Lesson 7 / Handout 7a

Match the following semantic roles of adverbials to the examples below:



degree   contingency(result)   space(position)   modality(approximation)   time(position)
modality(restriction)   contingency(cause)   process(manner)   space(direction)
contingency(reason)   process(instrument)   time(duration)   contingency(purpose)
process(agency)   contingency(concession)   time(frequency)   contingency(condition)



 1. a)   The child was asleep on the grass.

b)   The woman walked down the hill.


 2. a)   He was born in 1978.

b)   I shall be in New York until Thursday.

            c)   They very seldom went to see their grandparents.


3.   a)   The teacher explained everything very clearly.

      b)   He has difficulty eating with chopsticks.

      c)   This book was written by Ernest Hemingway.


4.   a)   Her father died of cancer.

      b)   She bought the book through an interest in linguistics.

      c)   She bought the book to study linguistics.

      d)   She read the book carefully, so she acquired a good knowledge of linguistics.

      e)   If she reads the book carefully, she will acquire a good knowledge of linguistics.

      f)   Though she read the book carefully, she didn’t achieve much knowledge of linguistics.


 5. a)   He is probably going to leave.

b)   He should be in London only until Tuesday.


 6. a)   Her father helped her a little with her research.



References:

Greenbaum, S. and R. Quirk (1990) A Student’s Grammar of the English Language. Harlow: Longman.
(pp. 158-160)