er > a a T» »i §1 «k ™ n S: m — 8.° 3 CD 93 (D < a -« a m o 3 Í AP OF JAPAN RAun Is. I / Riihiri Is.'- \ OKHOTSK SEA HOKKAIDÖ •Sapporo HOKKAIDÖ /V f /-1 Etorofu Is. /■' Kunashiri Is. (,„-.- Shikotan Is. " P' c' Habomai Iss. JAPAN SEA 3 . Tsugaru Strait ,a7 Aomori „ AOMORI -.J •Akita J I ( / AKITA I r. O Oki lss. •(*. ISHIKAjlVA J / f v.. izawa-i / *Tc»aml / TOYAMA ~\ •Morioka ( IWATE \ / TOHJOKU / r "N. -.y-1 /YAMAGATA.S L^'V / ''■-. j MIYAGI ^ Niigata / »'* NIIGATA -\ /,Yamaguchi /■•f'O', '<" »Fukuoka í ■y\ (saga-;fukuok^- Vf'íífl A. Okayama ÖITA,- NAGASAKI y L-" Nagasakj^_r_-J-"^ \ v \ 0'~ ^ (X '•Kumamotp «7; /'"t.-'-RlMAMOTCJ' v\._, ^; ''_''/' KYUSHU,- ^.' Matsuyama Ta)čamatsuJ-\. V.KAGAWřA) 1 KYÖTOi, f! ;: yögo ; W*/ l > Kyoto l/. ;..,.-\ Kube T N"\ fOtsu/ '. - - ' V'---' / /' chObu •Gifu - \ <- \___ »Nagoyax-L Kpfu YAMAldASIÄ l ,--"7* Hiroshima ji^? ....._...w. .- ..,........ ?i. ,-/" s\"~" %™B.u.^'".A>rfri^,Ö^kAa/r'*"{ TsV' i(l AICH'ySHIZUOKA] -.<. ŕ QSAKA/ Nara ,' 1 \) ~~y ,.....".. . A 1 " J f^ |NARAr> V. C——kt. -^ EHIME -'^^,vi0kuShimaT'' WakayamaP / r ' K£°™' \TOKUSHlMA / (KINK! í ka./ • / Sendai-,- Yamagata / • / Fukushima FUKUSHIMA V «UNMA / TOCHIGI y . iAwdrtsiii /Utsunomiya/ KantQ^--7 m:V WitamaVibaraki ■ s.ulama tOKYC£ ''ri.llTl,lfTtí T r 'í •Chiba,__ij) w Kagoáhima/X J ^ KAGOSHIMA J ^SHIKOKlX/ wakAyama y J MIYAZAKI < (Miyazaki r~\ u »AHA-ttAWA ■A CHIBA j I« I«. 'I PACIFIC OCEAN KAGOSHIMA -^' Amami Ôshíma Is. OKINAWA \ sí^l? Knihovna FF MU Brno 2570712766 JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE I 2570712766 I Revised 3rd Edition JAPANESE FOR BUSY I PEOPLE^ Kana Version Association for Japanese-Language Teaching AjAIT F!LOZO;iCKÁ FAKULTA BRNO S. ovnávací j 2zykozpyt j-P - -ji - -Í3 _____________ biín. Par. c:...........LLL------- KODANSHA INTERNATIONAL Tokyo • New York • London The Association for Japanese-Language Teaching (AJALT) was recognized as a nonprofit organization by the Ministry of Education in 1977. It was established to meet the practical needs of people who are not necessarily specialists on Japan but who wish to communicate effectively in Japanese. In 1992 AJALT was awarded the Japan Foundation Special Prize. AJALT maintains a website at www.ajalt.org, through which they can be contacted with questions regarding this book or any of their other publications. Illustrations by Shinsaku Sumi ., CD narration by Yuki Minatsuki, Aya Ogawa, Yuri Haruta, Koji Yoshida, Tatsuo Endo, Sosei Shinbori, and Howard Colefield CD recording and editing by the English Language Education Council, Inc. photo CREDrrs: © Sachiyo Yasuda 1,19,47, 87,159 (timetable only), 177, 203, 221. © Sebun Photo, 67. © JTB Photo Communications, Inc., 69 (top). © Orion Press, 109. © Ben Simmons, 139. © iStockphoto.com/ Lawrence Kam, 159. Tokyo National Museum (Image: TNM Image Archives; Source: http://rnmArchives.jp/), 188. Distributed in the United States by Kodansha America, Inc., and in the United Kingdom and continental Europe by Kodansha Europe Ltd. Published by Kodansha International Ltd., 17-14 Otowa 1 -chome, Bun-kyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8652, and Kodansha America, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by the Association for Japanese-Language Teaching. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. First published 1984 Second edition 1994 Second edition, Kana Version 1995 Third edition-2006. 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Japanese for busy people. I, Kana version / Association for Japanese-Language Teaching.—Rev. 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-4-7700-3009-2 I ISBN-10:4-7700-3009-6 1. Japanese language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. 2. Japanese lähguäge^Spoken-Japanese. I, Kokusai Nihongo Fukyu Kyokai (Japan). II. Title. PL539.5.J3J358 2006 495.6'83421—dc22 2006045244 Mís lrykovr- i.iniver-'iUT S Pn;-o 'Sai-of j Sign 1 Sysi.e S2>Uiy i www.kodansha-intl.com CONTENTS PREFACE ix INTRODUCTION x CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE GRAMMAR xv USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS xvi UNIT 1 MEETING PEOPLE GRAMMAR LESSON 1 INTRODUCTIONS I Talk about nationalities and occupations I Introduce yourself and others, at your workplace or at a party ll LESSON 2 EXCHANGING BUSINESS CARDS Talk about a nearby object and its owner Ask for telephone numbers UNIT 2 SHOPPING GRAMMAR 20 'u*'*«i*■ V"', > 122- ' GIVING COMPLIMENTS I Talk about giving and receiving gifts I Praise someone's possessions LESSON 14- -,. • ..'.,. 131. . . EXPRESSING GRATITUDE I Express your thoughts about experiences I Express gratitude I Make a telephone call UNIT 7 GOING TO A FESTIVAL GRAMMAR 140 LESSON 15 ' -U. ",- \ * «~< 141 /-„_•> ■ Talk about events INVITATIONS ■ Invite someone/be invited to an event ■ Make plans with someone Ůmé£iW*£2&&artzS^iKiS*i PARTICIPATING IN A FESTIVAL I Talk about what you own I Offer to help someone/accept or reject someone's offer I Give a reason for offering someone something, inviting someone to do something, or refusing someone's invitation QUIZ 3 (UNITS 6-7) 158 UNIT 8 ON BUSINESS OUTSIDE TOKYO GRAMMAR ' 160 LESSON 17 - ,- 161 ;. TALKING ABOUT PLANS LESSON 18. 169 MAKING A REQUEST I Talk about weekend plans and travel plans: state what you will do in what order I Talk about schedules in detail I Ask to have something delivered by a specific means from a store or office I Ask someone to do something for you I Give directions to a taxi driver UNIT 9 SEEING A MUSEUM GRAMMAR 178 LESSON 19 179 GOING TO AN ART MUSEUM LESSON 20 188 AT AN ART MUSEUM LESSON 21 195 BEING WARNED OR ADVISED ■ Talk about getting on and off means of transportation, and about departure and arrival times ■ Talk about lengths of stays ■ Ask about travel times ■ Ask permission to do something at someone's house or at a store ■ Grant or refuse permission, and give a reason for doing so ■ Forbid someone from doing something ■ Forbid something and give a reason for doing so ■ Ask someone not to do something QUIZ 4 (UNITS 8-9) 201 UNIT 10 AT THE OFFICE GRAMMAR 204 LESSON 22 205 BUSY AT THE MOMENT LESSON 23 213 RESPONDING TO AN INQUIRY I Talk about what you are doing now I Talk about whether you have finished an activity I Talk about where you live, where you work, and who your acquaintances are I Ask where something you are looking for is sold I Ask someone at a party or store about something you are interested in UNIT 11 SOCIALIZING GRAMMAR LESSON 24 222 223 BEING INTRODUCED TO SOMEONE LESSON 25 AT A PARTY 232 I Talk about someone's likes, skills, and interests I Introduce someone, giving details about where they live or work or what their interests are ■ Talk about what you want to do or where you want to live ■ Exchange information about a mutual interest QUIZ 5 (units 10-11) 239 APPENDIXES 240 ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES AND QUIZZES 251 CD SCRIPT FOR EXERCISES 25Ô* JAPANESE-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 261 ENGLISH-JAPANESE GLOSSARY 267 INDEX 272 PREFACE TO THE REVISED 3rd EDITION The new Japanese for Busy People is made up of three volumes: Book I (available in both romanized and kana editions), Book II, and Book III. Japanese for Busy People I was first published in 1984. It was based on materials used by AJALT teachers with more than ten years of experience teaching Japanese at every level from beginning to advanced. The series was first revised in 1994, when Japanese for Busy People II was divided into two volumes. Book II and Book III. Only a minimum number of modifications were made to Book I at that time. This 3'd Edition, then, constitutes the first major revision of Book I. It involves a wide variety of changes, including the adoption of a unit-based structure, notes about Japanese culture, new and expanded exercises, and updated dialogues. The authors have made every effort to apply the results of the most recent research in Japanese-language education to ensure that learners acquire a clearer understanding of the situations in which Japanese is actually used, and gain increased confidence in their communicative abilities. It is our fervent hope that this book will inspire people to learn more about Japan and the Japanese language. Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy people I (1st edition, 1984) Compilation of this textbook has been a cooperative endeavor, and we deeply appreciate the collective efforts and individual contributions of Mss. Sachiko Adachi, Nori Ando, Haruko Matsui, Shigeko Miyazaki, Sachiko Okaniwa, Terumi Sawada, and Yuriko Yobuko. For English translations and editorial assistance, we wish to thank Ms. Dorothy Britton. Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People I, Revised Edition (1994) We would like to express our gratitude to the following people: Mss. Haruko Matsui, Junko Shinada, Keiko Ito, Mikiko Ochiai, and Satoko Mizoguchi. Acknowledgments for the Kana Version of Japanese for Busy People I. Revised Edition (1995) We would like to express our gratitude to the following people: Mss. Haruko Matsui, Junko Shinada, Mikiko Ochiai, and Satoko Mizoguchi. Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People I, Revised 3"* Edition Six AJALT teachers have written this textbook. They are Mss. Yoko Hattori, Sakae Tanabe, Izumi Sawa, Motoko Iwamoto, Shigeyo Tsutsui, and Takako Kobayashi. They were assisted by Ms. Reiko Sawane. INTRODUCTION Aims This first volume of Japanese for Busy People, Revised 3rd Edition has been developed to meet the needs of busy beginning learners seeking an effective method of acquiring a natural command of spoken Japanese in a limited amount of time. The book is suitable for both those studying with a teacher and those studying on their own. In order to minimize the burden on busy learners, the vocabulary and grammar items presented have been narrowed down to about a third of those introduced in a typical first-year course. However, the textbook is set up so that learners can use the material they have learned right away in conversations with speakers of Japanese. In other words, Japanese for Busy People I is a textbook for learning "survival Japanese." Despite this, Japanese for.Busy People I does not present simple, childish Japanese. That is, we do not focus on mere grammatical correctness. Instead, we place our emphasis on conversational patterns that actually occur. Thus, by studying with this book, learners will acquire the most essential language patterns for everyday life, and be able to express their intentions in uncomplicated adult-level Japanese. They will also start to build a basis for favorable relations with the people around them by talking about themselves and their surroundings and circumstances, and asking about those of others. This book is intended for beginners, but it can also provide a firm foundation for more advanced study. Learners can acquire a general idea of the nature of the Japanese language as they study the dialogues and notes in it. For this reason, Japanese for Busy People I is suitable as a review text for those who already know a certain amount of Japanese but want to confirm that they are using the language correctly. Major features of Japanese for Busy People I, Revised 3rdEdition In this newly revised version of Japanese for Busy People I, we have made the following modifications to ensure that those studying Japanese for the first time will have an enjoyable and effective learning experience. Adoption of a unit structure. The content of the thirty lessons that made up the previous editions of Japanese for Busy People I has been reedited into eleven units, each consisting of two or three lessons linked by a single theme. The reason for this new design is that we believe learning sociocultural information, linguistic information, and communication strategies in an interrelated way is important for producing natural and appropriate Japanese. Culture notes. We have placed culture notes at the beginning of each unit. These notes describe Japanese customs and events, as well as features of Japan itself. Here our intention is to get learners interested in the lives and customs of the Japanese people, in order to increase their desire to learn Japanese and deepen their understanding of it. We hope that as readers come into contact with the social and cultural information presented in these notes, they will gain an awareness of cultural diversity and acquire specific mental images of the themes introduced in the units. Practice. In this section we have drawn on our classroom experience as well as recent thinking in Japanese-language education to reconstruct and revise the exercises to emphasize both language production and comprehension. Recognizing the importance of vocabulary acquisition at the beginning stages, for example, we have added a "Word Power" subsection that presents the major vocabulary that forms the basis for learning in the lesson. Here we have taken great pains with the presentation of the vocabulary, grouping similar items together to make them easier for learners to memorize. In addition, we have stated and highlighted in italics the intention of each exercise so that learners can understand it at a glance. The exercises themselves incorporate drawings, charts, tables, and other illustrations that we hope will make for a stimulating learning experience. Finally, we have added brief listening exercises to each lesson. Other features. A 70-minute CD containing the Target Dialogues, Word Power sections, listening exercises, and Short Dialogues is attached to the inside back cover of this book. Additional features of this textbook include profiles of the characters who appear in it and an expanded contents page that lets learners see at a glance the goals to be achieved in each unit. We have also added quizzes every few units, so that learners can consolidate their understanding of recently introduced language. The structure of the unit A unit is made up of a culture note, a page on grammar, and two or three lessons. The culture notes are designed to stimulate interest in the themes of each unit and help learners construct a mental image of what they are going to learn. The grammar page, appearing right after the culture note, provides simple explanations of the basic grammatical items introduced in the unit. To the extent possible, the explanations here do not cover knowledge or information beyond that which pertains to the usage of the grammatical items in the unit. The twenty-five lessons in Book I are each composed of the following four elements: Target Dialogue. The Target Dialogues, which appear at the beginning of each lesson, indicate specifically what kinds of things the learner will be able to talk about after studying the lesson. We have limited these dialogues to practical expressions and grammatical items necessary for everyday conversation. Vocabulary lists, as well as notes that explain particularly difficult expressions, accompany the dialogues. Practice. The Practice section consists of Word Power, Key Sentences, and Exercises. Word Ppwer introduces basic vocabulary that learners should memorize before moving on to the other exercises. The words in this section are introduced with the aid of illustrations and charts, and all are available on the CD. The Key Sentences demonstrate the grammatical items from the lesson by using them in simple sentences. Finally, the Exercises consist of five different types of practice activities: ^1^ Exercises that consist of repeating vocabulary or the conjugations %# of verbs or adjectives. Basic sentence-pattern exercises that aim to help learners com-(2) ďp prehend the sentence structures of Japanese and gain an idea of their meanings. . ' J« Substitution drills and drills in the form of dialogues that lead to *^~ conversation practice. . A A Conversation practice created with an awareness of the situa-™. W tions and circumstances in which Japanese is actually used. (5) Listening exercises in which learners listen to the CD and answer questions about what they hear. Practicing exercise types (1), (2), and (3) allows learners to make a smooth transition to type (4), the conversation practice, and finally to move on to the Target Dialogue. Short Dialogue(s). These are relatively short conversations that demonstrate helpful expressions, ways of getting people's attention, and ways of acknowledging what people have said. Like the Target Dialogues, they are often accompanied by notes that explain points to be aware of when using certain phrases and expressions. Active Communication. This section, coming at the very end of the lesson, presents one or two tasks for which the learners themselves select the vocabulary, grammar, and expressions they need from the material in the lesson and use them in actual situations or classroom-based communication activities. Using Japanese for Busy People I We recommend the following methods of use, both for those who use Japanese for Busy People I as teachers and for self-taught learners. Materials should be adapted flexibly, depending on the learner's circumstances, but as a rule it should take about sixty hours to finish Japanese for Busy People I. We suggest learners proceed through the lessons as follows, with each lesson taking about two hours. WIWItHHHH T KEY SENTENCES T This section touches on the social and cultural background of the themes covered in the unit and is meant to expand the learner's awareness of the material to be learned. This page is an overview of the grammatical concepts introduced in the unit. One should read it to get an idea of the kinds of grammatical items one will be learning in the unit. The Target Dialogue demonstrates what one will be able to say after finishing the lesson. Read the text of the dialogue while listening to the CD, and then scan the text to check the meaning against the English translation. It is important that one not get bogged down in the dialogue at this stage, since one will return to it at the end of the lesson (see below), after completing the Exercises. This is a warm-up exercise. Learners should listen to the CD and practice pronouncing the words until they have memorized them. English translations of the words appear in a gray box at the bottom of the page. Learners can gain an understanding of the lesson's grammatical structures by memorizing these useful sentences. New vocabulary items appear in a gray box at the bottom of the page. EXERCISES Here, learners absorb the lesson's grammatical structures through exercises that ask one to apply them. The exercises " usually begin with vocabulary repetition or conjugation prac- tice, then move on to tasks in which one is asked to make up f sentences or dialogues and, finally, to full-fledged conversation reenactment. The last exercise, recorded on the CD, is intended ? to help learners hone their listening skills. One should thoroughly practice these short dialogues that contain handy, frequently used expressions. If one practices them so thoroughly that they begin to come naturally, one will be able to use them in a variety of situations. The Target Dialogue is the culmination of one's study of the lesson. After learners have finished the exercises, they should return to the Target Dialogue and practice it. If the learner is in an environment that allows him or her to perform linguistic tasks, he or she should test himself or herself with the challenges presented here. The Kana Version The Kana Version is a basic textbook for students who intend to master the native hiragana and katakana scripts early on in their studies. The Kana Version assumes that the learner is thoroughly familiar with both hiragana and katakana, or is currently working through a textbook for learning kana. In any case, the learner should be able to read kana by the time he or she begins using this book. Introducing the characters The following characters feature in this textbook. Since they often appear in the exercises, it is a good idea to remember their names, faces, and relationships. Mike Smith (32 years old), an American, is an attorney for ABC Foods. He is single. Mei Chan (30 years old) is from Hong Kong. She works in ABC Foods' sales department. She is single. Frank Green (56 years old), an American, is the president of the Tokyo branch of ABC Foods. He lives in Tokyo, with his wife. Keiko Sasaki (53 years old), a Japanese, is the department manager of ABC Foods' sales department. She is married. Akira Kato (46 years old), a Japanese, is the section chief of ABC Foods' sales department. He is married. Mayumi Nakamura (26 years old), a Japanese, works as a secretary to Ms. Sasaki. She is single. Daisuke Suzuki (24 years old), a Japanese, is a member of ABC Foods' sales staff. He is single. Shingo Takahashi (48 years old), a Japanese, works for Nozomi Department Store, where he is the division chief of the sales department. His wife's name is Junko. Ichiro Yamamoto {45 years old), a Japanese, is the president of the Kyoto branch of ABC Foods. In addition to the above, the following people also appear in this book: Hideo Ogawa (male, 49 years old, a friend of Mr. Green), Taro Yamada (male, a banker and a friend of Mr. Smith), and Ayako Matsui (female, the Greens' next-door neighbor). CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE GRAMMAR The grammar in this text is derived from a natural analysis of the Japanese language, rather than being an interpretation adapted to the syntax of Western languages. We have given as few technical terms as possible, choosing ones that will make for a smooth transition from the basic level to more advanced study. The following points are basic and in most cases reflect differences between the grammars of Japanese and English. 1. Japanese nouns have neither gender nor number. But plurals of certain words can be expressed by the use of suffixes. 2. The verb (or the copula X"t) comes at the end of the sentence or clause. ex. fotz L li I- (í// Ľ AsT"~ťo "I am a Japanese." for; I It Ž 1 1 £\Z il$_i_io "I go (or will go) to Kyoto." 3. The gender, number, or person of the subject does not affect the other parts of the sentence. 4. Verb conjugation shows only two tenses, the "present form" and the "past form." Whether use of the "present form" refers to habitual action or the future, and whether the "past form" is equivalent to the English past tense, present perfect, or past perfect can usually be determined from the context. 5. Japanese adjectives, unlike English ones, inflect for tense (present and past) and mood (for example, to show whether the word is negative). 6. The grammatical function of nouns is indicated by particles. Their role is similar to English prepositions, but since they always come after the word, they are sometimes referred to as postpositions. ex: t 7 Í X 9 T, "at Tokyo" 1 5 K % IZ, "on the 15th (of the month)" 7. Manyjdegrees of politeness are expressible in Japanese. In this book the style is one that anyone may use without being rude. note: The following abbreviations are used in this book: aff. affirmative neg. negative Aa: answer, affirmative An: answer, negative ex. example — i * adj. — ^ * adjective — Íl" adj. — +£ adjective USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS 1. feliJ: 1 íífv^-f „ "Good morning." Used until about 10:00 a.m. 2. C L I- % li» "Hello." A rather informal greeting used from about 10:00 a.m. until sundown. 3. 3 LVikiMv "Good evening." 4. tiK"? A'frť *■ ^o "Goodnight." Said at night before going to bed and when parting at night during late hours outside the home. 5. í =t 1 ti h o "Good-bye." On more formal occasions one uses L "? iX v L í "ť. 6. Tli/ Ľ f í /; o "Well then .. ." Said informally when parting from relatives or friends. 7. iiiši- L"3*UNLi"fo Said when leaving the office or a meeting before other people. 8. mTínLf»1, "So long." {lit., "Go and come back.") Said to members of a household as they leave the house. Occasionally it is used at work. 9. ^tTÍÍ+o "So long." {lit., "[I'm] going and coming back.") This expression forms a pair with i>->Ti)-) Ľpi\ (See 8 above.) Occasionally it is used at work. A politer form is <■N o T í ^ U i-f. 10. tz ti\N t o "I'm back." (lit, "[I have returned] just now.") Said by a person on returning home. Occasionally it is used at work. 11. fc^X. 'J ■ Ni. (See 10 above.) Occasionally it is used at work. 12. v* /; tž £ í "t o Said before eating a meal. 13. :'í>íÍÍÍTL/:. Said after eating a meal. 14. ťAT^ŤCÍ^Ít. "Congratulations." 15. ť 1 í & 'Jíí*K 9 C* 2V í "to "Thank you very much." 16. £* Ť V»/; L í L T o "You're welcome." 17. "f A í -tŕ/C "Excuse me," "I'm sorry." 18. t> J: -3 £ i o T < /i'í^o "Wait just a moment, please." 19. í. 9 ^ *> £" Ü ilW N L i -f o "Once more, please." 20. £" 9 Ý' ÍS 3 $ K „ "Please, go ahead." 21. $ Ý o It T o "Take care," "Be careful." 22. Ü tz v.x Ľ I- o "Take care of yourself." Used toward an ill or injured person. pffi* 534E9 MEETING PEOPLE In Japan, people bow rather than shake hands, hug, or kiss, when they meet for the first time. A typical bow is performed with both feet together, the hands flat on the thighs (for men) or crossed in front (for women), and the torso inclined at a 15- to 45-degree angle. The eyes remain open during the bow, and the bowing person's line of sight moves with his or her torso rather than staying fixed on the other person. Generally, the deeper and slower the bow, the politer it is; Bowing properly is essential to making a good first impression, so we recommend practicing it until you become comfortable with it. UNIT« m GRAMMAR Identifying People and Things I noun 1 li noun 2 TT ex. 7'Ľi 3 /Cli K "Is Mr. Grey an attorney?" liv \ ^-L C L TT» "Yes, (he) is an attorney." »H>i, -^/Cd'lTli&'J i#L, "No, (he) isn't an attorney." ■ The particle tfN—the question marker It is easy to make questions in Japanese. Simply place the particle i>s at the end of the sentence. No change in word order is required even when the question contains interrogatives like "who," "what," "when," etc. NOTE: Intonation normally rises on j>\ i.e.,.. ,TŤiŕ\ J U IÍW/V*\*;*. li ^ > is virtually the same as "yes," and i»v»i_ is virtually the same as "no." ■ Omission of the topic (noun 1) When it is obvious to the other person what the topic is, it is generally omitted. ex. (*> tz I li) 7' V -Í TT» "(As for me) I'm Grey." But when it is necessary to make clear what the topic is, it is not omitted. ex. C % (, li 7" Ľ -f í L TT. "This is Mr. Grey." Often the topic is omitted in answers to questions, ex. 7" M í Ali ^L Z' L Ttí~„ "Is Mr. Grey an attorney?" Ii^\ - U i -ŕ/C "No, (he) isn't an attorney." ■ Tli&'Ji-tŕ/C/ĽfifciJi-l+A Tli*> 'J 4 -tŕA or Ľ •<■ *>') á -tŕL is the negative form of Ti-. Ľ <■ is more informal than Tli; otherwise they are the same. The chart below summarizes the forms of Ti". PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aft neg. aft neg. Tt TliäbOí-ÍA Xlrz TlifciJi-ttATl/i is is not was was not LESSON C >1 TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Sasaki introduces Mr. Smith to Mr. Takahashi. 