201
r Key , World Energy
STATISTICS
KEY WORLD J EÍIERGY j STATISTICS <t
IEA member countries
—©
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
The International
Energy Agency
The IEA, which was established in November 1974, has over the years gained recognition as one of the worlds most authoritative sources for energy statistics. Its all-encompassing annual studies of oil, natural gas, coal, electricity and renewables are indispensable tools for energy policy makers, companies involved in the energy field and scholars.
In 1997 the IEA produced a handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data. This new edition responds to the enormously positive reaction to the books since then. Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Australian production of coal, the electricity production in Japan, the price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy facts.
Gathering and analysing statistics is one of the important IEA functions. But the Agency - an autonomous body within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -also:
■ administers a plan to guard member countries against the risk of a major disruption of oil supplies
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SUPPLY
TRANSFORMATION
CONSUMPTION
ENERGY BALANCES
PRICES
EMISSIONS
OUTLOOK
ENERGY INDICATORS
CONVERSION FACTORS
GLOSSARY
TOTAL PRimfiRY EflERGY SUPPLY
World
World* total primary energy supply from 1971 to 2012 by fuel (Mtoe)
14 000 I-
1971     1975       1980       1985       1990      1995       2000       2005 2012
□ Coal** □ Oil □ Natural gas       □ Nuclear
□ Hydro □ Biofuels and waste □ Other***
1973 and 2012 fuel shares of TPES
1973 2012
*Worid includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. **ln these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. ***lncludes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
BY FUEL
OECD
OECD total primary energy supply* from 1971 to 2013 by fuel (Mtoe]
6 000 I-
1973 and 2013 fuel shares of TPES*
1973 2013
*Exciudes electricity trade. **ln these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. ***lncludes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
TOTAL PRimnRV EnERGV SUPPLV
World
World total primary energy supply from 1971 to 2012 by region (Mtoe]
I OECD □ Middle East □ Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia
] China   DAsia*   □ Non-OECD Americas   □ Africa   ■ Bunkers**
1973 and 2012 regional shares of TPES
1973
Non-OECD i . * Americas Africa 3.5% 14%
Chi 7.0%
Non-OECD :uro|
ana1 Eurasia
15.4%   Middle East 0.8%
Bunkers* 3.0%
2012
Non-OECD
™ Bunkers*' 5-5/° ,2.6%
Non-OECD Europe^
and Eurasia Middle East    ,n ™
8.9% 5.1%
39.2%
6 106 Mtoe
13 371 Mtoe
*Asia excludes China * *lncludes international aviation and international marine bunkers
BY REGIO!!
OECD
i
OECD total primary energy supply* from 1971 to 2013
1971     1975 1 I OECD Americas
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 Z3 OECD Asia Oceania     □ OECD Europe
1973 and 2013 regional shares of TPES'
1973
OECD Europe 36.8%
2013
OECD Europe 327%
OECD Americas 50.4%
I 3 740 Mtoe |
I 5 273 Mtoe |
*Excludes electricity trade
Crude Oil Production
1973 and 2013 regional shares of crude oil* production
1973 2013
Non-OECD ... Non-OECD
2 869 Mt 4 117 Mt |
r   "S *lncludes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons
lO I **Asia excludes China.
Producers, net exporters and net importers of crude oil*
4
Producers	Mt	%of world total
Saudi Arabia	540	13.1
Russian Federation	525	12.8
United States	440	10.7
People's Rep. of China	208	5.1
Canada	193	4.7
Kuwait	165	4.0
Venezuela	155	3.8
United Arab Emirates	153	3.7
Iraq	153	3.7
Islamic Rep. of Iran	151	3.7
Rest of the world	1 434	34.7
World	4 117	100.0
Net exporters	Mt
Saudi Arabia	371
Russian Federation	239
Nigeria	124
Iraq	1 19
United Arab Emirates	1 18
Kuwait	103
Venezuela	93
Canada	90
Angola	84
Mexico	66
Others	578
Total	1 985
*lnciudes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons.
Net importers	Mt
United States	442
People's Rep. of China	269
India	185
Japan	179
Korea	128
Germany	93
Italy	74
Spain	60
Netherlands	57
France	57
Others	507
Total	2 051
Natural Gas Production
Natural gas production from 1971 to 2013 by region (billion cubic metres)
3 600 I-
0 I.........................................
1971     1975       1980       1985      1990       1995      2000      2005      2010 2013
□ OECD        □ Middle East     □ Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia ■ China □
Asia* D Non-OECD Americas       EH Africa
1973 and 2013 regional shares of natural gas production
1973 2013
Producers, net exporters and net importers* of natural gas
Producers	bcm	%of world total
United States	689	19.8
Russian Federation	671	19.3
Qatar	161	4.6
Islamic Rep. of Iran	159	4.6
Canada	155	4.5
People's Rep. of China	1 15	3.3
Norway	109	3.1
Netherlands	86	2.5
Saudi Arabia	84	2.4
Algeria	80	2 3
Rest of the world	1 170	33.6
World	3 479	100.0
Net exporters	bcm
Russian Federation	203
Qatar	121
Norway	103
Canada	54
Algeria	45
Turkmenistan	45
Netherlands	40
Indonesia	35
Australia	26
Nigeria	22
Others	156
Total	850
2013 data	
*Net exports and net imports include pipeline gas and LNG.
Net importers	bcm
Japan	123
Germany	76
Italy	62
Korea	53
People's Rep. of China	49
Turkey	45
France	43
United Kingdom	39
United States	37
Spain	30
Others	279
Total	836
2013 data
13
Coal Production
Coal* production from 1971 to 2013 by region (Mt]
9 00C
2 000 _____________■
1 000 -
0 I_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_
1971    1975      1980      1985      1990      1995      2000      2005     2010 2013
□ OECD       □ Middle East     □ Non-OECD Eu rope and Eurasia
D China        LZlAsia** Q Non-OECD Americas       □ Africa
1973 and 2013 regional shares of coal* production
1973
Non-OECD Europe   China   Asia« Non-OECD and Eurasia      13.6%    39% Americas 24.5%
2013
Non-OECD Europe and Eurasio 8.5%
Chino 45.6%
*lnciudes steam coal, coking coat, lignite and recovered coal. **Asia excludes China.
Producers, net exporters and net importers of coal*
Producers	Mt	% Of world total
People's Rep. of China	3 561	45.5
United States	904	1 1.6
India	613	7.8
Indonesia	489	6.3
Australia	459	5.9
Russian Federation	347	4.4
South Africa	256	3.3
Germany	191	2.4
Poland	143	1.8
Kazakhstan	120	1.5
Rest of the world	740	9.5
World	7 823	100.0
Net exporters	Mt
Indonesia	426
Australia	336
Russian Federation	1 14
United States	99
Colombia	74
South Africa	69
Kazakhstan	32
Canada	28
Mongolia	17
DPR of Korea	16
Others	26
Total	1 237
Net importers	Mt
People's Rep. of China	320
Japan	196
India	178
Korea	127
Chinese Taipei	68
Germany	50
United Kingdom	49
Turkey	28
Malaysia	23
Italy	20
Others	21 1
Total	1 270
* includes steam coal, coking coal, lignite and recovered coal.
15
Nuclear Production
Nuclear production from 1971 to 2012 by region (TWh]
3 000 I-
0 rT.......................................
1971     1975       1980       1985       1990       1995       2000      2005 2012
■ OECD    ■ Non-OECD Europe    □ Asia*    ■ China    ■ Other** and Eurasia
1973 and 2012 regional shares of nuclear production
1973 2012
203 TWh   | | 2 461 TWh~[
*Asia excludes China **Other includes Africa, Non-OECD Americas and the Middle East
Producers of nuclear electricity
Producers	TWh	% Of world total
United States	801	32.5
France	425	17.3
Russian Federation	178	7.2
Korea	150	6.1
Germany	99	4.0
People's Republic of China	97	3.9
Canada	95	3.9
Ukraine	90	3.7
United Kingdom	70	2.8
Sweden	64	2.6
Rest of the world	392	16.0
World	2 461	100.0
Net installed capacity	GW
United States	102
France	63
Japan	44
Russian Federation	24
Korea	21
Canada	14
Ukraine	13
People's Republic of China	13
Germany	12
Sweden	9
Rest of the world	58
World	373
*Exciudes countries
with no nuclear production.
2012 data
Sources: IEA International Atomic Energy Agency.
4
Country (top-ten producers!	%of nuclear in total domestic electricity generation
France	76.1
Ukraine	45.4
Sweden	38.5
Korea	28.3
United Kingdom	19.5
United States	18.8
Russian Federation	16.6
Germany	16.0
Canada	15.0
People's Republic of China	2.0
Rest of the world*	8.1
World	10.9
Hydro Production
Hydro production* from 1971 to 2012 by region (TWh]
4 000 I-
0 I........................................I
1971     1975       1980       1985       1990       1995       2000       2005 2012
■ OECD        □ Middle East   □ Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia
I China □ Asia** □ Non-OECD Americas □Africa
1973 and 2012 regional shares of hydro production*
1973
2012
Non-OECD Europe
and Eurasia 11.6%
China Asia** 2.9% 4.3%
I  1 296 TWh I
Non-OECD Europe and
Eurasia
7.6'
China 23.2%
I 3 756 TWh I
*lncludes electricity production from pumped storage **Asia excludes China.
Producers of hydro electricity"
Producers	TWh	% of world total
People's Rep. of China	872	23.2
Brazil	415	1 1.1
Canada	381	10.1
United States	298	7.9
Russian Federation	167	4.5
Norway	143	3.8
India	126	3.4
Japan	84	2.2
Venezuela	82	2.2
Sweden	79	2.1
Rest of the world	1 109	29.5
World	3 756	100.0
*lnciudes electricity production from pumped storage. **Exciudes countries with no hydro production.
i
A
■
Net installed capacity	GW
People's Rep. of China	194
United States	101
Brazil	84
Canada	76
Russian Federation	49
Japan	49
India	40
Norway	30
France	25
Italy	22
Rest of the world	355
World	1 025
Sources: IEA, United Nations.
	%of
Country (top-ten producers!	hydro in total domestic electricity generation
Norway	96.7
Brazil	75.2
Venezuela	64.8
Canada	60.0
Sweden	47.5
People's Rep. of China	17.5
Russian Federation	15.6
India	1 1.2
Japan	8.1
United States	7.0
Rest of the world**	14.0
World	16.5
Refining by Product
World refinery output from 1971 to 2012 by product (Mt]
1971     1975 1 I LPG/ethane/naphtha I Middle distillates
1990 1995 I Motor gasoline I Fuel oil
2000       2005 2012 EH Aviation fuels H Other products
1973 and 2012 shares of refinery production by product
1973
Other LPG/ethane/ oroducts     naPh'ha Motor
26.0%
2012
Other LPG/ethane/
Middle distillates 34.9%
2 719 Mt
3 905 Mt
Producers, net exporters and net importers of oil products
Producers	Mt	% of world total
United States	787	20.2
People's Rep. of China	441	1 1.3
Russian Federation	254	6.5
India	230	5.9
Japan	169	4.3
Korea	131	3.4
Brazil	104	2.7
Germany	101	2.6
Saudi Arabia	96	2.5
Canada	93	2.4
Rest of the world	1 499	38.2
World	3 905	100.0
Net exporters	Mt
Russian Federation	105
United States	74
India	49
Saudi Arabia	44
Kuwait	33
Venezuela	23
Korea	21
Qatar	21
Italy	18
Algeria	13
Others	138
Total*	539
*The discrepancy between total net exports and total net imports arises from different data sources and possible misallocation of bunkers into exports for some countries.
