Vylučování odlehlých výsledků Krabicový graf a jeho dvě užití seřazeno funkce =quartil.inc() 37 47 41 30 68 79 98 87 70 17 68 v krabici je.... 48 65 18 86 83 82 10 84 78 29 18 83 60 vylučování odlehlých výsledků metoda vnitřních hradeb 7 63 110 69 87 99 62 87 89 45 "MVH, Vnitřní hradby, vnější hradby" Která z těchto 55 hodnot je odlehlá? 29 179 180 201 300 301 304 350 399 401 455 501 503 540 543 549 560 561 562 563 569 570 599 601 603 650 701 703 704 709 713 733 745 801 900 982 983 985 999 1001 1002 1003 1009 1100 1101 1102 1103 1109 1201 1301 1399 1400 1501 1599 1699 Q1 Q3 IQR LIF UIF LOF UOF více o vylučování odlehlých výsledků - viz dále ##### Sheet/List 2 ##### Která z těchto 55 hodnot je odlehlá? = v předchozím příkladu jsme použili MVH a vyloučili největší hodnotu 1699 nyní použijeme Grubbsův test 29 179 180 201 300 301 304 350 399 401 455 501 503 540 543 549 560 561 562 563 569 570 599 601 603 650 701 703 704 709 713 733 745 801 900 982 983 985 999 1001 1002 1003 1009 1100 1101 1102 1103 1109 1201 1301 1399 1400 1501 1599 1699 29 179 180 201 300 301 T 304 350 399 401 455 501 503 540 543 549 560 561 562 563 569 570 599 601 603 650 701 703 704 709 713 733 745 801 900 982 983 985 999 1001 1002 1003 1009 1100 1101 1102 1103 1109 1201 T 1301 1399 1400 1501 1599 1699 závěr: V daném výběrovém souboru .... Grubbsův test zkontrolovat normalitu průměr směrodatná odchylka T 7 63 110 69 87 99 62 87 89 45 ryby Rybáři vylovili malý rybník v městském parku. "Byl to první výlov po 10ti letech, byly v něm ryby různých velikostí, celkem 30 kusů. Jejich váhy jsou tyto:" "Zjistěte, zda-li je některá hodnota odlehlá. " m (kg) seřazeno 1 0.30 metoda vnitřních/vnějších hradeb 2 1.90 3 2.10 4 0.48 =Q1 5 2.10 6 3.10 =Q3 7 0.80 =R31 8 2.30 =1.5*R31 9 3.20 =3*R31 10 1.00 inner 11 1.60 12 2.20 outer 13 2.50 14 1.40 15 2.20 16 4.00 17 1.10 18 2.00 19 3.10 20 1.95 21 2.00 22 1.50 23 2.56 24 8.00 25 1.01 26 2.15 27 4.30 28 0.90 29 2.20 30 1.30 Dean-Dixon Q-test R= "Q1,2=" "Q29,30=" Qcrit(0.05) ##### Sheet/List 3 ##### Najdi odlehlé hodnoty pomocí Grubbsova testu vyjádři interval spolehlivosti se správným počtem desetinných míst zaokrouhlujeme na 2 platné číslice směrodatné odchylky číslo měření koncentrace Pb [ng/ml] T kritické hodnoty Grubbsova testu (dvoustranný test) 1 37.9 N\a 0.05 2 22.8 3 1.155 3 13.4 4 1.481 4 31.6 5 1.715 5 50.8 6 1.887 6 20.2 7 2.020 7 9.5 8 2.126 8 26.7 9 2.215 9 78.1 10 2.290 10 22.0 11 2.355 12 2.412 13 2.462 14 2.507 15 2.549 16 2.585 17 2.620 18 2.651 19 2.681 20 2.709 sm.odchylka s.e.m. dolní IS horní IS normsinv Q-Q graf ##### Sheet/List 4 ##### INTERVAL SPOLEHLIVOSTI - CONFIDENCE INTERVAL "Co je to interval spolehlivosti průměru? ""Confidence interval"" je oblast, kde 95% opakovaných měření nalezne skutečnou průměrnou hodnotu" při všech možných kombinacích výběrů z dané populace. pro opakované