5íí:/:WiLÍ^ 3^ bii XlX^LX't. X i X* Hi ABC7-XV) •- r- Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss (see Note 1 below) this one {polite for "this person"; see Note 2 below) (particle that denotes the topic of a sentence) be ABC Foods (fictitious company name) 's, of (particle indicating belonging; see Note 4 below) attorney, lawyer how do you do pleased to meet you (see Note 5 below) Nozomi Department Store (fictitious company name) department store IMÜJ 1. tzfrliHL i L is a title of respect added to a person's name, so it cannot be used after one's own name, i L ' may be used with both male and female names, and with either surnames or given names. 2. C t, bii X i XÍ/CT'-fo Zi^h ("this one") implies "this person here" and is a polite way of saying "this person." It is used ' when introducing one person to another. 3. (hfzlii) X - XTt. Especially in conversational Japanese, frrzL ("I") is hardly ever used. $>f£t: ("you") is similarly avoided, , especially when addressing superiors, in which case the person's surname followed by í L is used. The particle attaches to nouns, and the noun-OT combination modifies the word that comes after it. expresses belonging or affiliation. Here it shows that Mr. Takahashi belongs to, in the sense that he works for, Nozomi Department Store. Japanese customarily give their company name and position when being introduced. A phrase used when being introduced, J: 6 I < £fari*vs l i i" is usually combined with II Ľ ^ i l T. It is also used when taking one's leave after having asked a favor, «t h L < means "well" and is a request for the other person's favorable consideration in the future. \ PRACTICE WORD POWER' C D '• Countries and nationalities: 5. r/ ")ii 6. *-X h 7 'J T 1.9 A 3. \~\ILK.L 9. *, * i - < Ľ L io. h'-i -y t L 11. -f*'1) x ĽA 12. r/ ^■fi'CL 13. *-X r-7'JT ĽA 14. 9 \ U A |:I3X Japan i, rŕ •? ;' < China K 'f 'y Germany -f f i) X the United Kingdom T / [) fl the United States í — X h 7 ') T Australia y -f Thailand ~ Ľ h -ese, -ian (person from) II. Occupations: Ľ^C'l 2. c> L J: 3. tf?<-tŕ^ 4. ^Vi>'-T KEY SENTENCES 1. (hŕ: Hi) X ;XTt. 2. X-XHIi ABC7-X'« U, 4 +' 'J x Ľ L) 3...................................................................................................... ('J v i/C. i*i:'U« 4..................................................................................................... (Zbalil5X.. KlíAĽXO student 'J V Lin (surname) iy?-T engineer B. State someone's occupation. ex. X iZ*H± ) VÍ A. jí<< -tŕo) II. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. Ask and answer what someone's nationality is. ex. A:X iX*Hi T / <) 77 Ľ /CT"f ti\ B:l±v\ TSJUTj^LT-fo 1. A:........................................................................................... (* 7 v y i A. K -í 'y Ľ /C) B:........................................................................................... (rM V Ľ A) 2. A:........................................................................................... (7*7 7 y 3 A, í **>J X Ľ A) B:.........................'..?............................................................... ('í 4*'J X ĽA) 3. A:........................................................................................... ('J^ÍA. í,*i:'(a) B:............................................................................................ (íi>i:'< ĽA) 4. A:........................................................................................... (ŕzfrtt L í A. K HA Ľ A) B:............................................................................................ (KUALA) B. Ask and answer what someone's occupation is. ex. A: XJ_XÍXI± xy-/^TTť)\ B: iH>i„ ^/CC'LT-f, 1. A:........................................................................................... (7*7 7 V í A) B:............................................................................................ (Vit) 2. A:........................................................................................... ('J y í A) B:........................................................................................... 0>< < -tŕ«. 0 C. Ask and answer whether someone is of one nationality/occupation or another. ex. A:X I 7. ť Hi TV 'J 77 Ľ AT*-M\ ^fjXatŤK B: T/ 'J^ĽAT-fo 1. A:......................................................................................... (refill 5 A. ic IIA Ľ A. ^*ŤC*<ĽA) B:............................................................................................ (KUALA) it- (particle that denotes question) l±v ■> yes imi no ffil 2. A:........................................................................................... (7*7 7 > í A. A ¥ 'J X Ľ A. K 4 7 Ľ A) B:........................................................................................... (-Í **'j X Ľ A) 3. A:........................................................................................... (*7?>iA, i^y^T. ^ACL) B:............................................................................................ (i^i/^T) 5^1 III. Respond to a self-introduction. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example, assuming the roles indicated in parentheses. ex.Z i X: l±Ľ*b± LT, ABC7-X'í) X;XTt. Jt ^ L < fe^.^^*. ^ L i "f o &££: líĽďbí L To t£ŕz: (d y KV í* AC ?. 7*7 7 >) (fflfAf'f- K /c^liL) j| N. Introduce people. Look at the illustrations and pretend you are B. Introduce A and C to each other, as in the example. A: <>l<) y^-f-X, *7v>5A C: ABC7-X*, X ;xiA A: ay K VÍ'A C j, 7'7 7>Í5A C: Zli t iň^Vi, <)y-ZL A: (0«f'«- I-, /;^ULÍA C: "í/U U yt-7-X, *7V>ÍA ex. B: Z t h \i Ol 'j >*- 9 -X XJ_XíjCT-fo ---------- 1. 2. B: CD V' Listen t0 the CD anc'''"in tne ':'an'c basedon tne information you hear. "" X-Xíili....................................................................................T-f o í>j}' < university, college SHORT DIALOGUES CD« I- At the reception desk of a company: X í X: ABC7-X*« X í X Tt„ rcHi L Í L~í fcía^liľo Ť Iflt: li^o Smith: I'm Smith from ABC Foods. (I'd like to see) Mr. Takahashi, please, receptionist: All right. VOCABULARY £ (particle; see Note 1 below) fcíl^i.' I í "f please (get me ...) ") ["f-olj" reception desk, receptionist II. The buzzer on a home security intercom system sounds. Chan: Yes? Who is it? Nakamura: It's Nakamura. Chan: All right. Please (come in). VOCABULARY ťtcŕz wh° l± V *, ¥ i ■¥ please go ahead, please feel free EHB1 . - 1./c^lilí/CÝ fctt^lito Use "(person) ý iüli"**. * L í i"" when asking a receptionist to summon somebody you want to see. ti íltf^ L í -f is a very convenient phrase often used in making polite requests. 2. ť+£ŕz The basic word for "who" is tHil, but t'^'/c is more polite. 3. ItW Z'l?o This expression is used when granting a visitor permission to enter a room or an office. It can also be used when handing over something that another person has asked for. 1. Introduce yourself to a classmate. Then introduce two classmates to each other. 2. If you're in Japan, try introducing yourself to a Japanese person. State who you are and what your occupation is. :-."■.■, j. ■■-. .. ■■ ..-.. ■,. !•-■:.. .....:,■'.'..'■• '■■;■ ■■*)-.■ ■:. ■ ' iii. R? ».fc'J.ií ■!>■.,"* .ir'í.^ ' ''■ ÉfV^r ľtf Klf^ ílitiř^^ií LÍC IK.I JS^&^E^'éEtľiŕh^^^E^i if ■ fí »-í.^fšv-1,7 ^;:ij.'í í* *:':*ífi;%1*;íi'io5;'t "ä'■ ^V.'ítS'stó£^^ä^KfeÍŕä^Ž['i'^^^S^s II TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Takahashi gives Mr. Smith his business card. Mr. Smith cannot read kanji. ŕzfrltl:hŕzlvxiT-ť. ŕ-j-t*. X i X : cť"7 & í>'J #*£ ? C'SVí-fo (flipping over Takahashi's business card to examine the other side) I HI i /č7>Nt± L ť5 X^CO Íl' É X /:tfM±l : a.*, fŤTt. Zbalil UC'tt. x ; x : zKli? /č^lil : tJhnL^co ^.'ixTi-o tf>jeAŕí'*-hTl'. Takahashi: This is my business card. Here. Smith: Thank you very much. Is this your name? Takahashi: Yes that's right. It's Shingo Takahashi. Smith: What about this? Takahashi: It's the name of (my) company. It's "Nozomi Department Store." UUi'li Ťcr-svi-t my business card please; if you please thank you very much this one name yes (less formal than li* * that's right what about this? company, the office 1. (Z Mt) hrzl here expresses possession. This is an expression of gratitude. There are several levels of politeness in Japanese, and £* ô t h 'J Wt i C* ífvN í -f is an example of the most polite level. More casual are, in descending order or politeness, t>i)tft i C'3'^i-f, ťŤt * 'J <<£ Ť , and * 'J d«t i . p 3. Z Mi. Zbalil í >C<7) tí'ixri-^o Note that although addressing Mr. Takahashi, Mr. Smith uses his name rather than saying í>íc tz 2 IC 3 iL 4 i. L/1 5 ó 6< 7 tete/ 1% 8 9 < . Business vocabulary: © r D i*S*Pí#K*/n 3-25-2 © (03) 3459-9620* © s.takahashi@nozomidpt.com 1. *í>^l 2. teíi. 3. Ľ ip •) L Jt 4. T/C*?lí/,C*Ť 5. /-AT KUX Nozomi Department Store Shingo Takahashi 3-25-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo (03) 3459-9620 e-mail: s.takahashi@nozomidpt.com *The area code for Tokyo is 03. When saying a phone number aloud, put 7 < U -tfu. NOTE: The 0 used in telephone numbers is pronounced -fe" n» instead of *U \ 10 »uL business card r-c*> telephone *** name ií/cr-j number Ľ i» Ť L J: address ^-rt-TKUX e-mail address T-C^li-Cwi telephone number lääHjj . Personal belongings: 1. It^/c^ 2.^5 3. IIA 4. I-(,.>:£ 5.^*' 6. itltv KEY SENTENCES CK.IÍ JrjKLTt. C^ill #>oirii-M±-ti:/U /c^lilí/CW T/Cfrlř/Cr-jli 0 3-3 4 5 9-9 6 2 0T-To This is a business card. This is not a business card. This is Ms. Sasaki's umbrella. Mr. Takahashi's telephone number is 03-3459-9620. cell/mobile phone umbrella book newspaper Kit*1 Tií*')ŕ-tíX key watch, clock is/are not EXERCISES «#í I. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. State what an object is. ex. ZK\i ll/CT-to B. State what an object is not. ex. Z*U± ii^Tliifc'J i-£/(,„ 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... V>-*) 2.................................................................................................................................................................................... (Kt-tvO ^9 II. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. A. Ask and answer whether an object is what it appears to be. ex. A: Ziftli lL>i'A,Tirti\ B: liv\ IJ^LX'-fo 1. A:................................................................................................................ 2. A:. B:. 3. A:. B:. B. Negate the identity of an object. ex. A: Cítil llLTJrt\ 1. A: Zttli t-ST-fi- 12 2. A: 1*11 i Ztf^Ttfr 3. A: Z Ml fr*TÍTfr . Ask and answer what an object is. Look at the illustrations and make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. ex. A: C*!. I i %LTirti\ B: LL.^LTj-Q 1. A: B:.. 2. A:. 3. A: 4» IV. State who the owner of an object is. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. "J fr*TJTt\ B: liv\ j j ÍÍLí/CcO fr*T-f4\ 3. A: C Kli XÍXÍAOT l+^/;^T-f tf\ C. Ask and answer who an object's owner is. ex.A.ZMi tzKTjr„ 1. A:................................................................................... B:.................................................................................... 2. A:................................................................................... tiln. 3. A:. ,. jM VI. Use the information in the table to make up sentences or dialogues as in the examples. NAME TELEPHONE NUMBER ex......X ; X......................................: 03-3459-9660.......... i. Í í'"é ; 03-3298-7748 2. 7cv'*lrf\C.............. 03-3225-Í116 3. *'Lzi' 03-5690-3111 4. hfrlil : 03-3459-9620 A. State someone's phone number. ex. XÍXÍ/CW TLhllLZitt -tz'a *L< -t'o T-to 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.................................................................................................................................................................................... 3.................................................................................................................................................................................... 4.................................................................................................................................................................................... B. Ask for and provide someone's phone number. ex. A: XiXi L [ä/CT-f^, +£ fr Ľ b -.(looking at the book) ^»>i, frfz KOTIi* 'J i-tir/,,, X i X: t-:ti/;V 0 ^Ľb:................................................................................................................................................... VIII. Listen to the CD and fill in the blank based on the information you hear. x í x í LTi"tf\, Ms. Nakamura notices the name "Takahashi" on the datebook, so she runs after him. ^friJb:Z*Ht /čelili/Oco TínTt^. /itfMiL:**., -írŤT-fo iT "5 t í> 'J rf*£ -5 Z'íf^it „ Smith: Ms. Nakamura, is this your datebook? Nakamura: No, it's not mine. Smith: Whose is it? Nakamura: Is this your datebook, Mr. Takahashi? Takahashi: Yes, it is. Thank you very much. VOCABULARY X % í ■) datebook, small notebook, planner II. Ms. Chan meets Mrs. Matsui at a party and asks her for her telephone number. ^+>: i-3^3/C<7) TLhitLZ^ii tcUÍLT-ffro i-ovv 0 3-3 4 5 9-96 3 0T-T, l-h^Mi 090-1 234-5678T1-0 Chan: What is your phone number, Mrs. Matsui? Matsui: It's 03-3459-9630. My mobile phone number is 090-1234-5678. Chan: I'm sorry, could you repeat that? VOCABULARY -fAi-tíX \ t-5 I'm sorry; excuse me one more time, please one more time more one time 1. Ask the people around you what their phone numbers are and make a list. 2. If you're in Japan, ask an employee of a restaurant or store what the establishment's phone number is. ~m 17 I r čí'. &A v «-li*. feb .'37, ^ r"^í Í^Vl- SHOPPING Japan is a shopper's paradise; From large and lavish department stores to small, hole-in-the-wall establishments in shopping arcades, the country abounds with shops. For the mostpart, price labels are attached to goods; although sometimes when the prices are not given or are written in kanji it is necessary to ask how much an item costs. Salesclerks are generally polite' and helpful; upon entering a store or restaurant, a customer will almost always be greeted. The greeting is irasshaimasei I,____J íl it IS 3 3 3 \ 3 n 3 0) 3 \ í« Q. !* ?» i* 3 M- 3 3- tr- ií- ÍB Vt C~ B S 01 'i q -4 n> 0 O) 3 Z3 4 m Vi U% ô* Ü (i 7C * V) -t * ľ3 * P* Ol 3 Q. , 9»- íi- cr i!» ? ■*8í * g 51 * *£ »v ' Jt'ff *. n o m (D e I I II H í Íl III "g • J m "Ö m g. 03 ÍB Í4 í* "J ■4 ■■■■■■■■i 01 -0 „. Ä , «í ' -V s j W O O s; £ r- < r- w ^ fe v o t. (X ^ P- ° rr ■ w- 5 ?- ~ "• _ cr ;> li r-. ,, - <2 r-- * (_' rc ^ * 0 <> 5 € 3 U ■ ■ Ä Ä Ä tt s 3" fD Si ^ r- <^ <^ iyi CL S S S r ^ **- 9> 9^ 3. u () Ul Q) 3, 3 OJ =*.. 3 3 3 3 £U h-' Q) R" 3 OJ 3. 1 a a ô 3 O 3 fD 3 r+ 3 _l z) zr zj zr Z) zr «2 Ju ^ Ju <5 «5 Ju < O ä1 S5ŠI ^ m X i/i O l/l O fD i/>' o fD Š (D n at time o pens at 1 til what t open till nk you. In p c l/l fD 3 CD o CX >4 fX f 1, »í (X >4 S! ÍX >4 -V zr fD Q. ro 13 pen from 3 oes the o 0:00. me is it o 8:00 p.m zr r-+ 3 CT O/ f- ■a-rx f J, 00 TT o N. í" —r rr Ol o ft a-3 fD o ö o "O fD fD "O 3 Q) 1/T OO c- O/ r j. r: H Hl H; M- £ ^ O O" 3 fD CT r~ r*, H -V -V 0- H *~ c 00 W- ^ *~ H •a- o ^ -V w- Iľ. o p O fS O "O fD 3 H -V O o 0 -V o r: cr-H) -V • o o Hi -V •a-• 0 o TJ fD ZS fD II 1 OĽ ten o'clock ÍT until (particle) -•-• p.m., in the afternoon 8 Ľ eight o'clock ťl^ŕzlí LT you're welcome; don't mention it UMrtil 1 {T> <- Hi) 1 0 Ľ t- b T-f. / ix' >"- H li) - - 8 Ľ i TT'-r o When stating the hours that a business is open, use the "noun 1 li noun 2 T"f" pattern. However, if the topic of the sentence is clear from the context, it may be omitted, as it has been here. (See "Omission of the topic (noun 1)" in Unit 1 Grammar, p. 2.) The time the business opens is followed by^t, and the time that it closes is followed by í T. > WORD POWER —— CH? I. Services and activities: & SUPERMARKET 1 1 1 1 BANK) a a □ a a a a a czj 1.ŕ'»--ľ 2. X-''t- 3. \yX\-yy 4. f* 9ľ>Xí J: < 5. * LZ ň 6. LZ"C 1. *h * 5* V-Sf-fA 9.'■>'—ř-l- 10.*^* ([■S 22 -f'--h department store i'/CZT bank Vi noon X— '*— supermarket trs work, job K-tA break, rest u x h 7 y restaurant l4^*' meeting, conference ><—r-t — party tíŤ^/CÍJt < post office tříťt* lunch break ii'«< movie |g»|j| . Numbers: 10 Ľ U i 20 C Ľ tt T 30 S/LĽit Ť 11 Ľ * Ť Mt> 21 : Ľ u Ť i>£ 40 JT/CĽ it 1 12 Ľit 7 l: 22 :Ľit ?i: 50 C" Ľ it 9 13 ĽmiíA 23 :ľ-t?ÍA 60 ^< Ľrt? 14 Ľ * ť J: L/ Ľ * ť L 24 : Ľ >t T Jt X^/lc Ľ * i L 70 tf íl" Ľ ft 9 15 Ľ * ť C 25 : Ľ » ? :' 80 li £ Ľ it i 16 Ľit7-?>< 26 :Ľ» Ť í < 90 i it 1 Ľ tt Ť 17 Ľ it Ť^/Ľrí Uí 27 :U Ť'i-tť/^Ľ*-} L *, 18 ĽtfŤli^ 28 :Ľ*9l±*, 100 L>ť < 19 Ľ t 7 Í 29 : Ľ * Ť < /i: Ľ it Ť í * ô . Times: 1:00 v>*,Ľ 3:05 Í X, Ľ r.i^ 3:10 Í/CĽ Ľ tt o ,>/C 2:00 i:Ľ 3:15 i/CĽ Ľ it Ť C'.J- L 3:20 Í.CĽ l: Ľ it oôX 3:00 ZLt 3:25 í/Cľ K Ľ It ? c* .;x 3:30 Í/CĽ ÍLt»r>.y.L/\tL 4:00 Xt 3:35 S/CĽ ÍAĽrt? z\i*L 3:40 Í/CĽ í Aj ľ >t O-i-X, 5:00 Z' Ľ 3:45 í/Cľ J: As Ľ * Ť Z'.^L 3:50 ÍX,Ľ C Ľ It -^ • }*/; 6:00 z< Ľ 3:55 5/CĽ C" Ľ * i Z' :»L 7:00 L^Ľ 8:00 li£Ľ 4:00 a.m. C* •i+% Jt Ľ 9:00 < Ľ 9:00 p.m. C r < ľ 10:00 Ľ»7Ľ 11:00 Ľ» T *■ *, Ľ 12:00 Ľ it ŤIC Ľ NOTE: Hours and minutes are written in hiragana here, but throughout the rest of the book they are written with numerals, e.g., 1 l"for"1:00," 1 0 Ľ 2 0.!^ for "10:20," etc. KEY SENTENCES 1. vnJ 3 ĽT-f. 2. L C*er li 9 Ľ^b 5 ĽíTTt. 1. It's 3:00. 2. Work is from 9:00 to 5:00. IJX half past (of time) a.m., in the morning 23 1 EXERCISES -—-—————— f J I. State the time. Practice telling the times indicated below. 3-í!»! ľ» • U Kt 9:00 = oooo- 0 . 12 . 6 ex. 3 Ľ ,j3| II. Ask and give the time. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the times indicated in exercise I. ex.A-.^í tŕ>CĽTľJÍ\, B: 3 ĽT-fo 1. A:......................................................................................................................................... 2. A: 3. A: 4. A: 5. A: 24 £> III. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined word(s) with the alternatives given. A. State a department store's opening time. ex. T'<- h li 1 0 M fr b T-f o 1................................................................................................................................................ (9 : O 0) 2................................................................................................................................................ (1 1 : O 0) B. State what time work will finish. ex. iC'fcli 5 Ľ Ž TT-fr. 1................................................................................................................................................ (7 : 0 0) 2................................................................................................................................................ (6 : 3 0) C. State what work hours are, from what time until what time. ex. IZ'čli 9Ľ^b 5 Ľ í TT-f o 1................................................................................................................................................ (9:3 0, 6 : 00) 2................................................................................................................................................ (1 0 : 00, 7:00) &*■ IV. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. Ask and answer what time a business will open. ex. A: *LZ 1 li ti L Ľ fr b T ľ fro B: 9 Ľ^bT-fo 1 - A:.......................................................................................................................................... (X —"-) B:........................................................................................................................................... (1 1 : O 0) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (r$Ť r>XS Jt <) B:.......................................................................................................................................... (9 : 0 0) B. Ask and answer what time somethingwill end or close. ex. A: "°—ř-f-li Í.1ĽÍ TT-f ?K b: :':' 9ĽÍTT-T. 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (UXhýS) B:........................................................................................................................................... (ľfr 11:30) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (Jí-v * <) B:........................................................................................................................................... (10:30) 25 C. Ask and answer what an event's hours are. ex. A: fr±^h± f£L Ľ fr b Íl'X, Ľ £ TT-ffro B: 1 Ľ^b 3 Ľ í TT-f o 1. A:...................................................................................................................................... (UZr-tA) B:...................................................................................................................................... (12:30, 1 : 3 0) 2. A:...................................................................................................................................... (*m»0 B:...................................................................................................................................... (4:15,6:30) V. Find out when a service will begin or when a facility will open. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. Mr. Smith is at a resort hotel. He asks the front desk when meals are served and when the hotel's facilities open. X;X: tAi-tíX, *í_ri±/U± tí'LCfrbTi-fr, yv> k 7 CfrhTj-q X í X: ť.j t &<)frcíj. 1. x í X: ...................................................................................................................................... (tf/Crii/C) 7D/I-:...................................................................................................................................... (6:0 0) X i X: ............................................................................................,......................................... 2. X 5 X:..................................................................................................................................... (7"—'10 7oy h:...................................................................................................................................... (S : 0 0 a.m.) X í X: ...................................................................................................................................... 3. X J X: ...................................................................................................................................... (->'A) 7°> h:...................................................................................................................................... (9 : 00 a.m.) X i X: ...................................................................................................................................... VI. Listen to the CD and fill in the blank based on the information you hear. ~S A li.............................................................................................................................fr b T-f o JhiZ'ltA, breakfast 7oy|- the front desk (of a hotel) ■/— IV pool i>$ morning if i 4 Jh'li'iĹi thank you x A gym C'^ meal MX-MX dinner láX evening SHORT DIALOGUE CD Ms. Sasaki wants to call the London branch of her company. 5 SÍ: ^;Ľbí,C, VNJ K>I± o í 1/ClTt^. tf^Ľb: C-ÜX 8Ľli/CT-f,, ť5í$: ŤiTi-fr, ť ň t JhWlĹŤ. Sasaki: Ms. Nakamura, what tíme is it? Nakamura It's 4:30. Sasaki: What time is it in London? Nakamura: It's 8:30 in the morning. Sasaki: Is that so? Thank you very much. Lísku ... „,_,_•...,!, , , , 1. ^ŤT-tfro This expression, meaning "I see" or "is that so?" is used as a comment on what someone else has said It is spoken with falling intonation. Ask someone for the time. If you're in Japan, try asking for the business hours of a restaurant or other facilities you are interested in. -mmm shopping;MŕfiF ■-.■'. '-í-S-iť-:S' a-, »í ■ ž-L c II TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith is shopping in a department store. A-tirtf) thľ. XIX X I X A-tfrtf) UX. XIX A-t+CO U ľ. XIX (pointing) ^ íK £ <& -t+ T < ti í ^ o 3, 000i^Tt. {pointing) "t *tl± ^ < b T1"t5\ ZH4 3,000x/Ctt. salesperson: May I help you? Smith: Please show me that one. salesperson: Yes, here it is. Smith: Thank you. How much is this? salesperson: It's 3,000 yen. Smith: How much is that one? salesperson: This is also 3,000 yen. Smith: I'll take that one, then. salesperson: All right. Thank you. VOCABULARY A-tí: shop, store, restaurant v^íjo l Ap^í-tír may I help you?; welcome -til that one AttT< (, how much 3.0 0 0*X (í W/Li /C) 3,000 yen i ~iL yen ll * also, too, either (particle) 1 U* well then a< ! 1,000,00:0,000 u t* ť a < i 10,0:00,00:0,000 (><><£< iioo,o;oo,oo:o,ooo MLH< 1 ,jooo,ooo,oo;o,ooo t, t. v a< • t>i j iL 2,:222,222,22:2,222 i:t,Jc? izMLízU-c < i:Ľo> i I \zML\-Ur< i:Uii: :ti< KMLKU* < izCniizíL Decimals. (The word for "decimal point" is T L.) 0 íu* 0.7 tl^XLtct- 0.29 K^XLKZ mi 0.538 H^XLZ'HLitt, Fractions, (.i-L means "part.") 1/2 1/4 \z.i-L .i/C.>>/(,« nt, 2/3 ZL.ZLtn \z 3. Cílt 3,000;i/CT-ŕo The particle t means "too," "also," "either," etc. It is used in both affirmative and negative sentences. ex. -í-ttii zlmlťllx-ť. at í/C-ď/Cx/CT-r,, "That one is 3,000 yen. This one is 3,000 yen, too." CHIi br:L') tML. "This is not my umbrella. That's not mine either." 4. Ľí, ZKÍ: < /i^\ Ľ f and Tli correspond to "well" or "well then," interjections that express conclusion or resignation. Zidi < t£i\'- means "I'll take this one" and is the phrase to use when you have decided what you want to buy. 29 1 ) wM&m WORD POWER CI I. Electronic appliances: 1.x Hi 2. 7'/t 3.' A.-r'/i]/ 5. ťŕí*/7 6.CD7"l/-t- . Numbers: 100 U* < 1,000 ■ÜL 10,000 ^t>iL 200 KUv< 2,000 IC-tíX 20,000 l^i/C 300 iLt/f<. 