21
4
Net importers	Mt
Japan	37
Indonesia	27
People's Rep. of China	25
Mexico	24
France	23
Brazil	18
Hong Kong, China	17
Singapore	16
Australia	16
Germany	14
Others	243
Total*	460
Refining by Region
World refinery intake* from 1971 to 2012 by region (Mt]
1971 1975 1980 1985 ■ OECD □ Middle East □ China DAsia**
I Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia
□ Non-OECD Americas □ Afric
1973 and 2012 regional shares of refinery intake*
1973 2012
2 739 Mt   | 3 986 Mt |
*lncludes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons **Asia excludes China.
Refinery capacity, net exporters and net importers of oil*
Crude distillation capacity	kb/cd	% of world total
United States	17 929	18.4
People's Rep. of China"	13 620	14.0
Russian Federation	6 010	6.2
Japan	4 493	4.6
India	4 394	4.5
Korea	3 051	3.1
Saudi Arabia	2 506	2.6
Germany	2 022	2.1
Italy	2 014	2.1
Brazil	2 006	2.1
Rest of the world	39 151	40.3
World	97 196	100.0
Net exporters	Mt
Saudi Arabia	416
Russian Federation	344
Kuwait	136
Nigeria	1 17
Venezuela	1 16
United Arab Emirates	1 15
Iraq	108
Canada	100
Angola	81
Islamic Rep. of Iran	77
Others	562
Total	2 172
2012 data
* Includes crude oil and oil products. *lncludes unlisted small teapot refineries estimated at 500 kb/cd (i.e. calendar day).
Net importers	Mt
United States	368
People's Rep. of China	293
Japan	216
India	136
Korea	107
Germany	107
France	80
Singapore	65
Spain	59
Italy	56
Others	672
Total	2 159
23
Electricity Generation by Fuel
World electricity generation* from 1971 to 2012 by fuel (TWh]
24 000 I-
1973 and 2012 fuel shares of electricity generation*
1973 2012
| 6 1 29 TWh~| | 22 668 TWh]
*Excludes electricity generation from pumped storage * *lncludes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc ***ln these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal
Electricity production from fossil fuels
Coal*	TWh
People's Rep. of China	3 785
United States	1 643
India	801
Japan	303
Germany	287
Korea	239
South Africa	239
Australia	171
Russian Federation	169
United Kingdom	144
Rest of the world	1 387
World	9 168
Oil	TWh
Japan	181
Saudi Arabia	150
Islamic Rep. of Iran	69
Mexico	56
Kuwait	40
Pakistan	35
United States	33
Indonesia	33
Russian Federation	28
Egypt	25
Rest of the world	478
World	1 128
Natural gas	TWh
United States	1 265
Russian Federation	525
Japan	397
Islamic Rep. of Iran	170
Mexico	151
Italy	129
Egypt	125
Saudi Arabia	121
Thailand	1 17
Korea	1 12
Rest of the world	1 988
World	5 100
*ln this table, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal.
25
Electricity Generation by Region
World electricity generation* from 1971 to 2012 by region (TWh]
24 000 I-
1971     1975       1980       1985       1990       1995       2000      2005 2012
■ OECD        □ Middle East   □ Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia
■ China DAsia** I Non-OECD Americas □ Africa
1973 and 2012 regional shares of electricity generation*
1973 2012
I 6 1 29 TWh~| I 22 668 TWh~|
*Excludes electricity generation from pumped storage **Asia excludes China
Producers, net exporters and net importers of electricity
Producers*	TWh	% of world total
People's Rep. of China	4 985	22.0
United States	4 271	18.8
India	1 128	5.0
Russian Federation	1 069	4.7
Japan	1 026	4.5
Canada	634	2.8
Germany	623	2.7
France	559	2.5
Brazil	552	2.4
Korea	531	2.3
Rest of the world	7 290	32.3
World	22 668	100.0
Net exporters	TWh
Paraguay	48
Canada	47
France	45
Germany	21
Sweden	20
Norway	18
Czech Republic	17
Russian Federation	16
Ukraine	1 1
Spain	1 1
Others	62
Total	316
Net importers	TWh
United States	47
Italy	43
Brazil	40
Finland	17
Netherlands	17
United Kingdom	12
Hong Kong, China	10
Belgium	10
Thailand	8
Iraq	8
Others	108
Total	320
*Gross production minus production from pumped storage plants.
27
total FinflL consuniPTion
World
World* total final consumption from 1971 to 2012 by fuel (Mtoe]
10 000 I-
□ Biofuels and waste*** □Electricity □ Other****
1973 and 2012 fuel shares of total final consumption
1973 2012
I 4 672 Mtoe 8 979 Mtoe
*World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers **ln these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. * * *Data for biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated for a number of countries ****lncludes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc
BY FUEL
OECD
OECD total final consumption from 1971 to 2012 by fuel (Mtoe]
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012 □ Coal* □ Oil □ Natural gas
U3 Biofuels and waste CZI Electricity LZZI Other**
1973 and 2012 fuel shares of total final consumption
1973 2012
*ln these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. **Includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
total FinflL consuniPTion
World
World total final consumption* from 1971 to 2012 by region (Mtoe]
2012
1971     1975       1980 1985
□ OECD □ Middle East □ Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia
□ China DAsia**  ■ Non-OECD Americas □ Africa HBunkers***
1973 and 2012 regional shares of total final consumption*
1973
Non-OECD Africa
Americas 37% Byn^
Asia" 3.6% / _ ^ 3 9% 6.4%
2012
Non-OECD A|rica Bunkers"*
Americas   6 0%     ,3.9% OECD
, . „ 52% --39.8%
Asia
2.7%-
30 I   *^a'a f°r biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated for a number of countries.
**Asia excludes China. * * * Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
BY REGIO!!
OECD
OECD total final consumption from 1971 to 2012 by region (Mtoe]
4 000 I-
0 I........................................I
1971     1975       1980       1985       1990       1995       2000       2005 2012
1 OECD Americas     □ OECD Asia Oceania     □ OECD Europe
1973 and 2012 regional shares of total final consumption
1973 2012
total FinflL consunipnon
Coal*
Total final consumption from 1971 to 2012 by sector (Mtoe]
1 000|-
200 -
0 I........................................
1971    1975       1980       1985       1990       1995       2000       2005 2012
I Industry EH Transport EH Other** H Non-energy use
1973 and 2012 shares of world coal* consumption
1973 2012
Non-energy use
640 Mtoe "| |   909 Mtoe~~|
*ln these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. **Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.
BY SECTOR
Oil
Total final consumption from 1971 to 2012 by sector (Mtoe]
4 000 I-
0 I........................................
1971     1975       1980       1985       1990       1995       2000       2005 2012
EH Industry ED Transport LZI Other* LZ1 Non-energy use
1973 and 2012 shares of world oil consumption
1973
Non-energy
Industry "9.9%
Non-energy
Transport 45.4%
2 251 Mtoe
2012
Industry 8.5%
Transport 63.7%
3 652 Mtoe
*lnciudes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.
33
total nnni consuniPTion
Natural gas
Total final consumption from 1971 to 2012 by sector (Mtoe]
1 500 I-
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012 ED Industry EH Transport EH Other* I Non-energy use
1973 and 2012 shares of world natural gas consumption
1973 2012
Other* Other*
I   652 Mtoe~| 1 366 Mtoe
*lncludes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other
BY SECTOR
Electricity
Total final consumption from 1971 to 2012 by sector (Mtoe]
1971     1975       1980       1985       1990       1995       2000 2005 H Industry EH Transport □ Other*
1973 and 2012 shares of world electricity consumption
1973
2012
Transport 2.4%
Industry 53.4%
|   440 Mtoe |
Industry 42.3%
Transport 1.6%
1 626 Mtoe
*lncludes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other
35
SIMPLIFIED EUERGV
World
1973
(MtoeJ
SUPPLY AND	Coall'l	Crude	Oil	Natural	Nuclear	Hydro	Biofuels	OtherW	Total
CONSUMPTION		oil	products	gas			and		
							waste!"!		
Production	1 478.93	2 938.38		993.05	53.05	110.31	640.06	6.13	6219.91
Imports	140.06	1 561.94	408.57	73.40			0.13	8.15	2 192.24
Exports	-130.40	-1 612.99	-442.94	-72.56			-0.19	-8.31	-2 267.39
Stock changes	12.32	-19.81	-16.37	-15.09			0.06		-38.90
TPES	1 500.91	2 867.51	-50.75	978.81	53.05	110.31	640.06	5.96	6 105.86
Transfers		-46.76	48.78						2.02
Statistical difference	7.48	12.13	-6.66	4.78			-0.17	-0.03	17.52
Electricity plants	-556.97	-22.91	-318.13	-160.52	-52.95	-110.31	-2.40	503.60	-720.60
CHP plants	-86.40		-28.62	-50.84	-0.10		-0.91	100.94	-65.93
Heat plants	-7.81		4.90	-0.68			-0.80	7.11	-3.08
Blast furnaces	-81.53		-2.72				-0.06		-84.31
Gas works	9.85	-0.60	-9.07	-6.18					-6.01
Coke ovens'd.	-100.69		4.68	-0.19			-0.02		-101.58
Oil refineries		-2 782.89	2 762.10						-20.79
Petchem. plants		5.09	-5.37						4.28
Liquefaction plants	4.73	0.23							4.50
Other transformation			4.12	-0.03			-23.70		-23.85
Energy ind. own use	-35.06	-2.59	-158.81	-106.78			-0.20	-57.68	-361.11
Losses	-9.06	-7.07	4.27	-6.03			-0.25	43.15	-65.83
TFC	639.99	22.14 2 228.78		652.32			611.55	516.76	4 671.54
Industry	362.12	16.41	432.35	356.95			86.71	286.90	1 541.44
Transports	33.00		1 019.57	17.72			0.24	10.60	1 081.12
Other	238.86	0.00	520.41	259.28			524.60	219.26	1 762.42
Nonenergyuse	6.01	5.73	256.44	18.37					286.55
-0
[a) In this table, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal.
fbj Data for biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated for a number of countries.
fcj Includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
fdj Also includes patent fuel, BKB and peat briquette plants.
