SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES
Kristýna Štefková, Anna MáriaValová, Karolina Žylová
CZECH REPUBLIC & SLOVAKIA
• „Specific learning disabilities are defined as the inability to learn, read,
write and count, using common teaching methods with average
intelligence and reasonable socio-cultural opportunities“
• SLD cannot be cured
• SLD doesn‘t affect only school skills
USA
• „Specific Learning Disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may
manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do
mathematical calculations.“
• should not be confused with learning problems
• people with SLD are average or above average intelligent
• by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the term is one of 13
categories of disability
UK
• Specific Learning Difficulties are defined as problems on
neurological base
• they can have a significant impact on education and information
processing
• umbrella term that includes diagnosis as dyslexia, dyspraxia,
dyscalculia, dysgraphia,ADHD,ADD
MAIN FEATURES OF SLD IN CZECH
REPUBLIC & SLOVAKIA
Zelinková:
● Visual perception and orientation
● Auditory perception
● Automation
● Memory
● Attention concentration.
● Motor, graphomotor (GM)
MAIN FEATURES OF SLD IN US
● Difficulty reading (e.g., inaccurate, slow and only with much effort)
● Difficulty understanding the meaning of what is read
● Difficulty with spelling
● Difficulty with written expression (e.g., problems with grammar, punctuation or
organization)
● Difficulty understanding number concepts, number facts or calculation
● Difficulty with mathematical reasoning (e.g., applying math concepts or solving math
problems)
MAIN FEATURES OF SLD IN UK
● Memory difficulties
● Organisational difficulties
● Writing difficulties
● Visual processing difficulties
● Reading difficulties
● Auditory processing difficulties
● Time management difficulties
● Sensory distraction: an inability to screen out extraneous visual or auditory
stimuli
● Sensory overload: a heightened sensitivity to visual stimuli and sound; an inability
to cope with busy environments
INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF
SLD
● ICD →V. Mental and behavioural disorders → block F80-F89 Disorders of
psychological development → F81 Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills:
„Disorders in which the normal patterns of skill acquisition are disturbed from the early
stages of development.This is not simply a consequence of a lack of opportunity to learn, it
is not solely a result of mental retardation, and it is not due to any form of acquired brain
trauma or disease.“
● F81.0 Specific reading disorder
● F81.1 Specific spelling disorder
● F81.2 Specific disorder of arithmetical skills
● F81.3 Mixed disorder of scholastic skills
● F81.8 Other developmental disorders of scholastic skills
● F81.9 Developmental disorder of scholastic skills, unspecified
TYPES OF DIFFICULTIES IN THE SLD
GROUP ON NATIONAL LEVEL
• Dyslexia
• Dysgraphia
• Dyscalculia
• Dyspraxia
• Dysortographia
• Dyspinxia
• Dysmusia
• Dyslexia
• Dysgraphia
• Dyscalculia
• (Oral/written language disorder
and specific reading comprehension
deficit)
• (Non-verbal learning disabilities)
• Dyslexia
• Dysgraphia
• Dyscalculia
• Dyspraxia/ Developmental
coordination disorder (DCD)
• Attention Defficit (Hyperactivity)
Disorder
TIME FOR AN ACTIVITY 
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
RESOURCES
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Copyright © 1999 [cit. 24.09.2021]. Dostupné z: https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/sd-sld
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Portál. ISBN 978-80-7367-474-8.
• Specific Learning Difficulties | Disability Resource Centre. Disability Resource Centre | DRC [online].
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disabled-students/understanding-effects-impairments-1
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of-learning-disabilities/
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Psychiatric Association.All Rights Reserved. [cit. 27.09.2021]. Dostupné z:
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/specific-learning-disorder/what-is-specific-learning-
disorder
RESOURCES
• [online]. Dostupné z: https://www.dyslexia.uk.net/specific-learning-difficulties/
• Worls Health Organisation. (2019). International Statistical Classification of
Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version
for ;2019-covid-expanded. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F80-F89
• Learning Disabilities Association of America. (n.d.). Learning disabilities.
https://ldaamerica.org/disability_type/learning-disabilities/