spojité hodnoty normálně rozdělené "se hodnota počítá kolem arit. průměru (""mean"")" příklad 44 47 61 64 84 85 průměr =T.INV.2T(0.05;N-1) SEM CI =L1 =L2 pro ne-normálně rozdělené spojité hodnoty se uvádí CI kolem mediánu; hledají se indexy http://perfeval.epfl.ch Stanovte 95% interval spolehlivosti mediánu populace pro oba dva výběrové soubory A a B. species A species B 16 34 32 36 (A) j= 37 38 (A) k= 39 45 p= 40 50 41 54 42 56 (B) j= 50 59 (B) k= 82 69 p= 91 n= pro poměr (počty výskytů) Lékař vybral náhodný vzorek 215 žen ze svého registru. Z nich 39 trpělo astmatem. Jaký je výskyt astmatu v populaci? celkem n= problém s astmatem= p= s.e.= 1.96 1/2 I.S.= L1 L2 ##### Sheet/List 5 ##### příklady výpočtů intervalu spolehlivosti "V průmyslové odpadní vodě objemu 1000 ml byl polarograficky zjištěn zinek v množství: 150 μg, 142 μg, 148 μg, 134 μg, 144 μg, 140 μg, 144 μg, 139 μg, 146 μg, 139 μg, 138 μg, 146 μg. " "Vypočtěte směrodatnou odchylku s a interval spolehlivosti s pravděpodobností 95% (α = 0,05)." 150 142 148 134 144 140 144 139 146 139 138 146 data seřazeno T normálně rozděleno? IS dle Studenta n= prumer= s(n-1)= t(0.05;st.v.) s.e.m= L1= L2= nenormálně?: indexy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L1 L2 ##### Sheet/List 6 ##### 116.5030542 116.5 normálně rozdělená populace 0 binomicky rozdělená populace 103.8956387 103.9 např. hladina léčiva v krvi (umol/L) 0 např. pacient lékaře s obezitou = 1 100.3676632 100.4 1 pacient lékaře bez obezity = 0 113.4850779 113.5 1 102.8219347 102.8 0 108.4581416 108.5 0 122.1449227 122.1 0 108.0663995 108.1 1 114.1174496 114.1 1 101.068031 101.1 0 92.28657543 92.3 0 94.85571607 94.9 0 119.3757842 119.4 0 112.6158284 112.6 0 106.7350584 106.7 0 101.5324986 101.5 0 108.667871 108.7 0 89.72939466 89.7 0 129.4450729 129.4 50 náhodných čísel řádků 0 50 náhodných čísel řádků 113.8690211 113.9 0 120.4150638 120.4 hodnoty z B 0 hodnoty z I 93.68612862 93.7 z gen. zaokr.celé 0 z gen. zaokr.celé 105.7071361 105.7 #REF! 0 #REF! 108.0103973 108.0 0 106.7369683 106.7 1 98.387716 98.4 1 110.2021431 110.2 0 90.5048071 90.5 0 89.27955858 89.3 1 83.95414877 84.0 0 96.38184818 96.4 0 94.01331934 94.0 0 104.5437901 104.5 0 103.0487627 103.0 0 85.52984835 85.5 1 90.44339347 90.4 0 82.790996 82.8 0 109.9204271 109.9 1 77.95184754 78.0 0 110.8449512 110.8 0 100.4227786 100.4 0 100.811383 100.8 1 95.01226284 95.0 0 104.9825417 105.0 0 96.5869165 96.6 0 100.1633339 100.2 0 91.39323563 91.4 0 99.45467835 99.5 0 84.71084837 84.7 0 84.61662472 84.6 0 88.4714498 88.5 1 94.76643779 94.8 0 101.5410251 101.5 0 94.11186309 94.1 0 100.8843244 100.9 0 95.42310434 95.4 0 98.24573251 98.2 0 106.3981361 106.4 0 94.56890691 94.6 0 102.254626 102.3 1 88.42224613 88.4 1 110.6231028 110.6 1 96.28203113 96.3 1 90.07081897 90.1 0 90.06454345 90.1 0 98.53325789 98.5 0 104.3403134 104.3 0 