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PoccHHCKaa OeAepanna-caMoe öojibinoe rocy^apcTBO b MHpe.HacejieHHe Ha 2012 roß-143 030 106 nejioßeic, TeppHTopna - 17 098 246 kb.km.
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hbjuhotch oÖJiacTHMH, 21 - pecnyöjiHKaMH, 9- KpaaMH, 2 - ropoAaMH (|)eAepajibHoro 3HaneHHa, 4- aBTOHOMHbiMH OKpyraMH, 1 - aBTOHOMHoft oÖJiacTbio.
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npeo6pa30BaHHH Hanana 2000-x toaob.
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raaBHOKOMaHAyiouiHM Boopy>KěHHbiMH CHJiaMH, Ha3HanaeT c corjiacH« TocyAapcTBeHHOH AyMbi üpeAceAaTejia npaBHTejibCTBa, npHHHMaeT penieHHe 06 OTCTaBKe npaBHTejibCTBa. Ilo npeAJio)KeHHK) npeAceAaTejni npaBHTejibCTBa HasHanaeT Ha aojdkhocth 3aMecTHTejieň IlpeAceAaTejiíi npaBHTejibCTBa h 4>eAepajibHbix mhhhctpob, a TaioKe ocBo6o>KAaeT hx ot Aojdkhocth. Ilpe3HAeHT B03rjiaBJKieT CoBeT 6e3onacHocTH, Ha3HanaeT h ocBo6o>KAaeT ot AOjdkhocth KOMaHAOBaHHe Boopy>i<eHHbiMH CHuaMH. OÖJiaAaeT npaBOM npeAJiaraTb Ha paccMOTpeHHe rocyAapcTBeHHoii AyMbi KaHAHAaTypbi Ha aojdkhoctb npeAceAaTejia U,eHTpanbHoro 6aHKa (He BXOAHinero b coeraB npaBHTejibCTBa). B cjiynae arpeccHH hjih HenocpeACTBeHHOH yrpo3bi arpeccnn EIpe3HAeHT HMeeT npaßo oöbHBHTb BoeHHoe nojio>KeHHe Ha Been TeppHTopHH CTpaHbi hjih Ha OTAeJibHbix TeppHTopnax, ho npn 3tom 0ÖH3aH He3aMeAJiHTejibHO H3BecTHTb o CBoěM peuieHHH OeAepajibHoe coöpamie. OÖJiaAaeT npaBOM H3AaHHH yKa30B, oôíoaTejibHbix Rím HcnojiHeHHJi Ha Bceö TeppHTopHH Pocchh (yKa3bi He AOJi>KHbi npoTHBopennTb (JjeAepaiibHbiM 3aKOHaM). OÖJiaAaeT TaioKe nejibiM paAOM
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3aKOHOAaTejibHyio BJiacTb ocymecTBJiaeT OeAepajibHoe coöpaHHe - napjiaMeHT, cocToamHH H3 BepxHeii (CoBeTa OeAepaHHH ) h hh5khch (rocyAapcTBeHHoíí gyMbi) nanaT. B CoBeT OeAepaHHH bxoa«t no Aßa npeACTaBHTejiH ot Ka>KAoro cy6i>eKTa (|>eAepaHHH,c 2000 roAa— Ha3HanaeMbie h H3ÖHpaeMbie npeACTaBHTejiH cooTBeTCTBeHHO HcnojiHHTejibHoro h 3aKOHOAaTejibHoro opraHOB BJiacTH cyöbeKTOB 4>eAepanHH. rocyAapcTBeHHaji AyMa coctoht
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HcnonHHTejibHyio BJiacTb ocymecTBJíaeT TlpaBHTenbCTBO.
CyaeGnyio BJiacTb ocymecTBJíaioT cyabi: KoHCTHTynnoHHbiH cyn, cyzibi o6meří řopncanKnHH bo rnaBe c BepxoBHbíM cy^om h ap6nTpa>KHbie cyabi bo rjiaBe c Bbiciiihm ap6nTpa>KHbiM cyaoM. B cy6beierax Pocchhckoh Oe^epauHH ^eňcTByioT KOHCTHTynHOHHbie (ycTaBHbie) cyaw. B cy^eGHyK) CHCTeiviy cy6beKTOB (})eflepaiiHH Bxo,aaT Taioice MnpoBbie cyflbH.
KoHTponb 3a co6niofleHHeM npaB h CBo6oa nejiOBeKa b .aeaTejibHOCTH rocyaapcTBeHHbix opraHOB h flOJDKHOCTHbix jihii npH3BaH ocymecTBJíaTb ynoJiHOMOHeHHbíM no npaBaM nejiOBeKa b Pocchhckoh Oe^epannH (oivi6yACMeH).
rio cocToaHHK) Ha 23 HioHa 2012 ro^a b Pocchh oc})HnHaJibHO 3aperHCTpnpOBaHbi b
COOTBeTCTBHH   C  Oe/jepajIbHblM  3aKOHOM  «0  nOJIHTHHeCKHX  napTHflX»  29 nOJIHTHHeCKHX
napTHH, H3 hhx b rocyaapcTBeHHOH Jlyue npe^CTaBjíeHbi 4: "E/niHaa Pocchh", KXIPO, "CnpaBczuiHBaa Pocena" h JmnP.
MHHHCTPbl:
HHOCTpaHHbix jxen - JlaBpoB Cepreň Bhktopobhh; oOopoHbi - Uloňry Cepren Ky>KyreTOBHH (J)HHaHCOB - CnjiyaHOB Ahtoh repMaHOBnn; cnopia - MyTKO BHTajiHH JleoHTbeBHH; Jlnaepbi napTHH :
„í!6jioko" TpHropHH .Hbjihhckhíí JI/JIIP BjraflHMHp )Khphhobckhh 'TIpaBoe aejío" AH^pen JXynaeB KIIPO reHHazi,HH 3ioraHOB "CnpaBe^JiHBaa Pocena" Cepren Mhpohob „EflHHaa Pocena" .Hmhtphh Me^Be^eB