fej Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
BflLflnCE table
World
2012
(Mtoe]
SUPPLY AND	CoalW	Crude	Oil	Natural	Nuclear	Hydro	Biofuels	OBierW	Total
CONSUMPTION		oil	products	gas			and		
							wasted		
Production	3 966.59	4 205.11		2 847.95	642.12	315.81	1 340.71	142.85	13461.14
Imports	778.91	2 291.55	1 137.40	863.52			15.56	58.58	5 145.53
Exports	-805.81	-2 219.62	-1 213.37	-871.26			-12.74	-58.23	-5 181.03
Stock changes	-61.18	1.83	1.65	3.35			4.26		-54.62
TPES	3 878.51	4 278.88	-74.32	2 843.56	642.12	315.81	1 343.27	143.19	13 371.03
Transfers	-0.39	-171.52	207.77	-0.00					35.85
Statistical difference	-199.73	-3.97	-9.01	7.47			4.23	4.21	-205.67
Electricity plants	-2 094.52	-42.69	-219.22	-748.20	-638.54	-315.81	-81.63	1 654.43	-2 486.17
CHP plants	-177.35	4.01	-25.19	-324.77	-3.59		-52.43	335.70	-247.65
Heat plants	-127.52	4.80	-11.69	-94.38			-11.31	194.92	-50.77
Blast furnaces	-186.42		-0.44	4.05			4.02		-186.93
Gas works	-7.08		-3.76	3.84			4.05		-7.06
Coke ovens'd.	-67.85		-2.61	-0.00			4.01		-70.47
Oil refineries		-4 068.39	3 995.56	-0.90					-73.73
Petchem. plants		32.88	-32.89						-0.02
Liquefaction plants	-18.93	11.62		-15.36					-22.67
Other transformatior	4.06	2.46	-0.60	-4.10			-74.95	4.64	-77.88
Energy ind. own use	-85.91	-10.37	-190.82	-282.62			-11.91	-207.82	-789.45
Losses	-3.35	-8.02	-0.70	-18.62			4.17	-178.69	-209.55
TFC	909.39	20.06 3 632.08		1 365.87			1 110.56	1 940.89	8 978.86
Industry	727.74	9.68	299.57	498.64			186.62	818.52	2 540.77
Transport'6.	3.28		2 327.70	90.37			59.97	25.65	2 506.97
Other	139.30	0.14	430.05	592.33			863.97	1 096.71	3 122.51
Non-energy use	39.07	10.24	574.76	184.53					808.60
fa J In this table, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal.
fbj Data for biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated for a number of countries.
fcj Includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
fdj Also includes patent fuel, BKB and peat briquette plants.
fej Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
37 k
SIMPLIFIED EflERGY
OECD
-0
1973
(Mtoe]
SUPPLY AND		Crude	Oil	Natural	Nuclear	Hydro	Biofuels	OtherW	Total
CONSUMPTION		oil	products	gas			and		
							wasted		
Production	819.10	710.51		706.22	49.22	78.94	87.29	6.13	2 457.40
Imports	121.92	1 277.47	336.20	62.55			0.03	7.55	1 805.73
Exports	-111.10	-63.58	-172.72	-50.38			-0.01	-7.01	404.80
Intl. marine bunkers	■		-73.65						-73.65
Inti. aviation bunkers			-24.64						-24.64
Stock changes	14.54	-10.78	-11.36	-12.07			0.06		-19.62
TPES	844.46	1 913.62	53.83	706.32	49.22	78.94	87.36	6.66	3 740.42
Transfers		-41.28	42.49						1.22
Statistical difference	14.80	11.29	2.56	-5.61			-0.00	0.00	23.04
Electricity piants	-387.59	-20.61	-228.38	-108.33	-49.12	-78.94	-1.43	364.70	-509.71
CHP piants	-52.07		-7.89	-11.64	-0.10		-0.75	30.94	41.51
Heat piants	-7.81		4.90	-0.68			-0.80	7.11	-3.08
Biast furnaces	-65.52		-2.72						-68.24
Gas works	11.02	-0.60	-8.72	-6.37					4.68
Coke ovens	-25.70		4.68	4.19			-0.02		-26.59
Oii refineries		-1 865.94	1 868.42						2.48
Petrochem. piants		4.88	-5.16						4.28
Liquefaction piants		0.02							0.02
Other transformation			4.12	4.03					4.15
Energy ind. own use	-24.53	-0.99	-128.88	-72.36			-0.07	-33.38	-260.20
Losses	-3.80		4.23	-2.63				-30.54	-37.20
TFC	303.27	0.39	1 583.63	498.48			84.30	345.49	2 815.56
Industry	182.79	0.39	312.91	250.44			42.26	169.41	958.18
Transport	7.34		665.68	17.00			0.00	5.30	695.32
Other	110.05		393.09	225.47			42.04	170.78	941.43
Non-energy use	3.10		211.95	5.58					220.63
[a) In this table, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal.
fbj Data for biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated for a number of countries.
fcj Includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
fdj Also includes patent fuel, BKB and peat briquette plants.
BflLflnCE table
OECD
2012
(Mtoe]
SUPPLY AND	CoalW	Crude	Oil	Natural	Nuclear	Hydro	Biofuels	Otherl'l	Total
CONSUMPTION		oil	products	gas			and		
							wasted		
Production	952.55	933.13		1 006.80	508.71	119.47	267.86	80.68	3 869.21
Imports	387.11	1 483.56	565.42	650.40			13.95	38.25	3 138.70
Exports	-319.42	-348.40	-566.58	-316.50			-5.80	-39.48	-1 596.18
Intl. marine bunkers			-75.68				4.05		-75.73
Intl. aviation bunkers			-87.09						-87.09
Stock changes	-0.38	-5.56	2.38	4.32			0.04		0.80
TPES	1 019.87	2 062.72	-161.55	1 345.02	508.71	119.47	276.01	79.45	5 249.70
Transfers		-57.72	82.09						24.38
Statistical difference	-9.95	2.16	-8.68	4.81			0.09	0.33	-11.24
Electricity plants	-727.20	-11.67	-61.68	-383.80	-505.67	-119.47	-43.96	764.39	-1 089.06
CHP plants	-77.81		-13.10	-114.46	-3.04		-43.36	149.98	-101.80
Heat plants	-5.07		-1.19	-8.22			-6.31	16.25	-4.53
Blast furnaces	-53.16		-0.44	4.05					-53.65
Gas works	-2.17		-3.45	3.78			-0.04		-1.88
Coke ovens'd.	-7.45		-1.07	-0.00			4.01		-8.54
Oil refineries		-2 019.35	1 995.20	-0.90					-25.05
Petrachem. plants		28.90	-29.41						-0.51
Liquefaction plants	-0.90	1.37		-2.31					-1.85
Other transformation	0.00	0.73		-0.79			4.45	-0.64	-1.16
Energy ind. own use	-14.63	4.07	-99.28	-130.96			-1.17	-76.78	-322.89
Losses	-0.86		-0.01	-2.96			4.03	-65.57	-69.44
TFC	120.66	7.07	1 697.43	709.15			180.77	867.41	3 582.49
Industry	95.51	2.33	96.69	250.92			66.98	280.49	792.92
Transport	0.16		1 107.94	24.56			42.85	8.97	1 184.48
Other	22.69		201.35	400.36			70.94	577.94	1 273.29
Non-energy use	2.30	4.74	291.45	33.31					331.80
[a) In this table, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal.
fbj Data for biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated for a number of countries, fcj Includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. 39     (dj Also includes patent fuel, BKB and peat briquette plants.
Crude Oil
Key crude oil spot prices in USD/barrel
Jan-90 Jan-92 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 Jan-00 Jan-02 Jan-04 Jan-06 Jan-08 Jan-10 Jan-12 Jan-14 monthly averages
North Sea Dubai WTI
Oil Products
Rotterdam oil product spot prices in USD/barrel
_i_I_I_i_
_l_I_I_I_I_I_I_L
J_I_I_L_
Jan-90 Jan-92 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 Jan-00 Jan-02 Jan-04 Jan-06 Jan-08 Jan-10 Jan-12 Jan-14 monfhly averages
HFO Gasoil Gasoline
Source for all prices: Based on Argus. Copyright © 2014 Argus Media Ltd - All rights reserved.
Coal
Natural Gas
Natural gas import prices in USD/MBtu
1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2013 yearly averages
Japan* USA** Belgium**        Germany** Spain**
"LNG "Pipeline
RETAIL PRICES^ 111 SELECTED
	Heavy fuel oil for industry|b) (tonne)	Light fuel oil for households (1 000 litres)	Automotive diesel oil|c) (litre)	Unleaded premium1^ (litre)
Australia				1.474
Austria	778.15	1 258.00	1.539	1.841
Belgium	701.97	1 119.36	1.637	2.197
Canada	695.48	1 181.23	1.290	1.296
Chile		1 268.99		1.529
Czech Republic	519.52	1 208.00	1.508	1.801
Denmark	949.59	2 085.14	1.624	2.257
Estonia		1 339.30	1.512	1.765
Finland		1 428.44	1.679	2.209
France	742.14	1 228.86	1.512	2.061
Germany	658.17	1 089.76	1.633	2.097
Greece	796.68	1 719.62	1.510	2.246
Hungary	676.29	X	1.487	1.821
Ireland	1 124.71	1 426.52	1.647	2.097
Israel	c	2 056.61	c	2.079
Italy	776.85	1 928.14	1.841	2.353
Japan	913.89	1 011.60	1.213	1.540
Korea	904.89	1 261.81		2.058
Luxembourg		1 028.04	1.421	1.777
Mexico	509.78	X	0.831	0.975
Netherlands	665.34		1.616	2.316
New Zealand	710.87		0.931	1.860
Norway		1 834.71	1.756	2.432
Poland	81 1.50	1 264.97	1.420	1.738
Portugal	1 081.15	1 753.62	1.673	2.114
Slovak Republic	683.53		1.561	1.984
Slovenia	X	1 383.58	1.513	1.983
Spain	754.40	1 221.25	1.514	1.913
Sweden	1 450.56	2 062.81	1.793	2.183
Switzerland	809.34	1 153.54	1.721	1.918
Turkey	1 186.07	1 795.43	2.248	2.472
United Kingdom	c	1 093.03	1.889	2.140
United States	705.22	1 101.07	1.046	0.944
faj Prices are for 1st quarter 2014 or latest available quarter for oil products, and annual 2013 lor other products. \h) Low sulphur fuel oil; high sulphur fuel oil for Canada, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States. (cj For commercial purposes.