3,000 zut L 30,000 ílíl 400 1LU* < 4,000 jt/C-ax 40,000 J:/,^ 500 rt>f< 5,000 r-t^ 50,000 r^ 600 z>->Vv< 6,000 ^<-t^ 60,000 ^< ^ 700 +£t£l>V< 7,000 frf-tŕ/C 70,000 titiíL 800 \t->tß*< 8,000 lio-tíX 80,000 \t%iL 900 J*ŤÍ/í< 9,000 í * -j-tíX 90,000 í * ť i^ Intermediate numbers are made by combining the numbers composing them, ex. 135 í/* < í/,Ľn> Ť C 1,829-tí Ali-? í» < ic Ľ * Ť í t* -5 NOTE: Large numbers are written in hiragana here, but throughout the rest of the book, numerals are used to write them, e.g., 3,0 0 0 XL for "3,000 yen." 30 řl/ť television t"x + il/ 7 7-/Í radio Cxi ' (personal) computer f] / -7 T'sf]/ digital camera video camera CDXU—-ť— CD player video CD ('> —x-f—) CD camera . Japanese currency: O • 1. 1 i.L 2.5XL 3. IOí/C 4.50XA 5. 100Í/C 6.500*^ 7. 1.O0OÍ/C 8. 2.000ÍA 9. 5.0 0 0*/, 10. 1 0,0 0 0*/, KEY SENTENCES 1. -íttli xl/ĽT-fo 2. *>i(tii '■fy^yr-fo 3. Ittli 3,000X/CTt. &;H.& 3,OOOi/,Tt. 1. That is a television set. 2. That over there is a personal computer. 3. This is 3,000 yen. That, too, is 3,000 yen. ihil that one over there EXERCISES if/5 I. State an item's price. Look at the illustrations and state the price of each item. ¥50 ¥80 ¥100 MAGAZINE ¥1,200 ¥3,000 IÜ> CO ft ¥120 ¥300 9. ¥4,800 ¥17,000 ¥860 10. ¥39,000 ex. ;'Ľ»ii/C 3 1......................................... 4 2...................................•..:... S 9. 10. J . Asie and give an item'sprice. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. A: -iíl{i o < bttts B: 5 00ÍATŤO 32 1. A: B: 2. A: B: 3. A: B: III. Identify objects in different locations. Look at the illustration and make up sentences like the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. 1.A: C-K.IÍ TVtl /~ď<, ex. 2. k. "tmí b-f^^/7tt. ex. 3. A: fc-llli li^fe^Tt. 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (L L S-L) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... C*-» L) 3. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (lä^) IV. Ask and give an item'sprice. Use the information in the illustrations to make appropriate questions for each of the answers given. ex. A: ZMÍ ^< btt*N. B: 20,000Ä^tt. 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B: 1 6,0 0 0*/CT-f. í*-, L magazine 33 2. A:.................................................... B: 1 9,000i/CTt. 3. A:.................................................... B: 28,000i/ttt. 4. A:.................................................... B: 33,000i/CTt. 5. A:................................................... B: 29.S00ÍAT+. V. State that two things cost the same or are the same thing. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. mii 8 0 0;t/lT-f. **U 8 00*./lT-f. 1..................................................................................................................................................... (1,500i^ 2..................................................................................................................................................... (^mo 3.........................................„......................................................................................................... (X;XÍ/Cff) II/,) VI.Asfc the price of more than one item. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. X;X: C ;Hli o< ŕ>T"ttf\, Á-tŕW t/i;: 8,0 0 0^/CTf. Á-t+CO ÍAct: oox, J3JLQ_0ÄX,Tli 1. X í X: ................................................................................................................... Ä-tt« r>£:............................................................................................................... (7,0 0 0i/,) X í X: ................................................................................................................... (7,0 0 0 i/,) Á-tŕOT y£:............................................................................................................... (7,0 O O i/,) 2. X i X: ................................................................................................................... A-tŕco r> £:............................................................................................................... (9,0 OOi/t) X = X: ................................................................................................................... (9,0 0 0i/,) A-ttW t>£:............................................................................................................... (9,0 O Oi/,) 3. X 5 X .................................................................................................................. A-tí-tf) V Z:............................................................................................................... (6,5 0 0 i/,) X a X: ................................................................................................................... (6,5 O O i/O A-tŕtf) y i::............................................................................................................... (6,5 O O i A) VII. Confirm what an item is. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. Mr. Smith comes to a store. X í X: áttli DVDT-ťK A-tŕtf) y E: ov'žL CDT-fo X i X: -t-^t-lä DVDTf^. A-tirťO Z> Ü: lio, DVD T-f. 1- * í *: .......................................................................................................... (v-f-^-Ov/l,) A-tŕ<7> CA t:.......................................................................................................... (&:-/[,< y) X i X: .......................................................................................................... (-> -f — 7°/I,) *■<+« ÍAU:.......................................................................................................... (-/t-y-O'/Jl-) 2. X í X: .......................................................................................................... (77>X;'fl Ľ L i) A-tŕ« y Z:.......................................................................................................... (i ^ z'xr<73 Ľ L Jt) Ä-ttOT U Z:.......................................................................................................... (77>X;'f) ĽLi) VIII. Buy something at a store. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex.XiX: -fAi-tfX. &-H.IÍ Ľý^ 77 y x Tt^, X i X: ý HI i ťŕ^/!;^7TŤ». A-tŕW ľ>£: li^\ fŤtt, X = X: o< r,T-ftf\, A-tŕ<7) UZ: 50000/liítt. X í X: Ľľ, fílí < ťí^„ 1. X í X: ............................................................................................................ (CDyu-t-) Ä-tŕOT r> í::.......................................................................................................... (7/í) X ; X: ............................................................................................................ (C Q-/[•_ + _) A-ttíO (/í:.......................................................................................................... X í X: ............................................................................................................ A-tŕíO r> £:.......................................................................................................... (1 5,000i/,) X = X:........................................................................................................... DVD (f-r— y-ÍŤ-'í—) DVD 7-7V-XC' French (language) •>•»• —7""^ >">/!, mechanical pencil 77 y X France •1?—/I,"? y. ballpoint pen ~c° language ĽLi dictionary i v > C' English (language) 35 2. X ; X: .......................................................................................................... (ŕl/ť) A-tŕ<7) f> £:.......................................................................................................... ("'V3X) X = X: .......................................................................................................... (ŕl/ť) A-tŕ« r> £:.......................................................................................................... X ; X:......................................................................................................... A-tŕ<7) UlĹ:.......................................................................................................... (1 8 0,000*./,) X ; X:......................................................................................................... C jj IX. Listen to the CD and fill in the blank based on the information you hear. ra Ľ'fí ii / ý li.................................................................................................x LT-to SHORT DIALOGUE CD Mr. Smith is at a store, shopping. X í X: Ztlí < /cí^o Ä-tŕ£: |±o. It-, z 9 T't, Smith: I'll take this. salesperson: It's 4,300 yen. Smith: Is it all right to use a credit card? salesperson: Yes, it's fine. VOCABULARY f} — K (credit) card ~T"t, ih^T'1"^ is... all right? Iiv\ ItoCŤTi" yes, it's fine The phrase T t \ n^Ti"^ is used to ask if something is permissible. It means "is. .. all right?" If you're in Japan, try asking the prices of items at vendors where prices are not listed or are written in kanji. 36 SHOPPING, PART II Cl >) TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith buys a T-shirt. x i x : -t^i-tt/Co hTth XíX:í>co &fc^ T-/ + 7Tt. Ä-tŕO <7£:£>Hli 1,5 00i/CT*t„ A-trtf) ľ>£ : 1, OOOi^t. X í X : ľí, ^;K£ 2±^ < K$W ■ *>tf^ T->t7li 1,OOOx^T'to Smith: Excuse me. How much is that T-shirt over there? salesperson: Which one? Smith: That blue T-shirt, salesperson: That's 1,500 yen. Smith: How much is that red T-shirt? salesperson: It's 1,000 yen. Smith: Well then, give me two of those. ■ The red T-shirt is 1,000 yen VOCABULARY *><0 that over there (used before a noun) T -> -c -v T-shirt ť K which one #>&*.* blue %, i:, í L system. Counting things can be done in two ways: (1) using the ľ> £o, .i>/;o, A^o system independently (see Word Power II, p. 39), or (2) using the >■s *>, i:, i L system combined with a counter such as i i > or lí/C (IÍ/C, I í L), the latter for long, slender objects like pencils and bottles. ex. 'J AC'S- .i-Zi-o , .i./:0, &o "3 system, however, only goes as far as Ü fc (10); after which the i s%, I:, í ^ system is used: Ľ d> Ť i' £, Ľ * Ť lc, Ľ u> 7 2 ,C, etc. Note the word order here: thing + $ + number (or number and counter) + < tzi^\ PRACTICE WORD POWER - CD I. Items for sale: @PÍ®Í^I red blue black 7^)W!\ 1. Iitf!r 4. #>7>H 2. í -o T 5. áS*il 3.Týf7 6. < ^ 7. t'-n- 8. i J L C* 9. £«íi> 10. íľ}ľ 38 litf'í postcard ŕ>fci> blue ft&Jv> large, big íoT stamp < ^ľ black í,i-í k - small, little T •> ľ -y T-shirt ť-/U beer **'W red ')a;' apple ^UijfifiSfliil' Numbers and counters: qS= Ü - Q ^ etc. 0© etc. 1 v*£iv* v^lfA U-t-i 2 icii* \~\1L ,i./:T 3 í/Civ* *L\ÍL J*->-o 4 Uíi> X Hl L l->-> 5 r i i > C'liA \ ^—>-~> 6 ■5 < i^ *>->[ÍL Ľ o O 7 tc^t^ UKUL íí^o 8 l±r,i^ lio(í/C V oO 9 í rt> Ť á«- > í f* ŤI3X c ; Wo 10 ĽrdŤíľ Ľ ft T (f A £fc 11 Ľ t* 1 i > í. i i > Ľ ri> i <-'-itíL Ľ tí j i >ŕ, 12 Ľi* 9 i:i^ ĽrJ 7 ICI3X Ľ n> ť i; KEY SENTENCES 2. áSíO ŕ,^í^ 77^7(1 5,000?l/CT-fo 3. ZM.lt X-ix<7) 1. A: .................. T-> + -yli Tv-f-yii T->-r--yi± 2,000i/CTt. 1,5 0 0;I/CT1\ 1 ,0 0 0x.A,T-f. 2. A: ........................................................................ 3. A: .......................................................................................... II. Ask and give a specific item's price. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustration. 40 ex. A: h. K -í -y co) B. Ask and answer what an item's country of origin is. ex. A-.ZKU ťZ 'V) B:................................................................................................................................ ( H' A 'V CO) < 4 i car -f 5") T Italy £' C where, which place jJ'/C:; < South Korea 41 J Wl.Askan item's price and whether it is a product of Japan. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex. Mr. Smith has gone to a store to shop. Ä-tíľ« U\Ĺ: 20,Q00X/CtŤ, X i X: hK\í \z\lL ij/7X"f^\ 1. X i X: ................................................................................:.................... (•?■« !Tlt^) A-tŕ V4 V\i ^T-tt\ A-t+tf) V-t: 77VXflTf. XiX: Cr, **li 211L )T) X i X: ........................................................................................................................... (Ľt-3) 2. X J X: ........................................................................................................................... (/ti) A-tirtf) U)Ĺ:.......................................................................................................................... X ; X: ........................................................................................................................... (ftil) A-tŕ« y £:.......................................................................................................................... (-Í *" 'J X) X = X: ........................................................................................................................... (4- i ^) VII. Listen to the CD and choose the correct answers. 1. Where is the beer from? a)i:i3X b)Tj")ů c) K-f'/ 2. How much does the beer cost? a)300i/C b) 2 0 0 x. A c)10 0ii 7-f > wine 91 >l> towel 17 — t — # -y "7° coffee cup 3 — t — coffee * y 7' cup 43 1 SHORT DIALOGUE CD At a confectionary: Á-t+co č>£: i>b->L f^á-tŕo -ř+>: ->i-:7'J-A£ A-: salesperson: May I help you? Chan: I'd like three cream puffs, please. salesperson: All right. That will be 630 yen. o i — 7 ij — U cream puff 1. Ask your classmates or colleagues where an item they own is from (i.e., what its country of origin is). 2. If you're in Japan, go shopping and buy more than one of an item. Be sure to use the pattern "number of items + < tiiw" ~*stm^ž*i^0®^%Mm^^g^mK0r^^$*^?0^^*®i®^^% "Ji' 44 Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with the appropriate particle. Where a particle is not needed, write in an X. 1. Zt,b( )íť5ííX,T"fo 2. XÍXíXJi ABC7-X*( ^/CClT-to 3. -ýý^ylLXÍ xvi^TT-f ( ), < bttK 3,0 0 0/L.^T-fo *>*!( ) 3,0 0 0;i/CT"f?K p^x, S.OOOx-CT'li&'J í-tí-Ao 3,8 0 0X,(,T1-,, 7. Ýflh'-;K ) 5 (l/C ( ) <ř£*\\ 8. ^*tli cí'Z ( )f] / ýTi~t\ FM-y( )Tt. Complete each sentence by filling in the blank(s) with the appropriate word. \±W K-ryL/CTto 2. **Ui( )Tirii\ 3. ;aii( )'\ 0 3-3 4 5 9-9 6 6 OT-f o 1 2 Ľ^b 1 ĽÍTT-To 6. *w T->-v'yii( iľtK 2,3 0 0^.AT-fo 7. ábl/_ í jiti: ní ä-f. "Mr. Grey will go to Kyoto tomorrow." ■ Verbs Japanese sentences end with a verb (or some other element followed by X"t, which behaves like a verb). The endings of verbs show the tense and whether the verb is affirmative or negative. Tenses of Japanese verbs can be divided roughly into two large categories: (1) The present form. The present, or - i -f form—so called because verbs in this tense end in - í ■f—encompasses both the simple present (used for expressing habitual action) and future tenses. ex. 7"MÍ/Ui ini:i. ^nl<.|c n.if. "Mr. Grey goes to the office (lit, 'company') every day." (frŕzUt) ás L/- *>j-'J it. "(I) return/am returning/will return tomorrow." (2) The past form. The past, or - í 1tz form, on the other hand, includes not only the simple past tense but also the present perfect. ex. (htz Lli) -it L L n> i í J: i £i: ní £ L ŕ-» " Last week (ľ) went to Kyoto." 7'U-fí/Ui t i i*>i: í'i'JiU;. "Mr. Grey has already gone home." The chart below summarizes the tenses of Japanese verbs and shows the endings—affirmative and negative—that correspond to each. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. -t-t -tUL -ílŕz -tMLtltz ■ The particle l: The role of the preposition "to" in English is played by the particle I: in Japanese. I: is placed after a noun that denotes a place. It indicates the direction of movement with motion verbs such as n í á i" ("go"), í á t ("come"), and i-i1) it ("return"). ex. !- i * J; i I: n J J -f o "I am going to Tokyo." [lit., "Tokyo-warď I am going.") In this pattern, the particle ^ can also be used in place of in. noun li place i: n í í -f L ŕ: * j i _i: n_iti-„ "Mr. Grey, will you go to Kyoto tomorrow?" Iiv\ ní £-t„ "Yes, (I) will go." nnx, i'íl-tti, "No, (I) will not go." ■ Questions that contain verbs To ask a question like "will you go?" that contains a verb, simply add ~/js to the verb. Answers to such questions can be brief, as in the examples above. CONFIRMING SCHEDULES CI II TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith phones Mr. Takahashi of Nozomi Department Store to confirm the time of Friday's meeting. x;x:_LtL. ABC« X.x T"t_ rzfcl±l :rzM±lT-t0 fcliJ:-. :*i^it„ x;x:&l/-_ í^ŕjU vN_±-f0 ^.x_*Ut 3C^bT1->ra. r.T.Mil : liv\ 3Ľ^btt. _a _ 'J T' .i-ťtfN, X.X :iH^, tfn^l^tf) t>c__ w_ii-0 /■rtfMil : Ý.Tt^. Tli. *>L/c. X ; X : Lo^^Lit« ■ XÍXÍ5/CIÍ áól/c LfJ) t>c._ l/c tomorrow -U there (where your listener is) u to ( particle; see Unit 3 Grammar at left) nut go n right?; isn't it? (particle) y í_ 'j t alone (lit, "by one person") íit come i_ with, together with (particle) Tli well then, in any case (formal way of saying Ľ v ) 1-3.1. n Li-r good-bye (lit, "I'm going to be rude.") 49 1. í. Li. L This is the conventional beginning of a telephone conversation and may be repeated during the call to confirm whether the other party is still on the line. 2. hVtz ^bi: ^íí-fo Relative time expressions like Ül/b ("tomorrow"), b^lfl>7 ("next week"), C/Clfo ("this month"), and Ž Jt ft-L ("last year") generally do not take particles. 3. tfn^li 3L^bT"ffro The particle ft comes at the end of a sentence or phrase and, like "isn't it?" in English, seeks confirmation and agreement from the other person. It is spoken with rising intonation. The 4. UZ 'J T Ít-ti\ pwi, ^ivLfi) Ut £ ^í it. The phrase ^ilfí) IA £ £ i'iit means "I'll go with someone from the company." Japanese verbs i * í i "f and 5 í f are always used from the point of view of the speaker. í -f expresses the idea of moving from where the speaker is now to some other place. í í "f, on the other hand, expresses the idea of moving toward the place where the speaker is now. Therefore, unlike in English, a speaker talking about going to the place where the listener is located, as in the above exchange, uses i'iít rather than í i ť. The particle £ ("with") in^vLvW WOĹ ^ * i -f is used to indicate accompaniment. 5. L-3;KA* Li "to This expression is used as a form of "good-bye" when hanging up the phone or leaving a house or room. It is also used when entering a house or room, passing in front of someone, leaving in the middle of a gathering, and so on to mean "excuse me." , WORD POWER ■ I. Destinations: STATION £oOC O 0 D / a o u a ' o a a a DODB1-1 fTlD^ 1. < i z i 2. 5tí 3. LLf 4. ZôťlL 5. ztt£t> i 50 < 1 z i airport Y. %ti% friend *í station 1% house LU branch office C ■) Ž.L park Verbs: H>*i-t 2. it-T 3. iS^'Ji-t . Time expressions: ■recsrra LAST THIS NEXT day ii in í, L f; week -r/Clt* 7 c L L tf i í>^L tf> Ť month -tŕ/CIfo c/C If o ŕ, Ulf O year Ííft/C c i: L ki>í^ KEY SENTENCES 1. XíXí/Cli í, L/c í'XCŤi: oíi-ŕo 2. X^í/Cli -tŕ/CLt*? ,t«V=7VU I^ÍÍL/:. 3. -ŕ+yí/LIi ÍW? )Ĺ%Ťi%tĹ UXr-7>U v ^ílŕ:* 4. f+yíAli ÍJ:^ (CfJX^IC JÍL/;. 5. 1. XÍXÍ/Cli h^tiL TJ!)t/\z TÍ^'Ji-to Mr. Smith is going to the bank tomorrow. 2. Mr. Smith went to Hong Kong last week. 3. Ms. Chan went to a restaurant with a friend yesterday. 4. Ms. Chan came to Japan last year. 5. Mr. Smith will return to the United States next year. <■ * í i "ť go í J: ô today í í -f come #> L ŕz tomorrow frž.1) í~t return, go home -tíXL»*') last week í <7) -) yesterday C A t rt> 9 this week b i * L t* 9 next week -tŕXlf"? last month C Alfo this month CjVMfo next month *< xfab last year C Z L this year b^frA next year fry o y Hong Kong 51 1 — EXERCISES. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. .9°. come return, go home ^ií Lŕz ^S á-tŕ/CTl/c '^JLJi Itz «Jk» II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. State where someone will go. ex. XíXÍ/Ui \SLZ 1 I- ^íi-ťo 1..................................................................................................................................................... ( < Ť C Ť ) 2.......................................:.............................................................................................................(tutu*) 3..................................................................................................................................................... («ť i ^ L L <■) 4..................................................................................................................................................... {*L¥ ť-''<-V) B. Staře when someone will go to Kyoto. ex. XiXÍ/Cli &L./Č íiUl: ^ii-f. 1..................................................................................................................................................... (bv v L i» Ť) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (bv>If^) 3..................................................................................................................................................... (*i->T) C. State when someone went to Hong Kong. ex. x;xí/C(± $OŤ ,t>^y|: uJiL/;. 1..................................................................................................................................................... (-trA 11* -5) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (-tt/Uf-o) 3..................................................................................................................................................... ($ ifc/,) 52 ní^Uí Tokyo Station ?ni Kyoto fcfcs^ll* Osaka (branch) office í.íoT the day after tomorrow Jiííí^ Osaka íxy Ginza (famous shopping district in Tokyo) J III. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. Ask and answer whether someone will go to a particular place. ex. A:XiXÍ/Cli í, l tz $ J: 1 £ \Z o$±-f4\ B: l±^\ ^$ £-f „ 1- A:.......................................................................................................................................... (I* 7 If Li i <) B:........................................................................................................................................... 2- A:.......................................................................................................................................... (Í'L i'í/CIÍ t tti^r. L/XF-7VI: ^íí-fo i.....................................................................................................................................................ei'tf-t; b í x.) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (Ť"f í Í/C) 3..................................................................................................................................................... (X-XÍ/C) VI. Asfc and answer whom someone will go somewhere with. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the alternatives given. ex. A: Z i X Í Hi. *> L tz tĺKľi f)fAf»- V \Z ^*í-tt\ 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................... (:-ŕ -t- > í A) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................... (í í í í /O) \ *-} when mwFJB bjf-r VII. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. State who came to Japan. ex. X iZ*Hi Í XÍ1L ICÍÍ/Cl: í íl/c 1............................................................................................................................................ (-f +• y i L) 2............................................................................................................................................ (ŕ<)->■$L) B. Sŕflŕe wno wi/ŕ return to America. ex. X ; Xť5XJÍ b^faA T/'jT^IC ^x'J£-f„ 1............................................................................................................................................ (7* 'J - > í /l) 2............................................................................................................................................ (X;XHiD \Ĺt,t-lt>) _ jj VIII. State when, wftere, and wifft whom someone will travel. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustration. 5. where? m Ginza department store • m Sumisu] II D Osaka branch office Hong Kong ex. 7.1 XÍ HI &lf: fz^jil j L t j Jt •? E \Z ľý j-f. 55 IX. Talk about a plan. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. ex. Mr. Smith is talking on the phone with a person from the Yokohama branch office. XÍX: ŽL/: Wíi-f. Jtlliill^tf) U ť.: tzKZ ii-r-r>\ XiX: ±±y^_LK Piif. 1. Xzitill-cn r> £:..................................................................................................... x i x: ...................................................................................................... (few l n> ť) J:3IííLL^ůo t> £:..................................................................................................... x 5 x: .................................................................................................... {t-z n i L) KliíLLffl r> £:..................................................................................................... 2. J^liiLl«-« r> £:..................................................................................................... X 5 X: •' ...................................................................................................... (*>*-? T) •ŕciiill^co í/t:..................................................................................................... x ; x: ...................................................................................................... (iiiU) «tciiíll*-« r> £:..................................................................................................... X. Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. X;xí/,|i i>3 -oT................................................. £ Jt 3 li £ L L f» Yokohama (branch) office X Z li i Yokohama (port city southwest of Tokyo) SHORT DIALOGUES CD Ms. Chan sees Mr. Suzuki in front of ABC Foods carrying a large piece of luggage. ^+>: *>. 1-fííX,, L U> -o *> J[ Ť T'-f^o •f-f í: XX. fcfcí^l L^lc i>íit. í,íoT £ 9 í i Ť i: ^x1} it. ■f-+ >: -?"