-24-
H3MEHEHHH B. JEKCffi-E pycCKOrO JfflTEPATyPHDro H3KKA B C03ETCKH2 IEPHOi
• JleKCHKa, Kan mh ya;e 3HaeM, TecHee jjjpyrnx ypoBHen H3HKa CBH3aHa c KH3HBK) n pearnpyeT Ha nponcxoflanne H3MeHeHHH. ConnajibHHe hsimkshiui b coBeTCKoe BpeMH bh3B3jih 3Ha^iHTeJibHHe H3MeHeHHH b jieKCHKe. HoBKe HBJieHHH
TpeÖOBaJIH HOMHHaiíHH. IIpOHCXOflHT nonOJIHeHHe pyCCKOrO H3HKa HOBLIMH CJIOBa-MH.  IIonOJIHeHHe pyCCKOrO H3HKa HOBHMH CJIOBaMH voo TpeMH, yse n3BeCTHHMn
HaM,nyTHMH:
1/ nyTěM oöpa30BaHHji Heojiorn3MOB, 2/ nyTěM 3anMCTB0BaHHíí,
3/ nyrěM ceMaHTH^ecKHX n3MeHeHnn«y&e cyqecTByioqnx cjiob.
1. IIonojMeroie JieKcnicn cjioBoodpa30BaTejibHBiMn He o jio r n3mbmh ' ÜOTpeÖHOCTb b HOMHHaiiHH yflOBJíeTBopfljiacb Ha öa3e yze cymecTByiomioc
cjiob. IIoflBJLHiOTCH nejme TeMaTH^ecKHe rpynnH, he ji souths ch Ha3BaHHHMH npo-cbeccnn: HegbTHHHK, ÖeTOHnpiK, ROMemipíK - 20-e rr., bhcothhk, paKeT^HK, aTOMUjHK - 40-e - 60-ě rr..
IIpOflyKTHBHLiM CTaHOBHTCH MeTOfl CeMaHTH*íeCKOrO CTffiKeHHH:
nHTHjieTKa, 3eHHTKa - 36HHTHoe opyflHe, BJieKTpnqKa - 3JieKTponoe3jj;, 3asnranKa - 3ajKnraTejibHan óoMÓa.
Oöpa30BaHHe hobex cjiob   nponcxo,n;nT TaKace c noMombio ycegeHng: čněn - cnennajmcT, 3aM - 3aMecTHTejib.
iiinpoKoe npHMeHeraie Haxo^T cnocoó aööpeBnaiTnn: CCCP, PCríCP, KIICC. ÜHorfla ÓepyTCH He ÖyKBH, a racra cjiob: kojixo3, cobxo3, JiHKÓe3 /jiHKBHfla-
UHH 6e3rpaMOTHOCTH/, KOMÖe^ /KOMHTeT ÖeflHOTH/.
ÜOHBJiHeTCH MHoro cocTaBHEDC HanMeHOBaHnn: KOHflHTepcKHe H3flejiHH, Topro-Ban TotiKa, xjieöoöyjioxoibie H3jj,ejiHH, rojiOBHHe yöopti. Tanne. pactíJieHěHHHe
COCTäBHHe HanMeHOBaHHÄ BH3BaHH ÓHJIH nOTpeÖHOCTblO 0Ö03Ha^OITb poflOBoe
noHHTne /TpaHcnopTHtie cpeflCTsa/.
