nPEAMET MOP<l:>OnOrV1V1
Mopcponorua - 4aCTb s:t3bIK03HaH~s:t,HayK~ o sasuce. OCHOBHO~ ep,~H~l..\e~ s:t3blKa
sanaercs C Jl o B o. <l:>oHeT~Ka3aH~MaeTCs:t 3ByKOBO~ 060Jl04KO~ CJlOBa, nexcakonoras
~HTepecyeTCs:t CJlOBOMC T04K~ 3peH~s:t ero 3Ha4eH~s:t (conepxaxue, rppaaeonorua),
C~HTaKC~C paccuarpasaer npennoxeuae. Moprponorus ~HTepecyeTCs:t CJlOBOMC T04K~
3peH~s:t ero C o C TaB a, T. ecrs B'blp,eJleH~eM B cnoae 3Ha4~MbIX 4aCTe~, ~ ziaěr
nonpočayio xapaxrepacruxy rpaMMaT~4eCK~x B03MO>KHOCTe~CJlOBa.
Mopcpononul paCCMaTpHBaeT:
~aCTH pe~H, T.e. pa3ps:tp,bl cnos, Op,HOpOp,HbIXno csoeuy CJlO>KeH~to,~3MeHeH~to, 3Ha-
4eH~to ~ C~HTaKC~4eCK~M B03MO>KHOCTs:tM.
rpaMMaTH~eCKHe xareropaa (xemeeopust pooa, «ucne, neoex«, ooyuieenénnocmu u
neočyuieeněunocmu ~ p,p.).
napaAHrMaTHKY ~aCTeH pe~H (CKJ70HeHUe~ cnpsocenue).
B Mopcponor~~ onacsraarorcs C~CTeMbl cpOpM, no KOTOpblM ~3MeHs:ttoTCs:tcnosa.
Tpap,~I..\~OHHO B MopcpOJlOr~to exruo-raior TaK>Kecnoaoočpaaoeaaae (tvoření slov). (Hanp.
600~ 600y''1Ka,600RHQU, Ha600H8.mb ~ T.n.).
COCTAB CnOBA
MopcpeMHaSl cTpYKTYpa cnoaa. BHAbl MopcpeM
Ilpu conocraeneaua Op,H~XCJlOBC p,pymM~ nerxo 06HapY>K~Tb, 4TO orporaaoe
čonsuiaacrao ~x COCTO~T~3 -racreň, koropue BHOCs:tTB CJlOBa kaxyio-ro 4aCTb očuiero
ceMaHT~4eCKoro conepxaaas, HO caMOCTOs:tTeJlbHOHe asrcrynaior, Hanp~Mep:
SoO-.§! mpee-e nuc-e-ms
SOO-RH-QU mpaS-RH-QU npu-ny,C-bI6a-mb
SOO-RH-y.cm-bIU mpee-nu-ucm-uů nepe-ny,c-bI6a-mb-cR
Ha-soo-H-gHu-e ue-mpee-u-ms nuc-e-mens
Ha-soo-Hy.-mb-cR ~ T.n.
B np~Bep,ěHHbIX CJlOBaX nerxo Bblp,eJls:ttoTCs:top,~HaKOBble ~ pa3n~4Hble 4aCT~,
oxpyxaiouiae s:tp,poCJlOBa. Taioie 4aCT~ caMOCTOs:tTeJlbHOHe asrcrynaior, 3Ha4eH~e csoě
~MetoT ronsxo B COCTaBe l..\eJlbHblX cnos.
Bblp,eJls:teMas:t nop,06HblM aHaJl~30M H a ~ M e H b W a s:t 3 H a 4 ~ M a s:t 4 a C T b
CJlOBa B nnase Bblpa>KeH~s:t,COOTHOC~Mas:tnpa 3TOM C HeKOTopblM OTTeHKOM3Ha4eH~s:t B
nnase conepxaaua, Ha3b1BaeTCs:tMOpcpOM.
MOpcpbl paanavarorca K o p H e B bl e, C KOTOpbIM~ CBs:t3aHOOCHOBHoe nexcu-recxoe
3Ha4eH~e cnosa, ero ceMaHT~4eCKoe s:tp,po(cp. B npnraepax xopueesie MOpcpbl ~n~ npOCTO
KOpH~ 600-, mpee-, nuc-), ~ a cp cp ~ K C a Jl b H bl e (acpcp~KCbl) (sce ocransuue 4aCT~
CJlOB B aaumx np~Mepax).
3
Kopaeaure MOpcpbl (KOpH~)
(Slovní základ, kmen)
Ko easre opcps: očsaarensaue Aml Ka>KAoro cnosa 1-1Ka>KAo!lí ero OTAenbHo!lí
cnos bl, oryr CaM1-1V1HorAa npencraanars cnoso 6e3 1-1HbIXacpcp1-1KCOS, aanp.: zoo,
po, 6, cad 1-1T. A. K o p e H b pycCK1-1X cnos, KaK npasano, o A H o C n o >KH bl !Ií.
o >K H bl e KOpH1-1aanp. eortoe-e, npu-eopoč-nuů, oopoz-Qu, Q3ep-0, xonoo-u-uů,
6gpez-, emeepe-, sgl./ep-, cgsep-. >Kenyo-, mottop-, c§!xap-, H.ZOO-1-1HeCKonbKO
no.o"CTI"OB APymx čonee peAKV1x KopHe!lí co cnačoň llaCTOTHOCTblO. Kopaeň T p ě x bl
X OlleHb Mano: 3TO KOpH1-1TaKV1X cnos, KaK KQnoKon-, 6apa6§.H-, KapaHo§.w-,
1
<l>neKc~HHble MOpcpbl (oKOHl.faH~H)
neKcV1!1íHble MOpcpbl cnyxar An~ pa3n1-111eH1-15=1ornensuux cpOpM cnosa - naaexa,
cna, pona, nV14a Y rnaronos (cp. SOO-!!, -hl, -e ... SQOhl, SQoaM; KP§.CHhlií, -en, -oe, -hle; 51
eynB.lO, -eius, -em, -eM ..). TaKV1e cpneKcV1!1íHble MOpcpbl (o K o H li a H 1-15=1)CT05=lTHa KOH4e
ornensasrx cnosorpopu cnoaa, nocrie HV1XMOryr S pyCCKOM 5=l3blKe CT05=lTbronsko MOpcpbl
-CR, -c» V1-me, Ha3blsaeMble nocrcpaxcaraa, aanp. sepHymb-cR, eepny-cs; nouoeM-me.
C!leAYIOIllI1H npl1Mep noxaasraaer pasaoočpaaae CI1HTaKCI14eCKI1XoTHOWeHI1H,xoropsre MOlKeT Bblpa311Tb OKOH4aHl1e:
60nbW-
v'
Manb'lHK- Aan- ManeHbK- Sl6noK-
60!lbWOH MaJlb411K AaJl MaJleHbKoMy ~6!lOKO
60!lbWoMy MaJlb'lI1KY AaJl MaJleHbKHH ~6!lOKO
60!lbWOMY MaJlb411KY Aa!l MaJleHbKOe ~6!lOKO
60!lbWOMy MaJlb411KY AaJlH MaJleHbKOe ~6!lOKO
60!lbWHM MaJlb'lI1KaM AaJlH ManeHbKHe ~6!lOKH
npecp~KcanbHble MOpcpbl (npecpHKCbl)
ředpony)
pecp1-1KCanbHble MOpcpbl CTO~T nepen KopHeM (cp. s HawV1X npV1Mepax Ha-so.O-H-gHu-e,
§.s-u-mb, npu-nuc-uee-nn; V1TA). Y onuoro 1-1roro >Ke cnoaa, rnaSHblM 06pa30M
onos, MOryr 6blTb Asa V1TP1-1npecpaxca, HanpV1Mep, nepe-pec-xoč-oe-e-ms, eoc-npose-mu,
no-npu-čepw-e-mu, eoe-ne-ne-euč-e-m», He-Boc-npo-u3-S00-YM-bIU V1T.n.
- e scero, oAHaKo, s pyCCKOM ~3blKe ecrpevarorca OAHo3neMeHTHble npecpV1KCbl, KaK
H:ér;,'ll'~vnb, BMnucamb, nepenucems; omnucems 1-1T.n., OH1-1COCTaSn5=llOT oxcno 90 %
es pecpV1KCa41-11-1.
Cylctxt:.KK.'CanbHbleMOpcpbl (cycpcpHKCbl)
( í přípony)
Cyqx;~{l<[CanbHble MOpcpbl - 3TO MOpcpbl, HaXOA5=lll.IV1eC5=IMe>KAY KopHeM 1-1cpneKC1-1!1íHblM
4
MOpcpOM, T.e. OKOH4aHVleM(cp. B aaumx npuvepax eOO-RH-QU,eOO-RH-!!.cm-bIU,ttepe-nucetes-ms-cn).
Y cnos C HyneBo~ cpneKCVle~, KaKKPUK-Y.H,mpy6-!ill, nee-~4 VIT.n., CycpcpVlKCbl
CTOHTB KOH4e cnce. Ilpocroň CycpcpVlKCB pyCCKOM H3blKe VlMeeT 06bl4HO BVlA cnora, aanp..
npocm-et; COKon-!!.H-bIU,nucm-ou-e«, nycm-B,K - nycm-RlI-QK, yl..{-eH-.!!,lI-ecms-o VIT.n.
~HTep(lnfKCanbHble MOpcpbl ("HTepCP"KCbl)
V1HTepcpVlKcanbHble MOpcpbl esrcrynaior Me>KAYAByMH KopHeBblMVI MopcpaMVI, KaK Hanp.:
3eMn-e-nQnb30eaHue, 6on-e-ymonE.IOUI,Uu,seun-e-mpsiceuue, eoo-o-cHa6>K§.HueVIT. n.
MopcpeMa
Ornensaere BVlAbl MOpcpOB, 06beAVlHěHHble OAVlHaKOBOCTblOcsoeň cpyHK4V1V1B
Ka4eCTBe KOpHH, nperpaxca, cycpcpVlKca vmVl VlHTepcpVlKca, C4V1TaIOTCHOAVlHaKOBblMVI,Aa>Ke
ecnn OHVIno caoeray 3ByKOBOMy ocpopMneHVlIO B paaaux cny-rasx ynorpečneaas HeCKonbKO
pa3nVl4a1OTCH. n03TOMy C4V1TaIOTCHTO>KAeCTBeHHbIMVI(totožný, shodný) MOpcpbl VIB HOBblX
npoassonuux (odvozených) cncsax, KaKPYK-§/PYlI-H-Qulpy.lI-K-alebl-PYlI-u-mb;
pa3-6.!!,-mblpa30-6b-lOlpa3-6Qu (loupež); xod-y.-mbleoc-xo>Kd-§.-Hu-elno-xQd-H-bIU;
nu-mblnb-lOlnb-E.H-uu,-a-leoo-o-nQu (napajedlo). Taxue BVlAoVl3MeHeHVlHMOpcpOB npVl
cnOBOVl3MeHeHVlHX VIcnoBoo6pa30BaHVIVI npoacxonsr no 3ByKoBblM 3aKOHaM AaHHoro
H3b1Ka. HeCMOTpH Ha ece nOAo6Hble Vl3MeHeHVlH, B03HVlKaeT 06061..4ěHHoe npencraeneane
06 OAHOpoAHblX Mopcpax - cp.pyK-Ipyl..{-,xoo-lxo>Ko-,nu-lnb-l-nou VIT.n.) Takue
"\
06061..4ěHHble npencraeneuas 06 OAHOpOAHblX Mopcpax C VlXBVlAOVl3MeHeHVlHMVIHa3blBaeM
Mopcf>eMaM".
MopcpeMbl 6blBalOT C n o B o o 6 pa 3 o B a Ten b H bl e (slovotvorné) - OHVI
cnyxar AnH 06pa30BaHVlH HOBblX cnos VI C n o B o VI3 M e H VITen b H bl e (flektivní)cnyxar
AnH Vl3MeHeHVlHcnos (ohýbání slov), supaxas pasxsre rpaMMaTVl4eCKVle 3Ha4eHVlH
- naaexa, 4V1cna, pona, nuua, BVlAa, BpeMeHVI VIT.n.
Bo scex cnyvasx cnOBOVl3MeHeHVlH Mbl BCTpe4aeMCH C nOHHTVleM o C H o B bl (slovní
základ, kmen). OCHOBa - Ta 4aCTb cnosa, KOTOpa$1oCTaěTCH no OTAeneHVIVIOKo~aHVlH VI
nocrcpaxca, aanp.: WKQny - OCHOBa uiuon-; ocmetocts - OCHOBa octne-, pyK-~ py'lIK-a;
V1HorAa B CVlCTeMe cnOBOVl3MeHeHVI$1oziaoro VIroro xe cnoaa sucrynaror ABe, Aa>Ke rpa
OCHOBbl:dae!!-mblda-g MambIM!!mep-U; 6pa-mbI6ep-y; 3a-mepe-mbI3a-mp-y/3a-mep.
5
L{em!2]pe, mpemuů, mpQe, oOy'HHaou,amb.
4ACTVI PE4V1
CnOBa no V1X3HaLleHVlto V1portu B npeAnO)f(eHVIVI (větě) AenmCrI Ha:
c a ra o C T o rI Ten b H bl e (3HaMeHaTenbHble) V1 c n y x e 6 H bl e.
CaMOCTOrlTenbHble cnoaa očoaua-raior npeAMeTbl, npVl3HaKVI,AeCkTBVle, BpeMrI VIT.n.
V1r1BnrltoTCrI B npeAnO)f(eHVIVI ero LlneHaMVI: Ha cmorte ne:>K§f1uHmepgcHblu >KYPH§f1,
KomQPblu R eU{e He npovén.
Cny>Ke6Hble cnoaa nosasuearor OTHoweHV1e Me~y 3HaMeHaTenbHblMVI cnOBaMV1 VlnVl
OTAenbHbIMV1npeAnO)f(eHV1r1MV1(s, Ha, He, unu, 6bl, nu V1AP.). Cny)f(e6Hble cnosa He
r1BnrltoTCrI LlneHaMVI npennoxeuas: M HUKmQ Ha ceerne ne yMgem n'ťL{we nec cMeHmbCR u
mo6!!.mb.
KaK cavocroarensuue, TaK V1cnyxečusre cnosa AenrlTCrl Ha rpynnsi, xoropsie
aaeuearorcs li a C T H M H P e li H. 4aCTe~ peLlVl B pyCCKOM r13blKe AeCrlTb:
1. ~MH cyinecrewrerusaoe
(podstatné jméno)
2. ~MH npanararemsaoe
(přídavné jméno)
3. ~MH liHcnHTenbHoe
(číslovka)
4. MecToHMeHHe (zájmeno)
5. Fnaron (sloveso)
6. Hapeuae (příslovce)
7. Ilpenncr (předložka)
8. COH>3 (spojka)
9. Me>KAoMeTHH (citoslovce)
10. l.JacTH1-'bl(částice)
YL{eHy'K, MOnOOe:>Kb,OKH~ KHy.ea, meněnor:
XOPQWUU, eecěnuů, MonooQu, Kpacy'sblu.
R, mu, MOU, ;?mom, «mo-mo, KaKQU.
nnoxo, SCIOoy, eog-mo, KOeO§!.
om, U3, QKono, čn», 6e3, s. Ha.
a, u, HO, nomouy, urno, xomH, 00, ngpeo ..
ex, OX,ypa, mcfJy, mcc.
He, HU, sce, 6bl, nuuns, -CR, -mo, -Hu6'ťOb.
CaMOCTOrlTenbHblMVI (3HaMeHaTenbHbIMVI) cnOBaMV1 r1BnrltoTCrI:
cyiuecmeumenunue, npunseemenusue, -ucnumenutue, MecmOUMeHUR, eneeonu u
epevu«.
K Cn1)f(e6Hb1M cnoaav OTHOCrlTC51npečnoeu, COlO3bl u uecmuuu.
očyio rpynny očpasyror Me:>KOOMemuR.
Bce caMOCT051TenbHble cnosa, sa V1CKntoLleHV1eMHapeLlV1~, ssnasorca
3 e H 51e M bl M V1 LlaCT51MVIpe4V1 «ohybné slovní druhy); cny)f(e6Hble cnosa, a raiose
G. e Y15lV1Me~OMeTVlrI r1BnrltoTCrI H e V13 M e H rI e M bl M VI LlaCT51MVIpe-ra.
6
I.1MeHeM cy~ecTBHTenbHblM Ha3blBaeTCH "IaCTb pe"lH, KOTopaH 0603Ha"laeT
npeAMeT. npeAMeTOM B rpaMMaTHKe Ha3blBaeTCH BCe TO, O "leM MO)f{HO cnpocjrns
K T O 3 TO? HnH "I T O 3 TO? Cyuiecrearensasre MOryT V1MeTb caMble paaacočpaaasre
3Ha4eHV1~, Hanp. MOryT 0603Ha4aTb Ha3BaHV1~ nlOAeC1 (omgL{, epe», yl./!d.menb, nnQmHUK),
>KV1BOTHbIX,nTV14, aacexorasrx (KQWKa, 6§.60I./Ka, necmo-nce, )l('ýK, U<.ťKa),
BeLl.\eC1( KHy'ea, I./acg WKacp, n§.pma) ,
paCTeHV1C1,MV1HepanOB (6epe3a, MeOb, )/(eng30, epaHy'm),
~BneHV1C1 npuponu, 06Ll.\eCTBeHH0C1 >KV13HV1,C06bITV1~ (ep03~ eeuep, 3UM~ 60UH§j,
npV13HaKOB, CBoC1cTB (eny6uH~ meMHom~ I./gcmHocmb, xp§.6pocmb),
BHYTpeHHV1X nepe>KV1BaHV1C1(p§.Oocmb, eope, 2He6, 60cmQPe),
AeC1cTBV1~ V1COCTO~HV1C1(nn§.6aHbe, pblmbe, 60ng3Hb, COH).
I.1M7JCYLUECTBI.1TEflbHOE
rPAMMATVl4ECKVlE KATErOPVlVl VlMEH CYLl\ECTBVlTEnbHbIX
OCHOBHbIMV1 KaTeropV1~MV1 V1MeHV1cyuiecrswrensaoro ~Bn~IOTC~ p o A, 4 V1C n o,
n a A ex V1xareropas o A Y w e B n é a H o C T V1 V1 H e o A Y w e B n ě s H o C T V1.
Jhočce CYLl.\eCTBV1TenbHoe (sa V1CKnIOLieHV1eM Tex, xoropsie ynorpečnsnorcs ronsxo B
MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4V1cne) OTHOCV1TC~ K OAHOMY V13rpex pOAOB: My>KCKOMy, >KeHCKoMy V1nV1,
cpenaevy.
Ka>KAoe CYLl.\eCTBV1TenbHoe HaxoAV1TC~ B cpopMe eAV1HCTBeHHoro V1nV1 MHO>KeCTBeHHoro
4V1cna, npV14ěM 60nbWV1HCTBO cyuiecraarertsasrx ynorpečnaercs KaK B eAV1HCTBeHHOM, TaK
V1B MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4V1cne, HO aexoropsre ynorpečnsnorcs ronsxo B BV1Ae eAV1HCTBeHHoro
4V1cna s i g u I a r i a. t a n t u m, APyrV1e ronsko B MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4V1cne p I u r a I i a
ta nt u m.
Bce cyuiecrearensxue ynorpečnsucrcs B TOM V1nV1 V1HOM nanexe - B pyCCKOM ~3blKe
uiecrs naAe>Ke~:
l-1MeHV1TenbHblC1 Kmo? lImo? (nominativ)
POAV1TenbHbIH Koeo? lIeeo? (genitiv)
)J.aTenbHblC1 KOMy? lIeMy? (dativ)
BV1HV1TenbHbl~ Koeo? -lmo? (akuzativ)
npeAnO>KHbl~ (o) KOM? lIeM? (Iokál)
Teoparensusrň KeM? lIeM? (instrumentál)
OCTaTKV1 searensuoro naaexa (vokativ) - rQcnoou! 6Q)/(e! J1cyce Xpy.cme! CbIHKy!