> T"1~5i% i^TtiU^. Chan: Oh, Mr. Suzuki, are you going on a business trip? Suzuki: Yes, I'm going to the Osaka branch office. I'll come back to Tokyo the day after tomorrow. Chan: Really? Have a good trip. VOCABULARY £> oh (interjection used to get someone's attention) L rt> o *> i 1 business trip v * o T h -r> L ^ *■ * good-bye, have a nice trip II. At a bus stop, Mr. Smith asks the driver a question before boarding. XiX: tÄML :<0 '*i-f7í\ ><7>: S8IÍXW ''Jtf<£ ? z'i'^i-fo Smith: Excuse me. Does this bus go to Shibuya? bus driver: No, it doesn't. Smith: Which bus goes there? bus driver: The number 88 bus goes there. Smith: Thank you. bus Shibuya (district in Tokyo) driver which (used before a noun) (particle that marks the subject of a sentence; see Note 2 below) number... (counter: used as a suffix after a number) 57 1. ť ><%, "which bus" 2. YKT) >í/,!: M^ToT W-ťÄ r^°- hl- ^í i L/co Takahashi: Mr. Smith, Ms. Chan, please come in. Smith: Excuse me. Chan: Excuse me. Takahashi: Come right this way. Smith, Chan: Thank you. Takahashi: Did you come by car? Smith: No, we came by subway. ■ On Friday, Mr. Smith went with Ms. Chan to Nozomi Department Store by subway. VOCABULARY r please come in come right this way by means of (particle indicating means) subway Friday at, on, in (particle indicating time; see Note 2 below) I EHE! i. < -s±r *± l/c*\ The function of the particle T ("by means of"), which follows nouns, is to express means of conveyance. ex. "7T, "by bus" 9 9 •> — T, "by taxi" But to say "by foot," use Í>£^T, e.g., &£i*T JÍL/;, "(I) walked here." To ask the means by which someone will go somewhere, use 'i'/CT: ex. if/CT i * í í~fl)\ "How will you go?" »'XT i'-íit. "I'll go by bus." 2. íUi[)rl:...oíäL/c. Unlike relative time expressions (see Note 2, p. 50), specific time expressions take the particle I;, ex. 5 Ľ i:, "at 5:00" ťX 7 If K, "on Saturday" 1 2U*>l:, "on the twelfth" 2 0 0 6/HCl:, "in 2006" ) WORD POWER m Dates: YEARS 1 99 8*1/C 2006W •tŕC ír*Ťt/"p< í rj> -) Ľ m •? U-ttC •*>< «.C lit, «i/O the year 1998 the year 2006 J3\_ SUN rtoN TUE WEP THU FRI 5AT 1 2 3 4 S é 7 8 ? 10 II 12 13 14 15 |6 17 18 17 20 21 22 23I 24 IS U 27 28 2? IJÖ" 31 DAYS OF THE WEEK Kt,Xntf if o j; ť y ^J: -5 ?>* -t^Xôtf i Jiň If iLXjlŕ ť X i If Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday -tt/C 'XT If year (counter) day (of the week) MONTHS I >^i)<-) January |:t)'-o February Í/W*o May 3 < ¥-o June L*,t)?-o July l±r,i5o August 7 !><-> October Ľ m -) ^í.í'o November Ľ rt> 7 i:<{-? December DAYS OF THE MONTH -n'/:t 1st Ľ» T L t, [z t, 17th ,;.o<- 2nd Ľ» Ťlií/i:*. 18th U~>-h- 3rd Ľ* i < i:í 19th X^-h- 4th I±otJ- 20th \ >oij- 5th i:Ľr> -jo^ic*. 21st t/'i><' 6th i:Ľ n> 7 i:i:*> 22nd +£ 7 ÍCi:ŕ, 23rd Xifr 8th UU m ť J: tí^ 24th z z nth i:Ľ»i L *,!:*, 27th U rt>9 U K*. 12th. i:Ľi>7li*>i:*> 28th Ľ* -7 í/Cl:*> 13th i:t#i 15th 16th 2/CĽn>7>.Mfc,icí; 31st NOTE: Months and dates are written in hiragana here, but elsewhere in the book numerals are used to write them, e.g., 1 i'o for "January," 1 1 U *> for "the eleventh," etc. Means of transportation: _Ö___<2_ ,,/>, ,:„..-h-X~> 3. <4Í 4. ??•>- 5.L^4>^^^:^ 6.lř: i Í KEY SENTENCES 1. tf^í'li -t^X itfT-tc 2. y'ý'yy-am 3^-5 2 6 u*, k -í+*'jx^t t d í a x^ t= 3. y3yyyil,!i b^Uim í/CtŤí/'i: idä/j: 4. x;xíwí i/C^/C-tŕ/Cr í^í^u ^í±-t„ 1. The meeting is Wednesday. 2. Ms. Brown came to Japan from the United Kingdom on March 26. 3. Mr. Johnson will come to Japan next Friday. 4. Mr. Smith is going to Osaka on the Shinkansen. í i-r. -^^t-~> month ~-1- £> day (of the month) (counter) XL L f train ty-fľ-X") subway < * i car U Z T í airplane 7 7 ■>— taxi 1/C/S'A-ttX the Shinkansen (Japan's bullet train) tf* ŕ, from (particle indicating origin or point of departure) •y s y V y Johnson (surname) 61 EXERCISES «jffv I. State when a meeting will be held. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the alternatives given. ex. *H>if|i j-i'J: 1 U'T-fo 1................................................................................................................................................................ (Ifo 1 i If) 2................................................................................................................................................................ (4<{o I±-ot}~) ... jJ II. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. A. Ask and answer when a festival will be held. ex. Afei^'JIi +£LtfiTlTfro 1. A:..................................................................................................................................................... fi-LKt,) B:...............................:.'.".'................................................................................................................... (1 7 I: t,) 2. A:..................................................................................................................................................... (ti'/CJ; l If) B:...................................................................................................................................................... (frlilf) B. Ask and answer when an event will take place. ex. A:/:/CĽn IŕU i^W, B: 8d<-? 1 9l:ŕ,Tj-Q 1. A:................................................................................................................................. (^i * Í") B:................................................................................................................................. {!¥-> ->\^tzt>) 2. A:................................................................................................................................. (--x a -) B:................................................................................................................................. (ť, ^ I n> i « £* Jt Ť ü\) C. Ask and answer when an event will take place, from when until when. ex. A: fr-o-f-fAli ^o^b i>oiTTtii\ B:8^ &-z,frt-h 2 8U£ÍTT-f. 1. A:....................................................................................................... (Li»-j^ 7) B:........................................................................................................ (lf-3Jt Ť V', 4 < J: Ť t/) 2. A:....................................................................................................... ('J I C -j) B:........................................................................................................ (4 <oj}\) ^^^^2 fcí^U festival fr'/,U£. what day (of the month) fr-o^-fA summer vacation ti~ (polite prefix) tiA^Xilf what day (of the week) fr"-~> summer fr/Ctf5-? whatmonth A/CĽiiíŕ birthday '} x - 7 trip, travel 62 m^mm III. State when someone came to a place. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the alternatives given. ex. .7-7-7 >*/Cli hWiXZ -ľ^'JX^b ÍÍL/:„ 1..................................................................................................................................................... (1 1 ^->) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (3 V-o 2 6 i: *,) 3..................................................................................................................................................... (2004 KL) IV'. Ask and answer when someone will come to Japan. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the alternatives given. ex. A: xg >7 Ví/Cli oo \Z\IL\Z Jif^„ 1. A:........................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................... (ic ^ i ? i/) 2. A:........................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................... (bi>L»iW ? /O i 7 í/) V. State how someone got home. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined part with the alternatives given. ex. XiXÍ/Cli ^'ToT i%\z fr*.i)tlrzo 1..................................................................................................................................................... {9 9'y-X) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (T/ClfT) 3..................................................................................................................................................... (*> 4 v > T) VI. Asfc and answer how someone will get to Osaka. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the words in parentheses. ex. A:XÍXÍ/CIÍ t£ LT fcfcítfMC ^ÍÍ"f^\ B: < -5 í T ^íít. 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................... (ILfrL-ÜL) 2. A:......................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................... (U Z i í) h •& \' T by foot, by walking fr h T by what means VII. State when and how someone will reach his destination. Look at the illustration and make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Kyoto ex. XiXiUt t < 1 i r>*c L^l5-^-tír^T fcfcť^l l ^ic i'5i+. VIII. Describe a schedule. Look at the page from Mr. Smith's weekly planner and make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information provided. ex. Mon. Tue. 1. Wed. Thu. 2. Fri. Sat. 12:00 Go to Tokyo Hotel (by taxi, with Mr. Suzuki).................................... Go to Osaka branch office (by airplane, alone).................................. 12:00 4:00 .......;6:0p................ Go to the restaurant (with my secretary) Go to Yokohama branch office (with Ms. Sasaki) Go to the American Embassy Go to the park (with friends) Go to a friend's house (with Mr. Suzuki) 3. Sun, .j9;0q.a.m,..... 7:00 p.m. ■ _J L—■ ^-—----" ~^-^_ _——-*^* ex. XÍXÍ/UÍ \1^lllf i (D If-oXlľf'iZ ^t,hiZ X í X: +£LZ\~ ííťí\ fcfeí^LLfí) Uť: 1 0 Ľi: ^í±-t„ X í X: ttT Ííť)\ X 5 X: fití^ 1. £ íi 5 ^ l l <• <" V £:................................................................................................................ X i X: ................................................................................................................ íiíiií-L L <•<" Ut:................................................................................................................ (9 Ľ) X i X: ................................................................................................................ fcfcÍTMLftf) í/t:................................................................................................................ (ÍA:ii) X ; X: ................................................................................................................ K Ť í J: i >Ť> f" 'U Tokyo Hotel (fictitious hotel name) ,-J-, -ŕ (U hotel 65 2. &&5frll>e<0 WC:...................................................................................................... X = X: ...................................................................................................... &tiifrllr WC:...................................................................................................... (1 1 Ľ) XIX: ...................................................................................................... &tm-ll>eH!i oo IcläAi: *ilr:t\ •f-+>: ixti.L£ fcít^lc vNͱ-f0 Takahashi: Ms. Chan, when did you come to Japan? Chan: I came in October of last year, from Hong Kong. Takahashi: Really? Will you go back to Hong Kong for summer vacation? Chan: No, I won't. I'm going to Okinawa with a friend. VOCABULARY Okinawa (islands on the southwestern tip of Japan) 1. Ask people when their birthdays are. 2. Ask people when their summer vacations are. y i *A A m ims*- ■+J!c.' UNIT A WEEKEND EXCURSION In the vicinity of Tokyo lie a number of places to visit for pleasure. From the historical sites of Nikko in the north to the gorgeous lakes surrounding Mt. Fuji in the southwest, these locations are only about two hours away from the city. Other popular places include Kamakura, a historical town that dates back to the twelfth century; Okutama, a region abound with rivers, gorges, and mountains; and Hakone, an attractive place to enjoy onsen. Onsen are Japanese spas, and to visit one is a small luxury that the Japanese enjoy tremendously. UNIT« 4 GRAMMAR Existence of People and Things_______________________________________ I place I: noun *s &'J £+/*>£-f ex. 1#nM: \/~X\-ýy¥ í>')Í+„ "There is a restaurant on the first floor." ■jl+ol+ic teLtiO) VCtf *.>ái"<, "There is a woman at the reception desk." ■ The verbs *> U í Ť and ^ í t Both verbs express "being." #> ') i ~t is used for inanimate things (books, buildings, trees), and v. * i "ť for animate things (people, animals, insects). ■ The particle U Existence in or at a place is indicated by the particle U. ■ The subject marker #"* When a subject is introduced for the first time, or when the speaker believes the information to be new to the listener, the subject marker *! is used after the noun. #5 should be used, for instance, when stating that someone or something unknown to your listener is in or at a particular place. [noun li place if *>'J iiff^á-f ~ ex. U X h ý y li 1 4h ' i: #>') i -f. "The restaurant is on the first floor." ■ 4< -> II To state that a thing or person exists in a particular location, use i') í i"/^ * ti", as in 1 <*v v |; V X I- -7 > <{ & ') i -f. But if you want to comment about that thing or person—even to say where it or he/she exists—use l± instead of ¥, as in Ľ X h 7 > li 1 : ii T-fíJ\ U o z n \z +£\z^ *>u i-t. £/.#/.£ *'J ít„ ?JN£"7 '■ {shows her a pamphlet and points) Z ŽITÍ" o l-IJX,<7) X>"?T"f=t, The Toshogu Shrine (Nikko) !*?*$?3Í iz-o Z 1 [z ^$ ii-„ icooi: Kato: On Saturday I'm going to Nikko with my family. Chan: Really? What is there in Nikko? Kato: There are large temples and shrines. There are also onsen. Chan: What are onsen! Kato: These. Japanese spas. Chan: That's nice. 1 Mr. Kato will go to Nikko with his family on Saturday. There are large temples and shrines (and other such things) in Nikko. VOCABULARY fr¥< family U~> C l Nikko (scenic area north of Tokyo) ft U what ás'J á t be, exist nxh Buddhist temple K3 and, and so on (particle; see Note 1 below) Ľ/CĽ* Shinto shrine kX-tíX hot spring (resort) ~ -5 T ft /cr^ what is a/an . . , ? X> " spa «t (particle; see Note 2 below) IHvTt^ that's nice 69 iifciJiJ 1. (i;-,! 9 i:) tíTbr ĽAĽ>^' ^Ui-fo The particle ť is used for "and" when listing two or more things or people and implying the existence of others. Another particle, ľ., also means "and," but it does not imply the existence of other people or things. ex. 1>»hm: i'LZiY. ny\Ĺ-¥ áS'Já-fo "There is a bank and a convenience store on the first floor (and nothing else)." Note that unlike "and" in English, both K7 and t are used only to connect nouns. They cannot be used to connect verbs or clauses. 2. \Z\IL X'^T'tJ:. The particle J; is added to the end of a sentence to call attention to information the speaker thinks the other person does not know. ) EH*A&B€i WORD POWER' ©B1F 70 1. 1^ 7ÍH* 3. i/W?v> 5. Oiv 7.%fr ^ •,<> ľ 9. & T #> b ^ 2. i:!}H> 4 Jt X^i* 6. ÍTÍ'i> 8. -7ITOI + 10. ímiLíĽn Voiín > first floor, ground floor •jitřit reception desk ~jH>/;) floor, story (counter) fe T íi ŕ, v > restroom, lavatory t, fr dh first basement floor (of several) t, rt> Ť L f Ľ J: Ť parking lot %fr basement ««•■ME» NOTE: Floors are written in hiragana here, but elsewhere in the book they are written with numerals, e.g., 1 i}n > for "first floor," 3 fr^ * for "third floor," etc. Things in a hotel room: © Uli' ^ / ^ ^ \&r l.fe'i"^: 2. back, behind ^•y K bed tf'12% briefcase, tote bag *£fr inside, middle 7 7 T — sofa ■) X. top, above t ft') next to í- —7VU table Ifz bottom, below, under t>fr< vicinity, nearby v >-f chair tx. front, before 1 KEY SENTENCES 1iH>|; ílcii' ás'Jíto áS'Ji-f« fr\lL ■ŕ-7%<7) Ť x I ^i-tír/Co There is a bank on the first floor. There is a woman at the reception desk. There is a newspaper and some flowers on the table. Inside the briefcase there are keys and books and so on. There is nothing on the table. There is no one on the second floor. EXERCISES - O Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. be be fc'Ji-f ^ í +...................... *>U i-tfX #> 'J i L ŕ; i-i L/c ^i-ŕ/CTL/c II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in the parentheses. A. State what is in or at a particular place. ex. U-^ TIC ÜThfr äs'jí-to 1..................................................................................................... (Ľ L Ľ ť) 2..................................................................................................... (Á-f i A) B. State who is at a particular place. ex. Ťlt-31-fK ÜL+£ i i" be, exist (only of animate objects) t and (particle; see Note 1, p. 70) ti\Z t ... - i-t!X nothing /■ilt . .. -i-tíX no one AT 1 A lake £ K ; VÍĹ man & £ Z male, man III. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. Ask and answer what is at a particular place. ex. A: 1 fr^iZ +£[Zfr &i)í1ľti\ B: * LZ ň fr í, U í "to 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (2 tfn *) B:........................................................................................................................................... (H) 7 tf/CS J: <) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (3 V/C) B. Ask and answer who is «t a particular place. ex. A: jjtoiil- ^'^ ^ í i"^« BiMJikiA^ ^i-r» 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (t,»UíĽJ:Í) B:........................................................................................................................................... (ti HZ (T) U t) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (3 rfn *) B:........................................................................................................................................... (X í X í /C) IV. State where a thin? is located. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined part with the alternatives given. ex. -ŕ — y'll fr áS'jí-fo 1. A:......................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................... (^ÍO 2. 'A:.......................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................... (l-r^/b^) íwš. wallet ■•;•) 4. A:.......................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................... (r-llLZ''J£-fjK B: L/Co:/I E lífrä* í) 'J Í ľ o 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (V7t-í) IX) B:........................................................................................................................................... ((Í/C t -fe- 7 -) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (*U 'fŤZiD tt^) B:........................................................................................................................................... (Afř e-^) 3. A:.......................................................................................................................................... ('Ji-ŕ#\> B:^icí, ás 'J i -t±/ü0 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (i >_fOT 7 X.) B:........................................................................................................................................... 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (."tíy -y h +£■/>-) B:........................................................................................................................................... D. Ask and answer who is at a particular place. ex. A: 2tHM: /cft^ ^±-fi\ B: rift t ^í-tŕ/óo 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (5 tfn ») B:........................................................................................................................................... 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (7 It-^lt) B:........................................................................................................................................... UII/CC Japanese (language) CA í ti L drawer -b—?— sweater íf-'r ■■/ V pocket A-f" (cold) water VI. State or ask where someone or something is located. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. O VII. Talkabouta tourist destination. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex. fr)Ĺ i: |:*,J: i If K <áíT" liZMK o$i-t0 X ; X: Ý-? T-fiK lizzie ^i;^' ás'Ji-T^o X = X: iH>T'tft. 1. ^fc: Ť:....................................................................................................... ^£ -j X i 7. (^ä < h) (**i < b) li.. fa Hakone (national park southwest of Tokyo) 4NJ < £> Kamakura (historic town southwest of Tokyo) 2. t-Zi:.................................................................................................................. (ři/íi Mí) X 5 X:................................................................................................................... (í^ Mí) ti-a i:................................................................................................................... (Kŕ/V? ŕí/0-tír/C) X = X:.................................................................................................................. C D» Vlil. Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. ijjIMI 1. 1 4n * ic............................................................................................................ t}< *, U í 1% 2. 2 tíhni:............................................................................................................ v ás u ä to 3. 3 tfn n IC............................................................................................................ t< í, ij i -f 0 SHORT READING Mr. Kato stays at a famous inn in Nikko. i) x^L^*0 c-5x^t}< ásUÍ-fo Near the inn are things like a large lake and waterfalls. Next to the inn is a buckwheat noodle shop. In front of the inn is a small park. VOCABULARY 'J J: frAj traditional Japanese inn tz $ waterfall ■^ [ í ^ buckwheat noodle shop ~ f shop (suffix) Using the vocabulary you have learned so far, ask someone what is in his or her hometown or nearby his or her house. üti^ Mi Odaiba (new town with a shopping center, built on reclaimed land in Tokyo Bay) 76 LOOKING FOR A PARKING LOT C II TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Kato has come to Nikko. He asks a salesperson at a store where to find a parking lot. A-tirtf) Ut : xi i>'J i-fJlo ^£ -9 : ci'IT-f^o ■ í,ríŤUĽJ:?IÍ DVf-O Ü "Ír »J ic í,'jÍ-fo Kato: Excuse me. Is there a parking lot in the vicinity? salesperson: Yes, there is. Kato: Where is it? salesperson: There's a convenience store over there, right? The parking lot is next to the convenience store. Kato: Thank you. ■ The parking lot is next to the convenience store. VOCABULARY =.y t"- over there convenience store CELTS 1. ^tfŤlfUiŤli n>t*-tf> cic'JT-fo When the verb is understood, T"f sometimes takes its place at the end of the sentence, ex. x U t" li ť Z [z *>') íirů\ "Where is the TV set?" ŕ —-film Ť iT't (instead of -r-y'/KO Ui: *>') it). "It's on the table." If it is uncertain whether there is a TV set, T"r cannot be substituted, and h 'J í i~ must be repeated to make the meaning clear. ex. ŕ — ~f)\,-i)t£ 2. ')K> II. Office supplies: \ I I I I II \^®^§§i © 1. If Lr/A 2. Z.LXf-> 3. *7fŤX 4. (±í A. 5. tDř-7 6. 7 r A íl 1. V- í ti L 78 ?7ý- tf) ij lí taxi stand ' pencil rt"-yf- + * stapler IÍÍA scissors -b n ŕ — 7" Scotch tape 7tH file III. Numbers of people: m&& /t Ü 111 UZ<) 1 1 1 1 1 " .J-7-c'J U II 11 11 ill 111 *L\ZL II 1- 1 1 III HI 111 111 J:l:^ , / \ | \ \ \ { ,\ 111 III III 111 111 C'U/C Í.-/CIC/C note: Other than U iL ') and .í- tz U, numbers of people from now on will be expressed with numerals: 3 l: L, h\~L, etc. KEY SENTENCES 1. 7—yil jžiz \Ĺ-il¥ 2\IL í)'J í-f= 2. ?v\Ĺ-- tt'TSMc <>t< 5 (Í/L &'Jt-f. 1.......................................................................................................................................... («t'L, 3 á ^) 2.......................................................................................................................................... (l+UA. .l>rz->) 3.......................................................................................................................................... (7ť(;k ŕ:<ÍL) B. State how many people are in front of a building. ex. ny\L=-ĺz třt. 3 u A) 2......................................................................................................................................... (řiü c< -o ás'ji-ťK B: A- o o í, U i-f o 1. A:............................................................................................................................... (Ž o T. illľ) B:................................................................................................................................ (5 á ^) 2. A:............................................................................................................................... (Ľ-yU. íiXIÍ/C) B:................................................................................................................................ (2 HA) 3. A:............................................................................................................................... (3-t-*-y7*. i > < o) B:................................................................................................................................ (J1-3) g^jmi /; < J ^ a lot, many, much i»< -3 how many (small objects) tí t Z Z boy Hfľ how many (flat objects) C child ícCIÍX, how many (long, thin objects) 80 ííAi'í) : girl B. Ask and answer how many people are in front of a building. ex. A: i'L Z l t 'J ^i-to 1. A: 2. A: 3. A: (4ICA) (fc-ilZ« C) G^'J) (#?<-tH>) (/; < í A) Jk III. Indicate where a facility or store is located. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. P g$ßfc C 2. .#■ □ C □ C r 3 □ a a: I+IPHARMACY 1 0 a □ STATION): Q] □ noj fl] m B n TCQ ■* POLICE BOX ŕ Y ■'..■■■■Í LU ll^te^: ex. *, n> Ť L y Ľ Jt ť li jyĽ-co EfrUi: ásUi-f. 1...................................................................................................................... (7 9 ->-J) 3...................................................................................................................... (3 ť tax. *,* c\) 81 : j IV. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. A. Ask and answer where something is. ex. A: % Ý» 1 L y Ľ Jt 1 li ťZ{Z &i)t-tt\ 1. a:.......................................................................................................................................... (7 7->-) li) B:........................................................................................................................................... (* í i *) 2. A:............................'.............................................................................................................. (lí/Cť) B:........................................................................................................................................... (f'!-Kí) ZU-')) 3. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (3 Jt 1 l/C.r.,C) B:........................................................................................................................................... (-') 4. A:.......................................................................................................................................... «ží« ^í") B:........................................................................................................................................... (t-\£L ) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (7''i - y i /C) B:........................................................................................................................................... (3 ^ >) 3. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (í í í ÍA) B:........................................................................................................................................... (^ > í L o) C. Asi and answer where something or someone is. ex. A: Z 1 \JL\1 YlZ Tfi>. B:Ž.