oecd countries in USD/unit
Nat. gas for industry (MWh GCVI'I)	Nat. gas for households (MWh GCV'I)	Steam coal for industry1'1 (tonne)	Electricity for industry (MWh)	Electricity for households (MWh)	
					Australia
48.84	92.88	257.32	141.16	271.90	Austria
39.89	88.08		128.24	263.77	Belgium
13.72	33.81				Canada
	111.94		118.02	172.34	Chile
47.33	83.95	c	148.84	205.57	Czech Republic
	129.98		119.62	393.93	Denmark
47.15	66.33		124.85	174.76	Estonia
47.50	65.34	271.09	106.61	202.27	Finland
51.83	89.64		126.02	193.36	France
49.89	94.61		169.32	387.63	Germany
60.99	151.50		141.91	216.38	Greece
45.62	57.51		132.71	182.01	Hungary
51.74	96.98		173.32	292.66	Ireland
c	X	X	1 14.34	151.62	Israe
			321.70	305.56	Italy
		126.21	174.23	242.14	Japan
78.68	75.80			101.42	Korea
53.53	78.88	X	106.60	206.82	Luxembourg
	34.24	X	121.53	90.85	Mexico
41.48	103.68		112.84	257.20	Netherlands
24.01	116.72	c			New Zealand
X	X		68.71	148.51	Norway
42.27	68.05	100.40	109.48	196.30	Poland
55.71	117.47	215.09	152.06	279.57	Portuga
49.34	70.64		179.07	238.05	Slovak Republic
57.89	91.38	c	125.73	212.76	Slovenia
45.12	108.22				Spain
63.80	162.77		90.43	233.66	Sweden
72.24	108.36	123.52	132.55	203.69	Switzerland
43.73	52.54	105.19	146.68	189.96	Turkey
41.89	76.67	155.47	139.78	228.86	United Kingdom
15.39	34.05	79.39	68.20	121.16	United States
fdj Unleaded premium gasoline {95 RONj; unleaded regular for Japan, (ej Gross calorific value, (fj Brown coal for Turkey. .. nor available    x nor applicable    c confidential
C02 Emissions by Fuel
World* C02 emissions** from 1971 to 2012 by fuel (Mt of C02]
1971 1975 □ Coal***
1985 Oil
1990 1995 2000 I    I Natural gas
2012
Othe
1973 and 2012 fuel shares of C07 emissions**
1973
Natural gas ^fffw 14.4%
2012
Other** Natural gas    q c<y 20.3%
I 5 633 Mt of CQ2
31 734 Mt of CQ2
*Worid includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. * *Calculated using tfie lEA's energy balances and tfie Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. C02 emissions are from fuel combustion only. * * *ln tfiese graphs, peat and oil shale are vith coal. *** * Includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
C02 Emissions by Region
World* C02 emissions** from 1971 to 2012 by region (Mt of C02]
35 00C
2012
1975       1980       1985       1990       1995 2000 ■ OECD  □Africa   □ Non-OECD Americas   ÜAsia***   □ China I Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia LZ1 Middle East I Bunkers
1973 and 2012 regional shares of C07 emissions**
Asia*** 3.1%
1973
Non-OECD Europe
China a^,E™sia Middl. 5.8% ]6U
2012
Non-OECD' Americas Afnco 3.6% 3.3%
I 5 633 Mt of CQ,
31 734 Mt of CQ
*World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers, which are shown together as Bunkers. * *Calculated using the lEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. C02 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Asia excludes China
45
OUTLOOK FOR WORLD TPES
TPES Outlook by Fuel
(Mtoe]
2012
NPS 450S 2020
NPS 450S 2025
NPS 450S 2030
NPS (based on
□ Coal*
I    I Nuclear
New Policies Scenario policies under consideration}
□ Oil*"
□ Hydn
Natural qas* □ Other***
450S: 450 Scenario * * * * (based on policies needed to limit global average temperature increase to 2 °CJ
Total Final Consumption by Sector in 2035
New Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
27.7% 25.5%
I 12 001 Mtöe] I 10 442 Mtöe]
*ln rfiese graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. **lncludes international aviation and international marine bunkers. ***lncludes biofuels and waste, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, etc. ****Based on a plausible post-2013 climate-policy framework to stabilise the long-term concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm C02-equivalent.
TO 2035
[Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2013}
TPES Outlook by Region
3 000 i— 6 000 -
4 000 -
2 000 -0 000 -
3 000 -6 000 -
4 000 -2 000 -
(Mtoe]
19
2012
NPS 450S 2020
NPS 450S 2025
NPS 450S 2030
NPS 450S 2035
UOECD      U China □ Middle East     □ Afric
J Asia*      H Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia □ Non-OECD Americas      □ Bunkers**
NPS: New Policies Scenario (based on policies under consideration)
450S: 450 Scenario*** (based on policies needed to limit global average temperature increase to 2 °C)
CO2 Emissions by Region in 2035
New Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
Non-OECD Americas
4.3%
Bunkers*
Non-OECD Europ. and Eurasia 8.0%
3.6% Middle East Asia* 6.4% 19.8%
Non-OECD Americas Africa 4.7%
Bunkers
Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia 9.3%
Ch
27.4%
37 242 Mt of CO,
*Asia excludes China * *lncludes international aviation and international marine bunkers *Based on a plausible post-2013 climate-policy framework to stabilise the long-term concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO^equivalent C02 emissions are from fossil fuel combustion only.
Selected Indicators for 2012
Region/	Popu-	GDP	GDP	Energy	Net	TPES	Elec.	C02
Country/	lation		(PPP|	prod.	imports		cons.'3' emissionsl"!	
Economy	(million)	(billion	(billion	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|TWh]	(Mt
		2005 USD] 2005 USD]						of C02]
World	7 037	54 588	82 901	13 461		I3 37IM	20915	31 734M
OECD	I 254	39 490	39 202	3 869	I 543	5 250	10 145	12 146
Middle East	213	I 430	4 184	I 796	-I 091	681	790	I 647
Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia 341		I 644	4 065	I 842	-627	I 194	I 552	2 732
China	1 358	4 756	13 289	2 525	496	2 909	4 737	8 251
Asia	2 320	3 568	12 643	I 464	235	I 644	2 071	3 698
Non-OECD Americas	467	2 369	5 340	802	-172	611	979	I 148
Africa	I 083	I 331	4 177	I 162	-418	733	641	I 032
Albania	3.16	11.22	25.69	1.67	0.39	2.07	6.14	3.83
Algeria	38.48	123.61	438.34	143.76	-97.21	46.33	46.28	114.35
Angola	20.82	55.92	136.33	97.15	-82.45	14.28	4.98	16.46
Argentina	41.09	287.91	658.58	75.17	7.06	80.24	124.38	188.51
Armenia	2.97	6.64	19.30	0.81	2.21	2.97	5.46	5.42
Australia	23.13	924.97	872.42	317.39	-186.80	128.27	236.33	386.27
Austria	8.43	337.69	306.34	12.80	21.57	33.11	71.72	64.73
Azerbaijan	9.30	28.95	131.65	58.73	-44.27	13.69	19.08	29.27
Bahrain	1.32	22.09	47.76	19.77	-6.64	12.60	23.20	28.81
Bangladesh	154.70	92.36	325.96	27.19	5.49	33.17	43.25	59.55
Belarus	9.46	45.98	142.31	4.12	26.60	30.50	34.99	71.12
Belgium	11.05	406.82	363.64	15.89	46.89	55.95	88.88	104.56
Benin	10.05	5.71	15.11	2.17	1.92	3.92	0.92	4.95
Bolivia	10.50	13.22	52.87	20.08	-II.51	8.51	6.78	16.32
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.83		12.88	28.20	4.52	2.21	6.67	12.54	21.22
Botswana	2.00	13.39	25.80	1.32	1.29	2.16	3.23	4.47
Brazil	198.66	I 136.56	2 532.37	251.90	33.64	281.72	498.36	440.24
Brunei Darussalam	0.41	10.28	26.12	18.52	-14.48	3.86	3.69	8.40
foj Gross production + imports - exports - losses.
(bj C02 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the lEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/	TPES/	TPES/	Elec.	ccy	ccy	ccy	ccy	Region/
pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	cons./pop.	TPES	pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	Country/
(toe/capita]	|toe/000	|toe/000	(kWh/	It CO/	It CO/	(kg CO/	(kg CO/	Economy
	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		capita)	toe)	capita)	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		
1.90	0.24	0.16	2 972	2.37	4.51	0.58	0.38	World
4.19	0.13	0.13	8 089	2.31	9.68	0.31	0.31	OECD
3.19	0.48	0.16	3 704	2.42	7.72	1.15	0.39	Middle East
3.50	0.73	0.29	4 551	2.29	8.01	1.66	0.67 Nod-OECD Europe and Eurasia	
2.14	0.61	0.22	3 488	2.84	6.08	1.73	0.62	China
0.71	0.46	0.13	893	2.25	1.59	1.04	0.29	Asia
1.31	0.26	O.II	2 094	1.88	2.46	0.48	0.21	Non-OECD Americas
0.68	0.55	0.18	592	1.41	0.95	0.78	0.25	Africa
0.66	0.18	0.08	1 943	1.84	1.21	0.34	0.15	Albania
1.20	0.37	O.II	I 203	2.47	2.97	0.93	0.26	Algeria
0.69	0.26	0.10	239	1.15	0.79	0.29	0.12	Angola
1.95	0.28	0.12	3 027	2.35	4.59	0.65	0.29	Argentina
1.00	0.45	0.15	I 838	1.83	1.83	0.82	0.28	Armenia
5.55	0.14	0.15	TO 218	3.01	16.70	0.42	0.44	Australia
3.93	0.10	O.II	8 511	1.96	7.68	0.19	0.21	Austria
1.47	0.47	0.10	2 053	2.14	3.15	I.0I	0.22	Azerbaijan
9.56	0.57	0.26	17 601	2.29	21.86	1.30	0.60	Bahrain
0.21	0.36	0.10	280	1.80	0.38	0.64	0.18	Bangladesh
3.22	0.66	0.21	3 698	2.33	7.51	1.55	0.50	Belarus
5.06	0.14	0.15	8 040	1.87	9.46	0.26	0.29	Belgium
0.39	0.69	0.26	92	1.26	0.49	0.87	0.33	Benin
0.81	0.64	0.16	646	1.92	1.55	1.23	0.31	Bolivia
1.74	0.52	0.24	3 271	3.18	5.54	1.65	0.75 Bosnia and Herzegovina	
1.08	0.16	0.08	I 611	2.07	2.23	0.33	0.17	Botswana
1.42	0.25	O.II	2 509	1.56	2.22	0.39	0.17	Brazil
9.38	0.38	0.15	8 949	2.17	20.38	0.82	0.32	Brunei Darussalam
fcj TPES for world includes international aviation and international marine bunkers as well as electricity and heat trade, (dj C02 emissions for world include emissions from international aviation and international marine bunkers.
Region/	Popu-	GDP	GDP	Energy	Net	TPES	Elec.	C02
Country/	lation		(PPP|	prod.	imports		cons.'3' emissions'"!	
Economy	(million)	jbillion	jbillion	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|TWh]	|Mt
		2005 USD] 2005 USD]						of CCy
Bulgaria	7.31	33.85	88.95	11.78	6.83	18.35	34.79	44.30
Cambodia	14.87	9.98	36.96	3.94	1.58	5.48	3.06	4.17
Cameroor	21.70	20.91	49.34	7.85	-0.74	6.99	5.68	5.42
Canada	34.88	I 293.15	I 291.14	419.66	-168.71	251.12	542.68	533.74
Chile	17.40	165.22	276.67	13.05	24.96	37.21	66.25	77.77
People's Pep. of China	I 350.70	4 522.14 12 968.57		2 525.28	467.59	2 894.28	4 693.68	8 205.86
Colombia	47.70	203.27	496.98	124.53	-90.81	31.59	53.91	67.35
Congo	4.34	8.43	21.77	15.73	-13.87	1.71	0.78	2.18
Dem. Rep. of Conge	65.71	10.81	26.42	20.94	-0.22	20.56	7.37	2.42
Costa Rica	4.81	27.47	56.08	2.46	2.37	4.73	9.II	6.75
Cote d'lvoire	19.84	19.00	48.58	12.49	0.15	12.61	5.06	7.83
Croatia	4.27	44.95	68.29	3.45	4.39	7.92	16.30	17.19
Cuba	11.27	56.93	64.52	5.52	6.15	11.38	15.51	28.82
Cyprus*	0.86	18.82	20.48	0.II	2.61	2.23	4.58	6.46
Czech Republic	10.51	149.64	250.41	32.64	10.81	42.65	66.27	107.77
Denmark	5.59	258.64	180.56	18.96	-0.66	17.34	33.77	37.13
Dominican Republic	10.28	51.94	100.91	0.80	7.22	7.55	14.95	19.81
	15.49	55.28	136.72	28.64	-14.68	14.42	19.76	33.10
Egypt	80.72	125.90	768.85	82.05	-3.58	78.21	145.66	196.85
El Salvador	6.30	19.11	41.79	2.30	2.07	4.37	5.35	6.15
Eritrea	6.13	1.23	6.45	0.62	0.18	0.80	0.31	0.54
Estonia	1.34	15.82	25.35	5.09	1.16	5.52	8.85	16.35
Ethiopia	91.73	24.66	99.62	43.04	2.75	45.49	5.30	7.93
Finland	5.41	207.81	170.99	17.24	15.54	33.30	84.93	49.41
FYR of Macedonia	2.II	7.32	19.63	1.52	1.44	2.97	7.64	8.69
France	65.43	2 249.44	I 959.01	134.47	124.13	252.33	482.05	333.89
Gabor	1.63	10.95	26.19	14.08	-11.58	2.21	1.77	2.47
Georgia	4.49	9.34	26.78	1.10	2.65	3.71	8.69	6.81
Germany	81.92	3 073.86	2 851.34	123.38	199.56	312.53	584.71	755.27
Ghana	25.37	18.37	82.27	9.97	0.40	10.13	8.84	12.81
foj Gross production + imports - exports - losses.