Bce naAe>KV1, KpoMe V1MeHL.1TenbHOro, Ha3bIBaIOTC~ K o C B e H H bl M V1.
no neKCV14ecKoMy V1 rpaMMaTV14ecKoMy 3Ha4eHV11O MO>KHO V1MeHa CYLl.\eCTBV1TenbHble
nOApa3AenV1TbB cneAYIOLl.\V1e rpynnu:
a) c06CTBeHHble (V1MeHa, cpaMV1nV1V1,reorpacpa-recxne Ha3BaHV1~ V1AP.),
7
6) Hapv1l~aTeJlbHble (0606Ll\ěHHble Ha3BaHIMl O,lJ,HOpO,lJ,HbIXnpenweros - K§iMeHb, c06§iKa),
B) cočapa e (coeoxynuocrs O,lJ,HOpO,lJ,HbIXnpenraeroa -cmyogH'1eCmSO, nucmee),
e) seu; te (O,lJ,HOpo,lJ,Hbleno cocrasy aeuiecrsa - MonoKQ, Cblp, c§.xap, soo§i)
,lJ,) KO e (Ha3BaHV1~ aeuieň, nV14,~BneHV1~ - cmort, KHy"ea, aO)/(Ob),
)f() o e (Ha3BaHV1~ CBO~CTB, ,lJ,e~CTBV1~,COCTOHHV1~- npuxQo, MQnooocmb, Qnblm),
3) o ble (Ha3BaHV1~ nlO,lJ,e~ V1)f(V1BbIXCYLl\eCTB - omgL{" y'1eHy"K,nmuue, nes).
Vl) eaněaasre (Ha3BaHV1~ scex npyrax npenueros - K§J.Pma,KapaHO§iW, cnos§J.Pb).
• yCCKOM fl3blKe cyuiecrsarensnue pa3nV14alOTCfI no pO,lJ,aM. Cyuiecrswrensasre
-- I M Y )f( C K o r o, )f( e H C K o r o, V1 c p e zi Her o pozia (MOU KapaHO§.W, MOR
-_eci. oe nepg).
0A V1MeHV1cyuiecrsarensaoro yauaércs no 3Ha4eHV11O V1 no OKOH4aHV11OV1nV1no
e HOMy cornacaosiy OCHOBbl ,lJ,aHHoro cnosa B cpoprae V1MeHV1TenbHoro naaexa
craeuuoro 4V1cna. cyuiecrewreneaue, xoropsre o603Ha4alOT nV14My)f(CKOrO nona,
OC~TC~ K My)f(CKOMy POAY: M'ý)K'1y"Ha,omeu; y'1y"menb, cyobH., C§.wa, ngmR, OH.OR.
Cyuiecraarertsusre. o603Ha4alOLl\V1e nV14xeucxoro nona, OTHOC~TC~K )f(eHCKoMy POAY:
uem», )/(gHUJ,uHa,y'1y"menbHUL{a, měmst, cecmpe. OAHaKo B pycckoja ~3blKe ecrs
cyuiecrearensusre, xoropsre MOryT OTHOCV1TbC~K nV14aM My)f(CKOro V1xeacxoro nona
moegputu; epe«, eeQnoe, npocpgccop, MauQP, 6uQnoe, cyObH.,§.smop, une«, ucmQPUK V1Áp.
Hanp. Ceemngue MOUnyl./wuu épy«; IJQKmop CMupHQsa, OOL@HmH§.weeo vnueepcumeme,
ecmpemune eocmeů. Ý1H)/(eHgp'ý)Kg npiuung. H§.wa epe».
O 6 Ll\ V1~ P o A sanaercs ycnoBHblM o603Ha4eHV1eM AnH rpynrus cyurecrearensxsrx,
0603Ha4alOLl\V1X 11V14My)f(CKOrO V1xeacxoro nona (OKaH4V1BalOLl\V1XC~Ha -a, -SI): cupomg,
nn§.Kca, yMHUL{a, Hesg)/(a, y6y"uL{a, 6eOHH.ea, o6)/(QPa, KpusnH.Ka, noony"3a V1Ap.
8 3aBV1CV1MOCTV1OT 3Ha4eHV1~ C04eTaIOTCs:! 3TV1cyuiecrenrensuue C npV1naraTenbHbIMV1
M~cKoro V1nV1>KeHCKOro pona: OH 6bln Kp!{ZnblM cupomoů. OH§. 6bln§. Kp!{ZnaR
cupomg.
60nbWV1HCTBO Ha3BaHV1~ )f(V1BOTHbIX,pbl6 V1nTV14, KaK Vl B 4eWCKOM ~3blKe, V1MeeT
o Hy cpOpMy AnH 060V1X pOAOB : rtucuu», MblWb, 6gnKa, KpoKoOy"n, nonye§iu, «pom V1AP.
orna OAHO cnOBO aaausaer caMKY, APyroe o603Ha4aeT caraua V1oAHoBpeMeHHo
HB eTC~ 06Ll\V1M Ha3saHV1eM AaHHoro BV1Aa)f(V1BOTHbIX- 3TO 6blBalOT Ha3BaHV1~ AV1KV1X
• Bbtx cyulec'ra: nes - nbsy"L{a (nbsbl), sonK - eon-up:« (sQnKU), opěn - opny"L{a (opn~ V1AP.
PO.q Y HeCKllOHSleMblX cyurecrewrem.asrx
HeCK1l0H~eMble cyuiecreurensuue B pyccxora ssuxe npencrasnsnor s čonsumacrae
C aes cnosa V1HO~3bI4Horo npOV1CXO)f(,lJ,eHV1~,oKaH4V1salOLl\V1ecH 06bl4HO Ha rnaCHbl~.
8
-.lil
9
K MY>KCKOMY POAY OTHOC51TC51:
1) Ha3BaH\I151 11\114(\1111\11cOBoKYnHOCT\I1 11\114):emmetue, 6yPJKY~ KOHcpepaHcbg;
2) Ha3BaH\I151 >K\I1BbIXcYLl\eCTB: KeHcypy, KaKaoy, KonY..6pu, wUMnaH3§t., nonu;
3) reorpacpa-recxae Ha3BaH\I151: (cQPoo) 6PHQ., TQKUO, (Qcmpos) 6opHgo \11AP.
4) l.{epHb/u KQcpe (B pasroaopaoň pe4\11 l.{epHOe, pacmsopy"Moe KQcpe).
K >KeHCKoMY POAY OTHOC51TC51:
1) Ha3BaH\I151 11\114>KeHCKOro n011a: MUCC,MY..CCUC,Mao§.M, cppy, ngou; >KeHCK\I1e
cočcrseaasre \I1MeHa \11cpaM\I111\11\11:6gmcu, M~u, KapMgH, Py"l/l/U, Tsmuep, U6ceH;
2) reorpacpa-recxae Ha3BaH\I151: (pes«) Muccypu, Muccucunu, (eope) KunUMaHO)f(§PO;
3) HeKoTopble APyr\l1e: 6~u-6~u (6one3Hb), Konbp§.6u (Kanycma), aseH!2.;
K cpeziaeuy POAY OTHOC\I1TC516011bW\I1HCTBO HeCK110H51e blX cy~eCTB\I1Te11bHbIX Ha -o:
nanbmQ., mop§t., KaK§.O,pacy, oenQ., WOCC§t.,KYn§t.,maKCy'" UHmepSbfO - MapwpymHoe
maKCy'" SKY.CHoenfOp§t.,uumepecnoe UHmepSbfQ,HQsoe nanbmQ.
OnpeAeneHMe pona cy~ecTBMTenbHblX no OKOH4aHMJO
POA CYLl\eCTB\I1Te11bHbIX, xoropsie He 51B1151toTC51Ha3BaH\I1e 11IOAeM, MO>KHO yasars no
OKOH4aH\I151M \1111\11no KOHe4HblM cornaCHblM OCHOBbl B V1MeHHTe11bHOM naaexe
eA\I1HCTBeHHoro 4\11C11a.K \I1MeHaM M Y >KC K o r o pona OTHocmC51 CYLl\eCTB\I1Te11bHble 6e3
OKOH4aH\I151 B \I1MeH\I1Te11bHOM naaexe eA. 4\11C11a,\I1MelOLl\l-1e B KOH4e OCHOBbl:
1) TBěpAblH cornacasrě: 3asQo, oy6, KapaHo§.w ; TaK>Ke epev, rty», 6opw" moegpuui;
2) -H: Kpau, My3gU, mpaMs§.u, nponemepuů;
3) MHrKMH cornacHblH: K§.MeHb, OO)f(Ob.
K VlMeHaM >Ke H C K o r o pona OTHOC51TC51CYLl\eCTBVlTe11bHble C OKOH'-IaHVl51MVI:
1) -a: cmeH~ WKQna, 6b/cmpomg
2) -H: HeognR, peBonfOu,uR;
3) 4aCTb CYLl\eCTB\I1Te11bHbIX Ha -b: QceHb, mempgč», pO>Kb.
K cpe A H e M Y pOAY OTHOC51TC51cyuiecraarensasie C OKOH'-IaHl-151Ml-1:
1) -o: ogno, nepQ., crtoeo;
2) -e, -ě: c~ou,e, Cl/§.cmbe, cb/pbe;
3) CYLl\eCTB\I1Te11bHble Ha -MH: 3H§.MR,nn§.MR, 6pgMR, SpgMR, nngMR, CgMR, y"MR, cmpgMR,
Sb/MR, mgMfI.
Onpeneneuae pona cyurecraarensusrx Ha -b
CYLl\eCTB\I1Te11bHble, OKaH'-I\I1BalOLl\VleC51 Ha -b, MOryT 6blTb MY>KCKOro Vl11V1xeucxorc
pona. POA TaKVlX CYLl\eCTBVlTe11bHbIX MO>KHO onpenerurrs: a) no cpopMe CB513aHHbIX C HVlM
C110B: no Q3epy nntan 6!!nblU n!!6edb; 6) Vl3 conOCTaB11eH\I151 C '-IeWCKVlM: oeHb -den, «ccm»
- kost, OOI.{b-dcera, ongHb - jelen, notcomt» -Ioket, cQny6b - holub; B) no pOA\I1Te11bHoMY
2. ŮTBIle4ěHHble cyuiecrsarensaere (abstrakta), 0603Ha4a1OLlI~e OTBIle4ěHHble nOH~T~~:
~ _ očocme, cmepo cms, cM!2..nocmb, npuxQo, 6HUM§.Hue, Qnb/m, KOMy'3M, cnetiomg,
3H§.,mepn!2..Hue, cuex, pUCK, xQnoo, epycm», 6n§.zo, zQPe ~ AP.
nanexy eA~HcTBeHHoro 4~CIla: menu - m!2..HU (>KeHCK~~POA), KOHb - KOH!!.(MY>KCKO~POA).
Y 60Ilbw~HcTBa CIlOB Ha -b POA coenaaaer C pOAOM cooTBeTcTBYIOLlI~x CIlOB B 4eWCKOM
~3bIKe. Y cyuiecrawrensasrx, OKaH4~BaIOLlI~xc~ Ha w~n~~~e ->t<, -~, -ur, -LL\, M~rK~~ 3HaK
naurercs TO b B TOM CIlY4ae, ecnn 3T~ CIlOBa OTHOC~TC~K )KeHCKOMYPOAY: (meog)
nQMOUJ,b,(CJ2..PaR)Mb/Wb, (meMHaH) HO%, (Mapm!2..HOSCKaH)nes». Y CYLlIeCTB~TeIlbHbIX Ha
->t<, -~'. -ui, -L4 B KOHl..\e-b He CTaB~TC~, ecnu OH~ OTHOC~TC~K My)KCKOMYPOAY:
(CQnHe H -)nyt/, (XOPQwuiJ) spali, (HOllHQU) cmQPO)/(, (měnnuů) nneui (mynQu) HO)/(.
Kareropaa 4HCIla
6 CTBOPYCCK~Xcyurecrswrensxstx ~MeeT ABa 4~CIla: e A ~ H C T B e H H o e ~
M Hec T B e H H o e. Pa3Il"1:J!'1FB ynorpečneuua xareropua 4~CIla B PYCCKO-4eWCKOM
..• -- ~--" -.,
nn 6 eM He3Ha4~TeIlbHbl. Hexoropsre cyurecrewrensasre ynorpečnsuorcs TOIlbKO B
--- - ~
HCTBeHHoro 4~CIla (6pycHy'Ka, Many.Ha, SUHOzP§'o) , a uexoropsie - TOIlbKO B
-~O>KeCTBeHHoro4~CIla (opos§., nepy.na, lIepHy'~a). B zipeenepyccxoe ~3blKe
I<alie40PJI\}i 4~CIla 6blIla rpéxvneaaoň - cyuiecrsoeana cpOpMbl ABo~cTBeHHoro 4~CIla AIl~
a eH~~ AByX rtpenveroa - cnens: 3T~X cpOpM Hanp. 60K§., 6epez§., 2l7a3§., nn!2..lIu .
9 laria tantum
YLlIecTB~TeIlbHble, He ~MeIOLlI~e cpOpM MHO)KeCTBeHHoro 4~CIla, ynorpečnarorca
~------~- Tnir
•...~'n B eA~HcTBeHHoM 4~cIle ~ o603Ha4alOT npeAMeTbl, KOTopble HeIlb3~ COC4~TaTb.
• • OTHOC~TC~:
Co6~paTeIlbHble cyuiecrearensusre (hromadná), xoropsre o603Ha4alOT MHO)KeCTBO~~
npie.,/liMeTOBKaK OAHO uence: MOnOOe)/(b, cmyO!2..HlI.ecmso, nponemepuem, nucmeg,
- Sop§., 6enbe, pOOHELM!2..nO%,Kyn!2..lIeCmso, 3!2..neHb,0P!2..WHUK~ Ap.
3. e eCTBeHHble cyuiecrswrensuue (látkové), o603Ha4alOLlI~e pasasre seuiecrsa
---
( e aIlflbl, >K~AKOCT~,nauressre npoAYKTbl ~ T A.), Ha3BaH~~ censcxoxoaaňcrseaaux~.~~
TYP. oaouieň, pacrenuň ~ AP.: )/(en!2..3o,cepe6p~ netbmu, soo§., MonoK~ eo§., ny'w,a,
§.Cf10,Cb/P, c§.xap, MEco, nweHy'u,a, KYKypy3a, c§.xapHaH ceěrne, zOPQx, MOPKQSb,
Ka~cma, Kpany'sa, CUP!2..Hb,Meo, Kpyn§., MUHo§.nb, SUH~ C!2..HO,~ AP.
B PYCCKOM~3blKe K :3TO~rpynne CYLlleCTB~TeIlbHbIX OTHOC~TC~TaK>KeHa3BaH~~ ~roA
(bobule) - Many.Ha, e)/(esy.Ka, Kf7y6Hy'Ka, 3eMnHHy'Ka, lIepHy'Ka, Kpb/)/(QSHUK, CMopQouHa,
co6up§.mb Many.HY, sapy'mb KapmQwKy.
Hexoropsre cyuiecrearensusre, o603Ha4alOLlI~e eeurecrsa, MOryT ynorpečnarsca ~
"
"
f
10
BO MHO)!(eCTBeHHOM 4lt1Cne ,Qn5'l0603Ha4eHlt15'1 a) paaasrx COpTOB, Blt1,QOBlt1nlt1Tlt1nOB
Ha3blBaeMblX BeLl!eCTB. Hanp.: MUHep§.nbHb/e 6QOb/; MaWy"HHb/e, pacmy"menbHb/e,
>KU6QmHb/eMacn§.," cmonoeste, oec~mHb/e 6y"Ha Vl Ap. 6) čortsuioň MaCCbl, 06běMa
seLl!ecTsa, Hanp.: 600§. - 6QOb/, cuee - cHee§., neCQK- necKy".
~MeHa cy~ecTBHTenbHble eAHHH4Hble
(Singulativy)
An5'l Sblpa)!(eHlt15'1o,QHoC14aCTlt14Klt1y CYLl!eCTSlt1TenbHbIX, 0603Ha4alOLl!VlX seuiecrea,
ynorpefinsnorca cycpcplt1KCbl -HH, -HHK- lt1nlt1onacarensuas cpopMa. Hanpuraep, cnoso
eopQx 0603Ha4aeT aeonpeneněaaoe KOnlt14eCTSO ropoxoasrx sépea, a 0AHO 3epHO
Ha3b1BaeTC5'I eopouiun« lt1nlt1eopQwuHKa. Apyrlt1e nplt1Mepbl: conQMa - conQMUHKa , >K!iM'We
- >KeM~YJKUHa,Kpyn§. - Kpyny"HKa, KapmQcpenb - «epmodiertune lt1,Qp..
I EAlt1Hlt14HOCTbJMO)!(eTesrpaxarsca raiose Onlt1CaTenbHOC1 cpopMoC1 npa nOM0Ll!lt1 cnos,
0603Ha4alOLl!VlX B03MO)!(HylO cpOpMy c-réra ,QaHHblx npenweros. TaKlt1Mlt1CnOBaMlt1
5'lBn5'lIOTC5'Icnosa: 8.eooa, eonoer», cmaK§.H, eonoee; wmy.Ka, n§.~Ka, lt1,Qp. Hanp.:
OOH§.8.eooa Many"Hb/, 3eMnRHy"Ku" Kny6HY..KU,~epHy"KU (jedne malina, jedna jahoda) ;
OOH§.eonQ6Ka ny.Ka, cenem« (jedne cibule, jeden salát);
OOy'HKO~§.HKany'cmb/ (hlávka zelí);
OOy'HcmaK§.H ~§.IO,~§.WKa KQcpe Oeden čaj, jedna káva);
OOH§.n§.~Ka ttenupoc Oedny cigarety), OOH§.eortoee poegmoeo CKom§. (jeden kus skotu).
Pluralia tantum
Cyuiecraarensaere, He VlMelOLl!lt1e cpOpM e,Qlt1HCTSeHHoro 4lt1Cna, xoropsre ynorpečnsnorcs
ronsxo BO MHO)!(eCTBeHHOM 4Vlcne. K Hlt1MOTHOC5'lTC5'I:
r---.
1. Ha3SaHlt15'1napxux Vl CnO)!(HbIX npeAMeToB: O~Kg 6ecg HQ>KHULI,b/,C§.HU,ep§.6nu, ~acg
eopom«, 6y'nb/, 'Ka6bI4K~, KÝP§.H;nb/, Kn!iu{u, ruteet«; c~emb/, mptg w§.xMamb/, U{unLl,b-.J;
HO cnosa čeep», nes», eesem«, nn§.mbe s pyCCKOM 5'l3bIKe, s OTnVl4VleOT -reurcxoro,
lt1MeIOT cpOpMy eAVlHCTseHHoro 4lt1Cna (dveře, kamna, noviny, šaty).
2. Ha3saHVl5'l OCTaTKOS lt1nVloT6poCOB: Qmpy6u, 06b!iOKU, oepb/3Ku, nOMQU, 6b/>KUMKUVlAp ..
í3) Ha3saHVl5'l o6p5'lAOS: uMeHy"Hb/, Kpecmy'Hb/, noxopotu«, pOOy'Hb/.
4. Ha3saHVl5'l Vlrp: w§.xMamb/, np8.mKu, >KMypKU, eop!inKu.
5. Cnoaa, xapasrepnayioume COCT05'lHlt1~np,Vlp~Abl lt1Ha3SaHlt15'1npovexyrxoe SpeMeHlt1:
cy'mKu, cy'MepKu, 3§.MOP03KU,xonooe, 6Y.OHU,KaHy"Kynb/ lt1.AP.