Í w) B:........................................................................................................................................... (* Ý :) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................... (li í A) B:........................................................................................................................................... {ý- — -fi\> Ý' L -^ conference room 82 Hi-tfrHII 3. A:......................................................................................................................................... (ť-/U) B:........................................................................................................................................... (fti >Ý" Ť C : fir 7 4 Vil^VI-lt cť 1. -f +■ y:....................................................................................... ás'Ji-f^ 2. f"-ľ > 3. -f--t- y 4. -f +■ y 5. f--t- y 6. -ŕ-t-y cart (for luggage) check-in counter 83 J„.___ Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex.&Y.Zi)[jt< ' at z: ..................................................................................................... &£ :: ..................................................................................................... (=;>Ľ-<7) i ä.) ť £ C : •:'..................................................................................................... ííí: ~ot y£:..................................................................................................... -ŕ-f>: ..................................................................................................... (tflt'/W tit") H)ĹZ VtĹ:..................................................................................................... (*,t}-TocO ^'J<"*>) <— Ť + >:..................................................................................................... tiZZ: ..................................................................................................... (*>*:) íj S C XJ-Y.:..................................................................................................... — vl#' V"' L'sten t0 tne <-D anc' f'" 'n tne blank based on the information you hear. *> n> 9 l ť Ľ Jt t li.....................................................................................Tľ. bus stop entrance 84 SHORT DIALOGUES CD I. Mr. Kato is looking for today's newspaper. f + v:::i: ás'J it» i±^. ^"-7-ť'o Kato: Where is today's paper? Chan: It's here. Here you go. II. Mr. Kato calls Mr. Suzuki on his cell phone while Mr. Suzuki is out on a sales visit. ■h-'C i: -ř-f$í/C„ ^i lf:tti\ tfi:i>i «fAr»- hi: i>it. i)>l:i:ttĽ:'í !Ín>Ui: ^jL'J ±-f>í\, -fľí: 3ĽI: ^jt'Ji-f. Kato: Mr. Suzuki, where are you now? Suzuki: I'm at Nozomi Department Store. Kato: About what time are you coming back to the office? Suzuki: I'll be back at 3:00. about/approximately what time about (used of time; see Note 1 below) 1. ttL\:z6 ... The suffix z"h is used to indicate an approximate point in time. Unlike "about" in English, however, it cannot be used to express an approximate period. If you're in Japan, go out on the street and ask various people if there is a station, department store, post office, etc. in the vicinity. 85 Japanese cuisine is not just sushi and tempura; in fact, most Japanese people only have these dishes occasionally. There are many different kinds of foods in Japan and, consequently, many specialty restaurants. The inexpensive restaurants typically showcase their dishes—sometimes the real thing, but more often than not plastic replicas—in their front windows. Among the most expensive establishments are sushi bars and tempura restaurants. Ginza, an upscale shopping district in Tokyo that features in this unit, is famous for its restaurants and bars. UNIT! 5 GRAMMAR Verbs That Take a Grammatical Object I person l± noun £ verb ex. 7*Ľ j í Hi ^.\>i<$ Ait. "Mr. Grey will see a movie." ■ The particle í Placed after a noun, i indicates that the noun is the object of the sentence, $ is used with verbs like Ait ("see"), J: Ait ("read"), CDAit ("drink"), in < i -f ("buy"), and a host of others. I person 1 l± person 2 [t verb ex. /M-5/Ui Xlt-iHz *v» í -f o "Mr. Grey will meet Mr. Yoshida." ■ The particle U The particle U can also serve as an object marker, as in the example here, where Mr. Yoshida is the object of the verb £> i > i t ("meet"). Essentially, U indicates the person or thing an action is directed at. I person 1 l± person 2/place IC noun$verb ex. 7*MÍ/U± XlKZUz Ttf!A* í-íiLŕ. "Mr. Grey wrote a letter to Mr. Yoshida." "Mr. Grey wrote a letter to the embassy." ■ The particle I: With verbs like X i>< A i *>iít ("write a letter"), Kt~>í £ < 'J á t ("send luggage"), and T Lb í lát ("telephone"), lc indicates the receiver of the action. In English, the receiver corresponds to the indirect object. ^SÉly MAKING PLANS FOR THE WEEKEND c kl TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Sasaki and Mr. Smith are talking about their plans for the weekend. í í $ : cťJ: 9 í/1 c )Ĺ^tí%)i i)\y.*i* Ait» x-x:f-i T-f tf\ í í $ : x i xím? X í X : d*, J; ilfiz JXí'T i-fS3X,E TX.Ô°bÝ í í $ : op?tti0 xjxíai± ic^j:-)t^ic *xí'ť -ť-ť $*/,*: xtvb? Smith: What are you going to do during the weekend? Sasaki: I'm going to see Kabuki with a friend on Saturday. Smith: Oh, really. Sasaki: What about you? Smith: I'm going to eat tempura in Ginza with Mr. Suzuki on Sunday. Sasaki: Sounds good. ■ Ms. Sasaki is going to see Kabuki with a friend on Saturday. Mr. Smith is going to eat tempura in Ginza with Mr. Suzuki on Sunday. VOCABULARY L t» i í"> weekend Lit do *\;-í Kabuki (a traditional form of theater) Ait see T (particle indicating the location where an action takes place) X L.\'-h tempura (deep-fried seafood/vegetables) fz<íir eat EHE! ' . " 1. íX.í'T -f ľ í S X, £ XL^hi tzÍC*IÍA breakfast Z Ť t, f tea ill? milk VSCIiX- lunch ist,? green tea ■y i — X juice liXC'IÍA dinner i It sake (Japanese rice wine) ■tf" > K 'f -y -ŕ sandwich 3-t — coffee x-y soup tý/ salad Verbs: l./:-<ít 2,í)Aít 3,ÍH>Íf 4. Uít 5. 5 Sít /H 6.AÍŤ 7.ŕ-X$ 8.^*J:ií 9.iH'tí)í 10. L C £ $ LÍT LÍT LÍT Lít NOTE: For more on the "noun í L í i"' verb type, see p. 246. . Time expressions: DAY MORNING EVENING WEEK every íwicŕ, i^&i ÍIM±X í ľ L It 7 KEY SENTENCES 1. X i XÍ/LIl ás 17c jO^'Í a í-f o 2. X í 7.*L\± ÍPi: ^ y3f>7'? L i "f o 3. X í XÍAli í CO? UXhýyr [ÍL Z'iiLŽ tz KÍL/:, 1. Mr Smith is going to see a movie tomorrow. 2. Mr Smith jogs every day. 3. Mr Smith ate dinner at a restaurant yesterday. /i-ÍT buy l:£ every day i >*5 every morning i >I±X every evening i 'Ui every week •^ 3*'>7'£ LÍŤ jog 91 EXERCISES f"j I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. eat drink buy read listen (to) see do tz-ií-t «Ait Taí-t............. i i ti-................ a i-t..................... i i-r............... ŕz<í*tL OTAi-tfr/C JtAá-tíX "í í í-ŕ/C........... Ai-tŕA L i-tírX............ tz<í L ŕz í)AÍ L /h ín*£ L/c J; A i L /c í í í L/;................... Ai L/c L í L/i....... /c^i-tŕ/CTl/c cOAi-tíXTL/c VwÍtf/CTL/c "íSití/CTL/c Ai-ŕ/CTL/c L á-tŕ/C T L/c 41 II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. State what someone will see. ex. -ffí Í/Cli 7- U Ľ £ A í-f» 1..................................................................................................................................................... (X.l^!) 2..................................................................................................................................................... 05\i'í) B. State what someone will listen to. ax. "f f í*/Cli fc/U<< $ 5ÍÍ-fo 1..................................................................................................................................................... (CD) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (ř/í) «/U<< II. Make up sentences or dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. A. State what someone will do. ex. XÍXÍ/Cli XŤ-+Ý fz<±-fo 1............................................................................................................ B. Ask and answer what someone will do. ex. A 1. A: 2. A 3. A: 4. A: XiXi/Cli tCiZt: /^iľ^ IV. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. State where someone will drink beer. ex. i-fULli 2AT Ľ-HÍ «Ait. 1..................................................................................................................................................... (l/X|-7>) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (tfr/Utf) ><-) ZT-* steak bar 93 B. State where someone will buy a magazine. ex.Í-ŤÍ*Ltt IJ/CťT ť-o L f fr^í-to (3 V t"-) (< i -7) .'jM V. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. iH'Lr A. State where someone will do something. ex. X iZiLU.- I/X r7>t If/CCli/Cr ŕz<í-f. 1............................................................................................................................................................ 2........................................................................................................................................................... 3........................................................................................................................................................... 4........................................................................................................................................................... B. Asfc and answer where someone will do something. ex. A:X = XÍ/CI1 iT:t li'/CC'li/Cr /c<±-f^o B: UX h"7>T ŕz^íiľo 1. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 2. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 3. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 4. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 94 tLj frL library X4"°— 77?y gym, fitness/sports club XrK—'/ sport(s) 7 -7 7" dub m£2«m VI. State what someone does regularly. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. every day 1. every morning 2. every evening 3. every week x. ^£Ťť5/Cli iiw;*, otóč ť5/Cl££ L i-f. 2.. 3.. VII. Taífc about the events o/a weekend. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. frV. 9: Ln> 7 Í-^IZ ÍL-ICÍ LÍL/;K X ;X: Zttítit =f)l-7j LiL/cc i^řiTZT Li lrzt\ X;X:]iZJaT LÍL/:. tf^ 9: f i Tt<\ 1. tf* £ Ť :............................................................................................................... X ■ X:............................................................................................................... (7'iJ -y*L. t-7.) fr H i:............................................................................................................... X 5 X:............................................................................................................... (frf-iKD x - X 3 - h) frUi:............................................................................................................... 2. ^ £ i :............................................................................................................... X ; X:............................................................................................................... (-Tf í í A. fr^v t <") tí^ i:............................................................................................................... X 5 X:............................................................................................................... (Í*/CÍ*W f""'*- h) 7}- £ Ť :............................................................................................................... l>tó dog «ľ/a- -x vegetable juice ■PSí» vegetable fc< ÍA (another person's) wife i/Clí? Li-f go for a walk zill 7 £ Lit play golf ř-^J-f- tennis court 95 ŕ Q VIII. Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. IE33 ™ 1. ^-t-Vi/Ui ^icf:li^\ £ ij j&< i^ -) z'ií^í-f0 -t-fi: l:í,J:it/ffl 7ĽIC íitliv L á "to ô-ŕc 'J Tt = A-t+O r>£:l;tv\ ^^'J±L/c„ Tli, fei'±XÍ fcT/Cfrlf/CZ'TČ restaurant employee: This is Tenmasa. Suzuki: .I'd like to make a reservation. restaurant employee:-AII right. Thank you. Suzuki: Sunday at seven o'clock, please, for two people. restaurant employee: Yes. Well, then, please give me your name and telephone number. VOCABULARV X Á^í Í X"Z' i'^^íir this is Tenmasa (speaking on the phone) T h i í Tenmasa (fictitious restaurant name) T" "' if i » i -f (humble form of T-f) «t f < reservation hfr '] í L ŕ: understood; I see; I understand foti*1) í~t understand ti ti Í X. (another person's) name (polite word for tli) This is the phrase to use when you want to make a reservation. fcfcW'i * L í -f can be used to order food or drink, too. ex. 3-t-£ řilaí!i>Lit. "I'll have (a cup of) coffee, please." 1. Talk to someone about your plans for the weekend. 2. Tell someone about what you did the previous weekend. AT A TEMPURA RESTAURANT II TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith and Mr. Suzuki have arrived at a tempura restaurant in Ginza. -r-r í : tfítto X ; X '. (a few moments later, at the table) *■ v^ A -tr T"f fa » -t-f$i/Cli J; < zw A-tri:: $i-f^0 X ; X : (fifteen minutes later, after their dishes have arrived) ~T~f ? Í5/C, X i X : ^^L^T"f fa„ X;X^li -f-fŕí/CU 5^-íťW tit*.* ižílŕzo restaurant employee: Welcome. Suzuki: I'm Suzuki, restaurant employee: Oh, Mr. Suzuki. Right this way, please. Smith: This is a nice restaurant, isn't it? Do you come to this restaurant often, Mr Suzuki? Suzuki: Yes, I come sometimes. Because (this restaurant's tempura) is so delicious. Smith: Mr. Suzuki, what's this fish? Suzuki: It's whiting. Smith: It's delicious, isn't it? I Mr. Smith went to a tempura restaurant in Ginza \ the name of the fish. . Suzuki. Mr. Smith asked Mr. Suzuki VOCABULARY -r-ť?i á Mr. Suzuki ~ií Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss (more polite than í ÁJ) J: < often (see Appendix I, p. 248) iĹ i if* sometimes (see Appendix 1, p. 248) fexLi T-t be delicious, be tasty 97 88 1 i)'b í t-t£ because (particle) fish whiting (kind of fish) (note: Names of fish, fruits, vegetables, etc. are sometimes written in katakana.) tempura restaurant ask fr h follows a sentence or clause that explains the reason for something. Here, the topic phrase C A-tŕtf) TX/.)°bli is being omitted. (For more on frh, see Note 3, p. 142.) ) WORD POWER ■ CD I. Verbs: \.XLhí líir 2.i-íit 3. Ü < <) i -r 4. h\-i-f 98 T/C*?? L i "f telephone jí1 í í -t write « < 'J i -Ť send í> i > i -f meet «»■MW II. Family: \.ŕzfr\tlZL íííĺtíA, 3. t-^\tliL 7.iiíí/,ro C* L* Ľ/C 8. tioi:/L»ĽA KEY SENTENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. X-xiM a/:'íi: TXfrí lit» x;xíAli í, L/b /c^IlLi^: *>^i-f. -ŕ-r-ví/Cli J: < fe^ásí/Ci: T«í frtt-to -f-^ >í/ül± ási'J ŕ U Ľ í Ai-tŕ/,. 1. 2. 3. 4. Mr. Smith is going to phone a friend. Mr. Smith is going to see Mr. Takahashi tomorrow. Ms. Chan often writes letters to her mother. Ms. Chan doesn't watch television very much. ! r> £ 9 í L (another person's) father £#'£> í L (another person's) mother Ü < í h (another person's) wife t, t, (my) father lili (my) mother TÍ/M'»' (my) wife Z' L rt» Ľ ^ (another person's) husband C'~ (honorific prefix) fí->!:/L#lX/ (my) husband TjJ'A letter áS i ') ... not much — i -tí ^ (see Appendix I, p. 248.) 99 1 - EXERCISES - ,' j I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. telephone XLhí Li-f Li-ttX, TX« Lá L/c TX^£ Li-tŕ/CTL/c write friii- ^i i-ttx. 4<5 á L/c í-íí-tf^TU; send ti < ') í -f fc< 'J i-tí-A « < ') a L /c íí< ') i-tírATL/c meet äs^i-f ti'itA tl>ÍU: AcHiWL/: ^Sj II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. State whom someone will write to. ex. X c Xť5AIÍ. t t,t£t>K T^AÝ ^*i-f„ 1..................................................................................................................................................... (fc £ Ť 5 /C) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (/c4M± L i/C) 3..................................................................................................................................................... (ŕz^lfrL) B. State whom someone will telephone. ex. XíXíAli l/X h-7>i: TX,fc>£ L i-f „ 1..................................................................................................................................................... (i^&i/C) 2..................................................................................................................................................... «n * l <■ L J: i 3) ÍXÍ'W .t-Ť-^ a a □ □ a|HĎT6L a 1 1 4) i:liACi 'J ... -i-tŕ/C) 3. A:-f-t-> i Ali J: < xi^<£ Ait4>. B:................................................................................................................ 0 ^ X. -tíX-tŕX . . . - í-tfX) VI. Give a reason for an answer. Answer the questions below using the example as a guide. Substitute the underlined word with the words in parentheses. ex. A: Z i Z $ HÍ X< ř-XÍ Lít^„ B:liv*„ H« *,^^ll J: < Í/UÍÍ Li-r^„ B: ^ -o ...................................................................................................................................................... (C Ť xX) 2. A:^-ľ>-ÍAI± «t < -TLÍ ŕz^-t-tfr, B: ^ *° ...................................................................................................................................................... (i" L V) U X I- ý y d — •? Restaurant Roma (fictitious restaurant name) nť- a — -7 Rome "f I í -> \t*> l l f Sapporo (branch) office -tíX-tíX . ÍtIÍí Sapporo (city on the island of Hokkaido) +L<* lobby sushi — - í -tť/C not at all (see Appendix I, p. 248.) sushi restaurant 103 i VII. Order at a restaurant. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustration. ex. XJX: . Ľ-/I/Í- 1\IL fcfctf^li-f. 1. X 5 X: ......................... A-ttcO Iři::...................... 2. X a X: ......................... A-HOT tV ^:...................... 3. X J X: ......................... A-I+CO ř>£:...................... T -f X 7 ') — A ice cream 104 «* VIII. Tn/fc about a weekend plan. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex. ~Ť ~t Í ZLť:.. -r-fí:.. ft >: 2. -fľí:. -f -f >:■ -f-fí:. Ť+V: (ABCXl-7777') . (l/X r7> K7 3'>) . (I/XI-ŤV F7Í'/) . (< \z£:li^„ H^:I±^o Green: Excuse me, two "pine" meals please. restaurant employee: All right. What about a beverage? Green: Two draft beers, please. restaurant employee: All right. VOCABULARY i-on-x ;->: -fÄi-tfX. 'J i i L * U J: f fcW-Lit. A-ti:<7) U*Ĺ: l±o0 fc^Jjlli? Green: Excuse me, I'd like the check, please, restaurant employee: All right. Green: Excuse me. I'd like a receipt, restaurant employee: All right. What is your name? tit-L Ľ J: Ť bill, check 'Ji^LtJŤLj: receipt (requiring signature from the restaurant or store where the purchase was made and usually necessary when appiing for reimbursement of expenses incurred) Go to a restaurant and try ordering food and a beverage in Japanese. . --ťy'^atUJt'-.ŕUfe^—Ji-' if~WJ»,s* VrJupUjHLí'fltiä' Quiz 2 (Units 3-5} Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with the appropriate particle. Where a particle is not needed, write in an X. 1. 7--y'il ii( )üLf£U t-f-f]\ f't-b( )Í*T1V 5. /b7í-(i L Í5 X^li *>ltz '^wL*» l>£( )££í^( )o ii'-ŕ. 6. X-XiAli Sííí/Cí )T/C*?£ LiL/:. 7. /^Milí/Ui "^>Lffl *>^<« UXh7>( )ÍAž:'!U ( I^ÍL/1:. 8. fr/blli '( )lA,.r>/,(. )JtÄi-f„ 10. X=XÍA,IÍ ^0( ) |C(ÍX>(= ÍÍL/;i>\ 5i)^ 18i:*( ) í i L/c„ 11. J; < f--X£ Li.-f^o U, Ť ^<7) ^U±-f( ■ )o (Hint: This sentence is giving the reason.) f\W Complete each question by filling in the blank(s) with the appropriate word. i. Ií/Cťvo i£U( )^i-r#\ tzt-\±l*L-<7)'Jlíli( )Tti\ 3. xJco *,^< i;( . ' )rt< *ui-r^o ^"xco'Jlíť *1> ilf L* x < K> r-*'*-M< iUi-To A o-3 í) U i "To 5. ž-* iŤLlz titz Včt<( )^t-ŤH\ 6. ft>í^ /i/C ľ J: Ť í/'li ( )T-f^o 7. ( )i? í Jt Ť £Ll*U T/C^bř LH/:')1. X-XÍU' LäL/io 107 8. ŕzfriíliUi Í>í^l: ásoi L/z^^ 10. 7*7^yí/lli( )T/^i]\z fr±i)ilh-f)\ ■tf/Cl n> Ť<7) cťJ^í/'U ^x'JiL/io n. i K TXfc>£ Li-f„ 108 UNIT1 U3* VISITING A JAPANESE HOME In Japan, it is usual to offer guests green tea and Japanese sweets, or wagashi. Wagashi convey a sense of the seasons. The soft, moist sweets given in spring, for example, are modeled on cherry blossom flowers, while summer wagashi take the form of refreshing jellies made from adzuki beans and agar. Wagashi are perfect for both entertaining guests and appreciating the seasons. They also make nice gifts. Throughout Japan there are confectionaries that specialize in these unique treats. Some of the oldest and most successful ones have been in business for centuries. UNIT« 6 GRAMMAR Adjectives I adjective + noun ex. í i%\t fcíi*\ »TT. "Mr. Grey's house is big." Japanese adjectives can either modify nouns by directly preceding them, or act as predicates. In this they resemble English adjectives. There are two kinds of adjectives: - ^ * adjectives and - tt adjectives. MODIFYING NOUN! ADJECTIVE + NOUN — i * ADJ. *>#>■* v% Zň Ž.L big park — tt" ADJ. ÍHv"l' litt pretty flower Unlike English adjectives, Japanese adjectives are inflected for tense and mood as shown below. as predicate: adjective + Ti~ PRESENT form PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. — V * ADJ. titíi^Ti- titu U á-tŕ/C Hi'TL/: |**iv«Tli*'; Hi LT I t; Giving and Receiving I person 1 li person 2 U noun £ #>lf ii" ex. KfrŕžiLli ?V4*L\- £(+^í *>lf i L /;„ "Ms. Okada gave Mr. Grey a watch." I person 1 li person 2 \z noun £ t h ^ á i" ex. 7'U-Íi/Ui ři*-/--"íAl: £l-h>£ Ui'iLÍ:. "Mr. Grey received a watch from Ms. Okada." The sentence pattern used with the verbs #>lf ti~ ("give") and i í> i > i "ť ("receive") is the same as the one introduced in Unit 5: "person 1 li person 2 lc noun $ verb." With as If i"f, the person who is given something is marked by the particle lc, and the thing he or she is given is marked by £. But with t h *•* í i~, I: indicates the giver rather than the receiver. Here U corresponds to "from." NOTE: äS I f i "f cannot be used in the sense of "someone gives something to me (the speaker)." For this meaning, the verb < i\. í ~f is used. 110 "&L<# ^mm ÜÄfg RECEIVING HOSPITALITY c I] TARGET DIALOGUE Hi Mr. Smith has been invited to the home of his client Mr. Takahashi for the first time. ŕzfrlil : fc^lli ^-ó^T-f^o ■^^ÍAli /=tfMiL*/Cco 9*»T iHi>4 \z\íLK>Ž 1 llV tf)AÍL/;„ Takahashi: Have some tea. Smith: Thank you. Takahashi: How about some sweets? Smith: Yes, I'll have some. These are pretty sweets. Are they Japanese sweets? Takahashi: Yes, they are. Smith: They're very tasty. Takahashi: How about another cup of tea? Smith: No thanks, I'm fine. ■ Mr. Smith ate some pretty Japanese sweets at Mr. Takahashi's home. He drank one cup of tea. £' i V tlfrl ^ŕzŕžiíi- 5*u> (tt) ZTt 1 liV (Polio) ~IÍl>/IÍW/|fl! please (see Note 1 below) sweets how about. . . ? (see Note 2 below) (said before eating; see Note 3 below) pretty very one cup cupful, glassful (counter) 111 \>i>i, i 1 It o 3 j Tili o C 1 Ti- no thank you, I'm fine (see Note 4 below) no thank you "(Thing) ý cť 7 í" ("please help yourself to . . .") is used to offer something to someone. v »á^Ti" /;f:iit„ This phrase is spoken when taking something that is offered. It implies both acceptance and gratitude. 4.ili'i, t i Itt 3 Ť Ti"o This is a polite way of refusing a second helping of food or drink. If you want to refuse the first time you are offered something, say >■ h v ž.. 11" o C j Ti". PRACTICE WORD POWER £}) I. - v» adje. ctives: 1. fcfcí^Ti" 2. iiPiPTt (f,,/í ^f©VTÍ" 4. f i-^Ti" 5. #>/■;(, lv>Ti" 6. .J. 4 o Ti" 7. ŕ,^>Ti" 3. čfc^Ti" — 112 ÍJtJS^Tt big ti'ii'Tt small /iín^Ti* expensive Y'i'^Ti" inexpensive í) /; b L v > T Ť new, fresh .»■•Si'Ti" old (not used of people) £>tSh'TÍ" near Kfci'T-r far 9. Ľ-f^L^Ti" 10. f 3 L^Ti" 11. ási^Ti- 12. J^fj^Ti- 13. *-3v>Ti" 14. it^Ti" 15. i>v>Tt 16. tit LZ^Tir 17. v^jí'L^Tí" 18. fc^U'T-f • Ti" 3. -i*TÍ" 5. ÍÍH'T'-T 6. 1/C-t+oTi" 7. í/áTi" f-ť^t^Tt difficult Jti>Tt cold Ici'^Ti-T-f lively L X,-It-3 Ti" kind, helpful f 5 L v »Ti" easy ku>Ti" good, nice l f í* Ti" quiet CA i TT free, not busy l>iv»Ti" sweet Ü i L 3\»Ti"interesting 's/,'J Ti" convenient 4-i,i-Tt hot.spicy \. >ýj}!H >Ti" busy rp i tfn >Ti" famous áb-^>-f"ř hot iii'Li'Tt delicious **U>Ti" pretty, clean 113 1 KEY SENTENCES ■ 1. fz^\tlÍLU Éhŕzhl^TiTo 2. ZJtlli tiilZ^ ULT-to 3. >Liixii>fr UXh7>T itirzo Mr. Takahashi's house is new. LJt < ĽÉ 2. This is an interesting book. 3. The Tokyo subway is convenient. 4. Mr. Smith had a meal at a famous restaurant last week. EXERCISES' I. Practice conjugating - >.» adjectives. Repeat the adjectives below and memorize their forms. AS PREDICATE : PRESENT FORM MODIFYING NOUN aff. neg. big small titii T+ £íi<Í^Tf Kíio difficult Ü-f^Lv^T-f JĽ^l^fr^Tf tľ-f^L^ easy Vi U*Tf ví Ktí^r-r Vi U* sweet *>i^T"f hi (ivTt í>i^ hot, spicy hot ^b^T'-f *-3T-f «*, L í i ^ Tf) B:................................................................................................................ (*> i »>Tf) 2. A:................................................................................................................ (C co # i,-^ i>i,utf) B:................................................................................................................ (ŕí.ľTf) B. Ask and give one's opinion about something. ex. A: ilíí/^li Ľf^Ľ-'T-fiK B:»n»x., Ľ-f j»'L < fr ^ T-f o 1- A:................................................................................................................ (~co r-A, íit lí»»Tf) B:................................................................................................................ (£ í, L í w T-f) 2. A:................................................................................................................ (ifcco ĽLí, ^mrt) B:................................................................................................................ (v h »T-f) i" í V Í sukiyaki y — + cake # U— curry y-A game 115 IV. Describe something. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. interesting ÜWJJJiUJ- -m*mp *m aim m km íl old expensive sweet delicious ex. Z Uli. fetl^P liAT-to 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.................................................................................................................................................................................... 3.....................................................,.............................................................................................................................. 