100.9319479 100.9 1 100.2077059 100.2 0 105.0007429 105.0 1 110.4261289 110.4 0 106.5708832 106.6 0 115.7614068 115.8 0 92.61715402 92.6 0 počet 1 104.7303388 104.7 0 p= 69.29400368 69.3 1 n= 104.2472038 104.2 0 se(p)= 96.92959136 96.9 0 113.7657025 113.8 0 L1 96.80103429 96.8 0 L2 117.8224582 117.8 0 94.80500037 94.8 0 99.53970473 99.5 0 95.55437853 95.6 0 91.39765805 91.4 1 90.76339918 90.8 prům 0 101.8755941 101.9 sm.odch 1 101.7239813 101.7 n= 1 111.4796194 111.5 sem= 0 85.5036549 85.5 Studentův koeficient =t.inv.2T 0 104.6347395 104.6 L1 0 86.874559 86.9 L2 0 89.25370619 89.3 0 103.9203996 103.9 0 84.11017259 84.1 0 110.9613666 111.0 0 97.41610281 97.4 0 97.20749884 97.2 0 106.0747652 106.1 malý soubor seřazeno 0 118.5283625 118.5 1 0 97.33454388 97.3 2 0 98.65377731 98.7 3 1 99.55501835 99.6 4 0 106.5121412 106.5 5 0 101.0518761 101.1 6 0 110.5387471 110.5 7 1 115.1382665 115.1 8 0 105.1390543 105.1 9 0 106.1661012 106.2 10 1 90.63843461 90.6 11 0 91.00562036 91.0 0 104.804906 104.8 n= 0 98.76716856 98.8 j= 1 94.30906428 94.3 k= 1 85.93621058 85.9 0 92.3143605 92.3 95% IS L1 0 99.25536258 99.3 L2 0 98.56881914 98.6 1 103.6958454 103.7 0 95.89136905 95.9 0 111.7118816 111.7 0 94.72340733 94.7 0 104.5420961 104.5 0 113.7578127 113.8 0 107.1270506 107.1 0 125.132249 125.1 0 84.5891125 84.6 0 109.7197244 109.7 0 94.38803115 94.4 1 79.18130248 79.2 0 110.0793386 110.1 0 116.2573087 116.3 0 99.89481694 99.9 0 119.5589564 119.6 0 101.1357656 101.1 1 91.16496383 91.2 1 101.6432864 101.6 0 112.9997716 113.0 0 109.1653646 109.2 0 107.3898832 107.4 0 109.8034889 109.8 0 95.67648956 95.7 0 114.6400453 114.6 0 111.4751856 111.5 0 96.94321104 96.9 0 105.3992153 105.4 1 86.29323272 86.3 0 106.1254468 106.1 0 97.04965603 97.0 0 95.73269633 95.7 0 91.98960268 92.0 1 99.72419573 99.7 0 89.54353941 89.5 0 101.3709268 101.4 0 87.93455234 87.9 0 108.8068077 108.8 0 117.3245098 117.3 0 91.99592366 92.0 0 103.2650632 103.3 0 101.3832846 101.4 1 103.3984861 103.4 1 90.17545633 90.2 0 106.9750286 107.0 0 99.84431724 99.8 0 76.87555151 76.9 1 114.6066213 114.6 0 95.74945377 95.7 0 98.66304279 98.7 0 90.42283889 90.4 0 89.97770945 90.0 1 93.1415914 93.1 1 106.6451094 106.6 0 104.0255372 104.0 0 85.6551085 85.7 0 106.2012987 106.2 1 98.52475412 98.5 0 100.1908802 100.2 0 100.9980454 101.0 0 109.172345 109.2 0 89.07203462 89.1 0 95.83303634 95.8 0 112.544956 112.5 0 97.46353296 97.5 0 112.4663529 112.5 0 94.46933998 94.5 0 93.61969003 93.6 0 120.7654921 120.8 0 85.28583092 85.3 0 87.71950231 87.7 0 97.93722054 97.9 0 104.325193 104.3 0 100.9550035 101.0 0 89.47457698 89.5 0 115.4840563 115.5 0 96.7058784 96.7 0 89.78755684 89.8 0 101.1157454 101.1 1 106.3990683 106.4 0 108.5702595 108.6 0 113.6134076 113.6 0 97.88404921 97.9 1 104.6961532 104.7 0 94.11186309 94.1 0 104.7500293 104.8 0 93.96291059 94.0 1 97.64166887 97.6 1 