ME^KJOMETMii
MeacaoMeTHeM Ha3biBaercn nacrb penn, koiopan cnyjKHT hjih BbipaHceHun pa^JiHHHbix nppc/KHB;iHiiií. HyBCTB h Bo.ieBbix noôv/KaeHHH. HanpnMep: ax!, y!, ara!, 3!
Ax, kúk h cnacmmiea! fnyBCTBO paflOCTnj Ou, kqk juoÓJiiomeÔH, dopozou juoä! fBOcropr) 3u, cbwoK, Houdé.v! fnpn3biBJ. Oaho h to »ce MOKAOMerae movkct Bbipa>KaTb pa3JiHHHbie nyBCTBa, Hanp., pa^ocTb, yanBjíeHne, raeB (o!, ax!, ôaxce moú!). 3™ ottchkh OTpaacaiOTca b
HHTOHaUHH.
KjiaccH(f)HKauHS[ Me>K,iioMeTHH npoBO^HTca no pa3HbiM KpHTepnnM, Hanp. no cnocoôy o6pa30BaHHH aejiPíM MeoKaoMeruji Ha:
a) nepBHHHbie (nepBooôpa30BaTejibHbie): ax, o,y<p, mcpy, jú, ou yít.jx.
6) BTopHHHbie (npoH3BOflHbie) - ôedq!, ue c.weu! ľocnodu! Bom eufé! 3dpacmeyiime!
IIo iiiaMťiiiiio mojkho mokjíomcthh pa3flejiHTb Ha:
1. 3MomioHa.ibHbie (BbipaíKaiomHe pa3Hbie nyBCTBa n HacTpoeHne: ox, ox, ax, ou,
zxt, ozo, ypa, óoj/ce mou! (py, en ôozy!, da nem!, dydm (honby)!
2. HivinepaTHBHbie, t.e. noBejinTejibHO-noôyiurrejibHbie, Bbipa>KaK)inHe npnKa3,
bojik), noóy>KíieHHe - sa.iu! zon-zon! Hy! Aiida! ľeú mu!
3. 3ByKonoapa>KaTejibHbie (zvukomalebná), noApa^Kaiomne ranocaM xnBOTHbix
HjiH HanoMHHaromne pa3Hbie 3BynaHH» b npnpoae: vy-Ky, 6au, Hui-Hui-Mui!, ôyx, mpax, Kympexy, Mgy-Aigy, Kyd-Kyd-Kydax!
1. K 3M0UH0HaJ1bHbIM MOKjJOMCTHJIM, Bbipa>KaK)mHM pa3Hbie nepe>KHBaHHH,
othochtch BOCKjiHuaHna: ox, ox, 3x, au, ou, a, o, (py, yx.
- Meac^oivieTHe ax, KpoMe paaocTH moäct Bbipa>KaTb n yauBjíeHne (Ax, jmozo eu ne 3Hgjiu?), co>KajreHne (Ax, mu jkojiko!), CTpax (Ax, Kax cmpaumo!) h ap
- MejK^OMeTHe ox Bbipa>KaeT co>KajieHne, HyBCTBO 6ojih, Hanp.: Ox, kok mxopouio ecé nojiynwiocb!
- Co>KajreHHe h ynpéK Bbipa>KaeT MOKaoMeTHe jx. 3x, ne eesém Mne! 3x, mu! (Ty j si ak!).
- BocKjinnaHna au, ou ynoTpeGjiíHOTCH asm Bbipa>KeHHa ncnyra, onaceHHa hjih nyBCTBa 6ojih. Ou, óorocb! Au, ôonbno! Ou, ôedg, onosdaeM!
- MoK^OMeTne a Bbipa>KaeT oôbinHO aoraflKy, CBH3aHHyio c yzniBjíeHneM: A, eom oho umo!
- Iloxoacee 3HaneHne HMeeT n MeoKAOMeroe aza. Aza, nonmino.
Me>KflOMeTHe (py, nupy (fuj) name Bcero ynoTpeÔJiHeTCH fljia Bbipa>KeHnji oTBpaineHHH h npe3peHH5i: 0y, mKOú mu zpg3nuú! 0y, KaKou mu npomumuu! 0y, kokoh zadocmb! (To je ah hnusné!).
KpoMe npocTbix BOCKjinnaHnn, Bbipa>KaK>inHx pa3Hbie nepe>KHBaHHa, k MOKaoMernaM OTHOCHTCH oomenpnHflTbie cjiOBa h Bbipa>KeHMfl, KOTopwe ynoTpeÔJiflíOTCsi npn B3anMHOM oômeHHH jnoaeň (do ceuôauuRl, U3euuume!, cnacuôo!, 3dpaecmeyume!).