4.............................,...................................................................................................................................................... 5.................................................................................................................................................................................... V. Practice conjugating — ti adjectives. Repeat the adjectives below and memorize their forms. as predicate: present form modifying noun aff. neg. lively l^fKt Ki'K>t-T\tf>i)HiL ICÍ'ť^íť quiet convenient l-ft-T-t 'Jí-tí:X famous rj-j mutt iDlrt^Tliifc'Ji-ttX. r$ Ť aŕjníi.- pretty, clean rKwT-r ííu^TliA'J í-tiX íftv^j; kind, helpful free, not busy L/C-tf-oft uix-f yiTliifc'ji-tŕA l/C-tŕo* Vi. Describe someone or something. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex. .-fr^M r-5/Ui LA-tŕoT-fo 1..................................................................................................... (7''j->iX<7) fc- < í A, Sft^T-ŕ) 2..................................................................................................... (Ü Ť í J: 9 tf> Íí-To. - UXh-ýVli L-f>Tľ^o 1. A:................................................................................................................... {6 o If L i\ KŽffrTi-) B:................................................................................................................... (Kí'ť^T-f) 2. A:................................................................................................................... C ť äX. ííH'Tt) B:................................................................................................................... (ífe' T-f) B. Ask and answer whether one is free. ex. A.&lŕz V-ÍTÍ--Í\ 1. A:................................................................................................................... (&lŕz r O A. ................................................................................ (i,JiTO lf/0) VIII. Describe a restaurant where someone had a meal. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. XiXS/Cli -tr/Ano ľftŤ*>pfr UXr-7>T L J: < U £ L 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... •6o(í/C*' Roppongi (district in Tokyo) 117 jj IX. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. Ask and give one's opinion about a hotel. ex. A: V. j ? Jr. 1 *7^Hi * tl^tc *7^l/T'-f^o B:ll<.\ jjftvfr rh-ř/UT-fo 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (Ž/:bU') B:.......................................................................................................................................................... (*/;í,Lľ) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (ři ti í i 0 B:........................................................................................................................................................... (řiť í i 0 ' B. Asfc and give one's opinion about a restaurant. ex. A: l/X h 7>$*/Cť'IÍ A 9 <*> i ' fr I/Xr7yľt<\ B: l'^X, rDŤ^ofr |yX h^yriií.1) f-tŕ/óo 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (L i" M) B:..................................,,:.................................................................................................................... (11**^0 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (i'i>) B:........................................................................................................................................................... OHO C. j4sfc and give one's opinion about a place. ex. A: L t 9 í 1 K lolil: i'íít. B: {Z-o Z jít ťLtC ľ. Z Z, T~tti\ A:ütofr tZ^Ti-Xo 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (* Í < í) B:........................................................................................................................................................... (f>i < í) A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (KÍ'ť^íO 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (ři/^Mí) B:.......................................................................................................................................................... (ři/^Mf) A:.......................................................................................................................................................... (ři í, l -^ 0 SBUI KXíi' what kind of £ 3 -^ place í> í < í Asakusa (district in Tokyo) 118 mw^Hr^ X. Compliment someone's possessions. Mr. Smith is visiting Mr. Takahashi's house. Compliment Mr. Takahashi's house and the things (numbered in the picture) he owns, assuming the role of Mr. Smith. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. ex. X c X: ťfejv 9£Tl~ft. 1. X = X: (a).......................................................... (b).......................................................... 2. X ; X: 3. X = X: 4. X = X: X painting, picture 119 1 ^^ XI. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. A. Talk about the weather. ex. X i X: $ x 1 It i'i> xLir-füo fz-ň-lil: ŤLx. ll/C£-5l:: ^±±_JZJyt_Tirti.0 1- x - X: ......................................................................................................................................................... (ás-^i -) ^l±l:......................................................................................................................................................... (*>ow) 2- X!X: ......................................................................................................................................................... (ifi >) 'i'Hil:......................................................................................................................................................... (itv) B. Asfc and answer whether a facility is far from where one is. ex.i-^-y-. -ŤA-íML. £,^T^: ................................................................................................................................... 2- ^ >: .................................................................................................................................... CiU) U t Z T-f, X Li weather 5.i-X.<'ti> about five minutes llX/K-ji: really 5.JX for five minutes fi»1 about, approximately (particle; used of a period, price, 120 amout, etc., but not of a specific point in time) SHORT DIALOGUES CD I. Mr. Smith visits Mr. Takahashi's home. He rings the security system intercom. ™ /i^lil: l±^„ X ; X: X í XT'-fo /i^M±L: í). £> Je o £ ÍtT{ fz'ii1, (Takahashi goes fo answer the door.) ŕz-Ô-l±l: X < í'^Líi'iL/:. X ; X: fc Ľí í L i "t. Takahashi Mr. Smith Takahashi Takahashi Mr. Smith Yes? It's me, Smith. Oh, please wait a minute. (Takahashi goes to answer the door.) Welcome! May I come in? {lit., "I'm going to disturb you.") VOCABULARY i < i'boL^'iL/: please wait a minute a little bit welcome may I come in? (said when entering someone's home) Mr. Smith is at an antique shop in Tokyo. X ; X: C*lli o< hT-tt- Á-tiľ« !>£: S.OOOaXT-fo X = X: *>Jt-?£ /=*n^T-filo Ä-tŕ« t>£: Ctili 6,500xWt. X í X; Ľľ, **l£ < /c'í^ Smith: How much is this? salesperson: It's 8,000 yen. Smith: It's a little bit expensive, isn't it? salesperson: This is 6,500 yen. Smith: Well then, I'll have that one. Start a conversation with someone by talking about the weather. Say whether it is a nice day, a cold day, or a hot day. Refer to Exercise XI A as necessary GIVING COMPLIMENTS C í) TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Takahashi and Mr. Smith are talking about the flower vase that Mr. Takahashi received from Ms. Hoffman. refill : i.*.. ŕzLt x i U'\z £t,r£t> is Hz tb^Ě Lŕzo rzfrlil : ii hrzL WORD POWER' CD: I. Verbs: 1. *lfi-f 2. t b^í-t II. Flower vocabulary: 1.1fr, 2. il-^-VB'y 3.+*.-*)••/■? 4. lit'^li *>lf±-f give t b * > i ~f receive lib rose 7> — ^. — -> 3 y carnation Ť a- U v -f tulip IHf/ilí bouquet 123 1 . Gifts: 1. -i -V ') y 7 2. Ž •■/ 7 U X 3. tťtfh 4. T.il — 7 5. 7*-7^X 6. ž.\*-d< íiÁťlf KEY SENTENCES 1. X •Xí/Cli •f +>S/U = lift? i>lfil/;„ 1 2. ^ *yiL\± X = XÍ/CIC lift* t b*. »iL*. 1. Mr Smith gave Ms . Chan some flowers. 2. Ms. Chan receivec some flowers from Mr. Smith EXERCISES < I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. give receive ásifi-f fcifi-tfX t b^á-tŕA fclfi Itz Alfá-tŕATlŕc t b*1 i-tí: AT Ire — 124 -Í+'JVT" earring y^x blouse *7JM necktie %'/9 Ľ Z. necklace í-,.;: ticket ei-r- coat fíí/'b ring Hí L history fcAW gift, souvenir X4-7 scarf lí i L hat, cap Í L\ ■ŕ+yí/Ui XěXÍA-l lift í í.lfi-f = lift í ttv^i-f. 1..................................................................................................................................................... (í H^ft lift) 2 ....................................................................................................................................... (ítW5« í oó;) 3 ................................................................................................................................................ (HS l<7) IIA) . Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustration. A. Ask and answer whom someone gave something to. ex. A:XeX*XJÍ /eft U ;Q'd*íAU &lfíL/e„ 1. A: 2. A:. B. Asfc and answer whom someone received something from. ex. A:-f -V V 2/Ui re* ft K 3.1'^cO jj^uŽ it^íL/:^ X;XÍii: í, Í,VN± Ire. 125 2. A:................................................................................................................................................... B:.................................................................................................................................................... C. Ask and answer what someone gave to another. ex. A:XiXíA|l ±±Z1A^Z ^K* *>lf£l/b>K B:*Pä<<£> Joô;í í>lfil/b„ 1. A:................................................................................................................................................... B:.................................................................................................................................................... 2. A:................................................................................................................................................... B:.................................................................................................................................................... IV. Make up sentences or dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustration. A. State who gave what to whom, and who received what from whom, on a specific day. ex. i. -f-fííAli 7'J x-7X1; Ť+yíAi: TXlĽljt£ í. if i L/C- f+yíAli 7DX-7XI: -f-fííAlc TX L Ľ L x í í, b^i L/čo 1................................................................................................................................................................................. 2................................................................................................................................................................................. T/C L Ľ L J: electronic dictionary 7')X7X Christmas - * V y 9 -í y t— Valentine's Day Ť33L/-I> chocolate B. Ask and answer what someone gave to another on a specific day. ex. 1. A:-f-f í Í/CI1 7'JXVXIC -ŕ-r-VÍ/JC í.'IC í Í>lfil/b4\, B:TXLĽLjtí í. If i L/bo 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... C. Ask and answer whom someone gave something to on a specific day. ex. 1. A:-f-f 5 í All ^'JX^XIC /b'jftlC TX L Ľ L Jt £ í>lfíl/btf\, B:-ŕ-f V í X.IC áSIfíL/bo 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... D. Asíc and answer when someone gave something to another. ex. 1. k-.-f-fi iAIi o-o -r + y^Alc TAL Ľ L Jt í áslfi l/brf\, B: 7 'J X -7 X IC í, If i L /bo 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... E. Ask and answer what someone received on a specific day. ex. 2. A:-ff? í All '< U V 7 4 >f-*-IC ■f'+yí/LlC tťlCÝ tb^i L/b^o B:77>X« f33l/-rí ib^íL/;, 3. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... 4. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... F. Ask and answer whom someone received something from on a specific day. ex. 2. A: f f í í All '< U V 7 4 V f"*- IC /b'iflIC 77VXC0 B^-r-VíAlC t b^í L/;» 3. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 4. A: G. Ask and answer when someone received something from another. ex. 2. A.-f-fi* L\± ^o ft>Í/Cl: 7-7>X<7) f33l/-rí th^i lfzt\ 3. A:. 4. A:. O V. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. A. Ask someone whether he or she will give a birthday present to another. ex. j-^y-.frZriL, &i/cii x ; xiL\ ií^rii. *y 9 A í *lf±-fo 1. -r-t-V:................................. ^£ i 2. -ft y (*iiL [iL) («< í/C) (i./:í>Lľ viMÍA) B. Talk about presents to be given on special occasions. ex. X ;X: t-Z i j L, \i\±t>n v- Father's Day 2. x ; X:............................................................................................................ (It -> Z A, * fc/Ctf. £ < í A.) ^ Ť :............................................................................................................ (lib« I i Ír £ I í) X = X:............................................................................................................. C. Talk about an article of clothing someone is wearing. ex. Ms. Chan has a new necklace. -f-fi: 3*U'fr l-7 7 1-XTtft. -f-ťí: J: < uí>^í1~tto 1. -f-f *:............................................................................................................................... (V^ Ü lt^) •f- + >:............................................................................................................................... (^ 'J X7X) •f ľ í:................................................................................................................................ + *>:................................................................................................................................ 2. -f f $ :............................................................................................................................... (* *U>íŕ X #-7) Ť+ >:............................................................................................................................... (/c A U J: Ť t/') 11*5:................................................................................................................................ ■f-+ >:................................................................................................................................ i VI. Listen to the CD and answer the question based on the information you hear. SHORT DIALOGUES m I. Mr. Smith is visiting Mr. Takahashi's house today. He glances at his watch. XcX: L>, zch^h L-5il^Lit. í J: Til ťlt &W£ 1 Z'f'^í Iŕzo /iiWil: ťi^ŕzlí L T„ Smith: Well, I'll have to be leaving soon. Thank you for (inviting me) today. Takahashi: You're welcome. VOCABULARY fífí 1-3*10 Li 1" it's time to be going; I'd better get going in just a short while thank you very much (used to thank someone who has done you a favor or shown you kindness) It-5 3/LÍ tlLlf wedding anniversary X < well iiiZA, marriage lc*i>i-f suit, look good on iilLtf anniversary 129 II. Mrs. Matsui, who lives next door to the Greens, has received a bunch of peaches from a friend, so she brings some to Mrs. Green. íiľ: Zbtzt>\Z t ií tz<ÍL tb^ílŕz, ZK, ťl?o Matsui: I received a lot of peaches from a friend. Please take some. Green: Thank you very much. VOCABULARY peach Notice an item of clothing or an accessory that someone else is wearing and compliment him or her on it. Refer to Exercise V-C as necessary. -■'v mvxmufjttms.mti'w v ™?> <^p^v 130 EXPRESSING GRATITUDE C i) TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith, who visited Mr. Takahashi's house yesterday, phones Mr. Takahashi. Before getting to the point of the call, Mr. Smith thanks Mr. Takahashi for his hospitality. X;X: UH, /c^ULi^ tirz'))*<£ ? C SV i L/ŕo t T í, /■^liL : vu^, ť ň ^fzlí L T„ *>ŕzlŕzt>-b ŕzŕzTl' was fun fz we iŕz again ÍTnr> n n n ^ n n<~» nrvn n< innnon nr 2. ayf- h ■" .r/ ŕr r, r, n/ i/ ^ o n/ ~\ "O/ v 3f \ o Ti/ £- r \^' r\l i \r> o / ^ L \n 3. »'-yy-t-ii, 4. •> 3 - KEY SENTENCES 1. í «Ť li ÍĽ^o^T-fo 2. $<7)ŤC0 fíio'jli [z-^K'^X'Lŕz 1. It was cold yesterday. 2. Yesterday's festival was lively. — 132 f:Ř r>T-t boring, tedious '<-y>-b-;U clearance sale T-f bad > 3 — show «i oij festival EXERCISES —_——__-—_——-_—_—— jf lj I. Repeat the adjectives below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. A. Practice conjugating — v * adjectives. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff neg. aff. neg. cold ÍĽ^Tt íí;<^tí- iĽ^o/iT-t ití<+ct--,ŕzT-t hot *ontt #>-?<^T-f *>07}^/;T1- *o< ír^/bT-f fun ŕz T"t /bOTl <^Tt ZbWL^o/bT-t ŕ:í)L <«'o/:Tt good VHVT1- J: <íi-^T-f Ifr-oŕzT-t J: <«^>cTt bad fr-S^Ti" ^4<ť^T-t bifriŕzTt +9-S <1i'í^/;T^ interesting fct l^T-f Ti" tit Lí^o/:Tt tasty ť^a^rt íii>U^vtt fc^l^oŕcTi" íí^L UÍ-tíX Jftl'Tt/: S*u*Tli ü'Ji-öXTlr: quiet lively l-f^T-f li*^TIi;fc'Ji-tiX Lfii-TLr: Li*^TI± áó'Ji-ttATL/c Ic-v^Ti" Icí'ť^Tlifc'Ji-tíX Kí'ť^Tlŕ;: Ic-äf^^Tli &'Já-ti:/CTl/; II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples. A. Give one's opinion about a movie. ex. Z3-|i **U*TL/c, ............................................................................................................................................................. (Icí'f^Tt) D. Give one's opinion about a festival. ex. í CO -j co fctoijli i: j'ť^Tli&'J í-tŕ/CTL/ŕ. ............................................................................................................................................................. (ÍHi>Tt) III. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. Use the words in parentheses as a guide. A. Ask someone's opinion about an experience. ex. tf^t h: $ CO ? CO ž.^t
  • frr>tzT1ľ-/)\ ■ŕ-r-V: lii\ tí í L6-6^ŕzr-to XÍX: m'i, tí t V-h < tL-fr-oŕzT-to 1. 'x^tb:.......................................................................... (,'<-Ť-i-)tô'L ťi'U'Tt) ■^ + >: ........................................................................... X i X:.......................................................................... 2. tt^tJh:.......................................................................... (ti í-o'), IC í'f ^Tt) -f-f >: ........................................................................... (/cCOli'Tt) (ti i l^Tt) very not very j=3 £ ^J A. *& H ^ ^ 0^C JU \ s-^^ c-» ^o^ľí'1 J very not very B. Ask and give one's opinion about an experience. ex. frľ. i: í CO i CO ^--ř-f -IÍ ŕiTL/:^ X í X:* i'J /-cCOL < Kfr^ŕzT-t. 1. ^£ 7 :.............................................................................................................................. p y+ŕ- h) *■ + >:.............................................................................................................................. C. 'i>Tt) X = X:.............................................................................................................................. (i'i-Tt) 2. i^£ ?:.............................................................................................................................. (»'-yy-b-zl,) ■f -ť >:.............................................................................................................................. (f t * *T"t) X ; X:.............................................................................................................................. (ft*. >Tt) O IV. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples. A. Use appropriate expressions when giving or receiving gifts. ex. ft>: L * i i-oi: í 1 7 ľ. K ^ÍÍL/1:. :*!, liil« tí AflfT'to ŕif. t-f í: áS'J^UT" :*Í*i>Ít. i_ii^.l± iTŤTL/;^. 1. -ŕ-t-V:............................................................................................................................... (ío(íí) tt í:.............................................................................................................................. (5 o (f ■$) ■ŕ -t- >•:............................................................................................................................... (H'i *Tt) 2. -f f >:............................................................................................................................... (I± - to- tiLÜL) ■ft"Í:.............................................................................................................................. (tiLÜL) ■f- + V:............................................................................................................................... (tzlJ^U 1 Z"*^í Ltzo tri ^'L^o/ctf. 1. ^ -V- V: ......................................................................................................................................... (,zi y-i—y *-,.;:. 7c<7)lv*T"-f) í^tľb:......................................................................................................................................... 2. -r + >": ........................................................................................................................................ Oí\j:*ff> HA. íiil^T-f) íť^^i; t:......................................................................................................................................... C. Make a telephone call. ex. -f i1 Z: t L j L. fr^ťbg/C<0 £/čb^Ui'ít^ ^;Ľbť5/C<7) ^**<: l±o0 ŕ,jt -,£ ťiM/:íi\ 1. i-fS: .......................................................................................................... (Í33Í/C) í í í í L/:Tt that's good I'diUciT be (honorific word for i> i +) ± fj> A Mayumi (female first name) t> i ->1L tí í t, (tž í i > please wait a minute (politer way of saying t,t->Z ÍiT(ř:Í»'l SHORT DIALOGUE fri The morning after receiving some peaches from Mrs. Matsui, Mrs. Green happens to run into mm Mrs. Matsui. She thanks her for the peaches. /ij_y: * |± í, í, Ý Í)'H^ Ť Z'i'^t L/čo £Tt fc^L^o Green: Matsui: Green: Matsui: Good morning. Good morning. r the peaches you gave us yesterday. They were very tasty. hat'c nnnH Thank you fort... ,------ Were they? That's good. Ask people for their impressions of places, movies, or other things or events. Refer to Exercise III. *, " www f iV-^'qží 'r^'W W^Wíŕi!^^^^ ""^S** m hCJ,'% ** 7 GOING TO A FESTIVAL The Japanese calendar is lined with seasonal festivals and events. Seasonal festivals such as cherry blossom viewing in spring and firework displays in the heat of summer are held to appreciate nature at its best. Festivals to celebrate a good harvest are held mainly in autumn, whereas those meant to invoke one are held in spring. At these fetes, people carry around portable shrines, or o-mikoshi, and the men often wear happi coats designating neighborhood associations. Many festivals attract large crowds, and famous ones such as the Sapporo Snow Festival or the Gion Festival in Kyoto are always packed with people. UNIT« # GRAMMAR Inviting Someone to Do Something and Making Suggestions_______________ \verb-RMLfr I verb - i L J: i ex. v>o L J: i: *>*<ÍU i** á-tfXíK "Won't you go to Asakusa with (me)?/What do you say to going to Asakusa together? Xx/liw u?iUi. "Yes, let's go." The verb— HtLfr pattern is used to invite someone to do something. Appropriate replies are as follows. 1. Acceptance: a. X Ž./\X\ \ verb- í L J: 7 „ "Yes, let's [verb]." b. **/liv\ -tfi>„ "Yes, I'd love to." 2. Refusal: i'/C*l/CT1-<5, t:"ü! hii>Tt. "I'm sorry, but it-wouldn't be convenient (for me)." The verb - i I Jt 7 pattern is generally translatable as "let's." I verb- í L í 7 fr ex. ťz? f>\'íli -jtK "Where should we meet?" The verb- í L j i f pattern is used to invite someone to decide a time, place, etc. for something. Offering to Do Something I verb - í l Jt 7 fr ex. I: t -r> £ i *> ä L 1 7 fr, "Shall I carry your luggage?" The verb- i L i 7 fr pattern is also used when offering to do something for someone. Appropriate replies are as follows. 1. Acceptance: x.*/Iii\ íifctfn* L R-f* "Yes, please." 2. Refusal: i »i»*. It-? 3-7 ft» "No, thank you." 140 INVITATIONS C »1 TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Kato invites Mr. Smith to a festival in Asakusa. ?ír£ 1 : *,^T-?T ^ý i-t+/U\ x-x:íi LíLn. ř:T ^iiUi^ ^£ Ť : áóí < í tLÍco tííh n í o <" ŕ, t í)^i-tí:/C^„ x i x : Iívn0 iXĽi: íi^iUih friĹň . 1 o ľi± *r-5T-ftf\> x í x : 10 ĽTtft. Ľ f, c:" J; ť í/'i^c Kato: Mr. Smith, there is a festival in Asakusa this Saturday. Won't you go with me? Smith: That would be nice. Let's go. How should we go? Kato: Would you like to go by subway? Smith: Let's do that. Where should we meet? Kato: Would you like to meet at the ticket gate at Asakusa Station? Smith: All right. What time should we meet? Kato: How about 10:00? Smith: 10:00, then. Well, I'll see you on Saturday. ■ On Saturday there is a festival in Asakusa, so Mr. Smith is going to Asakusa with Mr. Kato. VOCABULARY i'tUi: ^ít-ČLfr i>iiLti #>Í5 < í Ä Ž fr^i^Ct, ť i r-tfr fr i? there is/are going to be (see Note 1 below) together won't you go (with me}? let's go shall we go? Asakusa Station ticket gate how is ... ? because (particle; see Note 3 below) 141 1. *i < 5 T ťio'Jí« Jfc'Ji-f. í) U i "f can also be used in the sense of "take place" or "happen." The place where the event happens is followed by the particle T. 2. Ľ ť. cťj. Ťí/'l;» £* J: Ť y' I: is short for if J; Ť í/U £^i l Jt ô , "let's meet on Saturday." Japanese people often refer to the next meeting rather than saying good-bye. ex. Ľ f, ítz AL/;. "Well then, (see you) again tomorrow." 3. ZLlVlV) ťXlUK ii)■■•/ů— Lí>>' li Íl' Wc iv i>H > fireworks display rj> í á "5 'I snow festival ^--/f)— soccer lá Íl' 1/ fireworks ri> * snow L i>L v game, match fz\*ti^\* large gathering II. Parts of a station: [00 iL* | ^ © miiiiiiiuuim © IOQŽ-* / © n mm f f® N 1 / //////nm wvwwvww ®<^ 1 STATION | <=£>© a o ty® 1. *-A 2.^ U <-^ 3. ICLC*, 4. c/^lC*, 5. 5/c<"^ 6. A'i'Afi II. Variations on the - i -f form: go see do meet v-i-ř V- í L Je i v-i-ttZ^ Ail J: 7................... Li-r Lí'LJ:!................... *i'l L Jt Ť i'íílJt?^ AÍLJ:?^ LÍLj:?^ *^i L Jt -5^ ^ŕä-tf/U- A á i/U* ili'I^ í>v Ná -tr/C^- KEY SENTENCES 1. Lf*7Íoic i^Ljil: x-^^í Äi-tŕ^'i^ 2. x^^í Ä á L Jt i o 3. íl-Icý ^íLt?h 4. iťJ: 7 tfU *>2<ť5T fci-p'J^ *>U±"f. 5. 2^hn|; l/X^yí' áS'JÍ-f^t. l/Xl-7>T lJ:<Ľ£ li-tŕ/U\, 1. Would you like to see a movie with me over the weekend? 2. Let's see a movie. 3. What should we eat? 4. There's a festival in Asakusa on Saturday. 5. There's a restaurant on the second floor, so won't you have a meal with me there? VOCABULARY 1 platform entrance north exit south exit i:l<-<; west exit Ui'lCt, east exit EXERCISES ■ J^l I Invite someone to do something. Make up sentences as in the example. ex. UiZ'liLi f:<í-t — U-ZZ'ttLt: /b<á•tí:^^ 1. 3 - t - £ íOAÍt -*................................................................................ 