(bj C02 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the lEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/	TPES/	TPES/	Elec.	ccy	ccy	ccy	ccy	Region/
pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	cons./pop.	TPES	pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	Country/
(toe/capita]	|toe/000	|toe/000	|kWh/	It CO/	It CO/	(kg CO/	IkgCty	Economy
	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		capita)	toe)	capita)	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		
2.51	0.54	0.21	4762	2.41	6.06	1.31	0.50	Bulgaria
0.37	0.55	0.15	206	0.76	0.28	0.42	0.11	Cambodia
0.32	0.33	0.14	262	0.78	0.25	0.26	0.11	Cameroor
7.20	0.19	0.19	15 558	2.13	15.30	0.41	0.41	Canada
2.14	0.23	0.13	3 807	2.09	4.47	0.47	0.28	Chile
2.14	0.64	0.22	3 475	2.84	6.08	1.81	0.63	People's Pep. of China
0.66	0.16	0.06	1 130	2.13	1.41	0.33	0.14	Colombia
0.40	0.20	0.08	180	1.27	0.50	0.26	0.10	Congo
0.31	1.90	0.78	112	0.12	0.04	0.22	0.09	Dem. Rep. of Conge
0.98	0.17	0.08	1 896	1.43	1.41	0.25	0.12	Costa Rica
0.64	0.66	0.26	255	0.62	0.39	0.41	0.16	Cote d'lvoire
1.85	0.18	0.12	3819	2.17	4.03	0.38	0.25	Croatia
1.01	0.20	0.18	1 376	2.53	2.56	0.51	0.45	Cuba
2.58	0.12	0.11	5313	2.90	7.50	0.34	0.32	Cyprus*
4.06	0.29	0.17	6 306	2.53	10.25	0.72	0.43	Czech Republic
3.10	0.07	0.10	6 040	2.14	6.64	0.14	0.21	Denmark
0.73	0.15	0.07	1 455	2.62	1.93	0.38	0.20	Dominican Republic
	0.26	0.11	1 276	2.30	2.14	0.60	0.24	Ecuador
0.97	0.62	0.10	1 804	2.52	2.44	1.56	0.26	Egypt
0.69	0.23	0.10	850	1.41	0.98	0.32	0.15	El Salvador
0.13	0.65	0.12	50	0.68	0.09	0.44	0.08	Eritrea
4.12	0.35	0.22	6 603	2.96	12.20	1.03	0.64	Estonia
0.50	1.84	0.46	58	0.17	0.09	0.32	0.08	Ethiopia
6.15	0.16	0.19	15 687	1.48	9.13	0.24	0.29	Finland
1.41	0.41	0.15	3 625	2.93	4.13	1.19	0.44	FYR of Macedonia
3.86	0.11	0.13	7 367	1.32	5.10	0.15	0.17	France
1.35	0.20	0.08	1 081	1.12	1.51	0.23	0.09	Gabor
0.83	0.40	0.14	1 935	1.84	1.52	0.73	0.25	Georgia
3.82	0.10	0.11	7 138	2.42	9.22	0.25	0.26	Germany
0.40	0.55	0.12	348	1.26	0.50	0.70	0.16	Ghana
*Please refer to geographical coverage section for more details.
©
Region/	Popu-	GDP	GDP	Energy	Net	TPES	Elec.	C02
Country/	lation		(PPP|	prod.	imports		cons.'3' emissionsl"!	
Economy	(million]	(bil lion	jbillion	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|TWh]	(Mt
		2005 USD] 2005 USD]						of C02]
Gibraltar	0.03	1.09	0.93	0.00	2.79	0.17	0.17	0.53
Greece	11.09	208.22	234.49	10.43	19.44	26.55	61.13	77.51
Guatemala	15.08	34.94	93.97	8.24	3.28	11.07	8.13	10.49
Haiti	10.17	4.68	14.28	3.33	0.79	4.07	0.51	2.07
Honduras	7.94	12.45	31.29	2.45	2.68	5.08	5.40	8.16
Hong Kong, China	7.16	234.25	320.74	0.II	28.41	14.63	43.12	44.99
Hungary	9.92	108.94	169.08	10.58	12.43	23.47	38.87	43.55
Iceland	0.32	17.07	10.85	5.II	0.79	5.69	17.06	1.84
India	I 236.69	I 389.05	5 567.13	544.55	243.22	788.13	939.78	I 954.02
Indonesia	246.86	427.48	I 948.84	440.25	-226.23	213.59	181.04	435.48
Islamic Rep. of Iran	76.42	245.23	I 053.29	302.90	-82.66	219.59	210.35	532.15
Iraq	32.58	80.54	421.88	155.12	-109.66	45.04	48.31	118.98
Ireland	4.59	208.04	165.60	1.29	11.84	13.25	25.98	35.55
Israel	7.91	190.02	229.42	3.26	22.43	24.28	56.87	73.27
Italy	60.91	I 729.86	I 605.06	31.86	132.60	158.80	321.38	374.77
Jamaica	2.71	11.34	19.07	0.50	2.57	2.81	3.24	7.09
Japan	127.55	4 694.39	3 993.81	28.32	435.27	452.28	988.92	I 223.30
	6.32	17.93	63.87	0.27	7.89	7.62	14.89	21.70
Kazakhstan	16.79	87.19	321.89	164.64	-88.02	74.85	85.38	225.78
	43.18	25.67	81.17	16.89	4.38	20.54	6.79	10.64
Korea	50.00	I 078.21	I 399.65	46.22	228.61	263.44	517.33	592.92
DPR of Korea	24.76	27.38	102.78	20.26	-6.18	14.08	16.20	45.42
Kosovo	1.81	5.26	13.20	1.75	0.65	2.37	5.17	8.00
Kuwait	3.25	96.63	243.93	173.25	-136.84	34.61	53.76	91.26
Kyrgyzstan	5.61	3.21	14.23	1.75	2.52	4.13	10.14	9.51
Latvia	2.03	17.14	32.05	2.34	2.69	4.42	7.30	7.01
Lebanon	4.43	31.32	65.12	0.23	7.20	7.18	13.78	21.03
Libya	6.16	36.87	67.77	86.78	-69.07	17.15	29.58	44.20
Lithuania	2.99	30.06	56.13	1.56	5.91	7.38	10.78	13.33
Luxembourg	0.53	41.40	34.94	0.13	4.35	4.09	7.80	10.22
foj Gross production + imports - exports - losses.
(bj C02 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the lEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/	TPES/	TPES/	Elec.	ccy	ccy	ccy	ccy	Region/
pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	cons./pop.	TPES	pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	Country/
(toe/capita]	|toe/000	|toe/000	|kWh/	It CO/	It CO/	(kg CO/	(kg CO/	Economy
	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		capita)	toe)	capita)	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		
5.40	0.16	0.19	5 344	3.06	16.52	0.48	0.57	Gibraltar
2.39	0.13	0.11	5 511	2.92	6.99	0.37	0.33	Greece
0.73	0.32	0.12	539	0.95	0.70	0.30	0.11	Guatemala
0.40	0.87	0.29	50	0.51	0.20	0.44	0.15	Haiti
0.64	0.41	0.16	680	1.61	1.03	0.66	0.26	Honduras
2.05	0.06	0.05	6 026	3.07	6.29	0.19	0.14	Hong Kong, China
2.37	0.22	0.14	3919	1.86	4.39	0.40	0.26	Hungary
17.74	0.33	0.52	53 156	0.32	5.73	0.11	0.17	Iceland
0.64	0.57	0.14	760	2.48	1.58	1.41	0.35	India
0.87	0.50	0.11	733	2.04	1.76	1.02	0.22	Indonesia
2.87	0.90	0.21	2 752	2.42	6.96	2.17	0.51	Islamic Rep. of Iran
1.38	0.56	0.11	I 483	2.64	3.65	1.48	0.28	Iraq
2.89	0.06	0.08	5 661	2.68	7.74	0.17	0.21	Ireland
3.07	0.13	O.II	7 193	3.02	9.27	0.39	0.32	Israel
2.61	0.09	0.10	5 277	2.36	6.15	0.22	0.23	Italy
	0.25	0.15	I 198	2.53	2.62	0.63	0.37	Jamaica
3.55	0.10	O.II	7 753	2.70	9.59	0.26	0.31	Japan
1.21	0.43	0.12	2 357	2.85	3.43	1.21	0.34	Jordan
4.46	0.86	0.23	5 085	3.02	13.45	2.59	0.70	Kazakhstan
	0.80	0.25	157	0.52	0.25	0.41	0.13	Kenya
5.27	0.24	0.19	10 346	2.25	11.86	0.55	0.42	Korea
0.57	0.51	0.14	654	3.23	1.83	1.66	0.44	DPR of Korea
1.31	0.45	0.18	2 860	3.38	4.43	1.52	0.61	Kosovo
10.65	0.36	0.14	16 542	2.64	28.08	0.94	0.37	Kuwait
0.74	1.29	0.29	I 809	2.30	1.70	2.96	0.67	Kyrgyzstar
2.17	0.26	0.14	3 589	1.59	3.45	0.41	0.22	Latvia
1.62	0.23	O.II	3 113	2.93	4.75	0.67	0.32	Lebanon
2.79	0.46	0.25	4 805	2.58	7.18	1.20	0.65	Libya
2.47	0.25	0.13	3 607	1.81	4.46	0.44	0.24	Lithuania
7.69	0.10	0.12	14 667	2.50	19.21	0.25	0.29	Luxembourg
Region/	Popu-	GDP	GDP	Energy	Net	TPES	Elec.	C02
Country/	lation		(PPP|	prod.	imports		cons.'3' emissionsl"!	