11
\
6. I Ha3SaHlt15'1aeuiecra, MaTeplt1anoB: ~epHy"na, Op06§., U{U, cny"6Ku, Q60U{U, CPPy'Kmb/,
(7. Hexo e očcraeuusre reorpacpa-recsae Ha3SaHIt15l: Kapn§.mb/, T§.mpb/, COKQnbHuKu,
6nbnbl, , ilapoaH§.nnb/; C03S§.30UfI 5nU3HeL@., nne3.0b/ 111AP.
e eCTSl-1TenbHbIX pluralia tantum, xoropsre uaasrearor npeAMeTbl (C§.HU,
I
HQ (3 _ma, ep§.6nu) MOryT C04eTaTbC~ C KOnl-14eCTSeHHbIMl-1 4I11Cnl-1TenbHbIMl-1: OOHy'
H • C§ u, II1nl-1co CnOSaMII1 (oziua) n a pa: (OOH§.)n§.pa HQ)f(HUU"n§.pa 6p1OK;
)KeCTSeHHoro 4111cna eupaxaercs Y HII1X c06111paTenbHblMII1 4l-1Cnl-1TenbHbIMl-1
e Q)f(HUu" caH§.u II1nll1: ose n§.pb/ caH§.u, HQ)f(HUU,.
a antum cnenyer orna-rars cnosa, npeawyuiecraeuao ynorpečnsnounsecs so
MHiO]i(ec:reeHHOM 4l-1Cne, HO l-1Metol..L\l-1e TaK)Ke cpOpMbl eAII1HCTSeHHoro 4l11cna: 6nU3HeL@.,
g cenoeu, MeOUKaM§.Hmb/ 111T.n.
OPQ>IOKU,oyxy'" KOHC§PSb/, MaKapQHb/, 6eny.na, pyM3.Ha, o6Qu 111AP. B 4eWCKOM ~3blKe s
3TOM cny-rae ynorpečnaercs eAl-1HCTseHHoe 4l-1CnO (inkoust, dřevo, smetana, zelenina,
ovoce, kvasnice, voňavka ap.
EHV1ECY~ECTBV1TEnbHbIX
Uí:)m:Ae' nOH5InUI
KnOHeHlI1e - 3TO 1I13MeHeHl-1e II1MěH no naAe)KaM. Onpenernrrs TlI1nbl CKnOHeHII1~ l-1',
II1Tb očpasus: TaK, 4To6bl oxsarstsana čonsuiee KOnll14eCTBO OAHOpOAHblX PlO
e eHl-1~M CYl..L\eCTBII1TenbHblX, He nerxo 111rnaBHblM 06pa30M nOTOMY, 4TO COBpeMeHHoe
eHlI1e pyCCKl-1X CYl..L\eCTBII1TenbHblX 51Bn~eTC5I pesyrnsrarora nonroro II1CTOpl-14eCKOro
BIifTl-1~; 3TO OCTaBlI1nO B COBpeMeHHOM ~3blKe OCTaTKII1 TlI1nOB CKnOHeHII1~, AaBHO Y)Ke He
eCTSytol..L\lI1X, Hanpll1Mep, Mamb - M§.mepu, SP§.MfI - sp§.MeHU, L(ť.oo - L(yoec§., nymb y.
- nymeM 111AP. B pyCCKl-1X rpaMMaTII1KaX sce CKnOHS1eMble cyuiecreurensusre '.
enarcs Ha T p 111C K nOH e H 111R Ilpa 1I13y4eHl-1l-1pyccxoro S13blKa KaK HepoAHoro (B
e cxoň iuxone) 06bl4HO l-13naraeTC~ CII1CTeMa CKnOHeHII1S1 CYl..L\eCTBII1TenbHblX TaK, 4TO
a3nIl14atoTC~ OTAenbHO My)KCKOe, )KeHCKOe 111cpeziaee CKnOHeHlI1e.
npl-13HaKOM An~ onpeneneaas runa CKnOHeHl-1~ ~Bn~IOTC~:
a) OKOH4aHII1e CYl..L\eCTBII1TenbHoro B l-1MeHII1TenbHOM naaexe eAII1HCTBeHHoro 4l11cna;
0.0. CYl..L\eCTBII1TenbHoro.
nepacvy CKnOHeHl-tK> OTHOC~TC~:
) CYI..L\eCTSl-1TenbHble My)KCKOrO pona 6e3 nanexuoro OKOH4aHII1~ B l-1MeHII1TenbHOM naziexe
crsexaoro 4l-1Cna (aynesoe OKOH4aHlI1e):
3asp'O, asmoM06!!nb, mpaMS!!,U, nponemgpuů
2) cyuiecrswrensuue cpenaero pona, OKaH4l11Batol..L\lI1ec~ Ha -o, -e, ě:
cnp'so, np'ne, C06p!!,Hue, eOCKpeC!Hbe
12
o BTOpOMy CKllOHeHl..••O OTHOC5'lTC5'l:
1) cyuiecrearensuue >KeHCKOro pona Ha -a, -51:
wKQna, HecJ!!nR, i!!jJMUR, (cmemug]
2) cyuiecrsjrrensasre MY>KCKOrO VI očuiero pozia Ha -a, -51, 0603Ha4alOll..\VlX m1L,J.:
IOHowa, 03.0R, B§..HR,cyOb3..
K TpeTb~My CKllOHeHHIO OTHOC5'lTC5'l:
1) cyuiecravrensuste xeucxoro pona Ha -b, ran memp!!cJb. K HVlM npnuazinexar u
cyuiecreurerusasre Mamb, OOI.{bC Vl3MeHeHVl5'lMVI B OCHOBe npu CKnOHeHVlVI (6e3 M§..mepu,
oQl.fepu);
2) cyuiecraurensaoe MY>KCKOrO pona nym» C OC06blM OKOH4aHVleM B rsoparensaora
nanexe nymeM;
3) 10 cyuiecraarenstnsrx cpezinero pona Ha -MH C Vl3MeHeHVl5'lMVI B OCHOBe npn CKnOHeHVIVI
(SP!!MR, SP!!MeHU).
na,ll,e>KHble OKOH4aHVl5'l PYCCKVlX CYll..\eCTBVlTenbHbIX pasaux CKnOHeHVI(;1 CVlnbHO
OTnVl4alOTC5'l ,ll,Pyr OT ,ll,Pyra B e,ll,VlHCTBeHHOM 4V1cne: om cmone, om n§..pmb/; K cmorty,
K nepm«. 80 MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4V1cne Me>KAY na,ll,e>KHbIMVI OKOH4aHVl5'lMVI HeT n04TVI HVlKaKo(;1
pa3HVl4bl: cmong cmyogHmbl - n§..pmbl, WKQnbHuu,bl; K CmOn!!M, K cmyogHmaM, - K
n§..pmaM, K WKQnbHuu,aM; o cmongx, o cmyoenmex, - o tigpmsx, o WKQnbHuu,ax; CmOn!!MU,
cmyogHmaMu, - n§..pmaMU, WKQnbHuu,aMU.
3 a n o M H VIT e: 8 ,ll,aTenbHOM nanexe MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna cyuiecraarensuere acex
pOAOB VlMelOT OKOH4aHL-1e -aM L-1nL-1-HM, B npennoxuov naziexe -ax, -HX, B TBOpL-1TenbHOM
na,ll,e>Ke -3MH, -HMH.
Oyuiecrenrensusre 1-oro VI 2-oro CKnOHeHL-15'lnOApa3Aen5'llOTC5'l Ha cyuiecraerensuue
C o C H o B o (;1 Ha T B ě PA bl (;1 VI M 5'1r K L-1(;1 C o r n aCH bl (;1. (3a6QcJ, a6moMo61:{nb). 8
PYCCKOM CKnOHeHL-1L-1He,ll,OnycTVlMo CMeWeHL-1e oKoH4aHVI(;1 co CM5'lr4alOll..\L-1ML-1L-1
HeCM5'lr4alOll..\L-1MVI rnaCHbIML-1. EcnL-1 cyuiecrsarensaoe npuuaanexar K TBěp,ll,OMY
CKnOHeHL-1IO,TO OHO BO acex naaexax npVlHL-1MaeT OKOH4aHL-15'lC HeCM5'lr4alOll..\L-1ML-1rnaCHbIML-1;
ecna >Ke cyuiecrsarensnoe npuuaanexar K M5'lrKOMY CKnOHeHL-1IO, B OKOH4aHL-15'lXscerna
CTOVlT CM5'lr4alOll..\L-1Ciírnacuetň: eeeoč, -a, -y - a6moMo61:{nb -R, -10.
V1CKnI04eHL-1eM 5'lBn5'leTC5'l
a) OKOH4aHVle -e B npe,ll,nO>KHOM naaexe e,ll,L-1HCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna Y CYll..\eCTBL-1TenbHbIX
rsěpnoro CKnOHeHVl5'l VI
6) OKOH4aHL-15'lCYll..\eCTBL-1TenbHbIX C OCHOBOCiíHa >K,W, 'I, ut: K§..wa,
K§..WU,K§..we, K§..Wy,K§..weu; - Me)f(f!., Me)f(!!.. Me)f(!! , Me)f(y' , Me)f(Qu.
8 npenenax oziaoro 'CKnOHeHL-15'lnaaexusre OKOH4aHL-15'lcyuiecraurensxsrx C OCHOBOCií
Ha TBěp,ll,blCií cornacustň uaxonsrcs B TBěp,ll,OM COOTHOWeHL-1V1C na,ll,e>KHbIML-1OKOH4aHL-15'lML-1
cYll..\eCTBL-1TenbHbIX C OCHOBOCiíHa M5'lrKL-1Ciícornacasrň.
13
OKOH4aHV151C TBěPAolIí ocacsoň-a -y
OKOH4aHV151C M5lrKolIí OCHOBOIií: -51 -I{)
-OM -OH
-eH
-ax
-HX
-aMl-1
-HMl-1
-bl
-l-1
-OB
-ea
-aM
-HM
CpaBHKTe: c~ - py6f18., cmya~HmaM - py6nf!.M; cm~Hbl- B]dWHU,cmeHQu - B]dWHeu,cmeH~M - B]dWHRML4T·A.
-eM
D8JOMNC;KflOHeHt.-11OOTHOC51TC51cýuiecrsarensuue MY>KCKOro pona 6e3 naAe>KHOrO
OKOti'-la:HJ45iB V1MeHt.-1TenbHOMnaaexe eAt.-1HCTBeHHoro 4V1cna: 3aSQO, eemosiočun»,
nponemep U V1CYll.\eCTSV1TeJlbHble cpenaero pona, OKaH4t.-1SalOLl.{V1eC51Ha -o,-e,-e: cnoeo,
nponem§Puu C06p§!HU-e
npcnemepu-« C06p§!H-fI
nponemgpu-to C06p§!HU-1O
nponemepu-« C06p§!HU-e
nponemepu-u C06p§!HU-U
nponem§Pu-eM C06p§!HU-eM
• CYLl.{eCTBt.-1TeJlbHble Ha -l-1H(-l-1e) l-1MeIOT s npeAJlO>KHOM naziexe eAt.-1HCTBeHHoro
.• na -l-1l-1:o caHamQPUU, o nponemepuu, o C06p§!HUU
Cyuiecrsarensaere coceč l-14epm l-1MeIOT CMewaHHoe CKJlOHeHl-1e: s eAt.-1HGTSeHHOM
e rsěpnoe, BO MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4t.-1CJleM51rKOe (cocgoa, 4epma - coceou, 4gpmu,
_ eů, 4epm~ií.
Oco6eHHOCTH naAe)f{HblX OKOH'IaHH" f-orc CKllOHeHHH B eAHHcTBeHHoM 'IHCI1e
1. o n a r e n s a u ň n a n e x Ha-Y,-I{).
exoropsre cyuiecraarensaue nepsoro CKJlOHeHl-151My>KCKOro pona, Hap51AY C 06bl4HOlií
olií Ha -a, -51, MOryr l-1MeTb OKOH4aHt.-151-y, -I{). 06pa30BaHl-1e pOAt.-1TeJlbHOrO naaexa Ha
-Y,-fO 06yCJlOSJleHO: a) 3Ha4eHt.-1eM cnosa (TOJlbKO y cnoa, He nOAAalOLl.{t.-1XC51c4ěTY),
xapakrepora YAapeHt.-151(He o6pa3yeTC51 OT CyLl.{eCTSl-1TeJlbHbIX C YAapeHt.-1eM Ha
4aHl-1t.-1),
Flepaoe CmOHeHl-1e
K
_ e, §!HUe, pY>Kbe.
- e n8Ae>KHble cpOpMbl:
38S00 8smOM06y'nb
38S00-a asmoM06y.n-fI
38SQO-Y eemossočun-to
38SQO eemouočuns
.~ ~ 38S00-e (06) asmoM06y.n-e (o)
To 38S00-0M asmoM06y'n-eM
aJ • Bl-1AHOCTb:
•
mpaMS§!U crtoe-o non-«
mpaMS§!-fI cnoe-e nQn-fI
mpaMS§!-1O cnQs-y nQn-1O
mpaMS§!U erice-o nQne
mpaMS§!-e (o) cnoe-e (o) nost-e
mpaMS§!-eM cnQS-OM non-emr
14
r
B) crpepoň ynorpečneaas (3TI-1cpOpMbl HOC~T pasroeopuyio OKpacKY).
OKOH4aHI-1~ -y, -10 MOryT I-1MeTb cnenyioume rpynnu cYLl.\ecTBI-1TenbHbIX:
• cnosa C BeLl.\eCTBeHHbIM 3Ha4eHI-1eM (npa 0603Ha4eHI-11-1 4aCTI-1uenoro), aanp,
map§.nKa cyny U (mepenx« cyn« ), cmaK§IH I..{§IIO(l..{§IfI),osa KYcK§I c§Ixapy (c§Ixapa) 1-1T.n.
npl-1Mepbl cnos: 6ynbQH, sUHoep§IO, SQ30YX, ees, Ob/M, KapmQcpenb, «eec, Kecpyp, «unsuno«,
KOMnQm, KOHb3..K,rtěč; nUMOH§IO, neCQK, nom, cenem, c§Ixap, cupQn, cHee, COK,cQYC, cyn,
Cb/P, ma6§IK, meqpoe, ueů, WOKon§IO 1-1p~,ll, npyrux.
• CYLl.\eCTBI-1TenbHble, 06pa30BaHHble OT cnos rpynnst C Cycpcpl-1KCOMyMeHbwl-1TenbHoro
3Ha4eHI-1~, Hanp. KocpeeK, oeoně«, MeOQK, yeoně«; eunums Kecpypl..{UKY (KecpypI..{UKa)
• sexoropete cočnparensksre CYLl.\eCTBI-1TenbHble, 06bl4HO B C04eTaHI-11-1co CnOBaMI-1
«MHoro«, «Mano« 1-1T.n., Hanp. MHQeo, M§!70 HapQOY (HapQoa), MHQeo WyMy (WYMa), M§Ino
npocmopy (npocmope), M§Icca CH§.ey (CH§.ea).
• eapsapyrorcs cpOpMbl ponarensaoro naziexa B yCToCí41-1BblXcnOBOC04eTaHI-1~X B
KOHCTpyK,-\I-151XC npennorava 1-1C OTpl-1,-\aHl-1eM:c pa36§.ey (c pa36§.ea), 6e3 pa36QPY
(pa36QPa), y'3 OOMy (OQMa).
Bapl-1aHTHOCTb OTCYTCTByeT B cnenyiouiax cny-iasx:
• npa I-1CKnto4eHI-11-1KOnl-14eCTBeHHoro 3Ha4eHI-1~ (množství, ne část celku) e,ll,I-1HCTBeHHO
B03MO>KHOCí5lBn~eTCC51 cpopMa ponnrensuoro naaexa Ha -a, -51: c60p I..{§IR,SblnycK iuěrttce,
ceoůcme« sQcKa. Ta xe cpopMa e,ll,I-1HCTBeHHOB03MO>KHa B HeKoTopblX yCToCí41-1BblX
Bblpa>KeHI-1~x: pb/u,apb 6e3 cmpexe u yttpěs:«.
• npa y,ll,apeHI-1I-1Ha OKOH4aHI-11-1y yMeHbwl-1TenbHblX cnos Ha -O~ -ě« B KOnl-14eCTBeHHOM
3Ha4eHI-11-1e,ll,I-1HCTBeHHOB03MO>KHbl cpOpMbl ponnrensaoro naaexa a -y, -10: nQ)f{Ka MeOK~
HeMHQeo neoKY., 3asapy'mb I..{au~ eopcms ma6al..{K}!.
• B yCToCí41-1BblXcnOBOC04eTaHI-1~X csum« c mQnKY, HU w§Iey Ha3§IO, yMep§.mb C
eQnooy, HU cnyxy HU oyxy, He xeemeem oyxy; He 3H§IfI 6pQoy - He cyUC5l s SQOYu op.
2. n p e n no >KH bl Cí··n a n e x Ha -y, -10.
Hexoropsre CYLl.\eCTBI-1TenbHble nepsoro CKnOHeHI-1~ My>t<CKOropo a B npe,ll,nO>KHOM
naaexe, Hap51,ll,y C 06bl4HblM OKOH4aHI-1eM -e, I-1MetoT OKOH4aHI-1e-y, -10. Y,ll,apeHl-1e npa 3TOM
scerna nepeHOCI-1TC~ Ha OKOH4aHI-1es caoJ( Ha 6epeeJ(. $opMbl Ha -y, -10 očpeayiorcs OT
ps:tAa cnoa (npeI-1MYLl.\eCTBeHHO O,ll,HOCnO>KHbIX):a) B C04eTaHI-1~X C npennorav« B 1-1Ha npu
Bblpa>KeHI-1I-1MecTHoro 3Ha4eHI-1~; 6) y cYLl.\ecTBI-1TeJlbHbIX C Y,ll,apeH\IIe Ha OCHOBe B
eA\IIHCTBeHHoM 4\11CJle\II Ha OKOH4aHI-11-1BO MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4\11CJle(aanp, eopotiopm l-1,ll,p.).
$OpMbl Ha -y,-IO 06pa3YtoT CYLl.\eCTBI-1TeJlbHble:
• C O,ll,HOCnO>KHOCíOCHOBOCí,Hanp. Ha 6any,s 6o~ Ha 6opmy, e 6blmy, Ha sepxy, Ha
e03y, e 2f7a3y, s eooy, s ooney, e )f{apy, Ha nboy (neo), s necy, Ha nyey, Ha HOCY,
•
s M03ey, e ttneny: Ha nony, e nonKy, s nopmy, s nomy, s npyoy, s caoy, s munv,
e u,eemy, e WKacpy 1-1Ap., a TaK>Ke: Ha ~OHY, s Kpb/MY, e KnUH'ť..
• C HeO,ll,HOCJlO>KHOCíOCHOBOCí,Hanp. s esponopmy, Ha 6epeey, s y2f7y \II,ll,p.
