PHONEMIC SYMBOLS – CONSONANTS

                 adapted from English Phonetics and Phonology (Roach 2009: x, 52)



                                         Phonemic symbols

                                           RP/BrE + GenAm

                                                                                                    Example words

                                             PLOSIVES

                                                 p

                                                         pen, cap, copy, happen, particular

                                                 b

                                                         bad, back, bubble, job, ubiquitous

                                                 t

                                                         team, teacher, tight, button, bat

                                                 d

                                                         dad, day, ladder, odd, udder

                                                 k

                                                         key, coin, clock, school, skate

                                                 g

                                                         get, ghost, big, giggle, garage

                                            AFFRICATES

                                                tʃ

                                                         church, match, nature, chin, cheese

                                                dʒ

                                                         judge, age, soldier, jam, adjourn

                                            FRICATIVES

                                                 f

                                                         fat, film, coffee, rough, physics

                                                 v

                                                         view, veil, heavy, move, vase

                                                 θ

                                                         think, thirsty, author, path, cloth

                                                 ð

                                                         this, other, smooth, bathe, soothing

                                                 s

                                                         sip, place, cease, sister, bass

                                                 z

                                                         zero, music, roses, plays, buzz

                                                 ʃ

                                                         ship, shock, assure, station, astonishing

                                                 ʒ

                                                         genre, pleasure, vision, measure, rouge

                                                 h

                                                         hot, who, whole, behind, ahead

                                              NASALS

                                                 m

                                                         more, mother, hammer, sum, amusing

                                                 n

                                                         no, know, funny, sun, annoying

                                                 ŋ

                                                         ring, anger, thanks, sung, wrong

                                        LATERAL APPROXIMANT

                                                 l

                                                         light, alike, valley, feel, really

                                           APPROXIMANTS

                                                 r

                                                         rabbit, write, sorry, arrange, agree

                                                 w

                                                         wet, one, when, queen, awake

                                                 j

                                                         yet, yolk, use, unique, beauty