2. 3anMCTBOBaHHfl. PyccKan JieKcnKa nonojiHHJiacb TaKace 3a c*íěT 3anMCTB0-BaHHří. OTKyfla h3hk 3anMCTBOBaji HOByio jieKCHKy? Ilpea^e Bcero H3 flnajieKTOB n HcaproHOB. 3tot nponecc ocoöeHHo aKTnBHo nponcxojjnJi b nepEHe nocjiepe-BOjnonnoHHHe roflH, b 20-e rr.   B oßnxofl Bouum cjioBa MaTpoccKoro /nojiyH-jnpa/, $aöpHtiHo-3aBOjj,CKoro saproHOB /xajrrypa/, apro - H3HKa TěMH&ix iipočseccnn /jinnoBtin, Majinna/, n3   KpecTbHHCKoro h3hks /rjiyxoMaHb/. H3 npocTopeqHo-flnajieKTHož jF^cnnn npranjin, HanpnMep, cjioBa fiogpna, pac^ecKa
MeM 3T0 Ökjio BH3BaHo?   Ilocjie peBOjnonnn pacmnpHjicji Kpyr HocHTejieíí jiHTepaTypHoro h3kks. JlnTepaTypHKH h3hk CTaji nonojiHSTbCH h3 flnajie'KTOB. —BHaqajie Tanne cjioBa our/majincb KaK cTnjincTn^ecKn OKpamsHHHe, 3aTeM —OKpacKa CTěpjiacb, n ohh CTajin EocnpnHnMaTbCH KaK CTmincrntiecKH Hen-—TpajibHHe.
-25-___
JIhtep&TypHHĚ h3kk nönojiHfleTCH 3anMCTBOBaHHEMn H3 npoaeccHOHajibHEX
H3HKOB.  MOJKHO OTMeTHTb CIIOpTHBHyiO T 6 pMHHO JIO TOK) /tCpa3eOJIOraio/:  6 KT b B
ĚopMe, BTopoe flBDcaHMe. Bo speMH boííhk a3kk oóoraiijaeTCH boshhoíí npotpec-CHOHajibHoií Jie?:cHKoß: KOHTpyflap, HacTynjieraie, ÓJioKa^a. j ilpouecc 3aMMCTBOBaHMH HH0H3ÍMH0H jieKCKKH npoTeKaji c pa3H0Íí CŤeneHbK) '
HHT6HCHBH0CTH B pa3H06 BpeMH.  B 20e TOflLI i-ÍOKHO OTMeTHTb HÔMHOrO 3aKM-
cTBOBaHHž: Tai-íCH, OKKynaHT, CEKTep. 30-e ro^H - nepHOfl HHjj,ycTpHajm3a-
UHH.  IlOflBJIfleTCfl HO Bafl TeXHHKa,  HOBBie MaiIIHHH H BMeCTe C HHMM - HOBHe CJIOBa:  KOMÓafiH,  TaHKep H flp.  ECTb 3aiíMCTB0BaHIlfl CnopTHEHOŽ T e pMHHO jio r mu :
perón, cjiajioM. B 40-e - 50-e rr. BOJiHa 3anMCTB0EaHHfi ocjiaóeBaeT, a 60-e
rOflLI npHHOCHT HOByK BOJIHy 3aHMCTB0BaHHÍÍ!   aKBajiaHT,  MOTeJIb, XOÖÖH H #p. 3.  CeMaHTHtíeCKHe H3MeHeHHfl.JIJIfl Ha3MBaHHfl HOBHX npeflMSTOB H flBJíeHHH
ynoTpeójiflioTCfl CTapne CJIOBa b hobom SHa^eHnn: cTpejia 'noflBHHCHafl yacTb nofl'beMHoro Kpana», cnyrHUK 'KocMHtiecKuři annapaT, KOTopHíi BpaujaeTCfl BOKpyr HeóecHoro Tejia'.   B HeKOTopMX cjiy^aflx cTapoe cjiobo cymecTseHHo ' He H3MeHfleTCfl, ho ynoTpeÔjifleTCfl ßjifl o6o3HatieHHfl hobbdc npe^MeTOB: KaÓHHa /KocivnmecKoro Kopaôjifl/, aTOMHoe /opyacHe/.
Cjiobo MoseT H3MeHHTb 3Haqeroie b CEfl3H c noTpeóHOCTM) flaTb Hosoe 3KcnpeccHBHoe HaHMeHosaHne: Kcpojiesa nojieíí / o KyKypy3e/.
CeMaHTH^iecHHe cflBHra, cBH3aHHLie c HOMHHanHeíí hobbix flEJiemm npoH3oniJin b cjiOBax: flCJDi, curHaji, npopaÓOTaTb, pa3ÓnpaTb /noro-H. Ha coßpaHHK/, Sflecb me HMeeM #ejio c c e MaHT ime c khmh HeojiorH3MaMH, KOTopne oópa3yK)TCfl Ha 6a3e nepeHocHEX ynoTpeôJieroiK KOHKpeTHbix cjiob.