Bapaairrst cpOpM -y, -10, 1-1-e B npennoxsora naziexe OTMe4atoTC~ Y aexoropstx
15
16
HeoAyweBněHHblX CYLl\eCTBVlTenbHbIX My)f(CKOrOpona B 0AHOM Vl3 cneAYIOLl\VlX 3HaLleHVlCí:
C npeanorora B: a) B 3HaLleHVlVl «BHYTpVl, B npeaenax Llero-nVl60«, aanp. B L{exy Vl B L{~xe,
B cHeey VlB CH~ee, B CQKe Vl B COKY,6) B 3HaLleHVlVl « B ycnosnax vlnVl B COCTO~HVlVl-iero-n. «:
B omnycK'ť u B QmnycKe (nexočumsce), B epunny Vl B eputtne (ne>Kamb);
- C npennoro Ha B 3Ha4eH\II\II «Ha nOBepXHOCH1 -rero-n. <C Ha oy6y VlHa oy6e, Ha cHeey Vl
Ha CH~ee
• <PoP a -y, -fO BCTpeLlaIOTC$l·B yCToCí4VlBblX cnOBOCOLleTaHVl~X Vl eAVlHCTBeHHO
B03 p.: eects B cneey, B nomy, ucn§.t./Kamb pyKU B Meny, xOOy'mb B wenKY.,
a exy, np3.HUKu Ha Meoy, necmosm» Ha ctiupmy; 6b/mb B ooney nepeč KeM, Ha
n X, B maKQM-mo t./acy, Ha K§.>KOOMw§.ey, eepumsc« B cQ6cmseHHOM COKy;
Tnln~•.•'n C <PoPMOCíHa -e s ~nOM P3.0e, s nQme nu~ so L{s~me nem.
• cnOBO, I1MelOLl\ee sapaaarasre cpOpMbl Ha -y,-IO I1n\ll -e nocne npennoros B 11
a \11\11 np0l13BeAeHI1Cí, npaBl1nbHOCí ~Bn~eTC~ ronsxo rpopwa Ha -e: s «Ilece»
OSCKoeo, s «BUWHěsOM ceée« A.n.lfexosa.- -y --
•
B ap.eHHe «O», «e» B naAe>KHblX cflopMax CYU4eCTBHTenbHbIX 'l-oro CKnOHeHHH
exoropux CYLl\eCTBI1TenbHbIX 1-oro CKnOHeHVI~ BO scex nanexax, KpOMe
~~~efiIMTenbHoro VIBI1HI1TenbHOro eAI1HCTBeHHoro 4V1cna, astnaaater rnacaue o, e TaK Ha3.
bl e r n aCH bl e: oeHb, OHR,OHlO,oHeu; n06, n6a, n6y, n6b/, nčoe.
ecrsarensuux Ha -eá, eu C npeAwecTBylOLl\VlM n VIy HeKOTopblX APyrl1x cnos npu .
OBaHl111naAe>KHblX cpOpM e 3aMeH~eTC~ M~rKI1M 3HaKOM, Hanp.:sop06.!!u - SOP06bE.,
~ - - PY%E., yneu - ynbR, conos.!!u - conOSbE., nes - nbsa, neo - nboa, n§Y1eL{- n§Y1bL{a..
OB Ha -eu C npenurecrsyioune» rnaCHblM 6yKBa e 3aMeH7IeTC~ 6yKBOCíH: 60.!!L{ - 60UL{§..
Bbln8AeHl1e rnaCHblX e, O Ha6nIOAaeTC~:
y aexoropsrx 0AHOCnO>KHbIXcnos, aanp.: oeHb - OHR,nes -rtsee, neo -nboa, něH·a,
n06 - n6a, MOX - Mxa (11ssoxe), neHb - nHR, rtěc - nca, pos - psa, pom - pma, COH- CHa,
e
8 - wsa.
II y ABycnO>KHbIX 11rpěxcnoxasrx cnos: Sb/Mb/cen - Sb/Mb/cna, n~nen - n~nna, eemep -
8_ a, «oeép - KOSp§.,K§.MeHb - K§.MHR,KQPeHb - KQPHR, n§.peHb - n§.pHR, peM~Hb - peMHE.,
as~iJ - MypaSbE., čěeom» - oěemR.
II y CYLl\eCTBI1TenbHbIX C cycpVlKcaMVI -OK, -ex, -oxe« (-e"leK), -OHOK, -ěHOK, -WOK, -urex,
e Hanp. 6enQK - 6enK§., pYl.{eěK - pyl.{euK§., nucmQl.{eK - nucmQI.{Ka, Cb/HQl.{eK- Cb/HQI.{Ka
a §.weK - 6ap§.WKa, Mb/WQHOK - Mb/WQHKa, pe6ěHOK - pe6ěHKa, nemYWQK - nemywK§.,
CI1ilapIUt./.OK- CmapUI.{K§.,KpaCHOapM~eL{ - KpaCHoapM~iJL{a.
Oco6eHHOCTH naAe>KHblX OKOH"IaHl1H 1-oro CKnOHeHHH B MHO>KeCTBeHHOM "IHCne
e H VITen b H bl Cí n a A e >K
OnbWI1HCTBOcyuiecrenrensuux My>KCKOrOpozia C TBěPAOCí OCHOBOCíI1MeeT B
Hl.1iefirHTeJlbHOMnaaexe MH. LlI1Cna OKOHLlaHVle-bl: 3asQo - 3asQobl, cnou - cnoHg
17
a~Hm - cmya~Hmbl, a cyuiecrearern.usre C M71rKO~OCHOBO~ OKOH4aH!.1e-a:
asmoM06y.nb - eemossobunu, py6nb - py6ny" Meae~ab - Meae~ou, nponemepuů onem§Puu,
conoeeů - conoeb!!..
Cyuiecrasrrensusre My)f(CKOro pozia C_OC_HOBO~tliLw.l1.n71l,Ll!.1§)1(, w, ~, L14 !.1cornacusre
r, K, x, !.1MeIOTB !.1MeH!.1TenbHOMnaaexe MHO)f(eCTBeHHoro 4!.1Cna scerna OKOH4aH!.1e-a:
moe§PuUJ, - moe§PuUJ,u, nnaUJ, - nnaUJ,!!.,KapaHO~W - KapaHoawy" nyl[ - nyl[y'" cpnee cpn~eu,
MaK - M~KU, pb/6~K - pb/6aKy" cmux - cmux!!..
Cyuiecraarensaste C OCHOBO~ Ha -u B !.1MeH!.1TenbHOMnaziexe MHO)f(eCTBeHHoro
4!.1Cna BcerAa OKaH4!.1BaIOTC71Ha -bl: 60~L{ - 60iJL{g n§!7eL{ - n§!7bL{bl, H~MeL{ - H~ML{bl.
n04T!.1 Bce cyuiecrearensusre cpenaero pona B !.1MeH!.1TenbHOMnaaexe MHO)f(eCTBeH--
--
Horo 4!.1Cna OKaH4!.1BaIOTC71·Ha-a (cyuiectearern.asre, OKaH4!.1BalOll.\!.1eC71B eA!.1HCTBeHHOM
4!.1Cne Ha -o): np~euno - np~euna, OKHQ- QKHa, cnQeo - cnoef!, !.1n!.1Ha -51 (CYll.\eCTB!.1TenbHble
C M71rKO~OCHOBO~, OKaH4!.1BalOll.\!.1eC71B eA!.1HCTBeHHOM4!.1Cne Ha -e): nQne - nonB.,
MQPe - MOP!1 C06p~Hue - C06p~HUR.
Kporae 3T!.1XOCHOBHblX oKOH4aH!.1~, cyuiecraarensusre My)f(CKOrO !.1cpenesro pozia BO
MHO)f(eCTBeHHOM 4!.1Cne !.1MeIOTP71Apa3HOB!.1AHOcTe~. BMecTo 06bl4HblX OKOH4aH!.1~-';'-:-~)
HeKoTopble cyuiecrearertsuue My)f(CKOrO pozia !.1MeIOTOKOH4aH!.1e8YAapeH!.1e B 3T!.1X
cpopMax naAaeT Ha OKOH4aH!.1e6ep~e - 6epeef!, 60K - 60Kf!, n~eepb - naeep!!. .
. .Ha -a, -51 (scerna yziapaoe, YAapeH!.1e oCTaěTC71 Ha cpneKC!.1!.1BO acex cpopMax
MHO)f(eCTBeHHoro 4!.1Cna). 3TO KOH4aH!.1e!.1MeIOTcnenyioume rpynnst cnos:
• cyuiecrearensaste C OAHOCnO)f(HO~ OCHOBO~: 60K, 60pm, ee«, eepx, enes, eoč, OOM,
KpaiJ, nY2, MeX, p02, cnee, copm, cuěm, mOM, mOH, xne6, L{ex, iuěn« ~ AP.
• cyuiecrearensaue C HeoAHOCnO)f(HO~ OCHOBOC1C YAapeH~eM B eA~HcTBeHHoM 4~cne
Ha Ha4aIlbHOM cnore OCHOBbl: ~opec, 6!llJee,e~l.{ep, eonoc, OQKmop, KQnOKon, KQPnyc,
KY.non, HQMep, QPoeH, ocmpoe, QmnycK, n§Pyc, ttecnopm, nQe30, nQRc, npQeoo,
npQnycK, cmopo:«, mQPMo3, mp~Kmop (-bl !.1-a), xQnoo, ~ Ap.
• Ha3BaH~71 npocpeccnň: oup~Kmop, oQKmop, uncnekmop, KOHoyKmop, n~Kmop,
M§.cmep, nQeap, npocp~ccop, Kopp~Kmop ~ Ap.
• ~H) ~MeH~TeIlbHOM naaexe MHO)f(eCTBeHHoro 4!.1CIla OKaH4!.1BaIOTC71:Y4y'menb,
monorns, tumesuten», B..KOpb,n~eepb, cn~capb !.1AP.
Hexoropsre cyurecraarensaue My)f(CKoro a raxxe cpensero pcna !.1MeIOTBO
MHO)f(eCTBeHHOM 4~CIle OKOH4aH~e -b51 (-OBb5l): opye - Opy3bf1, M}f)K - M}f)Kbf1, KHR3b KHR3bf1,
CblH - cb/HoebB.. (ynapeune Ha OKOH4aH!.1~); cmyn - cmynbR, nucm - ny'cmbR, Kon KQnbR,
CyK - Cy%R, 6pam - 6p~mbR, npym - npymbR, (yziapeaue Ha OCHOBe); o~eeo oep~ebR,
3eeHQ - 3e~HbR, OHO- OQHbR,nepQ - n!llJbR, KPblflQ - Kpb/nbR, non~Ho - nOn~HbR.
• ornensusre cyuiecrswrensuue MOryT ~MeTb BO MHO)f(eCTBeHHOM 4~CIle ABe cpOpMbl:
Ha -bl,-lII !.1Ha -a, -51, b5l, B 3aB~C~MOCT!.1 OT 3Ha4eH!.1R Hanp.:
xn~6bl (pecny chleba)
npQeoob/ (doprovázení)
xne6§. (obilí)
npoeoo§. (dráty)
I.{sembl (květy) I.{sem§. (barvy)
3Y.6bJ(y)l(\IIBoTHoro) 3y6bR (y mUlbl)
rtucme! (6yMar\ll) ny'cmbfl (Ha AepeBe)
CblHb/ (pOA\IIHbl) Cb/HoebE!.(y pOA\IITeneC1)
YI.{y.menu (učitelé národů) yl.{umenE!. (AeTeC1)
Q6pa3b/ (noarw ..leCK\IIe) o6pa3§. (L-1KOHbl)
QPoeHbl (rytířské a kněžské řády) opoeH§. (vyznamenání)
Cl.{emb/ (počítadlo) cl.{em§. (účty)
mQHb/ (tóny) mOH§. (odstíny
B cOBpeMeHHoM pyccxora nareparypaora 5l3blKe Ha6nIOAaIOTC51 y HeKOTopblX
cyuiecrsarensusrx My)l(cKoro poaa Kone6aHL-151 npa o6pa30BaHL-1L-1 cpOpM L-1MeHL-1TenbHOro
nanexa MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna. Y cyuiecrewrensaoro «ron« cpOpMbl ZQOb/ L-1ZOO§..
Tonsxo cpopMa «ZOOb/(( ynoTpe6n51eTC51 B cneny-ouiax cny-rasx:
• B C04eTaHL-1L-1C cy~ecTB\IITenbHbIML-1 B pOA\IITenbHOM naaexe ZQOb/ MQnooocmu,
eouHg
• B C04eTaHL-1L-1C nOp51AKOBbIM 4L-1CnL-1TenbHbIM uiecmučecgmue; copoKoeb/e ZQOb/;
• npa o603Ha4eHL-1L-1 sospacra e meoy' ZQoh./ nop§. pa6Qmamb;
,~
Cyuiecrearertsasre cpensero pona Ha -KOjB \ilMeHL-1TenbHOM naziexe MHO>KeCTB8HHoro
4L-1Cna L-1MeIOT6e3YAapHoe OKOH4aHL-1e ml1: E!.6nOKO- E!.6nOKU,Kon!Z,I.{KO- Kon!Z,I.{KU,OKQWKOOKQWKU,
CnOe~I.{KO - CnOe~I.{KU, ny'I.{UKO - ny'I.{UKU; HO eQUCKO- eOUCK!!) Q6naKO - 06naK~.
OKOH4aHL-1e -11 BO MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4L-1Cne L-1MeIOTTaK>Ke cyutecrearensasre: yxo - yuiu,
nnel.{Q - nn!Z,I.{U,QKO - QI.{U, Kon!Z,HO- Kon!Z,HU.
P O A L-1Ten b H bl C1 n a A e >K
B cpopMax pOAL-1TenbHOro nanexa MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4\i1Cna čonsurce pa3H006pa3L-1e
oKOH4aHL-1C1.Cy~eCTBL-1TenbHble M y >KC K O rop O A a L-1MeIOTOKOH4aHL-151-OB, -ea, -'ĚiB,
..... _- -----{b)eB \ilnL-1cpOpMbl 6e3 OKOH4aHL-151(aynesoe OKOH4aHL-1e).
-----1. cyuiecrsarensaue My>KCKOrO pozia c OCHOBOC1Ha TBěPAblC1 cornacasrň B pOA\ilTenbHOM
a,qe>Ke npL-1HL-1MaIOTOKOH4aHL-1e -OB: 3aeQO - 3aeQOOS, cmon - cmonQs, 6aHK - 6§.HKOS.
2. Cyurecraarensusre C OCHOBOC1Ha M51rKL-1C1cornacasiň np\ilHL-1MaIOT OKOH4aH\ile -eH:
oe§.pb - cnoeap!!ií, eemouotiuru. - aemoMo6y.neií, Meoe!Z,Ob - MeOe!Z,Oeu.
• cyuiecrawreneuste C OCHOBOC1Ha WL-1n51~L-1e>K,I.I,W,U4 -cpOpMbl pOAL-1TenbHOro nanexa
O>KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna scerna L-1MeIOTOKOH4aHL-1e -eH: nyl.{ - nyl.{!!ií, nnaw, - nnaLU,!!u, HO)/( O)/(!!U,
cmQPO)/( - cmopo)/(!!u, KapaHO§.W - KapaHOaw!!ií, moe§.puw, - moeepuuieů.
3. Cyurecrsjrrensuere My)l(cKoro pona Ha -~ B pOA\ilTenbHOM naaexe MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro
~
cna L-1MeIOTOKOH4aHL-1e -OB, ecnu YAapeH\ile naaaer Ha OKOH4aHL-1e. EcnL-1 >Ke YAapeHL-1e
r-'---'"
aaaer Ha OCHOBY, TO CTaBL-1TC51OKOH4aHL-1e -ea. Hanp.:oml.@ - omuo«, 6oul.@':' 60UI.{Qs,
KOHl.@ - KOHL{QS,nnoel.@ - nnoel.{Qs, HO M!Z,CRI.{- M!Z,CRL{es,n§!7bL{b/ - n§!7bL{es, H!Z,ML{ee.
18
19
4. CYLl.\eCTBI.1TenbHble Ha -H B pO,D.\l1TenbHOM naaexe OKaH4VlBaIOTC51 Ha -ea (ěa):
mpaMB§.U - mpaMB§.ee, nponemepuů - nponem§.puee, eepQu - eepQee, 60u - 60ee,
pyl.lgu - py%ee.
5. Cyuiecraarensaere My)KCKoro Vl cpenuero pozia, xoropue B I.1MeHVlTenbHOM naaexe
MHO)KeCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna I.1MelOT OKOH4aHVle -b5l, B pO,D.VlTenbHoM naaexe OKaH4VlBaIOTC51 Ha
-eH VlnVl -(b)eB B 3aBVlCVlMOCTVl OT yp;apeHVl51 B cnose. npVl Yf1.é:!~eHVlVl~ KOH4e CTaBVlTC51
OKOH4aHI.1e -eH, ecna )Ke y,D.apeHVle Ha OCHOBE?-(b)eB, Hanp.:Opy3bE - Opy3!!.U, Mjl)KbE --
---- - -::-;--
My/K!!.U, KHR3bE - KHR3!!.U, Cb/HOBbE- Cb/HOB!!.U,HO 6p§.mbR - 6p§.mbee, cmynbR - cmynbee,
ny"cmbR -ny"cmbee, KQnbR - KQnbee, npymbR - npymbee, Cy%R - cy%ee.
(6. Y aekoropsrx cyurecrearensuux My)KCKoro pozia B pO,D.VlTenbHoM naaexe
'(
Ha6nlO,D.8eTc~HyneBoe OKOH48HVle Vl cpOpMbl CXO,D.Hbl C I.1MeHVlTenbHblM na,D.e)KOM
e,D.I.1HCTBeHHoro 41.1Cn8. K HVlM OTHOC51TC51:
• cnOB8 0603H8481OLl.\l.1e napaste npe,D.MeTbl:
(OOy"H)en~3 - (MHQeo) enes
(OOy"H)ceno« - (MHQeo) cenoe
(6gnb/u) l.IynQK - (MHQeo) l.IynQK
60my"Hf?K (n§.pa) 60mY..HoKa TaK)Ke BQnoc - (MHQeo) BonQC.
• cyuiecrearensaue, očoauavaiouiae npencraenreneň BOVlHCKVlX4aCTeC1:
(M~nooQu) conáem - (HgcKonbKo) cortčem
(cMgnb/u) napmu3§.H - (om ~mux) napmU3§.H.
6e3 OKOH4.8HVl51ynoTpe6n51IOTC51 cnOB8: pes, nem - ristm» pes, BQceMb nem, ceMb uenoee« Vl
npyrae cyuiecrsarensasre H83b1B81OLl.\Vle Mepbl Vl e,D.VlHVl4bl Vl3MepeHI.151: aMngp, eemm,
epaMM, .eepu" peHmeg,! 1.1T.n. B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM 5l3blKe H86nlO,D.8eTC51 y aekoropsrx
CYLl.\eCTBVlTeni?HbIX My)KCKOro pozia B pO,D.I.1TenbHOM naaexe OKOH4aHI.1e -OB Vl HyneB851
cpneKCI.151: aanp. epaMM 1.1ep§.MMOB, HOCKy"- HOCQKVl HOCKQB.<l>OpMbl C HyneBblM
OKOH48HVleM 48Ll.\e BCTpe48IOTC51 B p83rOBopH0C1 pe-ra: 100 epaMM, Kuno anenbcy"H,
MaHOapY..H,6aKf7a/K§.H; KYny"mb n§.py HOCQK(HOCKQB).
Hynesoe OKOH48HI.1e B pO,D.VlTenbHOM naaexe MHO)KeCTBeHHoro 41.1Cn8 TaK)Ke y cyuieCTBI.1TeJ1bHbIX
C Cycpcpl.1KC8MI.1 -aHHH, -5IHHH, -OHOK, -eHOK: epa/KOaHy"H - 6e3 ep§./KOaH,
KpecmbRHy"H - 6e3 KpecmbEH, cnaBRHy"H- 6e3 cnaBEH, Mb/WQHOK- Mb/w§.m, uunněno« Ll,bmnEm,
pe6eHOK - pe6Em, MeOBe/KQHOK- MeOBe/K§.m, /Kepe6eHOK - /Kepe6Em.
7. CYLl.\eCTBI.1TeJ1bHble cpe ,D.Her o pO,D. 8 B pO,D.VlTeJ1bHOM nanexe MHO)KeCTBeHHoro
4VlCJ18 06blKHOBeHHO He I.1MelOT OKOH4aHVl51: np§.Buno - np§.Bun, cnQBO - cnOB, Mgcmo Mecm,
yl.ly"nuw,e - yl.ly"nuw" 3gpKMO - 3epK§lJ7,Q3epo - osěp« - osěp.