109.8121518 109.8 0 113.6599283 113.7 1 99.95754933 100.0 0 83.02823769 83.0 1 107.2012199 107.2 1 93.46798631 93.5 1 89.3080485 89.3 0 116.23157 116.2 1 122.8143108 122.8 0 99.15022499 99.2 0 109.2237315 109.2 0 88.39080035 88.4 0 97.97393002 98.0 1 100.4166509 100.4 0 69.98376446 70.0 0 100.187049 100.2 0 106.6928806 106.7 1 95.53832595 95.5 0 98.60590378 98.6 0 106.5955874 106.6 0 106.4677579 106.5 0 75.26174411 75.3 1 87.72436811 87.7 0 103.0992851 103.1 0 101.4961415 101.5 0 78.25452738 78.3 0 94.03801212 94.0 0 108.9201194 108.9 0 89.0134859 89.0 0 90.24093995 90.2 0 90.65621523 90.7 0 87.75033418 87.8 1 89.11225703 89.1 1 110.4577794 110.5 0 114.2260433 114.2 1 107.0307351 107.0 0 101.2975988 101.3 0 98.32801905 98.3 1 77.1856892 77.2 1 87.01803179 87.0 0 97.82220357 97.8 1 89.58835477 89.6 0 90.26063051 90.3 1 88.32752226 88.3 0 106.0931825 106.1 1 100.0394039 100.0 0 109.3437848 109.3 0 89.81586486 89.8 0 86.94304395 86.9 0 99.98967724 100.0 0 83.69662535 83.7 0 93.56239186 93.6 0 86.00987965 86.0 0 104.2262855 104.2 0 88.4862973 88.5 0 101.8078936 101.8 0 111.0285782 111.0 0 91.92830273 91.9 0 103.115349 103.1 0 90.91469363 90.9 0 91.49691803 91.5 0 95.07194843 95.1 0 93.479355 93.5 1 106.807204 106.8 0 91.20445864 91.2 1 110.2317927 110.2 0 93.48028723 93.5 0 100.0439854 100.0 0 119.4007953 119.4 0 101.1011252 101.1 0 101.6650006 101.7 0 106.1115998 106.1 0 107.2967168 107.3 0 113.7795269 113.8 1 103.8058261 103.8 1 100.5706056 100.6 0 96.51628286 96.5 0 113.3813501 113.4 0 90.78445398 90.8 1 108.9657533 109.0 0 102.3001576 102.3 1 104.1319481 104.1 0 97.3915692 97.4 1 98.57731154 98.6 0 107.0572128 107.1 0 93.76530013 93.8 0 97.82298801 97.8 0 96.56502041 96.6 0 103.6067149 103.6 0 122.4479663 122.4 1 92.87392711 92.9 0 104.9643631 105.0 0 126.7347787 126.7 0 107.4483069 107.4 0 109.172345 109.2 0 104.6406967 104.6 0 91.59098252 91.6 0 100.5131483 100.5 0 112.0196546 112.0 0 96.78652784 96.8 0 120.198604 120.2 0 125.7336069 125.7 0 109.7233851 109.7 0 77.37759259 77.4 0 108.3167834 108.3 1 107.4624495 107.5 1 100.1503281 100.2 0 111.3840542 111.4 0 115.2278972 115.2 0 89.88116658 89.9 1 84.92398845 84.9 1 106.0453431 106.0 0 107.4220907 107.4 0 98.68464329 98.7 0 109.0599087 109.1 0 100.9373252 100.9 0 94.85221451 94.9 0 99.70199269 99.7 0 91.85390607 91.9 0 101.540252 101.5 1 99.08571908 99.1 0 111.21889 111.2 0 108.7977924 108.8 0 100.6449454 100.6 1 92.33284598 92.3 0 106.0582124 106.1 0 101.8195578 101.8 0 79.17466317 79.2 1 81.95603439 82.0 0 100.6648747 100.7 0 86.960961 87.0 0 106.9906491 107.0 1 104.3689056 104.4 1 105.9976628 106.0 1 93.26973921 93.3 0 112.4215603 112.4 0 113.3049525 113.3 1 106.8797135 106.9 0 111.7073341 111.7 0 129.3301127 129.3 1 92.05899712 92.1 0 91.10377757 91.1 1 112.6856548 112.7 1 113.3963567 113.4 0 109.5288669 109.5 0 100.7791641 100.8 0 101.38715 101.4 