Economy	(million)	(billion	jbillion	(Mtoe)	|Mtoe)	|Mtoe)	|TWh)	(Mt
		2005 USD] 2005 USD]						of CCy
Malaysia	29.24	198.43	570.74	88.80	-6.17	81.23	126.11	195.89
Malta	0.42	6.84	9.71	0.01	2.04	0.67	2.00	2.52
Mauritius	1.29	8.39	18.64	0.23	1.62	1.34	2.61	3.69
Mexico	117.05	I 027.51	I 571.20	218.98	-22.89	188.39	245.57	435.79
Republic of Moldova	3.56	3.70	13.16	0.12	3.16	3.28	5.39	7.62
Mongolia	2.80	4.56	20.66	18.33	-15.82	3.94	4.49	14.22
Montenegro	0.62	2.88	6.59	0.71	0.37	1.06	3.36	2.30
Morocco	32.52	83.22	202.76	1.66	18.07	18.80	28.87	51.84
Mozambique	25.20	10.52	21.82	15.80	-4.38	10.44	11.44	2.60
Myanmar	52.80	22.85	93.78	22.51	-7.26	15.27	8.02	11.65
Namibia	2.26	9.88	18.40	0.35	1.32	1.62	3.65	3.18
Nepal	27.47	10.96	52.18	8.51	1.69	10.10	3.28	4.89
Netherlands	16.75	680.92	610.99	64.72	30.04	78.58	115.13	173.77
Netherlands Antilles*	0.23	2.70	2.42	0.00	4.43	2.06	1.12	4.77
New Zealand	4.44	125.76	116.36	16.04	3.79	18.96	41.32	32.14
Nicaragua	5.99	8.09	22.72	1.86	1.47	3.31	3.41	4.30
Nigeria	168.83	177.64	818.65	271.71	-139.76	133.74	26.22	64.56
Norway	5.02	329.30	238.47	198.89	-168.75	29.19	118.73	36.19
Omar	3.31	46.01	131.45	75.77	-50.63	26.32	21.61	67.63
Pakistan	179.16	138.47	696.36	65.99	20.12	85.76	80.13	137.44
Panama	3.80	28.37	56.45	0.90	6.76	4.15	7.39	9.88
Paraguay	6.69	11.49	43.01	7.53	-2.55	5.00	8.73	5.06
Peru	29.99	127.56	310.15	23.35	-2.14	21.70	36.53	45.82
Philippines	96.71	145.16	517.64	24.43	19.79	42.55	64.56	79.46
Poland	38.54	407.64	705.63	71.43	30.92	97.85	148.42	293.77
Portugal	10.58	188.41	221.39	4.60	18.25	21.39	49.80	45.89
Qatar	2.05	123.54	247.21	220.38	-180.85	37.92	32.62	75.78
Romania	20.08	117.14	239.84	27.19	7.93	34.92	52.24	78.97
Russian Federation	143.53	980.91	2 178.44	I 331.61	-564.94	756.59	947.59	1 659.03
Saudi Arabia	28.29	497.62	I 280.72	625.00	-425.53	200.26	247.90	458.80
Senegal	13.73	10.95	26.59	2.32	2.06	4.13	2.89	5.64
foj Gross production + imports - exports - losses.
(bj C02 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the lEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/	TPES/	TPES/	Elec.	ccy	ccy	ccy	ccy	Region/
pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	cons./pop.	TPES	pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	Country/
(toe/capita]	|toe/000	|toe/000	(kWh/	It CO/	It CO/	(kg CO/	(kg CO/	Economy
	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		capita)	toe)	capita)	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		
2.78	0.41	0.14	4313	2.41	6.70	0.99	0.34	Malaysia
1.60	0.10	0.07	4 766	3.76	6.02	0.37	0.26	Malta
1.04	0.16	0.07	2019	2.75	2.86	0.44	0.20	Mauritius
1.61	0.18	0.12	2 098	2.31	3.72	0.42	0.28	Mexico
0.92	0.89	0.25	I 514	2.33	2.14	2.06	0.58	Republic of Moldova
1.41	0.87	0.19	I 604	3.61	5.08	3.12	0.69	Mongolia
1.71	0.37	0.16	5412	2.16	3.70	0.80	0.35	Montenegro
0.58	0.23	0.09	888	2.76	1.59	0.62	0.26	Morocco
0.41	0.99	0.48	454	0.25	0.10	0.25	0.12	Mozambigue
0.29	0.67	0.16	152	0.76	0.22	0.51	0.12	Myanmar
0.72	0.16	0.09	I 614	1.97	1.41	0.32	0.17	Namibia
0.37	0.92	0.19	119	0.48	0.18	0.45	0.09	Nepal
4.69	0.12	0.13	6 872	2.21	10.37	0.26	0.28	Netherlands
9.01	0.77	0.85	4 891	2.31	20.85	1.77	1.97	Netherlands Antilles*
4.27	0.15	0.16	9 298	1.70	7.23	0.26	0.28	New Zealand
	0.41	0.15	568	1.30	0.72	0.53	0.19	Nicaragua
0.79	0.75	0.16	155	0.48	0.38	0.36	0.08	Nigeria
5.82	0.09	0.12	23 656	1.24	7.21	O.II	0.15	Norway
7.94	0.57	0.20	6 520	2.57	20.41	1.47	0.51	Oman
0.48	0.62	0.12	447	1.60	0.77	0.99	0.20	Pakistan
1.09	0.15	0.07	I 943	2.38	2.60	0.35	0.18	Manama
0.75	0.43	0.12	I 305	I.0I	0.76	0.44	0.12	Paraguay
0.72	0.17	0.07	I 218	2.II	1.53	0.36	0.15	Peru
0.44	0.29	0.08	668	1.87	0.82	0.55	0.15	Philippines
2.54	0.24	0.14	3 851	3.00	7.62	0.72	0.42	Poland
2.02	O.II	0.10	4 708	2.15	4.34	0.24	0.21	Portugal
18.49	0.31	0.15	15 904	2.00	36.95	0.61	0.31	Qatar
1.74	0.30	0.15	2 602	2.26	3.93	0.67	0.33	Romania
5.27	0.77	0.35	6 602	2.19	11.56	1.69	0.76	Russian Federation
7.08	0.40	0.16	8 763	2.29	16.22	0.92	0.36	Saudi Arabia
0.30	0.38	0.16	210	1.37	0.41	0.51	0.21	Senegal
*Please refer to geographical coverage section for more details.
Region/	Popu-	GDP	GDP	Energy	Net	TPES	Elec.	C02
Country/	lation		(PPP]	prod.	imports		cons.'3' emissionsl"!	
Economy	(million)	(billion	(billion	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|Mtoe]	|TWh]	(Mt
		2005 USD] 2005 USD]						of CCy
Serbia	7.22	27.85	69.95	10.78	3.98	14.46	31.58	44.09
Singapore	5.31	183.37	338.47	0.60	70.74	25.05	46.16	49.75
Slovak Republic	5.41	63.11	114.81	6.45	10.12	16.65	27.78	31.88
Slovenia	2.06	38.25	50.29	3.56	3.64	7.00	13.94	14.63
South Africa	52.28	307.31	558.65	166.08	-21.70	140.00	230.54	376.12
Spain	46.16	I 160.46	I 219.94	33.34	100.45	124.97	260.69	266.58
Sri Lanka	20.33	38.30	160.59	5.93	5.92	11.27	10.71	15.86
Sudan*	48.03	31.14	III.74	17.12	-0.21	16.66	7.64	14.46
Sweden	9.52	417.24	332.48	36.18	15.36	50.16	136.03	40.42
Switzerland	7.93	439.80	314.23	12.73	14.59	25.61	63.06	41.26
Syrian Arab Republic	22.40	28.71	76.00	13.47	2.08	15.02	26.18	40.05
Chinese Taipei	23.43	481.13	800.17	13.31	94.88	104.68	240.98	256.61
Tajikistan	8.01	3.67	16.57	1.67	0.63	2.27	13.87	2.74
United Rep. ofTanzani;	47.78	22.43	68.43	19.94	2.40	22.16	4.81	8.89
Thailand	66.79	223.90	808.81	75.73	56.10	126.56	165.54	256.65
Togo	6.64	2.74	7.61	2.50	0.67	3.12	0.98	1.62
Trinidad and Tobago	1.34	18.97	34.68	39.80	-19.95	19.23	8.89	37.09
Tunisia	10.78	40.78	101.95	7.26	2.99	9.89	15.21	23.04
Turkey	74.90	627.75	1015.40	30.56	88.97	116.90	206.71	302.38
Turkmenistan	5.17	16.91	57.45	68.03	-42.03	25.57	12.81	63.82
Ukraine	45.59	95.48	338.64	85.42	38.51	122.66	165.99	281.07
United Arab Emirates	9.21	221.65	468.10	194.35	-107.61	67.47	93.67	170.97
United Kingdom	63.71	2 393.03	2 068.88	117.48	86.93	192.23	347.30	457.45
United States	314.28	14 231.58	14 231.58	I 806.48	374.88	2 140.62	4 069.06	5 074.14
Uruguay	3.40	25.46	54.37	1.85	3.36	4.63	9.96	8.39
Uzbekistan	29.78	25.18	124.86	56.75	-8.46	48.28	47.80	III.14
Venezuela	29.96	192.07	471.08	199.29	-120.77	76.38	101.88	178.28
Viet Nam	88.77	87.53	388.72	69.33	-6.44	64.85	112.97	142.85
Yemen	23.85	18.57	84.97	15.11	-8.05	6.92	4.23	19.97
Zambia	14.08	11.23	37.52	8.24	0.89	9.08	8.45	2.76
Zimbabwe	13.72	5.83	3.94	8.92	0.66	9.58	8.18	9.98
foj Gross production + imports - exports - losses.
(bj C02 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the lEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/	TPES/	TPES/	Elec.	ccy	ccy	ccy	ccy	Region/
pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	cons./pop.	TPES	pop.	GDP	GDP (PPP)	Country/
(toe/capita]	|toe/000	|toe/000	|kWh7	It CO/	It CO/	(kg CO/	(kg CO/	Economy
	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		capita)	toe)	capita)	2005 USD) 2005 USD)		
2.00	0.52	0.21	4 371	3.05	6.10	1.58	0.63	Serbia
4.72	0.14	0.07	8 690	1.99	9.36	0.27	0.15	Singapore
3.08	0.26	0.15	5 139	1.91	5.90	0.51	0.28	Slovak Republic
3.40	0.18	0.14	6 778	2.09	7.II	0.38	0.29	Slovenia
2.68	0.46	0.25	4410	2.69	7.20	1.22	0.67	South Africa
2.71	0.11	0.10	5 647	2.13	5.77	0.23	0.22	Spain
0.55	0.29	0.07	527	1.41	0.78	0.41	0.10	Sri Lanka
0.35	0.53	0.15	159	0.87	0.30	0.46	0.13	Sudan*
5.27	0.12	0.15	14 289	0.81	4.25	0.10	0.12	Sweden
3.23	0.06	0.08	7 953	1.61	5.20	0.09	0.13	Switzerland
0.67	0.52	0.20	I 169	2.67	1.79	1.40	0.53	Syrian Arab Republic
4.47	0.22	0.13	10 283	2.45	10.95	0.53	0.32	Chinese Taipei
0.28	0.62	0.14	I 732	1.21	0.34	0.75	0.17	Tajikistan
0.46	0.99	0.32	101	0.40	0.19	0.40	0.13 United Rep. of Tanzania	
1.89	0.57	0.16	2 479	2.03	3.84	1.15	0.32	Thailand
	1.14	0.41	147	0.52	0.24	0.59	0.21	Togo
14.38	1.01	0.55	6 651	1.93	27.74	1.96	1.07	Trinidad and Tobago
0.92	0.24	0.10	I 411	2.33	2.14	0.57	0.23	Tunisia
1.56	0.19	0.12	2 760	2.59	4.04	0.48	0.30	Turkey
4.94	1.51	0.45	2 476	2.50	12.34	3.77	I.II	Turkmenistan
2.69	1.28	0.36	3 641	2.29	6.16	2.94	0.83	Ukraine
7.33	0.30	0.14	10 175	2.53	18.57	0.77	0.37	United Arab Emirates
3.02	0.08	0.09	5 452	2.38	7.18	0.19	0.22	United Kingdom
6.81	0.15	0.15	12 947	2.37	16.15	0.36	0.36	United States
1.36	0.18	0.09	2 933	1.81	2.47	0.33	0.15	Uruguay
1.62	1.92	0.39	I 605	2.30	3.73	4.41	0.89	Uzbekistan
2.55	0.40	0.16	3 401	2.33	5.95	0.93	0.38	Venezuela
0.73	0.74	0.17	I 273	2.20	1.61	1.63	0.37	Viet Nam
0.29	0.37	0.08	177	2.88	0.84	1.08	0.24	Yemen
0.65	0.81	0.24	600	0.30	0.20	0.25	0.07	Zambia
0.70	1.64	2.43	596	1.04	0.73	1.71	2.53	Zimbabwe
Sources: Energy data: IEA. Population: OECD/World Bank.