8. Ecna B KOH4e OCHOBbl CTOl-1THeCKonbKO cornacasrx, rtoasnsnorcs fierrusie o,e.
•• ínacHbl14 e BCTaBnfleTCfI nocne cornacHoro n,H,p: eecnQ - eěcen, l./ucnQ - I./y"cen,
M§!CnO - M§!Cen, 6peeHQ - 6peeeH, nonomHQ - nonQmeH, nRmHQ - n8.meH, eeopQ - eěčep,
pe6pQ - pe6ep, 6eopQ - 6eoep, l-1TalOKe nucbMQ - ny"ceM; l-1CKnI04eHVleympo - ymp.
•• noc e r nepep, n,H,p BCTaBnfleTCfI o: OKHQ- QKOH,cmeKf7Q - cměnon, CYKHQ- CyKOH,
eonOKHQ - sonQKOH.
• C Ba c cycj:xpl-1KCaMl-1-KO, -ue, -~O l-1npep,wep,cTByIOIl.\VlMl-1 cornaCHblMl-1 očpaayior
po - nap,e)K MHO)KeCTBeHHoro 4l-1Cna npn nOMoll.\Vl 6ernoro rnacsoro -e:
K - ongl./eK, OKQWKO- OKQweK, Ry"I./KO- Ry"l./eK,KonbL{Q - KongL{, cgpOL{e - cepogL{.
• ecraarensasre cpenuero pona Ha -CTBO očpasyior c:pOpMy ponnrensuoro
na,fl..e)Kaa O)KeCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna 6e3 6ernoro rnacaoro: eocyogpcmeo - eocyoepcme,
X0G:8f1a7J80 - X038.UCme, uCKY2.cmeo - uCKyccme.
CYll.\eCTBl-1TenbHbIX cpeziaero pona B pop,VlTenbHOM nanexe MHO)KeCTBeHHoro
eer re xe OKOH4aHVlfl, 4TO Vl cyuiectejrrensasre My)KCKoro pona: -eM,-(b)eB,-OB.
4aHVle DeMVlMelOT cyuiecrenrensuue cpenaero pona: non8. - nongu, MOp8. u.atD.::::.eií-,
Y.UJU- ywgu, QI./U - ol./gu
a -beB OKaH4VlBalOTCfI cyuiecraarensusre cpensero pona, koropsre VlMelOT B
.~='" enbHOM nap,e)Ke MHO)KeCTSeHHoro \.IVlcna -bfl: oepgsbR - oepgsbes, 36gHbH"''=
es, OQHbR- OQHbes, ngpbR - ngpbes, KpblnbR - Kpblnbes, nongHbR - nongHbe-s,;
a . e nn§!mbe - nn§!mbR - nn§!mbeS, ycmbe - ycmbR - ycmbes, sepX5!,.sbe - sepXQSbR Be
X:,...ebe6, HU3QSbe - HU3Q6bR - HU3QSbes, HO pY){{be - PY){{bR - py){{eu.
1. OKoH4aHVle -OB VlMelOT cyuiecrearensasre cpenaero pona: Q6naKo - 06naK§! QS,
«oněcuxo - KoneCUKU - «onécuxoe, ny"I./UKO- ny"I./UKU- ny"I./UKOS.
2. Ha -HM OKaH4VlBalOTCfl cyuiecrsarensuue cpenaero pozia, koropsre B VlMeHVlTenbHOM
e: e ep,VlHcTBeHHoro \.IVlcna OKaH4VlBalOTCfI Ha -He VlnVl -be: C06p§!HUe - C06p§!HUU,
SHue - ){{en§!HUU, socKpecgHbe - socKpecgHuu, nel./gHbe - nel.fgHUU.
20
•
eHeHHe OCHOBbl B MHO>KeCTBeHHOM'IHCne y CYLL\eCTBHTel1bHbIX 1-0rO"CK110HeHHfl
OTp,enbHYIO rpynny VlMěH CYll.\eCTBl-1TenbHbIX 1-oro CKnOHeHVlfl COCTaBnfllOT
ecrearensnsre, Y KOTOpblX B MHO)KeCTBeHHOM \.IVlcne Vl3 M e H fI eTC fI O C H OBa.
CYll.\eCTBVlTenbHblM OTHOCflTCfI cyuiecrearertsuue:
C CYC:Pc:pVlKcaMVl-aHHH, -flHHH;
CYC:Pc:pVlKcaMVl-OHOK, eHOK;
cyuiecraarensaste Ha TBěpp,bl14 cornacasrň (My)KCK014pon) VlnVl Ha -o (cpep,Hl-114pozi).
pVlHVlMalOll.\l-1e B l-1MeHVlTenbHOM naziexe MHO)KeCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna -bfl;
cnosa cocgo, uěpm;
cnosa QKO,yxo, CyOHO,Hg60, I./yoo;
cnosa uenoee«, pe6eHOK.•
c Y L4 e C T B VITen b H bl e C C Y cp cp VIK c a v VI -aHl-1H, -HHl-1H
VlMeHa CYL4eCTBVlTenbHble My)f(CKOrO pop,a C cycpcpVlKcaMVI -aHl-1H, -HHl-1H (zpa>ldJaHy'H,
KpeCmbE.HUH,IO)/(§.HUH,ceBepE.HUH, KueBnE.HUH, cnaBflHy'H, aH2f7UI./§.HUHVIp,p.), 0603Ha4alOuiae
npencraaureneň C04lt1anbHb1X lt1nVlrepparopaansasrx rpynn, očpasyior cpOpMbl
MHO)f(eCTBeHHoro 4lt1Cna ronsko C cycpcplt1KCaMlt1-aH, -HH (6e3 cydxpnxca -l-1H). B
VlMeHVlTenbHOM naziexe MHO)f(eCTBeHHoro 4V1cna OHVInpVlHlt1MaIOT OKOH4aHlt1e-e (cnaBE.H-e,
zp§.)/(OaH-e, ceeepgu-e), B pop,VlTenbHOM VI Blt1HVlTenbHOM naziexax ae VlMelOT HVlKaKoro
OKOH4aHlt1H(zp§.)/(OaH, cnaBE.H, ceBepE.H, aH2f7UI./§.H,IO)/(§.H).
EAIIIHCTBeHHoe YVlCIlO
VI. zpa)/(O-aHy'H cnee-nnuu
P. zpa)/(O-aHy'H-a cnaB-flHy.H-a
,Q. zpa)/(O-aHy'H-Y cnaB-flHy.H-Y
B. zpa)/(O-aHy'H-a cnaB-flHy.H-a
n. o zpa)/(O-aHy'H-e (o) cnaB-flHUH-e
T. zpa)/(O-aHy'H-OM cnaB-flHy.H-OM
Ho! ZpY3y'H - ZpY3y'Hb/ (MHQZOZPY3y'H)
mam§.pUH - mam§.pb/ (MHQZOmemep)
60nz§.puH - 60nz§.pb/ (MHQZO60nz§.p)
MHO)f(eCTBeHHoe YIIICIlO
zp§.)/(O-aH-e cnaB-E.H-e
zp§.)/(O-aH cnaB-E.H
zp§.)/(O-aH-aM cnaB-E.H-aM
zp§.)/(O-aH cnee-stn
(o) zp§.)/(O-aH-ax (o) cnaB-E.H-ax
zp§.)/(O-aH-aMu cnaB-E.H-aMU
eocnočun - zocnoo§. (6e3 zocnQo)
X03E.UH- X03E.eBa (6e3 X03E.eB)
c Y L4 e C T B lt1Ten b H bl e C C Y cp cp VIK c a ra VI-OHOK, -eHOK
CYL4eCTBlt1TenbHble C cycpcplt1KCaMlt1-OHOK (ronsko nocne Wlt1nHL4lt1X),-eHOK tmeněno«,
)/(epe6ěHOK, MeOBe)/(QHOK,Mb/WQHOK), 0603Ha4alOL4V1e p,eTěHblweH, 3aMeHHIOT 3TV1
CycpcpV1KCblBO MHO)l(eCTBeHHOM 4V1cne Ha -ar-, -~T- . B V1MeHV1TenbHOMnaziexe
MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro 4V1cna OKaH4V1BaIOTCHHa -ara, -ara (mengme, Mb/w§.ma, pe6E.ma), a B
pop,V1TenbHOM V1BVlHVlTenbHOM ynoTpe6nHIOTCH cpOpMbl 6e3 OKOH4aHlt1H(mengm, pe6E.m).
npHMe'laHHe: nepe,Q cycpcpHKcaMH -OHOK, -ěHOK npOHCXO,QHT'lepe,QoeaHHe cornacaux: Meoa~ob - MeOae)/(QHoK, eon«I.{btnneHOK,
eycěno«, nopocěnox, )/(epe6eHoK, nucěno«.
BOn'lQHOK, 3i!R4, 3aU'IQHoK; ,QpyrHe npHMepbl: nee - nbBeHoK, KQUJKa- «oméno«, opněna«, muepěno«, RZHeHoK, yměno«,
EAIIIHCTBeHHoe YIIICIlO MHO)f(eCTBeHHoe YIIICIlO
VI. men-ěuo« MeOBe)/(-OHOK mert-gm-e MeOBe)/(-§.m-a
P. men-ěns-e MeOBe)/(-QHK-a men-gm MeOBe)/(-§.m
,Q. men-ěns-y MeOBe)/(-QHK-Y men-gm-et» MeOBe)/(-§.m-aM
B. men-ěntc-e MeOBe)/(-QHK-a men-stm MeOeesc-gm
n. (o)men-ěHK-e (o) MeOBe)/(-QHK-e (o) men-gm-ex (o) MeOBe)/(-§.m-ax
T. men-ěHK-OM MeBe)/(-0tf.K-OM men-gm-euu MeOBe)/(-§.m-aMU
c Y L4 e C T B V1Ten b H bl e C o K o H 4 a H V1e M -b~ B VI M e H V1Ten b H o M
n a n e x e MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro 4V1cna
Y +rekoropstx VlMěH CYL4eCTBVlTenbHbIX My)l(cKoro pop,a Ha TBěpp,blH cornacasui lt1
21
crseaaoe I.U1CI10 MHO)f(eCTBeHHoe 4~C110
cpensero pozia Ha -o TBěpAa5'l OCHOBa eAL-1HCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna CM5'lr4aeTC5'l BO
MHO>KeCTBeHHoM 4L-1Cne. Ha nL-1CbMe CM5'lr4eHL-1e 06bl4HO supaxeao M5'lrKL-1M3HaKOM, nocne
xoroporo CTaBHTC5'l OKOH4aHL-15'lM5'lrKOrO CKnOHeHL-1R HanpL-1Mep:cmyn, cmyn«, cmynycmYf1bRJ
ctnYf7bes, cmynbf/M; nepQ. nep§., nepy, nepQM - n§ilJbf/, n§ilJbes, n§ilJbf/M, n§ilJbf/Mu.
Cor a - K npL-1CM5'lr4eHL-1L-1OCHOBbl nepeXOAL-1T B ~: CyK - Cyllbf/; B cnoae opye 3ByK r
e C5'l3BByKOM 3: opyz - Opy3bH..
~ 3HaK He CTaBL-1TC5'lronsko nepen OKOH4aHL-1eM -eň: Opy3~U; M)I)K~U.
eHL-1TenbHOM naaexe MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna 3TL-1cnoaa KaK My>KCKOrO, TaK L-1
cp~~iero pona OKaH4L-1BaIOTC5'lHa -MI: 6p§.mbf/, Opy3bH., My)/(bH., Oep§.Sbf/, Kpblnbf/. B
DO,UMlTellbHOM naaexe MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna 3TL-1cnoaa L-1MeIOTOKOH4aHL-1e -eH L-1nL-1-sea,
o YAapeHL-11O B cnose. EcnL-1 YAapeHL-1e nanaer Ha OKOH4aHL-1e, CTaBL-1TC5'l-eň:
CP.l~t!- py3~U, M)l)KbB.- M)I)K~U. EcnL-1 xe YAapeHL-1e nanaer Ha OCHOBY, TO CTaBL-1TC5'l
OI3)'~laHHe (b)eB: 6p§.mbf/ - 6p§.mbee, KonQCbf/ - KonQCbee, Kpblnbf/ - Kpblnbee.
am nepQ opye 6p§.mbf/ n§ilJbf/ . Opy3bH.
§.ma nep§. opyea 6p§.mbes n§ilJbes Opy3§.U
§.my nepy opyey 6p§.mbf/M n§ilJbf/M Opy3bH.M
.§.ma nepQ opyea 6p§.mbes n§ilJbf/ Opy3§.U
_~ ~ §.me (o) nep§. (o) opyee (o) 6p§.mbRX o) n§ilJbf/X (o) Opy3bH.X
6 §.mOM nepQM opyeoM 6p§.mbf/MU n§ilJbf/MU OPY3bH.MU
oA06HblM 06pa30M CKnOH5'lIOTC5'lcnenyiouiae L-1MeHa cyuiecrearensaue:
'U;Y:I!:C!ccoropOAa: 6pam - 6p§.mbf/ - 6p§.mbes, 3y6 - 3y6bf/ - 3y6bes, Kon - KQnbR - KQnbee,
AC ••••••••••••. - KonQCbf/ - KonQCbes, nucm - ny'cmbf/ - ny'cmbes, npym - npymbf/ - npymbes, cmyn - .
R - cmynbee, opye - Opy3bH. - Opy3§.U, My)/( - M)l)KbH.- M)I)K§.U,KHf/3b - KHR3bH.- KHf/3§.U •
- Topble APyrL-1e cpeAHero pOAa: o§ilJeso - Oep§.SbR - Oep§.Sbes, 3seHQ - 3S§.Hbf/ - ..
..~E.!bee,
KpblnQ - Kpblnbf/ - Kpblnbes, nepQ - n§ilJbf/ - n§ilJbee, non§.Ho - non§.Hb'f/ - non§.Hbee.
nOBO CblH očpasyer MHO>KeCTBeHHoe 4L-1CnO CbIHOSbH.- CbIHOS§.U.
CnOBa coceč, lIepm B eAL-1HCTBeHHOM 4L-1Cne npL-1HL-1MaIOTOKOH4aHL-1e C
::..a:uJ;rrl.IalOll.!L-1ML-1rnaCHbIML-1: coc§.oa,'-Iepma, COc§.oy, '-Iepmy, a BO MHO>KeCTBeHAOM 4~cne
aHL-15'lCO CM5'lr4alOll.!L-1ML-1rnaCHbIML-1: COc§.Ou, '-I§ilJmu, coc§.oeu, '-Iepmf!.U L-1T.A .
...,••,~~vBaHL-1e MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna Y cnos: yxo, .Q.KO, Hf!.60, ~YAo(zázrak), CYAHO (loď).
\IIMěH CYll.!eCTBL-1TenbHbIX QKO,yxo npn CKnOHeHL-1L-1K nepeXOAL-1T B ~, a x B W: yxo §.U,
QKO - QlIU, Oll§.U (ynorpečnsercs nL-1Wb B xYAO>KeCTBeHHOC1 rurreparype L-1
..".......~""'"'ulvpe).
OBa H§.60, '-Iyoo B MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4L-1Cne paCWL-1p5'lIOT ocaosy cycpq:mKcoM -ec-:
e6ec§., He6f!.c, He6ec§.M; '-Iyoo - '-Iyoec§., '-IY0f!.c, '-Iyoec§.M.
•• OBO cyoHo L-1MeeT B MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4L-1Cne cpOpMy cyo§. - cyoQs.
nneTL-1BHOe 06pa30BaHL-1e MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1CIla y CIlOB ~enoBf!.K, p'e6eHoK;
::V01\'=~\lITenbHOe uenoee« očpasyer MHO>KeCTBeHHoe 4L-1CnO OT OCHOBbl rnoo-: uenoee« -
22
_ u, moogu, mooRM, o mooRX, c mOObMy'. EALtlHCTBeHHOMY 4LtlCny cnosa pe6eHOK BO
o eCTBeHHOM 4LtlCne COOTBeTcTByeT no 3Ha4eHLtlto CYLl.\eCTBLtlTenbHOe ogmu, oemgu,
~mRM, oemgu, o ogmRx, oembMy'.
Bropoe CKnOHeH&.1e
Ko BTOPOMY CKJlOHeHLtltoOTHOCHTCHcyuiecraarensuste C OKOH4aHLtleM -a, -H B
\I1MeHLtlTenbHOMnanexe eALtlHCTBeHHoro 4\11Cna: WKQna, HeognR, §}JMUR. n04TLtl sce OH\I1
xeuckoro pozia, KpOMe HeKOTopblX CYLl.\eCTBLtlTenbHbIX My)f(CKOro Ltl«ofiuiero« pozia IOHowa,
OHOR,B§!HR, cyobH., cupomg.
OCHoBHble naAe)f(Hble cpOpMbl:
Ep.\o1HCTBeHHoe 4\o1CI10 My>K. pop. 06~\o1(;í pop.
Vl. wKQn-a Heogn-R §}JMU-R emam-bH tonotu-e cupom-e
P. wKQn-bl Heogn-u §}JMU-U emam-by' IOHOW-U eupom-bl
,Q. wKQn-e nečen-e §}JMU-U cmem-se, tonotu-o cupom-e
B. wKQn-y Heoen-fO §}JMU-fO cmem-uo fOHOW-y cupom-y
n.(o) WKQn-e Heogn-e §}JMU-U emam-bg fOHow-e cupom-g
T. WKQJ)-OU Heogn-eu §}JMu-eu cmem-sěů tonoiu-eů cupom-oů
MHO>KeCTBeHHoe 4\o1CI10
Vl. WKQn-bl Heogn-u §}JMU-U emam-by' fOHOW-U cupom-t»
P. WKQn Heognb §}JMU-U cmem-eů tonoui-eů cupom
,Q. WKQn-aM Heogn-RM §}JMU-RM emam-bHM tonotu-et» cUPQm-aM
B. WKQn-bl Heogn-u §}JMU-U ema-by' tonotu-eů cupQm
n.(o) WKQn-ax Heogn-Rx §}JMU RX cmem-sstx tonoui-ex cupom-ex
T. WKQn-aMU Heogn-RMu §}JMU-RMU emam-bHMU fOHow-aMU CUpOm-§!MU
3aMe\faH&.1H 06 oTAenbHblX nanexcax
B T B o P \11Ten b H o M naziexe eALtlHCTBeHHoro 4LtlCna, KpOMe OKOH4aH~~ -OH, -eň,
-eH, MOryT 6bITb-oKOH4aH\I1H -010, -ejo, -ějo. flepeste ecrpe-rarorca -rauie B paaroaopaoň
pe4V1, sropue BCTpe4atoTCH B KH\I1)f(HO~pe4\11, ocočeaso B n033\11\11;Hanp.6cmpgmumbcR c
noopyeou, no opye o10; e eepoy.Heií, eepoy'HelO.
CYLl.\eCTB\I1TeI1bHble C OCHOBO~ Ha Ll.\\I1nHLl.\\I1e>K,\f,W,~, \11~ B TBOp\l1TeI1bHOM naaexe
eA\I1HCTBeHHoro 4\11Cna\I1MetoT OKOH4aH\I1e-OH (-010), eCI1\11YAapeHLtle naaaer Ha OKOH4aH\I1e
C6el{§! - c6el{Qií, Me){{§! - Me){{Qií, 06l.{§! - 06l.{Qií, \I1n\l1OK04aH\I1e -eH (-elO), eCI1\11YAapeH\I1e
naAaeT Ha OCHOBY:myl{a - mYl{eií, epywa - epyweií, fOHowa - IOHoweií, ynUl.{a - ynul.{eií.