CeMaHTH^iecKHe H3MeHeHHfl CBfl3aHH c ochoehkmh THnaMH nepeHoca: MeTačopa: ížhhhhi, opóHTa /oyTÓojia/;
MeTOHHMHH: ero BH3Bajin Ha £HpeKir*öo, Ha npoqjKOM, nocTyraum CBe^eHHfl
H3 OÖJiaCTH.
(pyHKiTMOHajibHHfi nepeHoc: BosaTBifi /nnoHepBosaTKSí/.
BhXOJJ, CJIOB K3 \^IOTpeÖJieHHfl
CjioBa, CBfl3aHHHe c ycTapeBCMM ABJíeHHeM, noHATHeM, Bembio cTaHOBATCfl MajioynoTpeöHTejibHH, a HeKOTopne cosceM BHxoflflT m ynoTpeÓJieHHfl, cTa-
HOBflTCfl HCT0pH3Maí/M: ropOflOBOH, flyMa, 38MCTB0. HeKOTopHe cjiosa npofloji-
:f.aioT ynoTpeöJiHTbCfl , ho Tor^a, Kor^a toboüat oó HH03eMHKX peajiMfíx: noMei^HK, ryôepHaTop, noJiHiÁHfl.
CTHJIMCTHqeCEHe H3M8K6KHH B JieKCHKe
CTHjmcTHtíecKHe HSMeneHUfl e JieKCHKe   moäho csecTH k ppyu ochoehhm npoiieccaM: ■ *
II HefíTpajiHsaiijifl cTHJincTH^iecKH oKpameHHKX cjiob. Cjiosa, KOTopne 6hjdí CTHJiKCTjr^ecKH oKpsjneHHH, noTepflJiH ceok) oKpaciiy:
BepxymK£, aouibä, boshk - 6xm pasroEopHHMM, cTajiH HéžTpajibHeáH,
BOHH, npax - cjiosa iíhm-khopo cthjia Tenepb ynoTpeÓJiHKTCH k&k HeííTpajib^ HHe.
___________-26-
2/ HapHfly c stum HflěT oÔpaTHHíi npouecc: CTHJincTimecKH HeiiTpajibHKe cjioEa irpHoôpeTaíOT OKpacKy:
03apnTL, orjiacHTb, OBeHTb - 3TH cjiOBa b Hakane 20-x rr. ynoTpeöjm-jmcb KaK CTHjmcTHtiecKH HeilLTpajibHHe, Tenepb ohm npHoöpejiH TopaecTBeHHyro OKpacKy.
Cjiobo mojkot npHoöpeTaTb OĽ,eHo^HHíí xapaKTep, ou;eHO^HocTb. Cjiobo Haca-55§Tb   npnoöpejio oTpmjaTejibHHä oußnomiHPi xapaKTep, npeacfle oho ynoTpeö-jiHjiocb HeííTpajibHo. Mojkho 6wio CKa3aTb: HacaacflaTb iiikojih, npocBememie. Tenepb   oho BCTpe^aeTCfl b co^eTaHHiix: HacascflaTb cboh nopßflKH, npaBHJia.
CJI0B00BPA303AHME
3a#ayeŕi cjio3ooópa30EaHHH HBJíHeTCfí myveiwe ceuaHTHKH cjiosa   b cbhsm c ero cTpoemieM. CjiOEOo5pa30BaHne H3yqaeT qejiKe pnflH oflKHaEObhm oÓpa30M
nOCTpoeHHLDC CJIOB.
