A group of children raising their hands Description automatically generated Turkish Education System “Education does not only aim training the individual in the most equipped way, it also serves to the purpose of providing qualified labour to the country.” > Diagram Description automatically generated > A group of people sitting in a room Description automatically generated with medium confidence > Education in Turkey is one of the basic functions of the state and is carried out under the control and supervision of the state. The Ministry of National Education is structured in the form of central organization, provincial organization and foreign organization. A picture containing floor, indoor, room, dining table Description automatically generated •Education in Turkey is governed by a national system which was established in accordance with the Atatürk's Reforms after the Turkish War of Independence. It is a state-supervised system designed to produce a skillful professional class for the social and economic institutes of the nation. A picture containing text Description automatically generated • In Turkey, the National Ministry of Education is responsible for planning, programming, advancing, monitoring, and inspecting all educational and training services and activities. • • After new legislation on primary and secondary education was passed by the Grand National Assembly in 2012, the duration of compulsory education was established as 12 years in Turkey. The new “4+4+4” system covers four years of primary school, four years of lower secondary school, and four years of upper secondary school. A group of children raising their hands Description automatically generated Early Childhood/Pre-School Education > A group of children sitting around a table Description automatically generated with medium confidence •Early Childhood Education in Turkey covers the Nursery and Day Care Centres for children of 0-36 months, There are also early childhood educational centres in special education kindergartens, and Guidance Services for 0-36-month-old children who are in need of special education. Early Childhood/Pre-School Education A group of children sitting around a table Description automatically generated with medium confidence Early Childhood/Pre-School Education Pre-Primary education is an optional education for children between 3-5 years of age who are under the age of compulsory primary education. The purpose of this education is to ensure physical, mental and sensory development of children and the acquisition of good habits, to prepare children for primary education, to create a common atmosphere of growth for those living in inconvenient circumstances and to ensure that Turkish is spoken correct and well. Pre-school education is given in kindergartens, daycare homes, nursery classes in primary schools, and in private nurseries, all under the supervision of the Ministry. A picture containing floor, indoor, room, dining table Description automatically generated Primary School > A group of people sitting in a room Description automatically generated with medium confidence > -Primary Education (ages 5 to 13) lasts eight years, is free of charge, and is compulsory. -Primary education is provided in 4 year primary schools and 4 year lower secondary schools. > A group of children raising their hands Description automatically generated •The objective of primary education is ensuring that Turkish children acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and behaviors to become good citizens, that they are raised in accordance with national morals, and that they are prepared for life and for the next level of education according to their interests and capabilities. A person standing in front of a group of students in a classroom Description automatically generated with medium confidence Upper Secondary Education Upper Secondary Education • •Upper secondary education (Grades 9 to 12) lasts four years. It is free of charge and compulsory. In Turkey, there are two types of upper secondary school: general high schools and vocational and technical high schools. •General high schools accept students based on their scores on the Passing from Basic Education to Higher Education Examinations, which consist of examinations in mathematics, science, foreign languages, religious culture and ethics, history of the Turkish revolution, and Atatürk principles. •High schools with a specific focus include Anatolian high schools (where the curriculum emphasizes English and maths), science high schools (where the curriculum emphasizes science), fine arts and sports high schools, and social science high schools. •Vocational and technical high schools provide education and training leading to different careers. • A picture containing sky, outdoor, building, red Description automatically generated Upper Secondary Education • Vocational and technical secondary education involves the institutions that both raise students as manpower in business and other professional areas, prepare them for higher education and meet the objectives of general secondary education. • •Vocational and technical secondary education includes technical education schools for boys, technical education schools for girls, trade and tourism schools, religious education schools, multi-program high schools, special education schools, private education schools and health education schools. • • > Upper Secondary Education o4 years of High School Education (15-17/18) years of age. o oHigh schools are mostly owned by the government and provide free education. o • Although the curriculum differs according to the specific purpose of each type of school, the goals of secondary education are to provide students in all school types with the following: common, basic, overall knowledge; familiarity with the problems of the individual and society and the ability to seek solutions; awareness that will contribute to the socioeconomic and cultural development of the country; and preparation for higher education, a profession, life, and employment according to student interests and aptitudes. A group of people sitting on the lawn in front of a large building Description automatically generated with medium confidence Higher Education Higher Education Higher education includes all the educational institutions that are based on secondary education and provides at least two years of higher education. Universities provide higher education for students who hold high school diplomas. The objectives of secondary education, in accordance with the general purposes and basic principles of education established at the national level, are as follows: • •Train students according to the country’s science policies and the need for labor at various levels of society according to their interests, aptitude, and abilities •Provide scientific training at various levels •Conduct research, exploring the sciences in further detail in order to find solutions to scientific, technical, and cultural problems, especially to problems related to the country •Provide society with research results and analyses focusing on the country’s progress and development and involving the coordination of the government and other institutions •Publish research results that facilitate scientific and technological progress •Provide educational services, such as publishing scientific data, that can improve Turkish society and enlighten the public Higher Education •Higher education institutions include universities, institutes, colleges, conservatories, vocational colleges, and centers for practice and research. •4 years of University, or 2 years at Higher Vocational Schools. Some schools have an additional year of language study. •Master’s study lasts 2 years, PhD 3-5 years. • The General Structure of the Turkish Educational System Graphical user interface, timeline Description automatically generated with medium confidence A picture containing text Description automatically generated Turkish Education •There are four core subjects at First, Second and Third Grades which are; Turkish, Maths, Hayat Bilgisi (literally meaning "Life Knowledge") and Foreign Language. •At Fourth Grade, "Hayat Bilgisi" is replaced by Science and Social Studies. The foreign language taught at schools and the most common one is English, while some schools teach German, French or Spanish instead of English. Some private schools teach two foreign languages at the same time. • > A group of children raising their hands Description automatically generated •The most common foreign language is English, which in public schools is taught from 2nd grade onwards through to the end of high school. In high school a second foreign language is introduced. In many cases employ native speakers of English as teachers. After 2012, Ministry of Education also included Abkhaz, Adyghe, Standard Georgian, and Laz and Kurdish languages in 2013, and Albanian as well as Bosnian languages in February 2017. In 2015, the Ministry of Education announced that as of the 2016-17 academic year, Arabic courses (as a second language) will be offered to students in elementary school starting in second grade. The Arabic courses will be offered as an elective language course like German, French and English. A group of children in a classroom Description automatically generated with medium confidence •Melike DAĞCAN SOURCES