GDP and GDP{PPP) {in 2005 USD}: OECD/World Bank/CEPIIf Bureau van Dijk (Paris}. *Please refer to geographical coverage section for more details.
©
General conversion factors for energy
To: From:	TJ	Gcal	Mtoe	MBtu	GWh
	multiply by:				
TJ	1	238.8	2.388X10 5	947.8	0.2778
Gcal	4.1868 x ICr3	I	to-'	3.968	1.163 X 10-3
Mtoe	4.1868X 104	107	1	3.968 x 10'	11630
MBtu	1.0551 X 103	0.252	2.52 X 10-8	1	2.931 X I0-4
GWh	3.6	860	8.6 x I0"5	3412	1
Conversion factors for mass
To: From:	kg	t	It	st	lb
	multiply by:				
kilogramme (kg)	I	0.001	9.84 x 10"4	T. 102 x I0"3	2.2046
tonne (t)	I 000	1	0.984	1.1023	2 204.6
long ton (It)	1 016	1.016	1	1.120	2 240.0
short ton [st]	907.2	0.9072	0.893	1	2 000.0
pound (lb]	0.454	4.54 x 10-4	4.46 x 10-4	5.0 x lO4	1
Conversion factors for volume
To: From:	gal U.S.	gal U.K.	bbl	ft3	1	m3
	multiply by:					
U.S. gallon [gal]	1	0.8327	0.02381	0.1337	3.785	0.0038
U.K. gallon [gal]	1.201	1	0.02859	0.1605	4.546	0.0045
barrel (bbl|	42.0	34.97	1	5.615	159.0	0.159
cubic foot (ft3)	7.48	6.229	0.1781	1	28.3	0.0283
litre |l)	0.2642	0.220	0.0063	0.0353	I	0.001
cubic metre (m3J	264.2	220.0	6.289	35.3147	1000.0	1
Selected country-specific net calorific values
Steam Coal			Crude oil*	
Top-ten producers in 2013	toe/tonne		Top-ten producers in 2013	toe/tonne
People's Rep. of China	0.516		Russian Federation	1.005
United States	0.534		Saudi Arabia	1.016
India	0.437		United States	1.033
Indonesia	0.575		People's Rep. of China	1.000
South Africa	0.564		Kuwait	1.016
Australia	0.597		Iraq	1.023
Russian Federation	0.601		Venezuela	1.069
Kazakhstan	0.444		United Arab Emirates	1.018
Colombia	0.650		Islamic Rep. of Iran	1.019
Poland	0.540		Mexico	1.070
'Excludes NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons.
Default net calorific values
OH products
	OECD Europe*	OECD Americas	OECD Asia Oceania	Non-OECD
	toe/tonne			
Refinery gas	1.182	1.149	1.149	1.149
Ethane	1.182	1.180	1.180	1.180
Liquefied petroleum gases	1.099	1.130	1.139	1.130
Motor gasoline excl. biofuels	1.051	1.070	1.065	1.070
Aviation gasoline	1.051	1.070	1.065	1.070
Gasoline type jet fuel	1.027	1.070	1.065	1.070
Kerosene type jet fuel	1.027	1.065	1.063	1.065
Kerosene	1.027	1.046	1.025	1.046
Gas/diesel oil excl. biofuels	1.017	1.017	1.017	1.034
Fuel oil	0.955	0.960	1.017	0.960
Naphtha	1.051	1.075	1.032	1.075
White spirit	1.041	1.027	1.027	1.027
Lubricants	1.003	1.003	1.025	1.003
Bitumen	0.931	0.955	0.927	0.931
Paraffin waxes	0.955	0.955	0.955	0.955
Petroleum coke	0.764	0.764	0.807	0.764
Non-specified oil products	0.955	0.955	0.955	0.955
'Defaults for OECD Europe were also applied to non-OECD Europe and Eurasia countries.
Selected country-specific gross calorific values
Natural gas
Top-ten producers in 2013	kJ/m3
United States	38 155
Russian Federation	38 230
Qatar	41 400
Islamic Rep. of Iran	39 356
Canada	38 740
People's Rep. of China	38 931
Norway	39 400
Netherlands	33 339
Saudi Arabia	38 000
Algeria	39 565
Note: to calculate the net calorific value, the gross calorific value is multiplied by 0.9.
Conventions for electricity
Figures for electricity production, trade, and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity (i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe). Hydro-electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide/wave/ocean, photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. However, the primary energy equivalent of nuclear electricity is calculated from the gross generation by assuming a 33% conversion efficiency, i.e. I TWh = (0.086 *■ 0.33) Mtoe. For geothermal and solar thermal, if no country-specific information is reported, the primary energy equivalent is calculated as follows:
■ 10% for geothermal electricity;
■ 50% for geothermal heat;
■ 33% for solar thermal electricity;
■ 100% for solar thermal heat.
Hard coal Steam coal
Crude oil
Oil products
Natural gas Nuclear
Hydro
Biofuels and waste
Coal includes all coal, both primary [including coking coal, steam coal and lignite) and derived fuels [including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, BKB, gas works gas, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases). For presentational purposes, peat (including peat products) and oil shale are also included in this category where applicable. Hard coal comprises anthracite, coking coal and other bituminous coal. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal.
Crude oil comprises crude oil, natural gas liquids, refinery feedstocks and additives as well as other hydrocarbons. Oil products comprises refinery gas, ethane, LPG, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, jet fuels, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, fuel oil, naphtha, white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke and other oil products.
Natural gas includes both "associated" and "non-associated" gas. Nuclear shows the primary heat equivalent of the electricity produced by a nuclear power plant with an average thermal efficiency of 33%.
Hydro shows the energy content of the electricity produced in hydro power plants. Hydro output excludes output from pumped storage plants.
Biofuels and waste comprises solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, industrial waste and municipal waste. Biofuels are defined as any plant matter used directly as fuel or converted into fuels [e.g. charcoal) or electricity and/or heat. Included here are wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and crops used for energy production), ethanol, animal materia Is/wastes and sulphite lyes. Municipal waste comprises wastes produced by residential, commercial and public services, that are collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location for the production of heat and/or power.
Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean energy, electricity and heat. Unless the actual efficiency of geothermal and solar thermal is known, the quantity of geothermal and solar energy entering electricity generation is inferred from the electricity/heat production at geothermal and solar plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of:
■ 10% for geothermal electricity;
■ 50% for geothermal heat
■ 33% for solar thermal electricity;
■ 100% for solar thermal heat.
61
Other [ctd.J
Imports and exports
International
marine
bunkers
International
aviation
bunkers
For solar PV, wind and tide/wave/ocean energy, the quantities entering electricity generation are equal to the electrical energy generated. Direct use of geothermal and solar heat is also included here. Electricity is accounted for at the same heat value as electricity in final consumption [i.e. 1 GWh = 0.000086 Mtoe). Heat includes heat that is produced for sale and is accounted for in the transformation sector.
Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. coking coal, steam coal, lignite, peat oil shale, crude oil, NGLs, natural gas, biofuels and waste, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar and the heat from heat pumps that is extracted from the ambient environment Production is calculated after removal of impurities (e.g. sulphur from natural gas). Imports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customs clearance has taken place.
a) Oil and natural gas
Quantities of crude oil and oil products imported or exported under processing agreements (i.e. refining on account) are included. Quantities of oil in transit are excluded. Crude oil, NGL and natural gas are reported as coming from the country of origin; refinery feedstocks and oil products are reported as coming from the country of last consignment. Re-exports of oil imported for processing within bonded areas are shown as exports of product from the processing country to the final destination.
b) Coal
Imports and exports comprise the amount of fuels obtained from or supplied to other countries, whether or not there is an economic or customs union between the relevant countries. Coal in transit is not included.
c) Electricity
Amounts are considered as imported or exported when they have crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country. International marine bunkers covers those quantities delivered to ships of all flags that are engaged in international navigation. The international navigation may take place at sea, on inland lakes and waterways, and in coastal waters. Consumption by ships engaged in domestic navigation is excluded. The domestic/international split is determined on the basis of port of departure and port of arrival, and not by the flag or nationality of the ship. Consumption by fishing vessels and by military forces is also excluded. International aviation bunkers covers deliveries of aviation fuels to aircraft for international aviation. Fuels used by airlines for their road vehicles are excluded. The domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of departure and landing locations and not by the nationality of the airline. For many countries this incorrectly excludes fuel used by domestically owned carriers for their international departures.
Stock changes  Stock changes reflects the difference between opening stock levels on the first day of the year and closing levels on the last day of the year of stocks on national territory held by producers, importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers. A stock build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw as a positive number. Total primary    Total primary energy supply (TPES} is made up of production + energy supply  imports - exports - international marine bunkers - international [TPESJ aviation bunkers ± stock changes. For the world total,
international marine bunkers and international aviation bunkers are not subtracted from TPES. Transfers Transfers includes both interproduct transfers, products
transferred and recycled products. Statistical Statistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained
differences statistical differences for individual fuels, as they appear in the basic energy statistics. It also includes the statistical differences that arise because of the variety of conversion factors in the coal and oil columns.
Electricity Electricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce plants electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit
[and the inputs and outputs can not be distinguished on a unit basis) then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Both main activity producers and autoproducer plants are included here.
Combined Combined heat and power plants refers to plants which are heat and designed to produce both heat and electricity, sometimes
power plants referred as co-generation power stations. If possible, fuel inputs and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above is adopted. Both main activity producers and autoproducer plants are included here.
Heat plants Heat plants refers to plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers] designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third party under the provisions of a contract. Both main activity producers and autoproducer plants are included here.
Blast furnaces Blast furnaces contains inputs to and outputs of fuels from blast furnaces.
Gas works Gas works is treated similarly to electricity generation, with the quantity produced appearing as a positive figure in the coal column or the natural gas column after blending with natural gas, inputs as negative entries in the coal and oil products columns, and conversion losses appearing in the total column.
63
Coke ovens Coke ovens contains losses in transformation of coal from primary to secondary fuels and from secondary to tertiary fuels [hard coal to coke and patent fuel, lignite to BKB, etc.).
Oil refineries Oil refineries shows the use of primary energy for the manufacture of finished oil products and the corresponding output. Thus, the total reflects transformation losses. In certain cases the data in the total column are positive numbers. This can be due to either problems in the primary refinery balance or to the fact that the IEA uses regional net calorific values for oil products.
Petrochemical Petrochemical plants covers backflows returned from the plants petrochemical industry. Note that backflows from oil products
that are used for non-energy purposes (i.e. white spirit and lubricants) are not included here, but in non-energy use.