B 4>yHKUHH MOKflOMeTHH BbicrynaKyr cjiOBa ApyrHX nacren penu, KOTOpbie b TaKnx
CJiyHaHX yTpaHHBaiOT CBOK) HOMHHaTHBHyK) (pyHKUHK) H BbinOJIHHK>t 3KCnpeCCMBHVK3 (|)yHKUHK).
TaKOBbi, Hanpmviep, cymecTBHTejibHbie: ôedql, 6o.we mou! ymac!', tcoutMop!,
KpuuiKa! (konec, amen), Mamy uí ku mou! h ji h raarojibHbie cjiOBa: eajiu! (kliď se!), ne cMeu! (opovaž sel, npocmu!, ôpbicb! (jedeš:)
6pocb!(nech toho!), 3dpacmeyůme! hjih HapeHna: no.iHo!, 3dgpoeo!, cMeuiuq! dosaibuo!
h Taoce HHOCTpaHHbie cnoBa: annol, 6uc!, ópaeo!, Kapayii! (pomoc!), aůda! (pojďme!), 6acma! h uejibie (j)pa3eojiorH3Mbi:
Hepm noôepu!, Bom meóe u na! Bom meôe u pm! (tu to máš!), Bom ne 6bi.io nenaiu!
(čert nám to byl dlužen!).
2. liivinepaTHBHbie MOKflOMeTHH cocTaBjífliOT ocooyio rpynny - ohh BbipaJKaiOT npn3bm npnKa3, bojik) hjih no6y>KzieHHe k achctbhk), okjihk, 30b nrau,, ahbothmx:
3ú, cviJio, ay (rrpH nepeKjíHKaHHn),
cmon! auda (jdeme)!,
Mapui! do.iou! (pryč, dolu s)!,
ny-Ka, Kapayji!, 3u, umo moM? (Hej, kdo je tam?),
kuc-kuc-kuc (či-či-či)!, uibin-uíbin-uíbin (pi-pi-pi)! meza-meza-meza (husa, husa, hejha,hejha)!;
ymb-ymb-ymb (kač-kač-kač)! r on, zon szeií (hop, hop, hopla)! Ui>m (vu/g.kuš)!'; mc! mu! uiiu (ticho, pst)!; uy (no)!, uy-uy (no tak)!, eou (ven)!,
eíLiu (liybaj)!, Míipiu!, ny (tss, poslouchej)!
3. 3Byicono,npa5KaTejibHbie cjiOBa BOcnoH3BoaaT (reprodukuj í) kphkh jkhbothwx h riTHu, noapa>KařOT hx rojiocaM, HanoMHHaioT pa3Hbie 3BynaHH5i b npnpojae, BocnpoH3BojiaT 3ByKH npeziMeroB, hbjichhíi npupoflw h t.n. B pa3Hbix JBbiKax ohh 3BynaT no-pa3HOMy (nynapeKy = kikiryky; Kyd-Kyd-Kydax= kokodák).
IlpHMepbi: Ky-tiy (KyxyuiKa), ma-nea (jimytum), May-Mny (KouiKa), My-y (Kopoea), Kcipp-Kapp (eopoua), xpio-xpto-xpto (ceimbg), u-u-zo-zo (pjtcamie Jioutadu), huk -nu-puu (eopoôeii), muK-maK, muK-maK (uacu); dunb-6oM,duiib-dqH (nacu na oqume - him-bam); duHb-dunb, duHb-duub-duub (cink,cink, cink, cilililink); xa-xa-xa (eecéjiuu CMex), xu-xu-xu (exuÔHbiii CMex).
K 3ByKonoapa>KaTejibHbiM cjiOBaM npHMbiKaeTca rpynna rjiaroJibHbix mokhomctuh,
OTJIHHaiOmaflCfl TeM, hto 3THM MOKZIOM6TH5JM npHCyiUH npH3HaKH h MOKflOMeTHH
(3KcnpeccHBHOCTb), h rjiarojiOB (3aMCTHa (poprvia npouieflmero BpeMeHH, bha h t.n.). ripHMepbi: depz (chňap, raj), Mopz (mrk), npbiz (skok), huk (šmik), hmok (mlask - zvuk prii polibku), uuen (plác), u,an (chňap, chlamst), mpax (bác, prásk, bum, rach), CKpun (skřip); 6au.(prásk, bác,bum), 6ax (plác, buch), 6pnK(břink, cvak, cink), 36HK(bňnk, cvak, cink), myK(ťuk), xjon (plesk, prásk), u{ě\i.K(cvak, plesk, lusk, mlask), uiacmb (šup, šups), ui6bipK(mrsk, říz), xnon (prásk, plesk).