C TO^IKH 3p8HHH CJI0E00Öpa30EaHHH CJIOBa fleJlíiTCfl Ha MOTMBMPOBaKHHe M HeMOTHBHPOBaHHLie    /np0H3B0flHHe H Henp0M3B0flHHe/.   ECJIH CJIOBa HMeiOT
oônpiií KopeHb h oflHo H3 mix hejihotch Ôojiee npocTHM, nepBH^HHM, a BTopoe
ÓOJiee CJIOKHHM,  ETOpH^HLIM,  TO TaKHÖ CJIOBa HaXOflHTCH B OTHOUieHHH MOTHBa-
hmh, npoH33o,i!;HocTH. MHawe roBopn, ecjiM ojj,ho ono bo 0Ópa30BaH0 ot fipyroro cjiOBa, to nepBoe, óojiee npocToe cjiobo, nepBimHoe, BHCTynaeT KaK mqth -supyrornee, a flpyroe , npoH3Bo,ri;H06 cjioBb nan MoraBHpoBaHHoe.
Cp. apTHCT - apTHCT-Ka, ,n,0M - flOM-HK, OeineHHíí - ÖeffleH -cteo.
MOTHBHpOBaHHOe /np0H3B0flK0e/ CJIOBO    BCer^a COflepKHT MOTHBHpyiOIl£yK)
/npoH3BO,n,íniiyio/ ocHOBy. MoTHBHpyíoiijafl ocHOBa - sto Ta qacTb cjiosa, koto-pan HEJineTCH odEjeH .iyiH MOTHBHpyromero h motmempoBaHHoro cjiOBa.
Jlec   - JiecoK. i\IoTHBHpyioiiiaH ocHOBa Jiec.
H3yxiaTb - H3yueHHe. MoTHEMpysoman ocHOBa   Hsyq .
CnOCOÖK CJI0B00ÖPa30BaHHH
JXJiH. coBpeMeHHoro pyccKoro H3BiKa xapaKTepHH cjieflyi-ouiKe cnocoÓH cjioeo-
0Ópa30BaHHH.
1. CypcüHKcauHH. Cy£<ÍMKcajibHHí! cnocoö Hcnojib3yeTCH pjir cosflaHHH ho-bhx cjiob c noMODTbio cyáxíMKca.
CynjocTBMTejibHHe: nepenjiéT - nepenjiéT-^HK, y^mTejib - yujíTejib-HMu,a,
JIHMOH - JIHMOHH-IHe, SÖJITHK - HejIT-OK,  pa3H0CMTb - pa3H0C'-<iHK.
üpHJiaraTejibHbie:   MaMa - MaM-HH, accbajibT- acŔajibT-OEEcž, rjia3 -rjia3-acTHň, pa3pe3aTb - paspe3-Hoíí.
rjiarojiH; jighthm - jieHTíiíí-HHqaTb, Óejmií - óeji-eTb, qepHKí'i - qepH-HTb. Hapern: KpacHBHfi - KpacKB-o, rjiynBiii - rjiyn-o.
IlpoH3BOňHHe cjiOBa Moryr oTHOCMTbCH k Ton se íiacTH pe^íH hjih k flpyroM tiaCTH peqw.
2. IlperoHKcaigifl.   lipu o6pa30BaroíM hobbtx cjioe c noMoii}bio npeôHKca ho-' Boe cjiobo Bcer,n,a othochtch k toü JKe tiacra peqn, ^to h npon3BOßHoe cjiobo.
Cy%ecTBHTejibHHe;   yj^ap - KOHTp-yflap, cpaaiHCT - aHTH-ganaicT, c^acTbe -
He-CuaCTbe,   CKOpOCTb - CBepX-CKOpOCTb.
IIpHJiaraTejibHHe: yMHHfi - npe-yMHHíí, npotíHHií - CBeox-npo^íHKž, BoeHHHž-
aHTH - BO 6 KHKÍí. —
rjiarojiH: wHTaTb - nepe-miTaTb, 6esaTb - BE-ÓesaTb, fiywaTb - pa3-syr
MaTb,  3BeH6Tb - 0T-33eHeT.b. .
3« npežHKcajibHo-cvcĎáHKcajibHHa cnoco Č. lípu stom cnocoóe HOBoe cjiobo odpa3yeTCH npH noMoipt -npe^HKca   H cy^HKca. 06a acp$-HKca yxiacTBywT b aK-
Te CJI0B00Ópa30BaHHH OflHOBpeMeHHO.