B \11H \11T e I1 b H bl ~ nanex eA\I1HCTBeHHoro 4\11CI1aCYLl.\eCTB\I1TenbHbIXsroporo
CKJlOHeH\I1H\I1MeeT OKOH4aH\I1e-y, -10: 6y')I{}I WKQny, eepOy'HfO, Cm§!Hl.{UfO,6y'WHfO, yl{eHy'L{jI.
Bo MHO)f(eCTBeHHOM 4\11CI1eB\I1H\I1TenbHbl~ nanex He \I1MeeT ocočoro OKOH4aH\I1H,a
23
\II.n\ll pOA\IITenbHblM nap,e)l{aM\II. B\IIH\llTenbHblCí coanaziaer C
CKOM $'I3blKe, Y HeoAyweBněHHblX cyuiecrswrensastx: R BU)I(}'
u, cmenuuu. Ho, B OTm1l..1\11eOT -ieurcxoro sasnca, B\IIHL-1TenbHbICí
B M~CKOM pcne, C po,.o,L-1TenbHbIMy cyurecrsarensxstx, xoropsre
:::5:::::;::;;::::'!;~-:- -:;:--lr';::"::tněHHble npeAMeTbl: R BU)I(}' yL{eHy'u" zepoy'Hb, ecmpemurt yL{y'menbHuu,
APr~ ~~~'- •• ~~ky" učitelky).
H o e Ll L-1C n o. P o ,.o,L-1Ten b H bl Cí n a A e )I{
HblCí naziex MHO)l{eCTBeHHoro LlL-1Cnay cy~eCTBL-1TenbHbIX 2-ro
OO!:.lI<J-IOBeHHOHe L-1MeeTHL-1KaKOrOOKOHLlaHL-1$'1:yL{eHy'L{b1- yL{eHy'u" wKQnbl -
0.3, cupQmbl - cupQm, cm§1Pocmbl - cm§1Pocm.
~-"I~·~'4""T'R\llTenbHbIX C M$'IrKOCíOCHOBOCíB po,.o,L-1TenbHOMnaaexe MHO)l{eCTBeHHoro
Si B KOHl.\e M$'IrKL-1Cí3HaK: HeognR - Heognb, nomgpR - nomgpb.
L-1n$'l~L-1X)K,'I,W,~ B po,.o,L-1TenbHOMnaaexe MHO)l{eCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna6yKBa b
-:Z~iC5I.: 3aO§1.L{a- 3aO§.L{,nQ)Ka - nO)K, myL{a - myL{, zpywa - zpyw.
Topble CYUjeCTB~1TenbHble Ha lK, 'I, W, ll\ B pOAHTenbHOM naziexe MHOlKeCTBeHHoro '1HCna HMelOT OKOH'IaHHe
-_ uieů, 6Q)/()/(U - 60)/()/(!t.U, C6e'!§. - C6e'!!t.U (u C6e'!), MeJK§. - MeJK!t.U u (MeJK).
OHLlaHL-1e-eH B pO,.o,L-1TenbHOMnaaexe MHO)l{eCTBeHHOrO 4L-1Cna BCTpeLlaeTC$'I y
rpynn cy~eCTBL-1TenbHbIX:
OB npeL-1MYLlleCTBeHHO My)l{CKOro L-1očuiero pcna: OHOR- OHOeU,IOHOWa&;aueií-"
mUXQHR - mUXQHeU;
CYLlleCTBL-1TenbHbIX xeacxoro pozia memst - měmeů, OQnR - Oongu ,
CYLlleCTBL-1TenbHbIX TL-1nacmambH C y,.o,apeHVleM Ha OKOH4aHVlVI: cmambH -
gU, CyObH.- cyogu, ceMbH - ceMgu, CBUHbH.- CBUHgU VI,.o,p.
----3. Y CYLlleCTBVlTenbHblX Ha -MI B pOAL-1TenbHOM nanexe MHO)l{eCTBeHHoro LlVlcna B
....-/ --
e -eH, ecnu y,.o,apeHL-1enaaaer Ha OKOH4aH~~ (cmemss; - crnemeů, CyObEt - cyogu);
"..---
YAapeHVle naziaer Ha OCHOBY, nVlWeTC$'I f~ zQcmbR - eocmuů, neByHbR - neByHuu,
anyHbR - WaflyHUU, 60nmyHbR - 6onmyHuu, KonoyHbR - KonoyHuu VI,.o,p.
~
4. Y CYLlIeCTBVlTenbHblX Ha -HH (H6nOHR, By'WHR) B po,.o,VlTenbHOM naaexe-.
ecrseaaoro 4L-1Cna nVlWeTC$'I -b, ecnn nepe,.o, -HH CTOVlT rnaCHblCí: H.6nOHR- H.6nOHb. / "
- )l{e nepeA -HH CTOVlTcorrtacasiň VlnVl H, TO b He nL-1WeTC$'I:By'WHR-- By'weH, ngcHR eceH,
L{Um§!1bHR - L{Um§!1eH HO 6§1.HR- 6aHb, zepOy'HR - zepOy'Hb. VlCKllIO'IeHHe: iJep§.6HR - iJepe6§.Hb,
24
- KYXOHb, 6s.pbIUlHR - 6s.pbIUleHb.
,...-:.,
5. npVl CTe4eHVIVI cornaCHblX B KOHl.\e OCHOBbl B pOAL-1TenbHOM naaexe
eCTBeHHoro 4L-1CnaY cYLlIeCTBL-1TenbHblx 2-oro CKnOHeHVI$'I nO$'lBn$'lIOTC$'I6ernble
acaue 0, e, e.
a) 4aLlle acero BCTaBn$'leTC$'I rnacHblC1 e:
• nepe,.o, H, M, n Hanp.: oQMHa - oQMeH, COCH§1.- cQceH, ngcHR - ngceH,By'wHR - By'weH,
cn§!1bHR - cn§!1eH, oepgBHR - oepeBgHb, 3eMnH - 3eMgnb, K§1.nnR- K§1.nenb,c§.6nR- c§.6enb,
25
8§lcfJnR- 8§lcpenb, mycpnR - mycpenb; C8§lOb6a - c8§loe6, cyob6§l - cyoe6;
• nepeA K: 08QUKa - 08QeK, mpoůr« - mpQeK, Kon~UKa - Kon~eK, KHy)KKa - KH!::!.)({eK,
O~80'1Ka - O~80'1eK, uepywKa - uepyweK, '1§lWKa- '1§lWeK, '1§lUKa- '1§leK,8Hy'1Ka - 8Hy'1eK;
• nepeA Lf 08L@ - 08~l.{, 08~l.{a - 08~el.{;
6) 6ernoe o n071Bn71eTC71nepen cornaCHblM K nocne npenurecrsyiouiero rsépnoro
cornaCHoro (KpOMe )({, W, l.{): 6~nKa - 6~nOK, OOCK§l- OOCQK,n§l8Ka - n§l80K, cK§l3Ka - CK§l30K,
M§lPKa - Mm:;OK, KY.KJ7a- KY.Kon,npQ6Ka - npQ60K, nQnKa - nQnOK;
B) B OTnll1l.lll1eOT -reurcxoro 7l3blKa,6ernblllí rnaCHbl1lí He BCTaBn71eTC71nocne TBěPAblX
cornacasrx nocne p, n, H 111ry6HblMII1 cornaCHbIMII1:uep§l - uep, !::!.CKpa- UCKP,uen§l - uen,
HQPMa - HOpM, cpQPMa - cpOpM, K§lcpeopa - K§lcpeop, u36§l - u36.
@CYLl..\eCTBII1TenbHoe KYpUl.{a ofipasyer MHO)f(eCTBeHHoe l.lll1cno OT APyrollí OCHOBbl:
KYPbl, KYP, HO KypUl.{bI, ecnu pe-re II1AěTO cauxax, II1nll1B COl.leTaHII1I11MQKpble KYPUl.{bI,T.e.
B71nble, čeaaonsasre nlOAII1.
Tpevre CKnOHeHHe
'K rperseray CKnOHeHlI11OOTHOC71TC71cnosa xeucxoro pozia, II1MelOLl..\lI1eB
II1MeHII1TenbHOM nanexe eAII1HCTBeHHoro l.lll1cna M71rKOeaynesoe OKOHl.laHlI1e,ocpopraneao
l.lepe3 MfirKII111í3HaK b (mempeo», «ocmu, HO%, MOnOOe)({b, čeep», PO)({b), cpezn+ero pona Ha
-MJ! (Y.MR,ep~MR, 3H§lMR), cnOBO ttymts My)f(CKOrO pczia 111ouma cpenuero pozia,
OCHOBHble naAe)f(Hble cpOpMbl:
E,I\~HCTBeHHoe 4~C110 MHO)l(eCTBeHHoe 4~C110
V1. memp§lOb MblWb memp§lO:-U MbIW-U
P. memp§lO-U MbIW-U memp§lo-eu Mblw-eu
,Q. mempgč-u MbIW-U memp§lO-RM Mblw-aM
»<;
B. memp§lOb MblWb memp§lO-U Mblw-eu '"
n.O memp§lO-U O MbIW-U o memp§lO-RX O uuiu-ex
T. memp§lO-blO MblW-blO memp§.O-RMU MbIW-§.MU
np~Me4aH~fI K npaecnacaumo na,l\e)l(HblX OKOH4aH~1ií3-bero CK110HeH~fI:
• B ~MeH~Tel1bHOM naaexe e,l\~HCTBeHHoro 4~Cl1a ecerna naurercs -b, B TOM 4~cl1e ~ nocne uransuiax:
«ocms, cmenu, HOL/b, neLIb, pO)/(b,eeU{b, «ucms, CUP§.Hb, corus, 60n§.3Hb, cuenocme, enu, ttum. ~ T.n.
(CpaBH~Te c npaeonacaaaea 6e3 b CYLl.lecTB~Tel1bHbIX My)l(cKoro poaa Ha w~nflLl.l~e nYLI, HO)/(, Mf/L/, nneiu;
KapaHčJ§.w, moespuui ~ pO,l\~TeIlbHoro nanexa CYLl.leCTB~TeIlbHbIX 2-oro CK110HeH~fI Ha w~nflLl.l~e: ceeu, «etu,
nox, KPb/W, KO)/().
• B TBop~TeIlbHOM naaexe Y CYLl.leCTB~TeIlbHbIX 3-bero CK110HeH~fI )I(eHCKOro pona nauierca OKOH4aH~e blO:
memp§.čJb - mempečuao, Kocmt» - KQcmblO, MOflOčJě)/(b- MOflOčJě)/(blO, 60fl§.3Hb - 60fl§.3HblO.
• B pO,l\~TeIlbHOM na,l\e)l(e MHO)l(eCTBeHHOrO 4~CIla Y CYLl.IeCTB~TeIlbHbIX 3bero CK110HeH~fI naurercs -eň:
memp§.čJu - memp§.čJeu, KQcmu - Kocm!:,u, HQL/U- HOL/!:,U,60fl§.3HU - 60fl§.3HeU.
• Bo MHO)l(eCTBeHHOM 4~CIle B~H~TeIlbHbllií na,l\e)l( coananaer C ~MeH~TeIlbHbIM (y CYLl.IeCTB~TeIlbHbIX,
r~I
CTBeHHOe 4111C110 MHO>KeCTBeHHoe 4111C110
amb OOI./b M§.m-ep-u oQI./-ep-u
§.m-ep-u oQI./-ep-u Mam-ep-§.il oOI./-ep-§u
§.m-ep-u oQI./-ep-u Mam-ep-H.M OOI./-ep-H.M
amb OOI./b Mam-ep-§u oOI,{-ep-gu.
§.m-ep-u o oQI./-ep-u o Mam-ep-H.X o oOI./",:ep-H.x..
§.m-ep-blO oQI./-ep-blO Mam-ep-H.Mu OOI./-ep-flMU
0603Ha4alOLL\II1X HeoAyweB11ěHHble npeAMeTbl) 11111111C pOAII1Te11bHbIM (y CYLL\eCTBII1Te11bHbIX, 0603Ha4alOLL\Lt1X 11Lt14
11111111>KII1BOTHbIX). R Hecy' memp!!Ob. Ho: R s!::!.oena 6!!.nblx MbIW!!.U.
Oco6eHHOCTI1 naAe)l<HblX OKOH\faH"H 3-bero CKflOHeH"H
Hexoropsre cyuiecrsarenssue 3-bero CKnOHeHItls:! B rsopwrensuou naaexe
MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4V1cna, HapaBHe C OKOH\.jaHV1eM-HM". MOryT V1MeTb V1OKOH4aHV1e-bM":
OeePB.MU - oeepbMy" KocmB.MU - KocmbMy" OOl./epB.MU- OOl./epbMy" nOWaOB.MU -
nowa"'bMQ.
C eCTBV1TenbHoe nym» eAV1HCTBeHHoe cnOBO MY>KCKOrOpona, koropce OTHOCV1TCs:!K
J-I~I;.N CKnOHeHV1IO. OHO CKnOHs:!eTCs:!KaK Bce ocrartsaue, HO B TBopV1TenbHOM naaexe
en!~"ICT"BeHHOrO 4V1cna V1MeeT OKOH4aHV1e -eM: ttyměs»,
• ecrsarertsaste Mamb V1OOI./bBO scex nanexax, KpOMe V1MeHV1TenbHoro V1BV1HV1O
eAV1HCTBeHHoro 4V1cna, V1MeIOTnepezi OKOH4aHV1eM -ep-:
-pbMU·
• Oc06eHHOCTV1 Ha6nIOAaIOTCs:! TaK>Ke Y CYLl.\eCTBV1TenbHblx cpenuero pona Ha -MR
B ex naaexax, KpOMe V1MeHV1TenbHoro V1BV1HV1TenbHoro eAV1HCTBeHHoro \.jV1cna,OHV1
,o.~e«:OTnepezi OKOH\.jaHV1eM-ea-: epgM-eH-u, 3H§.M-eH-u, y'M-eH-u, cgM-eH-u, nn§.M-eH-U.
ecrsarensuoe oumB. V1MeeT B cpopraax eAV1HCTBeHHoro 4V1cna paCWV1peHHY-/O OCHOBY
a -'5IT (oum-em-u); 3TV1cpOpMbl yCTapeBWV1e.
26
E,D,MHcTBeHHoe 4111C110 MHO>KeCTBeHHoe 4111C110
epgMR oumH. epeM-eH-§. ogmu
epgM-eH-u Oum-H.m-u epeM-eH oem-euepgM-eH-u
Oum-H.m-u epeM-eH-§.M ogm-RM
epgMR oumH. epeM-eH-§. čem-eů
epgM-eH-u sum-em-u o epeM-eH-§.X ogm-Rx
epgM-eH-eM oum-nm-eů epeM-eH-§.Mu oem-bMy'
CYLl.\eCTBV1TenbHblx Ha -MH AeCs:!Tb:epgMR, y'MR, 3H§.MR,nn§.MR, cgMR, 6pgMR, mgMR,
fU1§MR" eb/MR, cmpgMR.
• CnOBa nn§.MR, 6pgMR, eb/MR, mgMR He ynorpečnsnorcs BO MHO>KeCTBeHHOM 4V1cne.
• opva ponurensuoro naaexa MHO>KeCTBeHHoro \.jV1cnay 3TV1XCYLl.\eCTBItlTenbHbIX 6e3
aHV1s:!:uMeH§. - uMeH, epeMeH§. - epeMeH, 3HaMeHa - 3HaMeH. CnOBa CgMR (semeno) V1
27
cmp§.MR (třmen) B pOALtlTenbHOM naaexe MHO)f(eCTBeHHoro 4LtlCna LtlMelOT cpOpMy ceMEf..H,
cmpeMEf..H.
HeCK110HSleMble HMeHa cyuiecraareru.aere
Hexoropsre cyuiecraarensnsre B pyCCKOM 5l3blKe He CKnOH51IOTC51, T.e. LtlMelOT BO acex
naaexax ronsxo oAHy cpOpMy. TaKLtle cnosa asipaxator 3Ha4eHLtle pozia, 4LtlCna Ltl nanexa
ronsxo C\t1HTaKC\t14eCKLtl: 6e3 nanbmQ, npUWy'mb nyeoBUL{jI K nanbmQ, 60nbWQU Bb/60p
3y'MHUX nanbmg; ecmoemuuc» B MempQ, QKono MempQ, §.xamb Ha MempQ.
nOAaBl151IOLlIee 60nbWLtlHCTBO HeCKnOH51eMbIX cyuiecraurensasrx COCTaBn51IOT cnosa
LtlH0513bI4HOro npOLtlCXO~eHLtl51, OKaH4LtlBaIOLlILtleC51 Ha rnaCHblL.1. K TaKLtlM cnosara OTHOC51TC51:
1. V1H0513bI4Hble cnoaa Ha rnacasre -o, -Y, -10,- u, -e Ltlyziapace -á: MempQ, KaK§.o,
P§,ouo, nu6p§.mmo; paey, ma6y, MeH!Q, UHmepBb!Q,' §!1u6u, Kony'6pu, )/(anI03y" n§.HHU,
KaWH§., KQcpe, iuocce; aMnnY§1 6YP>K}'§16pa.
2. V1H0513bI4Hble Ha3BaHLtl51 nau xeacxoro nona: n§.ou, Mao§.M, MUCC,MY.CCUC,cpP§.Y.
3. Pycckue cpaMLtlnLtlLtl Ha-OBO, -aeo, npoacxonsume Ltl3 cpOpM ponnrensuoro naaexa
eALtlHCTBeHHoro 4\t1Cna: ,aYPHOBQ, Mepmeeeo, >KuB§.eo, 6enaeo; Mapy'R u 60py'c Xurnpoeo.
. 4. Pyccxae cpaMLtlnLtlLtl Ha -b/X, -UX (M~CK\t1e Ltl)f(eHCK\t1e) Kpyl.{eHb/X, 4epHb/X, ,aoney.x,
cynpyeu CeOb/X.
5. YKpaLtlHCK\t1e .no npoacxoxzie+uso My)f(CKLtle Ltl)f(eHCKLtle cpaMLtlnLtlLtl Ha -KO: Fonoes»,
flenKQ, <bpaHKQ,flHKQ, Becunenxo, KOHOpam§.HKo, WeBI.{§.HKo LtlAPyrLtle sepyccxae
My)f(CK\t1e \t1)f(eHCKLtle LtlMeHa Ltl cpaMLtlnLtlLtl Ha rnaCHblL.1: WeBapH§.03e, ťlortueiueunu, U6apypu,
Feme, rlOeQ, B§.pou, rYHQ, rappU6§!1bOU, WQY, ,aIOM~ 30nH..
6. Hepycckae )f(eHCKLtle cpaMLtlnLtlLtl Ha cornacusui, a raiose pyccxue cpaMLtlnLtlLtl Ha --Ul.{,
ecnu OH\t1·0603Ha4alOT nnu xeacxoro nona: Y epa)/(OaHy'Ha HQsaKa, y epa)/(OaHy'Ha FpueopU!!Ha,
yepa)/(OaHy'Ha nempQsu'"Ia - HO Y epa)/(O§.HKUHQsaK, Fpueopugn, nempQsu'"I.
7. MHOrLtle aepycckue reorapcpa-reckae Ha3BaHLtl51: T6uny.cu, CyXyMU, 60PH§.O, 4y.nu,
6PHQ, X§.nbcuHKu, Heeecgjcu, Ocno, TQKUOLtlAp.
8. He CKnOH51IOTC51 raiose coxpauiěuuue cnosa CWA, OOH \t1AP., HO B p51Ae cny-raes
B03MO)f(Ha KaK HeCKnOH51eMOCTb, TaK Ltl CKnOH51eMOCTb MU,a (MUHucm§.pcmBo UHocmp§.HHb/X
oen) - compYOHUK MU,aa, MXAT (apmy'cm MXATa), By3 (yl.{y.mbCR B By3e) \t1T.n.
