Josef Skopalík, Ph.D.
Biology2022 - FAOB1
BIOLOGY
Introduction
Short summary of BIOLOGY
in next 12 weeks
September 2022 Introduction. Microscopy and another visualisation methods
Cell – definition, development of cells (bacteria, plant, animal).
Eukaroyte / Prokaryote
Basic internal structure and bioenergetics of different cells
October 2022 Structure of biological membranes - basal cell bioenergetic.
Transport of ion and another bioactive compound.
Organelles and illness connected to organelles.
Organelles and clinical target in organelless.
November 2022 Cell signaling and Cell cycle.
– clicnical aspect for Cancer and Regeneration medicine
Biologie of human immune system. Pathological state
in immune systém and basic clinical strategy.
Cell division (Types of Division in PROKARYOTE and EUKARYOTE).
Mitosis and Meiosis. Gene transcription. Genome. MENDEL genetics.
Mutation and cancer
October 2022 Modern trends in cell biology and genetics
Why medical and pharmaceutical worker need BIOLOGY
a CELL BIOLOGY:
• We should take not only macroscopical experience and
statistic form curative effects from set of patient in
previous time
• We need also basic idea about structure of tissue and
cells and about aktivity of bioactive molecules in this
microstructure
• Many new pharma-compounds arte tested on cells IN
VITRO (Evidence based science – before clincila tests)
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell,
that has a specific function. The name organelle comes from the idea
that these structures are parts of cells, as organs are to the body,
hence organelle, the suffix -elle being a diminutive.
MAGNIFICATION
and RESOLUTION
of visualisation machine (microscopes, ultrasound, telescopes…)
• RESOLUTION (or sometimes RESOLVING POWERS) is
defined as the ability of a microscope (or another machine) to
distinguish two close together entities as being separate. An
example of resolving power is how well a microcope can show
two bacteria as two separated circles.
• For example school microscope : 0,1mm distance of bacterias resolve, but 0,01mm long
• bacteria which are in contact are visited as on small
dot.
• RESOLUTIO of microscope - similar to
screen defintion of resolution in home TV
or PC)
• MAGNIFICATION of any optical machine
can be defined by two ways:
• Standart magnification Anglular magnification (mostly for LENS)
Both of them are comparable and recomputable
Typical resolution of traditional
microscopes
Learn!! Will be also in final test !
!! IMPORTANT VOCABULARY
of microscope comopnents (will be used in 3 excersise at
october !!!) and will also in final test
Practical excersise 1
MICROSCOPE
Basic aims:
1) Be friendly with school optical microscope.
2) Be prepared to read magnification of objectives
3) Be prepared to focuse the microscope and draw the cell
structure vhich is visble in mircroscope
For basic bacrkoudn vocabulary:
Practical excersise 1
MICROSCOPE
Basic aims:
4) Be friendly with recomputing of
mm …… um ….. nm (mili … micro … nano meter)
5) Be prepared to tip, which visualization machine produce this scans:
6) Have a idea about resolution of machines
Additional very good short
movie about tomography:
LECTURE 2
Cell and the subcellular structures
Prokaryota / Eukaryota
Cells from Animal / Human / Bacteria
• Medicinal experts should have good overview not only about human cells, but also
about another historical cells and viruses (PROKARYOTA) because their interaction
with human body is critical for development of many pathologies (flu, diabetic wound,
pathology of intestine microorganism, …aerobic or anearobic environment could
induce different bacterial aktivity etc)
PROKAROYTE vs.
EUKAROYTES
Prokaryota role in evolution
Eukaryota
EUKAROYTE:
two main group of cells