CymecTBHTejibHHe: chh - na-CHH-ok, Kype -■ co-Kypc-HHK, hoc - nepe-Hoc-Hua, Ha pyKaB - Ha-pyKas-HHK, nofl okhom - nofl-oKOH-HHK.
IIpHJiaraTejibHHe: pa3Mep - co-pa3Mep-HLiK, Ha CTOJie - Ha-CTOJib-HHH, npH aiKOJie - npH-niKOJib-HHfi.
rjiarojm: ^HTaTb - b- KHTaTb-cfl, jr/MaTb - 3a-,ir/MaTb-Cfl, npocToíí -y -npocT-HTb, ÖeraTb - Ha-öeraTb-cn.
Hape^Hg; ywmPi - no-yMH-oMy, tiecTHEü,- no-tíecTH-oMy, äppamr/BCKHii -no-<ppaHuy3 CK-H.
4. CjipgceHHe.   Ilpn cjiosceHHH npoHSBOflHoe cjiobo HBJiJieTCfl coe,ipiHeHHeM
flByX MOTHEHpyiOmHX CJIOB .
Jlefloxofl, ceHOKOc, ckajiojia3, 6eji03y6HK, tiepHO-öejiHH, CHHe-3ejiěHHH flHBaH-KpoBaTb, iuiam-nanaTKa.
5. CpameHne. Stot enocoö flefiCTByeT TOJibKo npn o6pa30BaHHH npmiara-TejibHHX. CpameHHH OTjnmaiOTCH ot cjioaceHHß töm, kto ohh TosflecTBeHHH
CJlOBOCOtieTaHHHM,  OT KOTOpHX 06pa30BaHH.  OT COOTBeTCTByiOIipiX CJIOEOCO^eTa-
HHü cpameHHH OTJDwaioTCJi TeM, qTO ohh HMeKT 3aKpenjieHHHfi nopnflOK n eppi-Hoe yflaperoie.
BHCTpopacTBopHMHM /caxap/, flOJiroHrpaioinaH /iuiacTHHKa/, BeqH03ejiěHHH /KycTapHHK/, yiviajiifflieHHHH.
ô. AÖöpeBHaiiHH. AôópeBHauHH - Oto cjioaceHHe yceqěHHHx ochob hjih cjio-aceraie yceqe'HHHX ochob c nojiHHMH ocHOEaMH. By3, cöepKacca, 3apiuiaTa, CCCP.
7. CyöCTaHTHBauHfl /KOHBepcHn/. Ilpn cydcTaHTHBauHH HMeeT MecTO nepe-xofl oflHOž ^acTH pe^rn b flpyryio: ÖojibHoii, 3aBejiyioinaH, onepauHOHHas, mo-poseHoe, BaHHan, annapaTHan, nepBoe, BTopoe, TpsTbe.
8. CeMaHTH^ecKHH enocoö cji0B00Öpa30BaHHg. 0 ceMaHTH^ecKOM cnocoóe cji0Boo6pa3OBaHHH roBopHT, Korija cymecTByioinee cjiobo Ha^HHaeT ynoTpeö-
JIHTbCfl b HOBHX 3HaqeHHflX.
CBHHbfí, ope ji . / o tiejioBene /. Sojiotoh öpacjieT, 30JioTan oceHb, 30-jioToň tiejioBeK.
CjioBoo6pa30BaHHe KaK H3HKOBoe HBJíeHHe HMeeT očn^e qepTH KaK c rpaM-
MaTHKOÍí, TaK H C JieKCHKOH. KaK H B rpaMMaTHKe, B CJI0B00Öpa30BaHHH CMH-CJIOBHe pa3JIHiJHH BHpasaiOTCH ŽOpMaJIbHO, HO SHa^eHHe CJI0B00Ópa30BaTejIbHHX 3JieM6HT0B KOHKpeTHee,  tjeM 3Ha^eHHH 3JieM3HT0B rpaMMaTHKeCKHX,  H 3T0
.cÖJiHacaeT cjiOEOo6pa30BaHHe c JieKCHKOH, nosTOMy cji0B00Öpa30BaHHe HHorßa .paccMaTpHBaeTCJí b rpaMMaTHKe, HHorfla b jieKCHKOJiorHH, HHor^a KaK caMo-
CTOHTejIbHafl flHCUHHJIHHa.
