CELL SIGNALING
(American ENGLISCH: cell signalling)
(9/11 2021)
Cells respond to signals produced by
1) environment
2) other cells or by 3) themselves.
This mechanism, called cell signaling, allows
cell-cell communication and is necessary for
the functional regulation of single-cell
organism and regulation and integration of
multicellular organisms.
( NO SIGNAL = DEATH OF CELL )
ENVIROMENTAL SIGNAL
(pure physical signal)
Temperature, pressure, pH, roughness of
surface, vibration, light, …
BIOLOGICAL SIGNAL
(mostly defined as: signaling by small
molecules and macromolecules)
(for example: Nitric oxide, Adrenaline)
….We will focuse in this lesson
only to the biological signal:
Basic princip of signal molecule interaction
with cell:
RULE 1
• Different cells have different reaction to
the same signal molecule:
Example:
Acetylcholine
Heart muscle cells skeletal muscle cell
= contraction of cytoskeleton = contraction
Salivary gland cell
= secretion
RULE 3
• Some signal are based on one simple
molecule, some another signal need
„COMBINATION OF MOLECULES IN
ONE TIME“ (or in following time)
RULE 3
Some cells can
be donated by
signal from
small distance
some another
from far
location in the
body.
WE HAVE 4
FORMS OF
INTERCELLUL
AR
SIGNALING:
Internal machinery of signal
molecule activity in the cells
• !! Not all signal molecule had to induce
change in DNA translation and gene
delivery !!
3 classes of surface receptors:
Complex overview :
3 types of membrane receptors + nuclear.r.
FIRST messenger
versus
SECOND messenger
• First messengers are extracellular factors,
often hormones or neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine, growth
hormone, and serotonin. Because peptide hormones and
neurotransmitters typically are biochemically hydrophilic molecules,
these first messengers may not physically cross the phospholipid
bilayer to initiate changes within the cell directly—unlike steroid
hormones, which usually do.
• Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules
released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling
molecules—the first messengers. (Intracellular signals, a non-local
form or cell signaling
…overview of second
messenger
Examples of signal MOLECULEs
• Alberts
Essential Cell Biology (chapter CELL SIGNAL)
EXAMPLE 1 - pathology
connected to cell signal
machinery
EXAMPLE 2 - CANCER
• Papalazarou, V., Salmeron-Sanchez, M.,
and Machesky, L. M. (2018). Tissue
engineering the cancer microenvironmentchallenges
and opportunities. Biophys.
Rev. 10, 1695–1711. doi: 10.1007/s12551-
018-0466-8
REC. LITERATURE
• Alberts (2004) Essential CELL Biology –
Chapter CELL COMMUNICATION
Cell singaling is important aspect for starting
and of cell-death
for next lessons: please visit the pictures in
article
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
MC6796845/
The molecular machinery of regulated cell death
Daolin Tang,
#1,2 Rui Kang,
2 Tom Vanden Berghe,
3,4,5 Peter Vandenabeele,
3,4,6 and Guido Kroemer
Some advanced modern publication about
importatn singal for cell
(proliferation,differentiation, migration, cell death)
• Stem cell proliferation is induced by apoptotic bodies from dying cells during
epithelial tissue maintenance Courtney K. Brock, Published: 05 March 2019
• Engineered Biomaterials Control Differentiation and Proliferation of Human-Embryonic-Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
via Timed Notch Activation Author links open overlay panelJason C.Tung1Sharon L.Paige2
• An engraved surface induces weak adherence and high proliferation of nonadherent cells and microorganisms during
cultureSunil Thomas
Published Online:12 Jun 2020https://doi.org/10.2144/btn-2020-0022