Liquefaction plants
Liquefaction plants includes diverse liquefaction processes, such as coal liquefaction plants and gas-to-liquid plants.
Other Other transformation covers non-specified transformation not
transformation shown elsewhere, such as the transformation of primary solid biofuels into charcoal.
Energy industry Energy industry own use contains the primary and secondary own use energy consumed by transformation industries for heating,
pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC 05, 06, 19 and 35,
Group 091 and Classes 0892 and 0721].
Losses Losses includes losses in energy distribution, transmission and
transport.
Total final Total final consumption (TFCj is the sum of consumption by the consumption different end-use sectors. Backflows from the petrochemical [TFC] industry are not included in final consumption.
Industry Industry consumption is specified in the following subsectors
[energy used for transport by industry is not included here but reported under transport):
■ Iron and steel industry [ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431 J;
■ Chemical and petrochemical industry [ISIC Divisions 20 and 21] excluding petrochemical feedstocks;
■ Non-ferrous metals basic industries [ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432];
■ Non-metallic minerals such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc. [ISIC Division 23];
■ Transport equipment [ISIC Divisions 29 and 30];
■ Machinery comprises fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment [ISIC Divisions 25 to 28];
Industry (ctd.)   ■ Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying [ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099];
■ Food and tobacco [ISIC Divisions 10 to 12];
■ Paper, pulp and printing [ISIC Divisions 17 and 18];
■ Wood and wood products [other than pulp and paper] [ISIC Division 16];
■ Construction [ISIC Divisions 41 to 43];
■ Textile and leather [ISIC Divisions 13 to 15];
■ Non-specified (any manufacturing industry not included above) [ISIC Divisions 22, 3? and 32].
Transport
Other
Non-energy use
Transport includes all fuels used for transport [ISIC Divisions 49 to 51]. It includes transport in industry and covers domestic aviation, road, rail, pipeline transport, domestic navigation and non-specified transport. Fuel used for ocean, coastal and inland fishing [included under fishing) and military consumption [included in other non-specified) are excluded from transport. Please note that international marine and international aviation bunkers are also included here for world total.
Other covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 [excluding Class 8422), 85-88, 90-99], agriculture/forestry [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and non-specified consumption.
Non-energy use covers those fuels that are used as raw materials in the different sectors and are not consumed as a fuel or transformed into another fuel. Non-energy use also includes petrochemical feedstocks. Non-energy use is shown separately in final consumption under the heading non-energy use.
Unit abbreviations
bcm	billion cubic metres	MBtu	million British thermal units
Gcal	gigacalorie	Mt	million tonnes
GCV	gross calorific value	Mtoe	million tonnes of oil equivalent
GW	gigawatt	MWh	megawatt hour
GWh	gigawatt hour	PPP	purchasing power parity
kb/cd	thousand barrels per calendar day	t	metric ton = tonne = I 000 kg
kcal	kilocalorie	TJ	terajoule
kg	kilogramme	toe	tonne of oil equivalent = 107 kcal
kJ	kilojoule	TWh	terawatt hour
kWh	kilowatt hour	USD	United States dollar
GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
OECD1 Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Middle East Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
Non-OECD   Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe and  Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus2, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Eurasia        Georgia, Gibraltar, Kazakhstan, Kosovo3, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro3, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia3, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
China People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China.
Asia Bangladesh,  Brunei  Darussalam,  Cambodia,  India, Indonesia,
Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Viet Nam and Other Asia.
Non-OECD   Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Americas     Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles4, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Non-OECD Americas.
Africa Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic
Republic of Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan5, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa.
/. OECD includes Estonia and Slovenia starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for these two countries are included in Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia.
2. Note by Turkey:
The information in this document with reference to "Cyprus" relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNQ. Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the 'Cyprus issue". Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
3. Serbia includes Kosovo from 1990 to ! 999 and Montenegro from 1990 to 2004.
4. The Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010, resulting in two new constituent countries, Curacao and Saint Maarten, with the other islands joining the Netherlands. However, due to a lack of detailed data, the IEA secretariat's data and estimates under the Netherlands Antilles cover the whole territory of the former Netherlands Antilles
5. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 20II. However, due to a lack of detailed data, the IEA Secretariat's data and estimates under Sudan cover the whole territory of Sudan as it was on ! January 2011. Note: The countries listed above are those for which the IEA secretariat has direct statistics contacts. This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. In this publication "country" refers to country or territory, as the case may be.
1
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Published August 2014- Price €120 Electricity Information 2014
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Renewables Information 2014
This reference document brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products.
Published August 2014- Price €110 COz Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2014 Edition
In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication provides a basis for comparative analysis of C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic emissions. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of C02 from 1971 to 2012 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised I996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Published November 2014 - Price €165
Two Quarterlies
Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for OECD countries. Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by origin and destination. The gas trade data from 1st quarter 201 1 onwards corresponds to physical flows (entries/exits). Moreover, oil as well as hard coal and brown coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
Published Quarterly - Price € 120, annual subscription €380
This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD governments for up-to-date information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains crude oil import prices by crude stream, industry prices and consumer prices. The end-user prices for OECD member countries cover main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Time series availability varies with each data series.
Published Quarterly - Price € 120, annual subscription €380
Energy Prices and Taxes
Electronic Editions
CD-ROMs and Online Data Sen/ices
To complement its publications, the Energy Data Centre produces CD-ROMs containing the complete databases which are used for preparing the statistics publications. State-of-the-art software allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very user-friendly manner and includes graphic facilities. These databases are also available on the internet from our online data service.
■ Annual CD-ROMS / Online Databases
■ Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 1960-2013       Price: €550
■ Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 1960-2013      Price: €550
■ Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2012 Price: €550
■ Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2012 Price: €550 • Combined subscription of the above four series     Price: €1 400
■ Electricity Information 2014 Price: €550
■ Coal Information 2014 Price: €550
■ Natural Gas Information 2014 Price: €550
■ Oil Information 2014 Price: €550
■ Renewables Information 2014 Price: €400
■ C02 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2014 Price: €550
Quarterly CD-ROMs / Online Databases
■ Energy Prices and Taxes Price: (four quarters) €900
A description of these services is available on our website: http://data.iea.org
All the annual and quarterly online databases are also accessible over the internet on a pay-per-view basis. The databases can be accessed either for a single data point or for time series.
Other Online Services
The Monthly Oil Data Service
The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service comprises three packages available separately or combined as a subscriber service on the Internet. The data are available at the same time as the official release of the Oil Market Report. The packages include:
■ Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks Price: €6 000
■ Trade Price: €2 000
■ Field-by-Field Supply Price: €3 000 « Complete Service Price: €9 000
A description of this service is available on our website: www.iea.org/statistics/mods
The Monthly Gas Data Service provides monthly natural gas data for OECD countries:
■ Supply balances in terajoules and cubic metres;
■ Production, trade, stock changes and levels where available, gross inland deliveries, own use and losses;
■ Highly detailed trade data with about 50 import origins and export destinations;
■ LNG trade detail available from January 2002;
■ From 201 1 onwards, transit volumes are included and trade data corresponds to entries/exits.
The databases cover the time period January 1984 to current month with a time lag of two months for the most recent data.
■ Monthly Gas Data Service: Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical plus 12 monthly updates Price: €800
A description of this service is available on our website: www.iea.org/statistics/mgds
The Monthly Gas Data Service
Moreover, the IEA statistics website contains a wealth of free statistics covering oil, natural gas, coal, electricity, renewables, energy-related C02 emissions and more for over 140 countries and historic data for the last 20 years. It also contains Sankey flows to enable users to explore visually how a country's energy balance shifts over up to 40 years, starting with production and continuing through transformation to see important changes in supply mix or share of consumption. The websitealso includes selected databases for demonstration.
The IEA statistics site can be accessed at: www.iea.org/statistics/
Note: The prices quoted for Electronic Editions are for single-user licences. Please contact us for information on multi-user licence prices.
For more information, please feel free to contact the Energy Data Centre of the IEA by
E-mail: stats@iea.org
Phone: +33 (0)1 40 57 66 25.
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Oil Market Report
Each month, the primary source of data on supply, demand, stocks, prices and refining
Since its appearance in 1983, the International Energy Agency's Oil Market Report (OMR) has become the definitive source of information on world oil market fundamentals, covering supply, demand, OECD stocks, prices and refining as well as OECD and selected non-OECD trade.
The OMR provides the most extensive, up-to-date statistical data available on current world oil market trends. It is the first and exclusive source to present official government statistics from all OECD countries, as well as selected data from non-OECD countries.
The main market movements of the month are highlighted in a convenient summary, while detailed analysis explains recent market developments and provides an insight into the months ahead. It is the only regular short-term analysis of the oil industry available based on information obtained from the extensive IEA network of contacts with government and industry.
The OMR provides both historical data and supply/demand forecasts for the year ahead. Featuring tables, graphs and statistics, it provides all the data and analysis necessary to track the oil market and to identify trends in production, consumption, refining, inventories in OECD countries and prices for both crude and products.
Additionally, subscribers to the OMR receive a copy of the annual Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) which examines key industry themes. These include the impact of the global economic slowdown on oil demand, upstream and downstream investment levels, the likely pace of development of biofuels and non-conventional oil supplies, likely oil products availability and oil price formation. The MTOMR provides detailed supply and demand forecasts for crude oil and oil products looking five years forward, and since its inception in 2006 the report has become a standard industry reference.
To subscribe electronically, please see our website at www.oilmarketreport.org
Annual subscription rate for single electronic copy: 76^\ €2 200
World Energy Outlook 2014
The global energy landscape is evolving at a rapid pace, reshaping long-held expectations for our energy future. The 2014 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO) will incorporate all the latest data and developments to produce a comprehensive and authoritative analysis of medium- and longer-term energy trends. It will complement a full set of energy projections -which extend from today through, for the first time, the year 2040 - with strategic insights into their meaning for energy security, the economy and the environment. Oil, natural gas, coal, renewables and energy efficiency will be covered, along with updates on trends in energy-related C02 emissions, fossil-fuel and renewable energy subsidies, and universal access to modern energy services.
The WEO-2014 will also provide in-depth analysis of some topical energy sector issues:
■ Nuclear power: Uncertainties continue to cloud the future for nuclear - government policy, public confidence, financing in liberalised markets, competitiveness versus other sources of generation and the looming retirement of a large fleet of older plants. The study will assess the outlook for nuclear power and its implications.
■ Energy sector investment (WEO Special Report released 3 June): The analysis will provide a detailed assessment of current flows and future investment needs along the entire energy value chain, examining the scale of investment required and financing options. The report will also show how barriers to investment vary according to the strength of decarbonisation policies.
■ Africa (WEO Special Report to be released 13 October): This continent-wide focus, paying particular attention to the energy outlook for sub-Saharan Africa, will include data and projections for the entire region as well as for its key energy-producing and consuming countries. Key elements for analysis will be the prospects for improving access to modern energy services and for developing the region's huge resource potential in a way that contributes not only to regional and global energy balances but also to local economic and social well-being.
For more information please visit our website: www.worldenergyoutlook.org
Order now at www.iea.org/books
or by emailing books@iea.org    Price: €150
NOTES
This publication reflects the views of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Secretariat but does not necessarily reflect those of individual IEA member countries. The IEA makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, in respect to the publication's contents (including its completeness or accuracy) and shall not be responsible for any use of, or reliance on, the publication.
© OECD/IEA, 2014
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