*
-29-
C TOtJKM 3peHMÄ JieKCHKOjiorHii b cjiOBoo6pa303aHHH Hac HHTepecyeT ceMan-
THiíeCKaH CTpVKTypHOCTb CJI0E006pa303aHHfí,  B3 aHMO CB.H3aHHOCTb CJIOB006pa3.0-BaTejILPiHX oďBeflMHeHMyl.
CTpyKTypnocTb cJi0B00ópa30BaHHH mos g t óktb paccMOTpeHa nofl RBybix yrjia-
MH 3peHHfí.
1. Ojj,hh oönmi* žopMaHT + pa3HHe ocHOBK. B 3T0M cjiytjae MH paccMaTpHsa-eM coyeTaHHe onpe#ejieHHoro íopMaHTa c pa3HHMH ocHOBaim. ^jieim p^a 06-pasyiOT onpeflejisHHyro cHCTewy, oÔnpM npH3hukom KOTopofi hbjií;8tch 3Ha«eHHe copMaHTa, a flnq:c:epeHipajibHKe npH3HaKH co^epKaTCíi e 3Ha*íeHHH ochob:
flo-    flonncaTb, flOflejiaTb, floytmrb,, floÖeacaTb;
-HK      flOMHK,  CTOJIHK, CTOJIÓHK.
2. Pa3HHe cpopMaHTH + o oman ocHOBa. B flaHHOM cjiy^zae noßCMCTeMy o6pa3y-iOT cjioBOo6pa303aTejibHKe rHes^a cjiob, t*, e. ■ cjiosa c 0£HKm KopneM. Sflecb oóii^hm 3Ha^eHKeM HBJífíeTCH 3Ha^eHHe KopHH /ochobh/, a *flHĚčepeHu^pyeTCíi 3HatieHHe ochoeh c noMoiHbio cjioBooópa30BaTejibHKX äopMaHTos:
psflOBaTbCH, oópa^osaTbCH, nopaflOBaTbCH, pa^ocTb, pa^ocTHĽíi.
OTU flBa HanpaEJieHHH MOKHO COeflHHHTb BCKCTeMy KOOpflHKaT,  T*iTOÖH Ha
npHMepe HaÓJnosaTb peryjispKocTb / h HeperyjinpHOCTb / CJio30o6pa30EaTejib-
HbĽÍ HBJíeHHÍd.
	nHcaTb	2MTgTb	VtĺKTb
nepe-	nepenucaTb	nepetíHTaTb	nepey^íHTb
flo-	flonncaTb	ňoyHTaTb	fiOy^MTb
BK-	BKTIHCaTb	BtPiHTaTb	BHymíTb
-TÔJIb	nHcaTejib	T-íHTaT3JIb	y^HTejib
-m/o/	IIMCbMO	----	----
-roiK	----.	----	^eHMK
KaKKe mo:kho c^ejiaTb bhbojj,h, paccM0Tpe3 jj;as:e Heöojibmyio TaóYiMuy?
1. He Bee OTežKH 3anojiHHioTCJi, t.e. Ke scer^a mojkho oópa30saTb cjiobo ot onpe#eji9HHOH ochobh c cymecTByioiijMM žopMaHTOM.