0 84.80375325 84.8 0 97.29806177 97.3 0 100.8267421 100.8 1 89.33915322 89.3 0 99.93995061 99.9 1 101.6572471 101.7 0 97.62358129 97.6 1 115.03563 115.0 0 89.90665517 89.9 0 105.820948 105.8 0 112.311466 112.3 0 103.2086291 103.2 0 104.7140929 104.7 0 92.19146503 92.2 0 101.2521014 101.3 1 86.29518814 86.3 1 95.22083272 95.2 1 94.91586777 94.9 0 91.79512997 91.8 0 103.9600877 104.0 0 87.31263986 87.3 0 90.11206455 90.1 0 114.732268 114.7 0 108.9588866 109.0 1 76.23053787 76.2 0 88.26683623 88.3 0 99.5106009 99.5 1 99.76474783 99.8 1 90.16554284 90.2 0 102.9687271 103.0 0 102.8139766 102.8 1 107.0229135 107.0 0 109.4735924 109.5 0 111.1859208 111.2 1 89.04002041 89.0 0 93.68052386 93.7 1 94.61671223 94.6 1 109.7997599 109.8 1 90.92276539 90.9 0 87.61145434 87.6 1 95.64371365 95.6 1 99.8183057 99.8 0 100.1181888 100.1 0 100.0309797 100.0 1 96.34261485 96.3 1 114.3085799 114.3 0 94.94023086 94.9 0 116.9043233 116.9 0 125.3927283 125.4 1 94.88886715 94.9 0 98.4171609 98.4 0 94.50495807 94.5 0 89.67609827 89.7 0 93.97484771 94.0 1 97.3955255 97.4 0 93.76343567 93.8 0 94.57422746 94.6 0 106.3316293 106.3 1 83.12114258 83.1 0 85.04913492 85.0 0 85.03039933 85.0 0 103.5398557 103.5 0 97.94581527 97.9 0 99.57798309 99.6 0 113.6852577 113.7 0 105.8954129 105.9 0 101.6572471 101.7 0 79.1612936 79.2 0 110.6056405 110.6 0 109.1805077 109.2 0 108.8293746 108.8 0 106.410346 106.4 0 86.05853762 86.1 0 105.2186579 105.2 0 95.9827619 96.0 0 88.46549261 88.5 0 100.4641265 100.5 0 122.8143108 122.8 0 101.0980443 101.1 0 105.5895953 105.6 0 78.97666617 79.0 0 92.89068455 92.9 1 116.5993697 116.6 0 108.97262 109.0 1 95.63445954 95.6 1 102.9951252 103.0 0 94.38446139 94.4 0 86.80909812 86.8 0 100.6112259 100.6 0 94.73307071 94.7 1 98.05585276 98.1 0 93.48785877 93.5 1 121.9621143 122.0 0 84.17470124 84.2 0 105.7540092 105.8 0 104.947924 104.9 1 104.9366918 104.9 0 87.51031853 87.5 0 103.0231377 103.0 0 93.67864802 93.7 1 110.8752829 110.9 0 105.8272917 105.8 0 115.5324415 115.5 0 89.23869953 89.2 0 105.7829311 105.8 0 103.9476845 103.9 1 105.6639692 105.7 0 109.4460802 109.4 1 97.93408278 97.9 0 112.9784212 113.0 0 82.51196303 82.5 0 93.92523478 93.9 0 112.4547114 112.5 0 109.7861857 109.8 0 108.8882643 108.9 0 94.30096977 94.3 0 105.7260536 105.7 0 92.40653779 92.4 0 107.0925807 107.1 0 84.62412805 84.6 0 103.9369297 103.9 0 91.60841071 91.6 1 104.7757339 104.8 0 86.94843271 86.9 0 84.67133082 84.7 0 104.9782102 105.0 0 94.79973667 94.8 0 93.11348802 93.1 0 108.4319254 108.4 0 95.49264658 95.5 0 103.1836862 103.2 1 93.58965397 93.6 0 107.6333208 107.6 1 97.25519046 97.3 0 93.07756298 93.1 1 100.7991048 100.8 0 109.7418251 109.7 1 109.4186362 109.4 0 98.82804786 98.8 0 96.12664396 96.1 0 86.63547558 86.6 0 108.8826027 108.9 0 102.6805196 102.7 1 98.86115347 98.9 0 97.72182946 97.7 1 121.0443432 121.0 0 102.9583362 103.0 0