Key to ex. 4 “Palaeontologists”: 1. have unearthed 2. have been digging 3. found 4. contained 5. has been trying 6. perished 7. existed 8. walked 9. have been found 10. has discovered 11. has been 12. were discovered 13. has produced 14. has allowed (from Foley & Hall: Longman Advanced Learner’s Grammar)