2. Ecjih MH cpaBHHM 3HaweHHH cjiob nacaTejib , YHííTejib n HiíSäTejib , TO bh,ľ,hm,- yro nep3He flBa cji03a o3HaqaioT npočeccHOHajibHoro ßeHTejiß, a cjio-Bo SHTaTejjb He 03Ha<iaeT npo^eccmo.
c TOtIKH 3peHHH CeMaHTHKM MOSHO BHfleJIMTb 2 rpyniIH npOH3BOJJ,HHX cjiob:
1/ CJIOBa,  3H£qeHMH KOTOOKX nOJIHOCTbiO CKJiaflLIBaiOTCfí H3 3HatieHHK COCTaB-
hhx qacTeri, HanpMMep, aomhk, flOMunie, cjiohšhok;
2/ CJIOBa,  3HaueHHH KOTOpHX OCHOBaHH Ha 3HaueHHH COCTaEHLIX ííaCTeM, HO
He HBJíHEOTCH hx cyMMož. Cjiobo nHcaTgjib ne 03HauaeT TOJibKo 'uejioseKa, ko-jroptifi nranei" , oho HMG6T SHa^emie 'uejioEeK, npoÉeccHH KOToporo raicaTb _npoH33ejj;eHHE xyßosecTBeHHoii jiüTepaTypK». To oócTOHTejibCTBO, UTO SHaqe-^
-KH8 np0M330ňH0r0  CJIOBa H6 BCer^a HBJIfleTCfi CyMUOK 3HaqeHHK MOTHB/ipyíOIIíerp
cjiosa h -xooMaHTa, a HMeeT nonojiHHTejibHoe npjroan^eHHg cMLicjia, 3aTpyjiH5eT
-30- ___:
H3yxieHHe HHOCTpSHHOrO H3BIKa.  ^TOÓH nOHÄTb 3HayeHHe, HeflOCTaTOiQÍO 3HaTI>
3Ha^eHHe cocTaBJiaioiUHX sJieMeHTOB, cjie^yeT nocMOTpeTb 3Ha^eHHe cjioBa b cjiOBape.
CymecTByioT h flpyrae TpyflHocTH, cymecTBeHHHe jj;jih mbto^kh npenoßaBa-
HHH pyCCKOrO  H3LEKS KSiC HHOCTpaHHOrO.
Opym sjieMeHT MoaceT HMeTb HecKOjibKo 3HaqeHHň.
SHaiíeHHH npHCTaBKH y-
1. y^ajiemie, nepeMemeraie. yexaTb, yHecTH, yópaTb, yBe3TH.
2. M3MeHeHHe CTeneHH Ka^ecTBa. yMeHbniMTb, yBejmuHTb, yxyjpHTb.
3. Bo3fleiicTBHe. ycnoKOHTb, yöeflHTb, yroBopHTb, yroMHTb.
4. npHoöpeTeHHe h coxpaHemie. y^epsaTb, ycBOHTb, yöepeqb.
5. H3MeHeHHe nojio&eHHH. yKpennTb#, yjie^bca, ycTaHOBKTb.
6. HatjHHaTe.jibHOCTb flencTEHH. yBHfleTb, ycjiamaTb.
.Lpyran TpynHocTb coctoht b tom, ^to oflHO 3HatieHHe MoseT BHpascaTbCH
pa.3HHMH C^0B00Ópa30BaTejIbHHMH SJieMeHTaMH.
Ha^HHaTejibHocTb fleňCTBHfl BHpasaeTCH, HairpwMep, npHCTaBKaMH: 3a-   3aöeraTb, 3aójiecTeTb, 3aKpH^aTb; no-   IIojmöHTb, noHpaBHTbCfl, noKa3aTbCH /Bflajni/. MpesMepHOCTb fleňcTBHH   BLipasaeTCH npucTäBKaMHi
3a-    SaqHTaTbCH, 3ar0B0pHTbCfl.
AO-  ÄoöeraTbcs, flonrpaTbcn. Ha-   HacMOTpeTbCH, nasmiaThCK.
Henojmafl, HeaocojnoTHan CHCTeMHocTb cjioBooÓpa30BaHHH, xoth h 3aTpyfl-HfleT Hcnojib3oBanne n noHMMamie npoH3BO,iuíHX cjiob, töm He MeHee cjiobooó-pa30BaHne KaK CHCTeMa oÖJier^iaeT H3yqeHHe cjiob, HBJíneTCfí xopomeň noflCKa3
KOZ flJIfl flOraflKH,  CTaHOBHTCH BCnOMOraTejIbHHM CpeflCTBOM flJIfl nOHHMaHHfl H
3anoMHHaHHH cjiob.