pendent variables. The violators scored higher than the students on the driving behaviors scale with t 139 2:14, p < :05. The violators also scored higher than the students on the seven-item attitude scale, with t 139 3:10, p < :01. The violators scored higher on the summated type-A behavior pattern items, with t 139 3:40, p < :01. D.E. Miles, G.L. Johnson / Transportation Research Part F 6 (2003) 147­161 155