Y,QAPEHV1E V1MEH CY~ECTBV1TEnbHbIX
AKl4eHTHble THnbl
B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM rurreparypuov 5l3blKe 60nbWLtlHCTBO CYLlleCTB\t1TenbHbIX (no
AaHHblM TonKOBblX Ltl opcposnavecknx cncsapeň - okono 34 000 LtlMeeT yCT0L.14\t1BOe, T.e.
H e n o A B \t1)f( H o e, Y A a P e H Ltl e. nLtlWb He3Ha4LtlTenbHa51 4aCTb (oxono 700) cnos
B1- YAapeHL-1e Ha OKOH4aHL-1L-1BO acex cpopMax eAL-1HCTBeHHoro L-1MHO)KeCTBeHHoro
e L-1MeHL-1TenbHOro nanexa MHO)KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna, B KOTOpOM YAapeHL-1e
a:e a OCHOBY: KOHb, KOH[i, KOH!f!., KOHf!.,o KOHf!.,KOHeM; K.QHL-1,KOH!!.U,KOH!!..M,KOHeu, o
OH!J..MU;nneLl.Q, nneLl~ nneLly" nneLl.Q, o nneLlf!., nneLl.QM; nn!!.4L-1, nne-t, nneLl!!M,
nneLl!!X, nneLl!!MU; ey6!! (ret), ey6g ey6f!., ey6y" o ey6f!., ey6.Qu; ey6bl, ey6, ey6!!M,
ey6!!x, ey6!!Mu.
L-1MeeT nOABL-1)KHOe YAapeHL-1e, HO OHL-1OTHOC51TC51K HaL-160nee ynoTpe6L-1TenbHblM cnosara.
BbIAen51IOTCH C eAYIOll1L-1e aKu,eHTHble TL-1nbl:
AKL\. nm A - enOABVl)KHOe YAapeHVle Ha OAHOM L-1TOM xe cnore OCHOBbl BO scex cpopraax:
3HaK, 3H!!J(a. 3 !!KY, 3HaK, o 3H!!Ke, 3H!!KOM; M!!Ma, M!!,Mbl, M!!,Me, M!!,My, O M!!,Me, M!!,MOU.
AIcJ..t.nm B - HenOABL-1)KHOe YAapeHv1e Ha OKOH4aHL-1VlBO scex cpopraax: cmon, cmong,
cm J o cmone, cmon.QM; cmong cmortoe, cmon!!,M, o cmonex, cmon!!,MU; Llepm~
'lep g e mf!., Llepmy':' o Llepmf!., Llepm.Qu; Llepmg uepm, Llepm!!,M, Llepmg o Llepm!!,x,
e ; menno, menrtg, menny" menno, o menng, menn.QM.
Tlm C - YAapeHVle Ha OCHOBe BO scex cpopMax eAL-1HCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna L-1.HaOKOH4aHVlVl
ex cpopMax MHO)KeCTBeHHoro 4L-1Cna: e.QPoo, e.QPooa, e.QPooy, e.QPoo, O z.QPooe,
OOM; eopoo~ ZOPOO.QB,eopoo!!,M, eopoo~ o eopoo!!,x, eopoo!!,MU; cn.QBo, cnoe«,
QSY, cn.QBO, o cnoee, cn.QBoM; cnoes, cnoe, cnoB!!,M, o crtoee», cnoB!!,MU.
TI B2- YAapeHVle Ha OKOH4aHL-1L-1BO scex cpopMax eAVlHCTBeHHoro.Vl MHO>KeCT,BeHHoro
••••••••••••• :>., KpOMe cpOpM BVlHL-1TenbHoro naziexa eA. 4Vlcna L-1VlMeHL-1TenbHOro L-1BL-1HVlTeJibHOro.~.
MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna, C YAapeHVleM Ha OCHOBe: eopfb eopg eop~ r.QPY,. o eop~
20o_o11-; r.Qpbl, eop, eop§.M, r.Qpbl, o eop§.x, eop§.MU.
THn C1 - YAapeHL-1e Ha OCHOBe BO scex cpopMax eAL-1HCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna L-1a-diopxse
menbHoro naaexa MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna, BO acex ocraru.uux
ex ax MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna YAapeHVle Ha OKOH4aHL-1L-1:3y6, 3l[6a, 3l[6y, 3y6, o 3l[6e,
~ \II;3y6bl, 3y6.QB, 3y6!!,M, 3l[6bl, o 3y6!!,x, 3y6!!,MU; eon«, B.QnKa, B.QnKY,B.QnKa, o B.QnKe,
8Q OM; B.QnKU, BonK.QB, BonK!!,M, BonK.QB, o BonK!!,X, BonK!!,MU.
28
nm O - ynapeune Ha OKOH4aHVlL-1BO scex cpopMax eAL-1HCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna Vl YAapeHVle
a CHOBe BO scex cpopwax MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 4Vlcna: 3Be30~ 3Be30g 3Be30f!., 3Be30y" o
38e3 !!.s 3Be30.QU; 3B!i.30bl, 3B!i.30, 3B!i.30aM, 3B!i.30bl, o 3B!i.30ax, 3B!i.30aMu;
"'"f'
. nm 01 - y,ll,apeHVle Ha OKOHLlaHVIVIBa acex cpopraax e,ll,VlHCTBeHHoro LlVlcna KpOMe
~ VlTenbHoro nanexa, VIy,ll,apeHVle Ha OCHOBe B BVlHVlTenbHOM nanexe e,ll,VlHCTBeHHoro
cna VI Ba acex naziexax MHo>t<eCTBeHHOrO LlVlcna: oyW!!, oywg oyW!!" o~wy, o oyW!!,
~g.iJ; O~WU,oyw, o~waM, o~wu, o o~wax, o~waMU.
CllopMa AK~eHTHbIl1 Tlm
A B BI B2
[..1. n.
rxnacc
O ~crarsa O ~ cnesg O rop~
EAHH- P. n. O KJl~cca O ~ CTaTbH O ~ cneasi O ropbl
crseaxoe ,Q. n. O KJl~ccy O ~crarse O ~cnesg DI ropg
B. n. +O xnacc O t CTaTbK> O ~ cne3y O r.Qpy
YHC1l0 T. n. O KJl~CCOM O • crarsěň O ~ cne3.QH O , rop.QH
n. n. • O xnacce O • crarse O ~cnese O • rope
[..1. n. I O KJl~CCbl O ~ CTaTbH O cněast O r.QPbl
MHOlKe- P. n. I O KJl~CCOB 04~ cTaT~H O cněs O rop
crseaaoe ,Q. n. I O KJl~CCaM O T CTaTb.!!,M O cneaara O rop~M
B. n. I O KJl~CCbl O tcrarsa O cněas: O r.QPbl
YHC1l0 T. n. I. O KJl~CCaMVI O CTaTb.!!,MVI O cne3~MVI O rop~MVI
'. .. n.n. II O xnaccax O crarsax O Ocnesax ropax
CllopMa - AK~eHTHbIH ran
.- C CI D Dl
[..1. n.
• O nec I O n~6e,ll,b 04 LlVlcno O , ,ll,Yw~
EAHH- P. n.
• O n~ca I O n~6e,ll,~ 04 LlVlcna O , p,yW,!:!
craeaaoe ,Q. n.
• O n~cy I O n~6ep,1O 04, LlVlcny
~ I1YWj!
B. n.
• O n~c I O n~6ep,~ 04, LlVlcno O p,ywy
YHC1l0 T. n.
• O neCOM I O n~6ep,eM 04• 4V1cnOM O P,YW.QH
n. n.
• O
nece I O ne6ep,e 04, 4V1cne O p,ywe
[..1. n. 0'4 necg I O n~6ep,VI
n4,!:!cna
fl
p,yWVl
MHOlKe- P. n. 04 neCOB O ne6e~H LlHcen AYW
CTseHHoe ,Q. n.. 04 necau O ne6eA.!!,M LlHcnaM p,ywaM
B. n. 04 neca
Dl .ne6e~H
H
4,!:!cna p,yWVl
YHC1l0 T. n. 04 necaMVI
~.ne6ep"!!MVI 4,!:!cnaMVI p,ywaMVI
n. n. 04 necax ne6eA.!!,x 4Hcnax p,ywax
YC1l0BHble o603Ha4eH~~:
• yp,apHa~ OCHOBa
• yp,apHoe OKOH4aH~e
O 6e3yp,apHa~ OCHOBa
O 6e3yp,apHoe OKOH4aH~e
29
npHMepbl cnos K ,D.aHHbIM nmaM Y.QapeHl-1R
CnOBa t-oro CKJ10HeHH5I
MY)KCKO- p o n
THn A;.
(oxono 1 500 cnos)
Ca OAYKTl-1SHblllí; K HeMY OTHo'C51TC51:
• sce HeCnaS51HCKl-1e cnosa, KpOMe runa oQKmop - oOKmop§. (C), O.QHOCnO)KHble
Il"I..llnrnl"'nt"\)KHble cnosa: «necc, nep«, nne«, nump, uemp, «epe, mexcm, uienc, Mgmoo,
mQP, oOK}/MgHm, Maea3y'H, asmQ6yc, eccucmeum, UH)KeHgp, penopmep ...
Haa::--lJ l4e 115l: pyn», SUHm, nocm, 6UHm (B).
• cnosa Ha -mens (KpOMe yl..{y'menb): uumemen», SbIKnIOI..{§.menb,3HaMeH§.menb ...
e cnosa, OKaH4l-1SalOl..4l-1eC51Ha -aH, -RH: xynue§.H, senUK§.H, epy6UH.H...
e CnO)KHble cnosa: newexQo, 3eMneogneu" caoosQo, pbI60nQs ...
e rtpacraso-rasre (O,D.HOCnO)KHble l-1MHOrOCnO)KHble) cnosa. SKnao, 6K}/C, S3Max,
I cayc«; 3§.nax, SbIXOO,nocgs, pa3pb/S, npy'eopoo, paccK§.3, pa3eosQP ...
O.QHOCnO)KHbIX cnos ece cyuiecraareneasre, 0603Ha4alOl..4l-1e 3BYKl-1: eoů, eyn, 3SyK,
al..{,neů, pěe, ceucm, cxpurt, cmon, pblK, cmy«, mpec« l-160nbWl-1HCTBO
crrrsaronsaux cYl..4eCTBl-1TenbHbIX: 3HaK, cnyx, euč, cnop, ceem V1CKnI04eHl-1R60u (C), cyo
~ .a3SaHl-151 nepeasea (KpOMe oy6 (C): 6YK, «né«, epa6, muc.
CTanbHble: - C OKOH4aHl-1eM Ha -bR B MHO)KeCTBeHHOM 4l-1Cne: cmyn, 6pam, KQnoc ...,
ecrsareneusie C cyq.)(pl-1KCOM -OHOK, eHOK: meneno«, SOnI..{QHOK,MeOSe)KQHOK...,
;t::l..~lpOBaHHble O.QHOCnO)KHble cyuiecrsarensuue: npee, 6paK, oeo, SHyK, une«, 6ec, mpyc,
a::~x. epys, KnUH, sueů, eea, pe«, «epn, RO, mpyn, SUXpb, epao, xptu«, MaK, oyx, eč; peů.
B:
.',..,•••~nn 1 700 cnos)
. Op,HOCnO)KHble l-1CKOHHOpyccxue cnosa, OKa4l-1BalOl..4l-1eC51Ha Wl-1n51I..4l-111í3ByK l-14:
al..{,KnIOI..{,ny», MRI./,e)K,HO)K,}?K, I..{U)K,cmpu;«, ěpu; epoui, nneiu 60pw" «neui
•••._,.•••....~ csuw" nnaw" )KHeu" I..{meu"nbcmeu,;
OnbWl-1HCTBO cyuiecrearensustx, OKaH4l-1BalOl..4l-1XC51Ha M51rKl-111ícornacauň: OO)KOb,
:::;;~~:.. py6nb, KpeMJ1b, nyn» (Honb), uep», usnen», rtym»;
nbWl-1HCTBO CYl..4eCTBl-1TenbHbIX, OKaH4l-1BalOl..4l-1XC51Ha -n, -m, -bIK: cepn, «nott, non,
30
n, cmonn, u,en, «ycm, «pecm, Kom, «pom, tutym, cxom, iuym, uium, saocm, xeocm,
m, 6UHm, euum, 30Hm, 6blK l-1R3bIK;
Ba Ha -yn: spyH, neYH,6eeYH, KonoYH, eoeopyt«, oneKY.H;
naposaanue cnosa: 6nUH, epe«, epeá, epex, epu6, aeop, )K'jK, nnoo, non«, npy»,
, cmux, cmon, cyo, mpyo, YM, xonv;
ponaeonasre cyurecrawrensuue C yp,apHbIMl-1 cyq.x'Pl-1KCaMl-1 B l-1cxop,HolIí cpopMe:
baC2~ 6at.UM~K, Man!}p, eOHI..{~, cnoeep», eap~)KJ MOHm~)K, 60e§.l..{,wan~t.U, uepmě»;
npooas!!.u" cmepg«, epy30S!:!.K, 60nbweS!:!.K, MOCKS!:!.I./,uepo«, MonomQ.K,l./aCOSLU,J:!.K,MaflblW.
Tan B1: (5 cnos) uepet», KOHb, eeoso», epy30b (ryzec peprný), yeonb.
Tan C: (oxono 250 cnos)
Flpeočnaaaror HeoAyweBněHHble cyuiecrearensuue C TBěPAblM OKOH4aHV1eM.
1. Bce cyuiecranrensusre C YAapHblM OKOH4aHV1eM -a, -R B V1MeHV1TenbHOMnaaexe
MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro 4V1cna: eQPoo, nec, §.opec, «peů, nye, memepee ...
2. Onyureanéxasre cyuiecreareru.aue C V1MeHV1TenbHbIM naAe)l(OM MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro
4V1cna Ha -e»: opye (OPY3b3), MyJK (MyJKb3), KyM (KYMOSb3), CblH (CbIHOSb3);
3. Heonyuieaněaaue cyuiecrearensuue (onuocnoxasre) C V1MeHV1TenbHbIM naAe)l(OM
MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro 4V1cna Ha -bl, -H: nao, tutye, Kf7aCC, 60u, «ec, nyo, cač, 60p, oy6, Meo, cup,
scep, «eec, iused: nup, 6afl, mope, tuee, pRO, M03e, S03, eepx, een, Kpye, nom, nap, cnoů,
HOC,cneč, čone, oap, MUP, wap, xop, epoč, poo, cyn, yc, u,sem, uocm; B npeAnO)l(HOM
nanexe eAV1HCTBeHHoro 4V1cna Y HV1Xnocne npennoros s V1Ha YAapHoe OKOH4aHV1e -y, -10.
THn C1:
(76 cnos)
Onyureaněaasre cyurecrenrensaue: 60e, I./epm, eop, eocms, ngKapb, n§PeHb, seep»,
eort«, nocs, cS260nb, eyc», ng6eob, eS2ny6b...
HeoAyweBněHHble: non, 3y6, eonoc, HS2eomb, KS2eomb,nS2Komb, epoM, K§.MeHb,
KQPeHb,"'Cmg6enb, JKenyob, eoé, cnoe, S26pyl./, tppoum, nopm, mOH (3SyK V1TV1nC).
THn D:
(14 cnos)
1. Heonyuieanénus:e cyuiecrsarensuue, V1MeIOLI..\V1eB V1MeHV1TenbHOMnaaexe
MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro 4V1cna -bH: CYK,Kf70K, «on, rtucm, npym; oAyweBněHHble C V1MeHV1TenbHbIM
MHO)l(eCTBeHHoro 4V1cna Ha -H: Ka3§.K - Ka3aK§., Ka3aKfl. V1Ka3§.Ku;
2. YMeHbwV1TenbHble cyuiecraarensuue C 6ernblMV1 rnaCHbIMV1: 3y6S2K,POJKS2K,w,eHS2K,
CanOJKS2K,2J7a3S2K(3y6KU, PS2JKKU,CanS2JKKU,tuengm«, 2J7§.3KU).
CpeAHV1~ POA
THnA:
(oxono 4 900 cnos)
• Henpouaaonusre: eQPe, connu», nn§.mbe, 6mooo, Kpgcno, 3H§.MR,H.6noKo,
nonomenue, ogpeso (oepgsbR), ttpeeuno, JKeng30, Konb/mo, Kopb/mo ...;
• np0V13BoAHble - C YAapeHV1eM Ha cyqJCpV1Kce V1nV1Ha KopHe:oasngHue, cepogl./KO,
Kf7§.o6uw,e, nfl.so, p§.seHcmso, C02J7§.cue, y6gJKuw,e, nfl.I./UKO, secgnbe, 3pgnuw,e, cgMel./KO,
U3o§.menbcmso, omKpb/mue, Cme'Kf7b/WKO,§.smopcmso ...;
THn B:
(okono 130 crtos) ,
• Henpouaaonaue (nuun, HeCKonbKO cnoa): 6enbe, OI./KQjmetuto, o06pS2, mopscecmeo,
MonOKS2,cepe6pS2:
I)
31
~ == ==~~====~==========mc=========- ••""--------------""----"""----""""~
• A6como e 60nbWIIIHCTBO npencrasnsuor cočoň npoasaonasre CYL1\eCTBIIITenbHble C
YAapHblMIII cy caMIII:
-L{Q, -eL{Q: n eL{Q, BUHL{Q,py>KbeL{Q,·
-cm BQ:p BQ, 60nbWUHcmBQ, MacmepcmBQ, mOp>KeCmBQ, eetuecmeo;
-KQ: 6p = 03epKQ, YWKQ (omeepcmeue), MOnOI.{KQ,·
-nQ: 6a - = mer7f7Q,·
-Hbě, ě: cnaHb!k., BpaHb§.
-mbě, e: 6blmbe, >KUmbe, eums«, ttumeě, 6pumbe, Mblmbe, »umue;
-bě: ě, cblpbe, cmapbe, oypa%e, MY>KU%e.
T B (ronsxo 3 cnosa) nnel.{Q, KpbtnbL{Q, meepo,
C:
( Ba)
gpe, np§!BO, cnQBo, cm§!oo, BQUCKO,osn« meno, Mblno, M§..cmo, M§!CnO(M§!Cen),
~p{jL(,e, nfl§..MfI, y'MfI, C§..MfI,cmpeu«, BP§..MfI,H§..60, I.{yoo, cyoHo, KpY.>KeBo(KPY.>KeB),
, Q6naKo, 3§ljJKaflO.
1: (ronsxo 2 cnosa) QKO,yxo.
Ba ž-oro CKl10HeHHH
( 70 cnos)
:::~= ceno, l.{enQ, KpblnQ, flPMQ, 6enbMQ, OHO,3eeHQ, eUHQ, nepQ, nuL{Q, flUL{Q·(fI!d.L{),
ě, Konbe, ceonQ, oynnQ, eecrto, l.{ucnQ, nucbMQ, 6peeHQ, 3epHQ, nflmHQ, pe6pQ, 6eopQ,
:= flOpQ, KonbL{Q (Kon§..L{),cmesno, OKHQ,CyKHQ,MeHbWUHcmBQ, peMecnQ, nonomnq,
o (osepus, oeěpuee), eonOKHQ. nplllMe4aHllle: Y rpěxcnoxaux III xerupěxcnoxuux
B BO MHO>KeCTBeHHOM4111cnenaziaer yaapenae Ha npennocneaaaň cnor: peMeCRQ :::.ěcn«,
eepemeHQ - eepeměne.
ri
!
A:.
