapH, BonpeKH, k, HaBCTpeny, no. noAoGuo, npHMeHHTejibHo       k.       corjiacHO, cooopa3HO. cooTBCTCTBeHHO, copa3MepHo. cyA« no;
BMHHTeJlbHblH naAe>K	b, BKjnoHaa, Ha, HecMOTpa Ha, HeB3npaa Ha, 3a, o, no, noA, npo, c, ck03b, cnycTa, CHHTaa. nepe3;
llpeflJIOKHbIH naíie>K	(ynoTpeojiaeTca Bcer^a c npeA-noroivi) b, Ha, o (06), no, iipn;
TBOpHTeJIbHbIH naaoK	b cbh3h c, BMecxe c, BcneA 3a, 3a, KOHHaa, \ie>i<, MeiKAy, HaA, HapaBHe c, Hapa^y, HannHaa, nepeA, iioa, phaom c, C, CJieAOM 3a, COBMCCTHO C, COTJiaCHO C. CpaBHHTCTIbHO c.
2)  flpeAJiorn, ynoTpeGjiHioiunecH c AByiviH iia.u-vicauii:
B	c BHHHxejibHbíM naAOKOM   +   npeA.no>KHbiM naAe>KOM
33	c bhhh rejibHHM naAOKOM   +   TBopHTenbHbíM naAe>í<OM
ivieacAy	C pOAHTejlbHMM naAOKOM    +    TBOpHTejlbHbl.m naAOKOM
na	C BHHHTCHbHblM naAOKOM    +    npeAJlOKHbl.m IiaAe)KOM
0	c bhhh rcjibHbíM naAe>KOM   +   npeAiio>KHbiM naAOKOM
noA	C BHHHTeJIbHblM naAOKOM     +    TBOpHTeJlbHblM liaAOKOM
3) flpeAJiorn, yno rpe6.riHiomnecfl c xpeivia naAOKaivm:
no	c AaTejibHbíM naA. + BHHHrejibHbíM naA- + npeAJio^iaibíM naA-
c	c poAHTejibHbíM naA- + BHHHTenbHbíM naA- + TBopHTenbHbíM naA-
4) ripeA^orn, KOiopbie jihďo Gjiiokh no n ta wcn 111<>, jih6o nocjie nnx ynoTpeĎJiceTCH oahh h tot ace naAeac, nanp.:
H3-3a + Hí-noA	c poAHTenbHbíM naAe>KO\i
0T + H3	C pOAHTeJlbHblM naAOKOM
V + OKOJIO	c poahTejibHbíM naAe>KOM
k + no	c AaTejibHbíM naAOKOM
Hepe3 + CKB03b	C BHHHTeJIbHblM naAOKOM
nepeA + Me/KAy	C TBOpHTeJlbHblM naAC/KOM