010700 cnos)
~ npOAYKTIIIBHbl~; K HeMY OTHOCHTCHsce CYL1\eCTBIIITenbHble c 6e3YAapHbtM
aHllleM -a, -fI (KpOMe OQnfl,oep§..BHfI). 3TOT run MO>KHOnerxo cnpenernrrs no OAHO~
Jl:-<Jooj;j- cnoeodioprae napaAlllrMbl. Hanp.: 6yM§!ea, KHy'ea, MameM§!mUKa, unuuuemuee.
8: (410 cnos)
onpOAYKTIIIBHbl~; K HeMY OTHOCHTCHMHOrlt1e BOCT04Hble 3alt1MCTBOBaHIt1HIt1
CTč:p<)CnaBHHIt13Mbl: meůee, eo§!, MyK§!, >Kap§!,yx§!, cyem§!, eocnO>K§!,KHfI>KH§!,KOpM§!,Mel.{m§!,
§!, 6aWK§!, neneH§!, I.{epm§!, I.{enyx§!, epyHO§!, l.{ewYE1KOHyp§;
• Aanee K HeMY OTHOCHTCHcnosa C YAapHblMIt1 CYCPcplt1KCaMIt1-6a, -ea, -U3Ha, -HfI, -omnst,
« I -UHa, -ome, -L{a, -ea, -efl, -aTbfl (T n1060~ cornacasrň 3BYK): xoob6§!, 60pb6§!,
B§!,cUHee§!, HoeU3H§!, pe3HB., 6eeomHB., WUpUH§!, npocmome, weeB., eopO>KeB.,
( 104eHIt1e3Me3. - ran D), cmemug, cKaMbB., naObB., 6aObB., K}'mb3..
32
81: (oxorio 40 cnoa)
- enpop,yKH1BHblC1: cnese, H030PE1 ey6~ cepbe~ )f{ene3~ n51m~ eonne, cmpokg, cmpocbe,
ocmblHfi, 6nox~ ceel.{~ ckoeopoče, cK06~ eO)f{)f{~ cn060o~ mpotie, ttonoce, Me)f{~
Op030~ KonH~ sap3. (pacceem) - sQPu, sop», SQP51M,(sap3.M (ycrap.).
Tan 82:
(18 cnos)
- Henpop,yKTVlBHblC1:pyK~ Hoe~ eonoeg, 6opoo~ 60pOH~ cmopong, OOCK~ cmene, nop~
cpeo§. (oeHb neoenu), eop~ U{eK§..
Tan C1: (ronskc 2 cyuiecrenrensuux): oQn51,oepgeH51.
Tan D: (oKon0115 cnos)
- caMblC1 npop,YKTVlBHblC1cpep,VI TVlnOBC nOp,BVI>KHbIMyp,apeHVleM. ,QBycnO>KHble cnosa: us6~
mpy6§., mpeeg, enae§., eooe~ coe~ oye§., cpeo§. (oKpY)f{eHue), seeso§., opO§., KOS§.,pyO§.,
eposs, CKafl§., cmpene, nl.{en§., nune, cmpaH~ )f{eH§., eUH§., OnUH§., eOUH~ cmpyH§., uepg,
monne, HOp§., Oblp§., nuce, OC~ KOC§.(eonocu u opyoue), eepcmg, cecmpe (cemep), SMefi,
nrtumg, Memn§., eecH§., oecH~ COCH~ oel.{§. (oegl.{), mlOpbM~ cyOb3. (cyogu), ceMbfi, ceUHbfi,
cmpyfi, sap3. (pacceem, SQPU); rpěxcnoxasre (yaapeaae BO MH. 4V1cne Ha cpep,HeM cnore):
eucome, kpecomg, eny6uH~ Kon6ac§., ceOUH§., cKopnyn~ ompexosg, 6blcmpUH§., cupome,
cmeptuune, čoneomg, «ucnoms, nycmome, «ecmomg, eeml.{UH§., mouinome, (HO maeomg mgeorm»,
eenUI.{UH§., eenUI.{y'Hbi).
Tan D1:
(10 CI10B) - sce p,BycnO>KHble:eoo§., oyw§., seMnfi, (seMgnb), SUM§., cnuns, l.{eH§., (eepcme,
u36§., Koe§., peK§.). Bapaaurusre aK4eHTHble TVlnbl BCTpe4atoTC5l y cnenyiouiax
cyuiecrearensaux: eepcme. - eepcmy, U eěpcmy; u36§. - us6y U y's6y; KOC§.- KOcy U KQCY;
peK§. - peKY. u pgKY; cmpOK§. - cmpoKy U cmpQKY (81, 62, 01).
CnOBa 3-bero CKnOHeHHH
THnA:
(OK0I10 3100 CI10B)
- caMblC1npop,yKTVlBHblC1.K HeMy OTHOC5lTC5lonuocnoxuue, p,ByCI10>KHble VIrpéxcnoxasre
cnosa uenpoaasonaere VInpoaaaonsue. K Op,HOCllO>KHbIMnpaaaanexar n04TVI ace
cyuiecrearensuue, 06pa30BaHHble OT rnar0I10B VIVlMěH npanararensastx: msen», 6onb,
)f{USHb, Mblcnb, ues», nums, cess», Ka3Hb; Oaflb, euc», uen», epsts», nneius, ens, uen»;
• p,ByCI10>KHble: MeO§!7b, Oem§.nb, Moognb,cpopgnb, M03Qnb, eecmpon», eopm§.Hb,
MuepgHb; naOQHb, eapMQHb.
• npoasaonaste C cycpcpVlKcaMVI-enu, -SHb, -ocms, -nocmu: Konbl6gnb, Kangnb, 6ongsHb,
enpU3.3Hb, 603.SHb, p§.Oocmb, enynocms, saKQHHocmb, 063.SaHHOcmb, ny'cbMeHHocmb,
ompecru-, s§.noeeOb;
• TpěXCI10>KHble: eepmUK§.nb, Maeucmp§!7b, KapaMgnb, aKeapgnb, 6aHOepQnb.
Kflto4eHVl5l: HQeocmb, tuioctcocmts, nQnocmb, egooMocmb,OQn)f{HOCmb, Kpgnocmb,
33
ckopocm», xcropste VlMelOT YAapeHVl51 runa C1, T.e., Ha41-1Ha51C pOA1-1TenbHOro nanexa MH.
41-1Cna, Ha OKOH4aH1-11-1.
Tan C1: (75 cnos) - HenpoP,YKT1-1BHbICí.
- Op,HOCnO>KHble cnosa a) n04T1-1 ace Ha -ms, 6) Ha W1-1n51ll11-1e,B) ocransuue:
• a) uem», cmems, «netne, mpemu, cems, cuepm», cnecms, ertecms, uecrn»,
cmpecmts, uecme, eecms, «ucms, «ocms, iuepcme, eopcms;
• 6) neu», pe%, 00%, HO%, eeŮ{b;.
• e) OP06b, «poe», eemes, Zpyob, censo», uien», port», cons, meu», cmens, uen»,
ěeep», OCb, pblCb (6ez).
- AsycnO>KHble 1-1rpéxcnoxasre C yp,apeH1-1eM Ha nepBOM cnore: npQnoeeOb, u,~Koeb,
KP~nocmb, npy.cmaHb, M~nO%, nnQU{aOb, Ql{epeOb, ckemepm», l{§.meepmb, nQwaOb,
npQ ecms, nortocms; ctcqpocms; rmockocm», HQeocmb, c§.)I(eHb.
• OC06blCí ran nOp,B1-1>KHOrOyp,apeH1-151 npep,CTaBn51IOT c060~ 5 cyuiecrearensusrx:
b, mo6Qeb, eoiu», nox», PO)l(b, 1-13KOTOpblX ronsxo eoui» ynoTpe6n51eTC51 BO
. eCTBeHHOM 41-1Cneteiuu, euieů, ewaM ...). AaTenbHblCí1-1 npep,nO>KHbICí ep,. 4V1cna
ecraarenssoro eouss VlMeeT cpOpMy eiue.
6PA30BAHlt1E lt1MEH CY~ECTBlt1TEnbHbIX
Onocofiet o6pa30BaHHH cy~ecTBHTenbHblx
1. C y cp cp VI K C a 4 1-151 (cM§.n-ocmb, yl{y'm-enb )l(y.m-enb);
2. n p e cp VI K C a 4 1-151 (npy'-zopOO, npeo-nocn§.OHUU, noo-zpynna);
3. C y 6 C TaH T 1-1B a 4 1-151 npartararensaerx L-1npL-14aCTL-1Cí(6yoyU{ee, npouute«,
§.HOylOU{UU, sae§.oylOU{UU, 6§.OHbIU,pa6Ql.fuu, p§.HeHbIU, cmonoee», něesue);
4. C n o >K e H L-1e - cnaraiorca pasuue KOMnOHeHTbl (npa nOMolllL-1 VlHTepcpL-1KCa L-1nVl
~ aero): oeoU{expaHy'nuU{e, nempozp§.o, 6enopyl.fKa, uuoeomo-u»;
5. A 6 6 pes 1-1a 4 1-151 - cnoco6 06pa30SaH1-151 cnos Ha čase C04eTaH1-151 cnos:
a K§.cca, septutem«, «unesen, necocmens, xne6osaeQo, sooMazasy.H, cpomoannap§.m.
34
aBHeHWHe Cy<p<PHKCblHMeH cyuiecraareneasrx
Cnoaoofipaaoaarerusasre cycpcpL-1KCbl CYLlleCTBL-1TenbHbIX MO>KHO nonpaanerurrs Ha
ynnu:
nOMoLllL-1 Op,HL-1XCycpcp1-1KCOBOT rnaronos, npanararensaux L-1cyuiecrswrensaux
yIOTC51 cnoaa C HOBblM 3Ha4eHL-1eM: uutngm» - uumsmen», MonooQU - Monooě)l(b,
e 'b - K§.MeHU{uK.
2. nOMoLll1-1 zipyrax cycpcpl-1KCOB OT cyuiecrsarensastx očpaayiorcs uoaue cYLllecTBI-1e
ble, 0603Ha4alOLlII-1e re xe npep,MeTbl, HO C onpep,eněHHblM OTTeHKOM
bWl-1TenbHOCTI-1, yBenl-141-1TenbHOCTI-1, nackarenssocra, npeHe6pe>KI-1TenbHOCTI-1):
e a - énour», M§.wa - M§.weHbKa, Kom - Komy'U{e.
rI
Cycpcln1KCbl nepeoň rpynrua
1. Cycj:)(P~KCbl, očpaayioume H a 3 B a H ~ 51 n ~ 4 :
-rens: yf.{y'menb, nucemenu, cmpoumenu; y,o.apeH~e Ha OCHOBe;
-"IHK: němuu«, nepeBQOl/UK, eesemsue, YAapeH~e Ha OCHOBe;
-l1.1.HK:K§.MeHU{UK, 6emQHU{UK, f.{y'cmunbU{UK;
-e~: 60p~~,yKpay'He~, Boneoep§.Oe~,KOMcOMQne~;
-HHK, -HK: canQ>KHUK,nef.{H!!.K, KonXQ3HUK, 60nbweB!!.K, nepeOOB!!.K;
-HCT: mpesmopucm, cpym6on!!.cm, cpueyp!!.cm, y,o.apeH~e Ha cycpcj:mKce;
-aHHH, -~HHH, -HH: epa>KOaH!!.H,KpeCmb[!HUH, KUeBn[!HUH, IO>K§.HUH,60ne§.pUH;
-H"I, -OBH"I, -eBH"I: MOCKB!!.l/. np~ nOMOL4~3T~X Cycpcp~KCOBočpasyrorcs OT'-IeCTsa:
n§.Bf70eUl/, BaCy'nbeeUl/, HUKy'mU l/. Y cnos C cycpcp~KcaM~ -OBH"I, -eBH"I yziapeaae
naaaer Ha OCHoBy.
2. H a 3 s a H ~ 51 n ~ 4 )f( e H C Ko r o n o n a očpasyiorca npn nOMOL4~ cycpcp~KCOS:
-H~-a (OT My)f(CK~XHa -rens): yf.{y.menb • yf.{y'menbHu~a, nucemeru, . nuc§.menbHu~a;
K-a OT My)f(CK~XHa -e~: yKpay'Heu, • yKpay'HKa, neHUHep§.Oeu, . neHUHep§.OKa;
OT My)f(CK~XHa -HCT: mpaKmopy'cm . mpaKmopy'cmKa, MapKcy'cm . MapKCy'cmKa;
OT My)f(CK~XHa -H"I: MOCKBY.f.{• MOcKBy'f.{Ka;
OT My)f(CK~XHa -aHHH, ~HHH C 3aMeHO~ -HH Ha K: eOpO>K§.HUH. eOpO>K§.HKa,
Kp.ecmbH.HUH,. KpecmbH.HKa, 60ne§.pUH • 60ne§.pKa, IO>K§.HUH·1O>K§.HKa;
-au-a (OT My)f(CK~XHa -eu): KpaC§.Beu,· KpaC§!BU~a;
-"IH~-a, -l1.1.H~-a,-(H}H~-a (OT My)f(CK~XHa -"IHK, -l1.1.HK,(H}HK):nemf.{UK· něrnuuue,
ynaKQBU{UK • ynaKQBU{uu,a, yO§.pHUK• YO§.pHu~a.
Y,o.apeH~e y cnos 3TO~ rpynnu 06bl'-lHO coxpaH51eTC51Ha TOM xe cnore, '-ITO~ Y
CYL4eCTs~TenbHbIX My)f(CKOrOpona.
3. Cycpcp~KCbl ,o.n51 0603Ha'-leH~51 n p e ,o.MeT o s n o ~ x H a 3 H a '-I e H ~ 10
-HHK, -nbHHK: f.{§.UHUK,6yOy'nbHUK, 6yM§.>KHUK;y,o.apeH~e Ha ocacse:
-HH~-a: 60nbH!!.~a, cexepnuue, n§.nenbHu~a, f.{epHy'nbHu~a; y,o.apeHV1eHa ocaose:
-K-a, -nx-a, -aH(~H}K-a: maOQBKa, eeuiene», Monomy'nKa, 3eMn[!HKa; YAapeHV1e
Ha ocaose:
-ue (-be): no6ep§.>Kbe, npUMQPbe, 3aKaBK§.3be; yziapeaae Ha nocnenuev cnore OCHOSbl;
-(nb)H-~: cn§.nbHR, KYn§.nbHR, «yXHR, yMbIB§.nbHR, y,o.apeHV1eHa ocaose:
4. CycpcpV1KCbl,o.n51 0603Ha'-le.H~51 Ka '-Ie CT s, C S O ~ C T s, n p V13 H a K O S
-OCTb (-eCTb): CM§.nocmb, MQnooocmb, CB§.>KeCmb,IOHocmb; y,o.apeHV1eHa ocaose:
-or-a (-eT-a): ttpocmomg, tuupomg, HuU{em§.; y,o.apeHV1eHa OKOH'-IaHV1V1;
-H3Ha: HOBU3H§.,6enU3H§.; yziapeuae Ha OKOH'-IaH~V1;
-CTB-O, -eCTB-o, -eHCTB-O, -"IeHCTB-O: eepoůcmeo, MY.>Kecmeo, meopweomeo, .
nepeencmeo, uckyccmeo; y,o.apeHV1eHa ocaose:
- He, (be): Beny'l/Ue, usočunu«, eecentse, 300pQBbe, Cf.{§.cmbe; y,o.apeHV1eHa ocaose:
35
Cy<pqU1KCbl BTOpOH rpynnst
nepeA cycf:)(:p~KcaM~ BTOpoC1rpynnsi O'-leHb '-IaCTOnOCIleAH~C1 KopHeBOC1cornacasrň
~3MeH~eTC~ no npaaunara '-IepeAOBaH~s:! cornacasrx: pyK§. - py.l.IKa, Hoe§. - HQ)I(Ka, nnemo« nnamQl.IeK,
n§!1e14 - n§!1bl.lUK, oopQea - OopQ)I(Ka.
5. Cycpcp~KCbl AIl~ 0603Ha'-leH~s:! A e ~ C T B ~ s:! ~Il~ P e 3 y n b T a T a ~ n p o A Y K T a
A e ~ C T B ~ s:!:
-x-a: py.6Ka, o6pa6QmKa, paCCb/nKa, MQUKa, y6QPKa, e§.pKa; YAapeH~e Ha'OCHOBe;
-OK: CKaI./QK,mOnI./QK, ompeso«, cnuco«;
-(e)HH-e: npenoOae§.Hue, 3aceO§.Hue, yMgHue, uccneáoeenue, npoceeiuenue,
opouienue, Mb/wngHue, usočpemenue, čoomuscenue; YAapeH~e Ha oCHOBe;
-CTB-O: npouseoocmeo, ycmpoůcmeo; YAapeH~e Ha oCHOBe;
• Cycpcp~KC -CTBO ynorpečnaercs ~ B cočuparensxora 3Ha'-leH~~:l./enoegl./ecmeo,
cmyogHl./ecmeo.
6. Cycpcp~KCbl AIls:! 0603Ha'-leH~s:! e A ~ H ~ '-I H o C T ~:
-HHa, -HHKa: nbo!!.Ha, eopotuune, Kpyn!!.HKa, nbIn!!.HKa, CHe)f(!!.HKa.
• np~ nOMoLl\~ CYCPCP~Kca-HHa cčpaayiorcs rarose Ha3BaH~s:! Ms:!ca >K~BOTHbIX:
ceuH!!.Ha, 2oeE.oUHa, merumune, 6ap§.HuHa (vepřové, hovězí, telecí, skopové).
7. Cycpcp~KCbl AIls:! 0603Ha'-leH~~ MO n o A bl X >K~ BOT H bl X -OHOK, -eHOK: )f(epe6ěHOK,
nopocěuo«, uuriněno«, 3aUI.{QHOK,Mb/WQHOK, MeOee)f(QHOK, nucěno«, opněno«, KoměHOK;
YAapeH~e Ha nepaora cnore cycpcp~Kca.
MldWKa, BgHbKa, BonQobKa, Cepě)/(Ka, fQpKa, tt>gobKa, ngmbKa, BgpKa ." T.A. 3By4aT B pycCKoM rl3blKe rpyěo ."ny-nue
1. Y M e H b W ~ T e n b H o - n a C K a T e n b H bl C1orresox 0603Ha'-laeTCs:! npu nOMOl4~
cpcp~KCOB:
a: memp§.OKa, OQI./Ka,oopQ)f(Ka, KHId)f(Ka;YAapeH~e Ha OCHOBe;
e'laHHe: ~MeHaM co6CTBeHHblM CYCPCPI-1KC-xa npl-1AaeT He JlaCKaTeJlbHbll1, a n p e H e 6 p e x 1-1T e n b H bl 11OneHOK.
K36eraTb.
-ě«: nemyuiox, KOnOCOK,20pOOOK,neCOK, 020HěK, pYl.{eěK, nepeuě«; yziapeuae Ha·
eAHeM cnore:
QMUK, C§.OUK,cmonus, KapaHO§.WUK; YAapeH~e Ha OCHOBe;
-H4eK: cmaK§.Hl.IUK, cmy'nbl.lUK, HQ)f(Ul.IeK;YAapeH~e Ha OCHOBe;
~ e4K-a: ogeOl.lKa, M§.MOl.lKa, BgpOl.lKa, egmOl.lKa, HldHOl.lKa, KHId)f(el.lKa, cKaMgel.lKa;
,-.,.~ ..•.e Ha OCHOBe;
-a, oHbK-a, eHbK-a: flld3aHbKa, 6epe30HbKa, C§.weHbKa, Ham§.weHbKa, B§.ceHbKa;
~ e Ha CIlore nepeA CYCPcp~KCOM;
K-, -IQWK-: 6peeHblWKo, nepblWKO, KpbInbIWKO, ogoywKa, nQnIOWKO,
;, WKO; ynapeune Ha cnore nepen CYCPcp~KCOM;
- -o: 3gpKanb14e, oepee14Q.
36