2. ÍA7Í L i -r ~*............................................................................... s-ľJ II- Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. ) \ A A. Invite someone to do something and accept one's invitation. ex. A: L * 7 í -3 U i>oLj:i: x.v^£ Až-tŕX^N, B:Ü, Aj In. 1. A: 2. A: 3. A: 4. A: Invite someone to do something and refuse one's invitation. ex. A: L i* 7 i"3i: i'tUI: x.ľ^£__Ái-ti:/C?5N 3: í'Xta/CT-f^ oC'ii' bZ^T-to 1. A:. B:.. sumo wrestling I'm sorry, but it wouldn't be convenient (for me) i— 144 2. A: B:. 3. A: B: 4. A: B: III. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples. A. Decide what to do. ex. A: ÍĽi: £ fz-<í L X 1 ^o B: T/Cô°b£ rzJh * í t) B:................................................................................................................................................ (j^yX. r- $ 7ín>i-f) B:.................................................................................................................................. (Ľ'Jc i V) A:.................................................................................................................................. 2. A:.................................................................................................................................. (o'ily t L á +) B:.................................................................................................................................. (ŕj^ľfo) A:.................................................................................................................................. 145 I C, Decide where to do something. ex. A: cťZT" &i'í L J: 1 fr B: XŽ A: 9 liXw ixt 1. A XX., í? Li Lj: ŕ ...(/:-< i i") (ABCt'íU: ľľ WI-TVi5 /;<ÍA *ij ä-f, ABC Ľ/U T ŕ: 'J i-f, :íut (±4- L S- Lit) A:. . ^« IV. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. Saturday ihi 'J ¥ * 'J í t o 1.......................................................................................................................................... 2.......................................................................................................................................... 3.......................................................................................................................................... lii-lí L i Ť talk 146 Invite someone to an event and accept one's invitation. ex. A: cl'Jt 1 lf\Z Í,JTto£ L Jt -9Í\ fr^Ľk: L/UfLx.*T' *^i-tŕ/U\, X í X: íx, íi LiLii. 1. XJX: .................................................................................................. (/^>L^/L. '?-ŤM-) ^Ľb:................................................................................................ X = X: .................................................................................................. tt-frtJi,:................................................................................................ (L/CĽ») X i X: .................................................................................................. 2. X£X: .................................................................................................. (£•? * J: -5*-/U. =7 >+>—(-) t'^Üb:................................................................................................ X = X: .................................................................................................. iii-ťb:................................................................................................ {tLli il ÍÍ < Shinjuku (district in Tokyo) L Lii L Shimbashi (district in Tokyo) t -j J j; -j ,-fc — yU Tokyo Hall (fictitious building name) ■t- —'U (concert) hall 147 I |4 VI. Invite someone out to eat. Make up a dialogue based on the information in the illustrations. 1. -ff*:.. 2. -f--f>:. 3. -tľí:. 4. -ŕ-t-V:.. 5. -ŕ-fí:.. 6. -f-ťS:.. _ 148 7. -f-t-^:............................................ 8. -ti"i:............................................ 9. -tľS: Ľí, iTJ: -5 t/K. 10. -r-r^: U f. í/;« CD) VII. Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. im X í X í Hi........................................T........................................U i:ooi: v n $ i -f. SHORT DIALOGUES : ř,^L»-> XÍXÍX.Č ŕ-XÍ li-f. Ť+VSX'í. Nakamura: I'm going to be playing tennis with Mr. Smith next week. Won't you join us, Ms. Chan? Chan: Thank you, I'd love to. VOCABULARY ^f y- by all means, certainly /:^IÍL:X;XÍ^ aL^fl \zt,lilf\Z 7*>T XiX: *>'}>»<£-5 rtfoi-r. tflA. "f" -( —Ý Takahashi: Mr. Smith, I'm having a party at my house this Sunday. Won't you come? Smith: Thank you. I certainly will. VOCABULARY s<— f--( — £ L í-f have a party CESIU When inviting someone to your own home, use the phrase í í -tí: A #\ Appropriate replies are x. X / liv\ Ü1)^ 7 C*5*^i-r ("yes, thank you") or, to decline the offer, SXfcXyT-fi}*. oíi*! foáv *Ti~ ("I'm sorry, I'm afraid it wouldn't be convenient [for me]"). 149 PARTICIPATING IN A FESTIVAL CI 1 TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith meets Mr. Suzuki, who is wearing a happi coat, and calls out to him. fr£ 1 X I X -f-f í X i x x í x ■t-r i X i x í>, X;XÍ/C„ X ;*$/,£ WoUi: ÍÍÄZl Ti. [±iVt* *'J ±-tŕ>Co fc<&Zl£ ^o*'i-fo Kato: Oh, Mr. Smith, there's Mr. Suzuki over there. Smith: You're right. Mr. Suzuki! Suzuki: Oh, Mr. Smith. Would you like to carry the o-mikoshi with us? Smith: But I don't have a happi coat. Suzuki: Shall I lend you mine? Smith: Is it all right with you? Suzuki: Yes, I have two. Smith: Thank you. I'll ask you to do that, then. ■ Mr. Smith has met Mr Suzuki in Asakusa They will carry the o-mikoshi together VOCABULARY ií/C sr -5 true ÜAZ I portable shrine (carried during festivals) í^í'it carry (on one's shoulders) T" t but It iV happi coat br: Iff) mine íMi L j: Ť4- shall 1 lend you? frli-t lend 150 is it all right? (expressing reserve) have (see Note 1 below) 1. (bŕzHi) \t-r,m* *U i-ttX,. & 'j í "f can also be used in the sense of "have" or "own.' r RftACTia WORD POWER - (H I. Verbs: L^Lí-t 2. olTi-f 3. ItLi-f 4. t ŕ, í "t B !i 5. *ltii" 6. L*ii-f 7. (l«-l/C£) ü'Ji-t ^Itit ItLÍ-f. tt,í-t lend turn on turn off carry, hold Í) It i -f open L *■> í -f close, shut (Ift/C?) C 9 £ -f take (a photograph) L <■ L ^ photograph 151 II. Words that can be used with $> U í -f ("to have"): 1. MfrL 2. K 1. Shall I draw a map? 2. Mr. Smith has two movie tickets. 2i^ *'j±-r. EXERCISES 41 áNž I. Offer to do something. Make up sentences as in the example. ex. I ť IA £ t'Ji-f— 1*>LX,£ ^ 'j i L Jt Ť ^ 1. *>1*£ ií^ii- -►.............................................................................. 2. C« (l/CÍ ^lii" -►.............................................................................. >— 152 Utf^ time Ľ it í" J; i class £"f map 0//er to do something and accept or reject one's offer. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. X í X: [Z j-o í jt,il X it" -f-f'í: ^n>i, It-o Z •? T-fo 1. X = X: .. ítfrĽt:.. 2. X; X: .. t f*: .. 3. X = X: .. 4. X = X: . t-fí: . i;t-> FT if xrny luggage, baggage door window air conditioner 153 III. Sřaře what one has. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the words suggested by the illustration. 10:00 12:00 Free 15:00 Meeting 18:00 Mon Tue Japanese Lesson Wed Thu Off ex. h ŕ: Hi tifrftfr Jh^t-tc 1.......................................................................................... 2.......................................................................................... 3.......................................................................................... 4.......................................................................................... 5.......................................................................................... 6.......................................................................................... IV, Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples. A. Offer to lend someone something, giving a reason for doing so, and accept one's offer. ex. A:(br;lU) frjfr 1\IL *> 'J í "f frh. fr L í L J: i frQ B: l±v\ títefr^l í-f o 1. A:...................................................................................................................................................... ( DVD, Ait) 2. A:. (í^tí'w Jo,;:, ^i i-f) o - V. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples. A. Refuse an invitation by stating one's situation. ex. -t-fi: x.^fr^, ZUÍL ^Lji: oíí-tírX^N, ■f-+>:-rAi-iŕx:, zUiL \1 frA.fr &>)í-ČLo i-fi:^jT-ffro Ľf, iŕz ZLťo 1. -t-f i i-ťi 2. "f f í •t-f*: (ŕi^í' £>'JÍ+) (l^íl/.r<75 Ľ * *' J: T 75^" ft'Já-f) B. Invite someone to do something. ex. X a X: -f -f' í i X,, í,nUí i'tUI: J/b7ž L ä-tŕ/^j5^ ■f-Ti-.Tt. 9 ý y'fr í»'Ji^. 1. x =X:............................................................................... (X+-) ■f ľ i X i x -f-f í (£"•) <") C^|í^ this evening á /c 3 /C £' next time y?/ golf dub )£ ? <' tool, equipment 155 i 2. X ;X:............................................................................... (ŕ-X) 1-ŤÍ:.............................................................................. (7ír-y H X í X:............................................................................... t f í:............................................................................... ■ 4 VI. Offerto help someone. Make up a dialogue based on the information in the illustrations. 1. -t-fi: 2. XÍX: 3. -T-fi: 4. X;X: VII. Listen to the CD and answer the question based on the information you hear. 7 *T y Y racket 3 ť— ŕ L í -f make a photocopy 156 SHORT DIALOGUES I. At the festival site, Mr. Smith accidentally steps on someone's foot. X i X: ab, -fAi-tŕ/Co /c^Ľ Jt Ť.i'T-f^, tlL+£ Ľ Je Ť.r-T-t^ -f Aá-tiXTl/b painful, ouch! are you all right? I'm sorty (for what I did a while ago) II. Mr. Kato calls out to Mr. Smith, who appears to be ill. X;X:íi^ Z.Y-LW bZ^LT-fo X i X: |i^„ ^ J: o£ ^-fAi Li 1, Kato: Are you all right? Smith: I'm feeling a bit out of sorts. Kato: There's a bench over there, so let's take a little break. Smith: All right. VOCABULARY l feel out of sorts: I don't feel well bench rest, relax, take time off You have two tickets for an event. Invite someone to that event. 157 Qüim3(Units6-7|: O Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with the appropriate particle. Where a particle is not needed, write in an X. 1. -f-r-VÍ/Ltä tz^\±HL{ )lit'č tM>ÍU:. 2. btzL\i tzLttitHz liliu x 77-7 ( )í>lfil/c„ 3. ťXllflz Í>Í<ÍT íi±oiJ( )#>Uí-fo 4. fc>/illi < -5Í ( ) h 'J i -to 5. ^/illi X^^'co J-,.v( )2i^( )áS'Jí-f. §]g Complete each question by filling in the blank with the appropriate word. 1. t 1 í «t i l/X b 7 >U ( ) l/X r--7VT-ftf\, 2. xíxíAlit )U ž.\.^*li áSí'J( Ml-f>T"ř) 4. ?C0Ť<7) '*-fM-li i:Tt( MUÍ*^^T"t) 5. íflifl jô^'li ás±'J( MíiU^-Tt) ■TO Change the words in parentheses to the forms that are appropriate in the context of the dialogue. LmiiTi: i>oLti: ;i^?£ ( ),(Aif) «, AiLj: i. £ Ť S J: Ť i? li ťi T-ft\ JLT3SŽ ( )o(-5ltí-f) :^h **. It t C i Ti"» Tli, i í;"ý ( )„(í>iti-t) 1. A: 2. A 158 UNIT ■a i II 8 ^ ON BUSINESS OUTSIDE TOKYO Looking at Japan from a satellite, one would be surprised to see how mountainous the country is. In fact, about 73 percent of the land is mountain terrain. Another notable point is that because the country stretches more than 3,000 kilometers from northeast to southwest, its climate varies considerably according to latitude; and this in turn has given rise to differences in ways of life and a variety of local dialects. The city of Sapporo on the island of Hokkaido in northern Japan (see photo above) is both a tourist and a business destination. Other such cities include Osaka, Niigata, Nagoya, and Fuku-oka. (See map on front end paper.) UNIT 8 GRAMMAR The — T Form Japanese verbs have several forms Japanese verbs have several conjugated forms. All the verbs presented so far have been in, or derived from, the - í ~t form. Now we'll look at a new form, the - T form. How to form the - T form Japanese verbs are divided into three classes according to their conjugations: Regular I, Regular II and Irregular. The - T forms of Regular II and Irregular verbs always end with - T: the - t i" comes off and — T is added to the stem. The — T forms of Regular I verbs vary, as shown in the following chart. REGULAR 1 REGULAR II buy tfn>i-r *-oT eat ŕz<í-ť ŕz-T see Aá + AT IRREGULAR come íit í T read drink J:AT LX do it-r LT turn off itli-t 1+1 T NOTE: A more detailed explanation of the grouping of Japanese verbs is given in Unit 9 Grammar, p. 178. How the - T form is used The - T form occurs in the middle of a sentence ex. 7*U-Íi/U± i,|ííLLíi: ^oT. iuŤÍ/Jc *>v>i-f. "Mr. Grey will go to the Sapporo branch office and meet Mr. Sato." or is combined with < ti 2 i > to form a polite imperative. ex. il 9 d 7'£ fc < o T < ŕ; i v >o "Please send a catalog." When one action is followed by another, the first clause is terminated by a verb in the — T form. In this type of sentence, the subject of the first and second clause must be the same. The - T form can be used to link up to three clauses, in which case the verbs of the first two end in the — T form. The - T form cannot be used if the moods and tenses of the clauses it combines are not the same. For example, the following two sentences cannot be connected using the — T form: 1. Statement: b tz L li i-oS-t* 2i>> &') i -f„ "I have two tickets." 2. Suggestion: #> L tz v»oLjti: jí^jí** Ai-tirX,^,, "What do you say to seeing a movie together tomorrow?" Furthermore, if the first clause contains a motion verb like ^ í i "ŕ, í i "f, or fri. 'i i "f, the verb in the second clause must express an action that occurs in the location to which the subject went in the first clause. For example, * ■) *L*\~ i'oT, U-ZZ'liL* tz^< i L tz ("Yesterday I went to Ginza and ate lunch [there]") is correct, but í n "SL^K woT. L.i'-V'T ířží 11 ^ "f tz<í L f z ("Yesterday I went to Ginza and ate lunch in Shibuya") is incorrect, since the act of eating took place in Shibuya, not Ginza. 160 TALKING ABOUT PLANS C 0 TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Chan is talking with Ms. Sasaki about her sudden business trip. í í í : liw. **>:f>lŕz lloiH^'it li/.lío^í'tf* &'Ji-f^b, *-+ y : cr-tŕX 10Ľ^b C"Z" 3 ĽiTT-f. ^>í'W *>£ £>íoT lil7cT<7) Ť33l/-KŤCn? AT, 1 Ľ «O íi:ÍÍT c^9$.J;ŤIC Ti^'JÍ-fo í í í : b^'J i L/c» Tli, $£ ->ltT„ U- h C -? Ľ Jt ? Ý AT, K ô í J: 9 ic tfX'Ji-to Chan: Ms. Sasaki, do you have a moment? Sasaki: Yes, please (tell me what you want to talk about). Chan: There's a sales meeting in Hokkaido tomorrow, so I'm going to Sapporo. Sasaki: What time does the meeting start? Chan: It's from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. After the meeting, I'll go to the Sapporo branch office and meet Mr. Sato. The day after tomorrow, I'll see the chocolate factory in Hakodate and fly back to Tokyo on a 1:00 (p.m.) flight. Sasaki: I see. Well then, take care. ■ Ms. Chan is going to Sapporo tomorrow. The day after tomorrow she will see a chocolate factory and return to Tokyo. VOCABULARY li/Cli'^ ~<7) i>£T \xzt-:x Z Ť Ľ X i $ í ol+T do you have a moment? good, al! right (polite form of ^ \ used in interrogative sentences) Hokkaido (the northernmost of the main islands of Japan) sales, marketing after Sato (Surname) Hakodate (city in southern Hokkaido) factory, manufacturing plant take care 161 ĽfcliiJ '.''•■■•...-■ This expression is used to get the attention of someone who is in the midst of something. > WORD POWER ■ (Pi The - T form: KEY SENTENCES sa- 1. 2. 3. 1. ,2. 3. XíXíAli íco-7 [ILK3K v^T, CLJt£ íh>íL/;. XiXíAli tfn^'fl í*_\z 3 ť- f Lít, X-Xiili 5<75ť ^o-ř-f-c0 £,£T f7-/-T i i^iz frž.<)t L/b„ Mr. Smith went to a bookstore yesterday and bought a dictionary. Mr. Smith will make copies before the meeting. Mr. Smith went home by taxi after yesterday's party. -0) ÍZI- before 162 EXERCISES' ' '% I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their — T forms. - it FORM - T FORM -it FORM - T FORM buy fr^iir i^T turn off It Lit It L T meet return, go home *i*it áSoT eat /;-<ít AltT fri'lE-t WoT open *itit go write listen (to), ask ^*it frit-t an-«Ait *OtT close Lrtit LAT rfH>T turn on -3 It Í Ť o It T $^T OT A r see come Ait í it- AT *T drink read XAi-t J: AT do Lit LT *irregular inflection Practice the - T form. Change the following verbs to their -T forms, ex. ŕz<ÍÍ~~* ŕ:i'ít -*............................................................. 9. Lit -►........ 5. fr Ž. <)tÍ-->............................................................. 10. ^ í Í t -►........ ■Jfe III. Express a sequence of actions. Combine the sentences below as in the example. ex. /->\,t í^íito Hi i) Or. — /-lit: i^'T, &< 'J it. 1. T/Cíí -3 It i t» KTÝ Lrtit. 2. TA^Ii'Ac'Ť í ííit. TAfc>£ Lit. 3. 7*>T liAÝ J: A i t. UtK— h iE- frit-f. T/C í (electric) light report 163 IV. Ask and answer what one will do. In answering, express a sequence of actions. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the appropriate forms of the alternatives given. ex. A:*»L/i ii:í li-fiK 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... ď L* T fr^i-^N,U: **Sät) V. Express a sequence of actions. Combine the sentences below as in the example. ex. t*.ic í £-ti:/U\ ía <£>::"li/C£ /č^í-tir^o 1. x-xi/Ci; *i'iLř:. >>oUi; ŕ-xi LiU;. 2. KTÍ *>ltiLJ: Ť^„ T/C$Ý ->lt i l J: Ť d\, VI. Ask and answer what one did. In answering, express a sequence of actions. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the appropriate forms of the alternatives given. ex. A:íí)i Í.-I:? líl/c^o 1. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... (^-o(í/C*'i: i>íít. Li<Ľ$ Li-f) 2. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... B:........................................................................................................................................................................... í/Ľ i»"3i^A art museum Jjjs; VII. State wftflf someone will do before or after a given event. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Use the information in the illustration as a guide and substitute the underlined parts in each example with the alternatives given. ex. 1. c*c" 7U^b ^j>* äs'J i-to ±^_££ >H*á-f) . 2. C* C* 7 Ľ 4N b ^-ŕ-f-^ *> 'J i "to >*-Ť- 4 - í> £ T 9 9is-T 1%\~ ^^.'Jí-t. (vín**, r i Ui /CK *>**i-f) 165 VIII. Ask and answer what one did after work. In answering, express a sequence of actions Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. A:i)->■$ Liz r Lb* Lii". 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.................................................................................................................................................................................... X. Talk about a plan. Make up dialogues on the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex. ÍÍÍ ■ŕ* y H -\ ^ 1. i í í: í 5 í 2. í í $ ■ŕ-v-vi/L, jíh^í'o *čt £*: ľíit^ ■ý -5 T-f-ó- ■ T, faJL-KŤĽní ^Í-T. (foY;ž, -TLÍ ŕ:ŕŤw £AW£ !»H>á-t) XI. Listen to the CD and choose the correct answer to the question asked, a) r ja/cESVex Hfc C -j 's Kobe (city near Osaka) iH'J'f L i + hold a meeting £ /; á Otaru (city in Hokkaido) SHORT DIALOGUES CD. I. Mrs. Green is planning a party. She calls up Mrs. Matsui to invite her. II 7*>j-y: \z\iL\iL\z ixin3^(, lilitf* íít^í,. Nakamura: Will you go to the party tomorrow? Chan: No, I will not. Nakamura: Why (not)? Chan: Because my mother is visiting (lit, "will come") from Hong Kong. why (particle indicating a purpose) 168 Tell someone what you did yesterday. Then talk about your plans for the coming weekend. MAKING A REQUEST CI TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Chan has come to Sapporo to attend a sales meeting. i-f$ : *K j-\y*L. tíi±J:-5crír^i-r. -t-fsr-r. f + y:^i S o If 3 K ^í-ŕ. -fAi-tiXtf«, /-'L-Tfcŕcí» L o L±iUL. íite^ Li-r„ ■ f-t^S/Ui íoif^f, ií/cl^o i-fís/^ t%^£ Li L/čo -t-f$í/Cli ^-ťVSXJ:: /-y|/T í./;bL^ L j: -9 ?>/Cco íj9^7")ĺ ^yy'ii፠3. iH*iT 4,ŕiLiít 5. toTÍ i T 6. £ iťltíŤ 7. í ŕ, Í T 170 ií'Ui-f turn t-sTíít bring Ľ*í>i-r stop, park Z-č\1i-f deliver wwi-r say t%Řir wait £ L i. t -t teach, show, tell Positions and directions: /Jib© \ si I / ® X bank y v v k ÍH 3 A A A ' ® © ® A® %— —f • ' i f® @, ® ^ I J 2. LAc'i 3. ^cT 4. i"LZiíít III. Means of communication or delivery: 1.7T-/7X 2. C 7 < i íf L 3. .l^lfL 4. /;< liwtf/C C Ť í T L intersection L L C* i traffic signal í- f corner T í x. just before li A í' before ahead left right y-f<- 7T-/7Z straight ahead (particle indicating a point of passage) fax Z 9 < ? č//C airmail .i-tilfJL surface mail ŕz < li\ *£AA courier service 171 1 KEY SENTENCES ■ i. 11 w^' u,T< t£*\\ 3. o?« I/CCťÝ Áí*i: ±7Í*oTíf V^T wait ít,i-f ioT turn •:.' t^'ií-t iíí'oT take lend K'Ji-f show A-tri + A-tí-T stop tr^äi" tell fcl*S-f ULÍT deliver sťiti-f i: ťitx bring íoTíít t^TÍT Make a request. Make up sentences as in the example. ex. tíxí rf^i-f —tri/tí rf^T< £í^. 1. ^->i: i^i-f -*.......................................................................... 2. I Y- L/C £ ü'Ji-t -►.......................................................................... 3. ti \^t>ť v u < i -t -»■.......................................................................... 4. -<> £ *X i Ť -►.......................................................................... B. f+ŕÝ iíťltí-f -*.......................................................................... — 172 T*f next Ä-tíľ i "f show t'-f pizza III. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, changing their forms as necessary. A. Make and accept a request. ex. A:-fAí-tŕ/C, h \sZ\-yxn frixS feUT'. 1. A:....................................................................................................... (/-/I/T KĽX, ii>íit) B:........................................................................................................ 2. A:....................................................................................................... (J-*-, A-tŕ i -f) B:........................................................................................................ 3. A:....................................................................................................... (vín n í« l'J J: Ť, ioTíít) B:........................................................................................................ B. Malce and accept a request to send something by a certain means. ex. A:XJ_XÍXU J-HT L 'J J: 1 £ fc KVl lf <7) vgyvvi/C. Z 7 < Ť UX, ti 9 v 7) B:........................................................................................................................................................................... 3. A:.......................................................................................................................................................................... (KliiLLf« VtĹ. rJnt/X, :í)i:io) B:........................................................................................................................................................................... IV. Give directions to a taxi driver. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. A. ex. r>* í S) ^^3.— menu .;>7c~>*'> second L ') 1 7 data, information, material, ~*í> (suffix that attaches to a number and documents, literature turns it into an ordinal number) r)> i U L mail, post 173 V. Give directions to a taxi driver. Tell the driver to follow the route indicated by the arrows and to stop at the point indicated by the X. JP -±n 2. I [ B í 4. X t 8 -r>*<0 ZiiXLi Äí'lc Í^-?T ŕl/ť? £ £*ltT< /cí^o A-t+CO y.£- |i^o X-X: ŽL/:W CC ťť\ÍT £:. ť!V3>) (Í/Cuč/ot 2 Ľ áTi:) (V 7 r-) (Uŕ.iŤW'l:) C Ľ m Ť L J: í Tli (another person's) address by (the time) B. Give directions to a taxi driver. ' ex. f-i-V: Z 9 Í X 9 77-<0 ÍÍ^ÍT fc^A n l ä-f <, 9 ATA L i*: liv »„ _ •Ť+V: (after a while) o í" CO LiC'if frfc'J Ic Í^TÍí; i LT L L k>: li^„ f-ľ>: Í)CO L^p li;lCO jxT £*">T: lii>„ 9/CTAl*: í,'Jtf?c: 9 Cíf^í l/r, ~ 1 • *■ r >: .......................................................................................................... (6-otíL-Í'ZŤÍTL) 9 LT L L :.......................................................................................................... f- -*• >: .......................................................................................................... (A i") Ť LTLLrti:.......................................................................................................... — ^t>: .......................................................................................................... pyt'-í) Táx) 9 /CTA L tí:.......................................................................................................... 9 ATA L »:.......................................................................................................... ^-f>: .......................................................................................................... T LTLl >P:.......................................................................................................... — ^•ť>: .......................................................................................................... 2. -f -ť >: .......................................................................................................... ( L.r.^x. í) 9 /C T A L «>:.......................................................................................................... f" -f >: .......................................................................................................... (CA ti 'J) 9 A T L L *:.......................................................................................................... — •f- + >: .......................................................................................................... (7 y -> a y <7) ii) 9 A T A l tf:.......................................................................................................... 9 AT A l t*:.......................................................................................................... f- +>: .......................................................................................................... 9 ATA L »:.......................................................................................................... - ■ŕ+>: .......................................................................................................... £ 7 3 Jt ■} 7-7— Tokyo Tower ^ oliX,*'; -j i TA Roppongi Crossing i T to, as far as (particle) L.Wií Shibuya Station _ L -^ > white -7 y •> n y apartment (in a high-rise C i t thanks building), condominium (colloquial shortening of Z i t &<)ťi: i) 175 1 c* I VII. Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. ■f + y i /Cli.............................................i;..............................................t jí n v *' UZ:lt*.\ ;l/-Af-t'XTt. f-+V: -fAí-tŕ/C, 201« ^+>T-T^, U.i>i hotel employee: Yes, this is room service. Chan: This is Ms. Chan in room 201, Please bring me a blanket. hotel employee: Yes, will do. toTJ VOCABULARY l\z — A+J-— t"X room service t •} ,J, blanket II. Ms. Chan is checking out of the hotel. zco lcí,o£ 5ĽÍT iit>oT{/iii' č7£: \i\\ frfri) t Iŕzo f-+V: ft>: 7D V Y :^AmMwmm^txkmmgmmt!4ttm*!1»<<)@ 176 SEEING A MUSEUM From Western art to ukiyoe, and from cutting-edge technology to ghosts and goblins, Japan is abundant in museums of all sorts. Among the many museums in the Tokyo area are the Edo-Tokyo Museum, which showcases architecture and culture from an older Japan; the Ghibli Museum, which was designed and is under the supervision of the anime genius Hayao Miyazaki; and the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, where visitors can play with robots or take a ride in a spaceship module. Pictured here is the Tokyo National Museum, which houses paintings, sculptures, and other pieces from all regions of Asia. UNIT GRAMMAR The — ftv * Form Classifications of Japanese verbs As discussed briefly in Unit 8 Grammar (p. 160), Japanese verbs are divided into three classes based on their conjugations: Regular I, Regular II, and Irregular. The stems of Regular I verbs (the part just before the — ťt ending) end with -i, and they change as the verbs are conjugated. The stems of Regular II verbs, on the other hand, end with either -e or -i but remain the same even as the verbs are conjugated. There are only two Irregular verbs: l í ~f and í Or. For more on verb conjugation, see Appendix E, pp. 244-46. How to form the — i <• > form For Regular I verbs, the sound before — i ~t changes as shown in the chart below, and — i v * is added to obtain the -in form. For Regular II verbs, the rule is simpler: - i "f comes off and - i v * is added. The Irregular verbs have irregular conjugations. ."* REGULAR 1 buy iHAi-t tf'bin write frSUr w» return, go home í^Di-r fristen go nSi-f njpin wait i-Bti- ifcin read XBti-t J: Sin play *ÝUFi-r #>*ISÍn turn off 1+L.i-T ItS i n REGULAR II eat tz^t-r Win see »i-f »in show Alíi-t Alíi n be wi-i- Win IRREGULAR come ití-t Cin 1 do ui-r Uin How the - in form is used ex. C I U < ž i £ Ü *')inT< /i* in„ "Please do not park your car here." A negative verb used in mid-sentence usually takes the — in form rather than the — i -tŕX, form it has at the end of a sentence. For now, however, just remember the following use of the - in form: verb -inT< fc'in ("please do not. . ."). 178 GOING TO AN ART MUSEUM C U TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Nakamura recently heard that the Sakura Art Museum is open till 8 p.m. on Fridays. -ŕ-ť > : n\>T"tfto ^ÍÍLj:i„ ft ^ Ľ ŕ, : í: X, Ľ K ^^U? TÍLjf5ií\, f-^> : Z I^b í < ŕ, f/'Ľ yd-o^LíT £*£><* b o tf^'J ^•f > : Ľ<-, 6 ĽK ^(US T'i-tŕA^o tc^iĽb ■ Ü. ľí, #>L/; 6Ľi;„ Iv^b 5<^ĽDnHit 40ô^<"bo N^'Jit. Nakamura: Ms. Chan, how about going to the Sakura Art Museum tomorrow after work? Chan: That would be nice. Let's go. Nakamura: At what time should we leave the office? Chan: How long does it take to get from here to the Sakura Art Museum? Nakamura: It takes about forty minutes. Chan: Well, how about leaving the office at 6:00? Nakamura: OK. Tomorrow at 6:00, then. ■ Ms. Nakamura and Ms. Chan are going to the Sakura Art Museum tomorrow after work. They will leave the office at 6:00. It takes about forty minutes to get from the company to the Sakura Art Museum. Í < b y'Ľ ý» it-L Tí L J: ifr TíiT ť <" h n t-t-'lí-t Sakura Art Museum (fictitious museum name) (particle; see Note 1 below) shall we leave? leave how long take (time) 179 1 LtlijJ 1. íi^Ľi: fr^lvt: Tí L J: ?t5\ The particle Ý here indicates a point of departure. ex. 6 Ľ U i'l'Lii T" á i" o "I'll leave the office at 6:00." UĽi»-r>frHz -o í ä-f. "I'll arrive at the art museum at 7:00." UŤiniíT TXLvi: «0 'J i ?. "I'll board the train at Tokyo Station." PRACTICE WORD POWER' (flf? I. Verbs: .iX (frL) UĽrt T r.iX (tfX) 2X-Ľ fto.vA (frL) 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^t>CfrL {z Ľ frL i L C frL 1 t frL z:\LfrL h<, t frL ^t>\zt, .l.-ofr (frL) J+ifr (frL) X-ifr (frL) v>o^ (frL) V^fr (frL) NOTE: í L Ľ frLUL, three and a half hours (see also Appendix J, pp. 249-50) — 180 (frL) Z'foL (frL) ?> 7 tf'A NOTE: ^ *> ft L li A, one and a half years (see also Appendix J, pp. 249-50) KEY SENTENCES i. XíXHIi ÍŤÍiŤiíT TXLvi: W'Ji-f. 2. XiXÍ/Cli iXĽfí < X.ÍT TALíí fcUÍ-fo 3. ^3 Ťíli T walk L t» ť frL week(s) frlf-o month(s) (counter) HL (frL) year(s) iit? walk 181 II. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. A. State where someone will get on and off a means of public transportation. ex. XÍXÍ/Ui í:ťÍJ:UÍT' TXUI: iO'Jii". ILl^ix. $T ?A,l*£ fc'Ji-fo 1..................................................................................................... (i«i) 2..................................................................................................... (7 7 •>-) 3..................................................................................................... ('■>'*) 8. Stare a person's departure and arrival time. ex. ŕ: frill Í/Cti 7_Ľ_tl_JAí TÍ L/čo 8 Ľ U ýH'Lyl: OJÍ 1..................................................................................................... (10ĽI: tf-ŕ/U, 1 1 Ľi: i £ -? í j ?. i ľ cs ixin . Make up dialogues*following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words suggested by the illustrations. hfrifr fcfcTií 7:30 ~* unmanc — e—m :S ^ (f/ ne ~iví>_. ona d a a a a o d a a □ □ a 8:00 ***.;' i: 7 í Jt Ť A í ----------► st~f-- o a □ ío a ° " n d a a a a a a o "► f=r=í 7:00 iziiííi ľ. i í J: i £í _£:____£>_ O _£>. m —>? nm g-* El > ^ C — a a b 00 a a a n a q a a q > d a o 1 1 1 ^■j^oT how, in what way fiu'-SIr Akasaka (district in Tokyo) tí Ü X i t, Otemachi (district in Tokyo) £,i\>: Azabu (district in Tokyo) gm^gyu A. Ask and give the route by which one commutes to work. ex. ŕz frill: X i Xi/Ji cť-v^T fr*frT ijfrX^iz T H'iiir. ti&TĚt>frb fr^lftr í,žíit„ 1. ŕzfrltl: -í- -ť V Í5 /Cl±....................................................................................................................................... *\V: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2. tzfrlll: i-fH Ali....................................................................................................................................... ■t-f i: ........................................................................................................................................................................ B. Ask and answer what time one leaves home every day and what time one arrives at the office. ex. ŕz frill: ivMc*, fr/CĽU 7^£ Tťtfro X ; X: 7 Ľi: Tí-f» /b^l±L: ÍlXĽI: ^>Líi: -^íit^ X; X: 7 Ľ (A/C-tc o}íf0 1. /= jW± l:....................................................................................................................................................................... Ť+y: ........................................................................................................................................................................ ŕzfrltl:....................................................................................................................................................................... ft>: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2. ŕzfrlil:........................................................................................................................................................................ -Ť-fi:....................................................................................................................................................................... ŕzfrtil:....................................................................................................................................................................... i-f í: ........................................................................................................................................................................ IV. State how long one's commute to work is. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex.i%frb fr^lfit t,frTiT 4Q.'~A frfr>)iir0 1..................................................................................................................................................... (T'X L <•. M fr L) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (>■>-*. 4 5 .Í-/C) 183 V. Ask and answer how long it takes to get somewhere. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words suggested by the illustrations. ex. XiX: ťjšxjfri, $Jt7£iT iTflfb^ frfr<)±irfro ^ÜbiLUM^T 2 Ľ^/lIJX frfrVtlT» 1. X = X: ........................................................................................................................................................... ^Üb:.......................................................................................................................................................... 2. íc^Ľb:.......................................................................................................................................................... ^-+>: .......................................................................................................................................................... VI. Ask and answer how long one stayed in a certain place. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. X = X: rzfrliltHi rßCbP =-^-B-7\z ^ílŕ:i\ ŕzfriil:4fr vNjL/co 1. X ; X: .......................................................................................................................... (t>3>) ŕz-ó-lt L:.......................................................................................................................... (2 L m Ť j^X,) 2. X í X: .......................................................................................................................... (í,líí) /==4M± L:.......................................................................................................................... (5)Hfo) 3. X í X: .......................................................................................................................... (+f->X7>->X=7) ŕ;Mil:.......................................................................................................................... (3*1,0) fi ') ŕz < 7 Z 7 Narita Airport * > i "f be, stay — 3.-3 — 7 New York ■y- y X -7 V •> X 3 San Francisco VII. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. Talk about a summer vacation plan. tť^Ub: IUI1- ^-?T, i/ĽH>-?^/C£ ä i-f o -f-f'5: ^ŤT'-f^o cť<7)<*ŕ>vN ^?_ij_|c ^i-f7í\ tL-^'JĽ ŕ?: 1 l ľľ -7 frL ^i-f„ -f-f í: uoTtld. 1. "f-ťí: .......................................................................... f ^Ľ h:.......................................................................... (^ * - 3 - 7. = o. - •>" * ;l/) 1-f í: .......................................................................... (- ^ - 3 - 7) t^Ľ b:.......................................................................... (6 í\) t f í: .......................................................................... 2. 1-ťí: .......................................................................... t^Ľb:.......................................................................... (iní. &?b) 1-fS: .......................................................................... (Si^) ^ ^ V h:.......................................................................... (5 -h -•) -f-f Í: .......................................................................... B. Invite someone to an event and tell him or her what the departure time will be. ex.frZT:hlrz 1 1 Ľ^b Zii X -)*-ŕ/IT &frl:............................................................................... ,5^7:............................................................................... (fcfc'vMí, 3 0.;:/,. 1 0 Ľ(±/C) ■f- -t- >:............................................................................... 2. i^ Ť:............................................................................... (.IZUt) ft>:............................................................................... rf^-j:............................................................................... U Zlit. 1 Ľ^/Cli/,, <7 ĽliA) i--v y................................................................................ , í') Paris ; a. — v f] )l musical 7 i T fair 185 e «9 VIII. Talk about a flight itinerary. Complete the following dialogue using the information in the illustrations as a guide. 1. *\V: 2. >} tZiW>lf<^ L r UH: 5. -f+y: CDS IX- Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. íH^Lľ^b íOfAŕ"«- h i T...............................T............................... <"b^' .f. / /l ll' Honolulu 'IKŤi'i'Lf travel agency 186 SHORT DIALOGUE m Mr. Green wants to go to Kamakura. /'J-Vi-fAi-tr/C, :« TXL^Iä ^i: J: 3—. ..■íŕ/CT-ftfN, xí^A: iC-f^-tf/CT'-fo *,^ 1>)H^ 1 IdX-tíXT-fJ:. /■;->-:*)'J ^^ 9 C"Í'Vi-f0 Green: Excuse me. Does this train go to Kamakura? station employee: No, it doesn't. Please take the Yokosuka Line. Green: Yoko— . . . what is that? station employee: The Yokosuka Line. It's platform no. 1 on the first underground floor. Green: Thank you. VOCABULARY á í \*L Station employee J::f^i, Yokosuka Line —tfX (train) line 1 (iX-tr/C platform number one -fJX-t+A platform number 1. J: r—... 4XTŤÍ-. When you only hear one part of a word and want to ask someone to repeat it, say íŕ/CT"ŕ^ after the part of the word that you understood. If you're in Japan, ask a station employee the route and time required to get to a place you want to go to. ~^t^^l^ir^&sfäŕ^rF^%&?^&WT^&*®!^^W^&WT AT AN ART MUSEUM C Ukiyoe 1 TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Chan and Ms. Nakamura are looking at woodblock prints at the Sakura Art Museum. The two of them ask a museum employee some questions. íl-^í; b : í *u *íŕ i i X x T-T.ía. t boTÍ)iH>T*t*\ t b^ Í L/b» Nakamura: These are lovely ukiyoe prints, aren't they? Chan: They really are lovely, aren't they? Nakamura: Excuse me. Is it all right to take pictures of the ukiyoe prints? museum employee: Yes. Nakamura: Oh, here's an English-language pamphlet. Chan: You're right. Excuse me, is it all right to take this pamphlet? museum employee: Sure, go ahead. I Ms Chan received an English-language pamphlet VOCABULARY ?* J:* ukiyoe (woodblock print) may I take (a photograph)? pamphlet, brochure »S'SSW,™4>»*s!J»p*rt?5## lima Asking permission to do something is done using the following sentence construction: verb - T form + t, v h * T"-f t\ To grant permission, say U\\ £' i V ("yes, please [do]"), and to refuse permission, say -f A i *tL ti\ t, tit . . .("I'm sorry, but that would be a little [difficult]. .'.")• 188 PRACTICE WORD POWER ■ f Ďŕ I. Verbs: 1. OT)H>á-f 2. (fzlíZÍ) -t^ii- 3.li>-')ít II. Things available at the information counter of a museum: © Litli^'S 2. A -Yfr-yJfl K 3. ><>7U-/h 4.*yo/ -3j)n>i1" use itlirt"'? (picture)postcard '*y7l/-yl- pamphlet ŕ;\£Z$ ti'ít smoke (a cigarette) -f t*-'/# A K recorded guide i] 9 v 7 catalog /■-If; cigarette -(+.+. —V earphones, headphones li^iJJ-f enter #<( K guide 189 KEY SENTENCES ' 1. Zl/C£ £oT& \\^T-tfr 2. Z <>% -o^oli iu>Tf!)\ 1. Is it all right to take a photograph of this picture? 2. Is it all right to use this pen? mm EXERCISES- % g '• Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their - T forms. - í "f FORM — T FORM use smoke enter rest K-TA-í-t Ask permission to do something. Change the sentences below as in the example. ex. ZĽ7c f+Ai-f. . Asfc and grant permission to do something. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. -f-fi: ZW. &Xh£:-f Aä-tr/ÜK *, £ o ť ... „ 1. X H X: a X h U iL:.......................................................................................................... V. Get and give assistance at a store. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. ex. X í X: -tÁi-tfľ/C. ZT) ±\yJčTÍ v ^"Tirti\ A-tŕíO ÍA íí: l±o. £"•} ^"o 1. X i X: .................................................................................................... (ij tfrL. '<>7l>-/ h) A-tŕm y i::.................................................................................................... X ; X : .................................................................................................... A-tí-í) yC:.................................................................................................... 192 2. X 5 X: A-tŕ« V K: X J X: A-tŕW V S: (l/X 1-7/, #-K) O VI. Ask for permission to borrow apen. Look at the illustrations and make up a dialogue that reflects what is happening. 1. A-tfr« U-t: 2. X ; X: 3. X5X: 4. A-tirOT IAS: 5. X ; X: CDl v"' L'sten t0 tne <-D anc' A" in tne b'ar|ks based on the information you hear. X-XÍ/CI1 ................................................. fr h .................................................£ -5 5)H*Í "f 0 # — K (business) card 193 SHORT DIALOGUES 0 Mr. Green has gone to the hospital to visit a sick friend. He first goes to the reception desk in the visiting area. ■Jitřit: C'ĽrJ) 1 l Jt V. fcíci;i£ fr^XitíiW receptionist: Please write your address and your name. Green: May I write in Roman letters? receptionist: Yes. romanized Japanese Mr. Green is visiting a friend. f'l-y-.ZZlZ |C&-3£ fc^Tfc iH>T-ftf\, 7')—>: (after chatting for a while)-f A t it L o £T*>b^£ otJ^ T t Green: May I put my luggage here? friend: Yes, please do. Green: Excuse me. May I use your bathroom? friend: Yes, go right ahead. (-T form of Hi it) put If you're in Japan, go to various stores or public institutions and ask permission to do something—to take a photograph, for example. "Wf^TTTÄS vm^ww^mivy- 194 BEING WARNED OR ADVISED C > J TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Chan and Ms. Nakamura are looking at a picture of Mt. Fuji in the art museum. -f-r> : zco l^Ľí^ío jut txt žti^r-tn» l-\y -.-i-čfr&h*L. z +£frĽ h ■ l± <■ \ *? ^ 'J Í L /čo i: 'J Í "t Jt o (fate a ffasft p/cfure) L/.Ý E'Jil/c. Chan: This picture of Mt. Fuji is really lovely, isn't it? Nakamura: Yes, it is. Chan: Ms. Nakamura, please take a photograph of me in front of this picture. Nakamura: Okay, right. Are you ready? museum employee: Excuse me. Please don't use a flash here. Nakamura: I'm sorry, I understand. ■ Ms. Nakamura took a photograph of Ms Chan in front of a picture of Mt. Fuji VOCABULARY 7 -7 V ■> 3. Mt. Fuji (said when you are about to take someone's photo) flash please don't use EES33 1. Z:? 777'/aí -^*7Íi:oT< /i'í^o The "please do not..." construction is formed as follows: verb — Íri * + T + < /í í i v This expression is often used by managers or officials when asking someone to refrain from doing something, although it can also be used by restaurant customers when requesting that a specific ingredient not be used. ex. i iL 1 i i vH Lá+. Li.'i' fit t-r stand up 196 II. Restrictions: 1. i L*.L 2.UÍUHL KEY SENTENCES 2. -TLI: *?í£/£ i>H^'^r. n FORM - í -f FORM — ÍLH > FORM Ví t-t itlá-t coAit Ití/m /c/iti.-^ Ä-tíri-f A-tŕíi:^ ÍŽ + :ti> ^*ii-r V^KÍL'^ Li-f Lím* ásitä-T Lrtái- *>itíc^ Lrtíi-o Ai-r Ati'^ r no smoking, nonsmoking no parking wasabi, Japanese (green) horseradish ľ K i-f put in, add 197 II. Practice the — íi'vv form. Change the following verbs to their -iu forms. ex. b^^t-f -*■ &fof£\ x 1.*ltit -»............................................................................ 2. Liiit -►............................................................................ 3. Z>) it -*........................................................................... 4. fr^t-f —■........................................................................... 5. J: Ait -►............................................................................ 6. í í it —............................................................................ III. Forbidsomeone to do something. Look at the illustrations and make up sentences as in the example. ex. i ť ž ás It i "t" — i£'ř ásiťi.-^T<^'ť?^„ i. uL/Cí nm-r -*................................................................................. 2. KT í liôit -*................................................................................. 3. T Li i It L i t —................................................................................. 4. < -Si £ Ztfiiir -*................................................................................. IV. Forbid someone to do something and give a reason. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined part with the alternatives given. ex. I Cli v'U <"JST"f^b, **>•? LV nit) &ZZ: tAÍ-ŕ/U?. »fty7-? v^íŕ^T< ŕz'í^o Ä-tŕW t/ü: l±v\ *?tHJ á L/b. 1. -f-t- y: ................................................................................................................ (t L) A-t+<» y í: :............................................................................................................... ft>: ................................................................................................................ (fc> 5 í/) A-I+ £:............................................................................................................... 3. -f +■ y: ................................................................................................................ (T -í X 3 - t -) AH+OT y £:............................................................................................................... ■f- + y: ................................................................................................................ (í £ 7) A-tŕ<7) U Z:............................................................................................................... CD Vl'Listen t0 the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. mm C Z'ú- b.......................................................T.......................................................#< *> U i to £>***><•/(. baby 73?.-/ mayonnaise "•>'<—#— hamburger T-ÍX3 —t— iced coffee yf t'7^ ketchup iť. 1 sugar 199 SHORT DIALOGUES ~ —~——— -j ^P? I. Mr. Smith got drunk at the Sasakis' house and spilled red wine on their clean carpet. The next B day, he apologizes at the office. X IX- ť52$2/U 5<*Hli t Á ä-ti X. T" L/i „ Smith: Ms. Sasaki, I'm so sorry about yesterday. Sasaki: No, please don't let it bother you. VOCABULARY í I - L ÍlH * T < f ž Í v > don't worry about it; don't let it bother you í I - l í -f worry (about), be bothered (by) II. Mr. Smith goes to the clinic with a stomachache. ^ L f: $ J: 7 li ti* ii i T< ŕit^o 3. Ť''<-\-X <ŕ£im<, 4. ŕzi"ttl*L\í L.ľ^( )T/CL^( ife'JT- '(■ ' )*í <5( )%^X-o{ 6. /^MÍLÍ/JÍ *>3>( )1 L*ť^( 7. l/U^-tŕ/Ui 8U( Kiíniíl 8. ::( ií.-oUľHLT'ft k <£i( )c^ô^v^t Complete each question by filling in the blank with the appropriate word. 1. lH> 1 Í-)K( )£ Li lfzů\ ÍXÍi:v^T, 7in^t«?■ LH/:. 2. ( )fcfc3^l.LfK T/Cfc>Ý LiL/:^ 7inx**(0 ai: LiL/:, 3. ( )4n*l<»U ' v^i-frK it ro.;^ žžíi-fo 4. ÍŤÍJ-Ť^i, ťíií^ít ÍAZŤ5T( )tf^lJÍ-ť5\, Complete the table byiwriting in the appropriate forms of the verbs. — í "f FORM — T FORM — ÍL' ^ FORM ex. -O^H>Í-ŕ ot}>-,T o^fotŕo 1. ^ži-f í)n>T 2. (t L T Itítt^ 3. WAit Witt^ 4. £Ui + £->T 5. L*í>i + LAí;p 6. ási+T í>it^ 7. Äii- Ä íl-o 8. í ti-' ÍT 9. LT L<ŕ^ 201 Complete the sentences by filling in the blank(s) with the appropriate form of the word(s) given at the end. 1. X;XÍ,CIÍ J»i LZ'>Ĺ\(J,'Liít) 4. oi'í) ZiixLi A?'i:( k i->t<'( )TtiMÍb^t) 6. Z Cli T'<"*>T-f^b, <-£££( X/cíiSlíWit) 202 -H' UNITS p- ■■ """*. 7' 10 íl íSig^Sr^A ■- ?*v ttHfi AT THE OFFICE Walking into a traditional Japanese company, one will notice the absence of high partitions and cubicles: most Japanese offices are open, with desks facing one another so that employees can readily communicate. This arrangement is efficient because it saves on space; and in a country where land prices can be astronomical, such efficiency is important. Another feature of such offices is the conspicuous hierarchy: in one desk with a view of all others sits the office manager, and in front of him the division chief, then the section chief, and so on down to the bottom. Recently, however, Japanese companies have been modifying the traditional layout to make their offices more functional for the people who work in them, or more aesthetically pleasing to visitors. UNIT« 1 0 GRAMMAR Present Progressive and Habitual Actions i person li verb - T u i ~f ex. /Mi/Cli v*i tH<*'1-?T Uť-r-í .t/CTvS-f. "Mr. Grey is reading a report in the meeting room now." 7"M3,Cli iuLtf-j iŕJcir/l: Ť--XÍ LT^i-fo "Mr. Grey plays tennis every Saturday." A verb in the - T form followed by u í ~f expresses a present-progressive action ("is doing"), as in the first example above, or, when accompanied by an adverb like í u L * l ("every week") or á u I: £> ("every day"), a habitual action, as in the second example. Current States I person li verb — T v * í ~f ex. 7"Mi/Cli JtCliil: -rATv>i-t. "Mr. Grey lives in Yokohama." 7"M2/Cli i'LZiK olííiTvit. "Mr. Grey is employed at a bank." ŽíiA-trT -ŕl/Ľí Ť o Tu i-f, "At that store, (they) sell TVs." /Kí/CliH/ií^ĽitiLií UTi-it. "Mr. Grey knows Mr. Yoshida's address." The -Ti'ít form can also express a current state when the verb is one of those used in the examples above—-f A í t.oíftít, Ť U i i", or l 'J i -f". NOTE: The verb L 'j Ž "f ("know"), from which L ~> Tu á -f derives, is usually used in the — T form followed by u í ~Ť. But the form this verb takes when used in response to the question L -> T v * i ■+<■" ("do you know?") varies, and in this way it is unlike other verbs, ex. Aa.liu. UTi>ät. "Yes, (I) know." An:uux.. L'Já-tŕ/Co "No, (I) don't know." 204 BUSY AT THE MOMENT C í) TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith is looking for Ms. Chan. He enters the sales department office and asks Mr. Suzuki where she is. tfi :^h^0 uj 3^^ť5/CIÍ Smith: Excuse me. Is Ms. Chan here? Suzuki: No, she's in the conference room on the third floor. Smith: Is that so? Suzuki: Yes, she's explaining new products to Mr. Takahashi of Nozomi Department Store. Smith: Is that so? I see. Thanks. ■ Mr. Smith went to the sales department office (to look for Ms. Chan), but Ms. Chan was not there. VOCABULARY ä. u í' J: 1 ■>'• tf5 is/are explaining explain sales department (office) but (see Note 1 below) 1. x = x*X,li x^ín.r.i: piiL/:í(, ftVJAIi ^i-tí/LTl/i This <* is a kind of conjunction that joins two clauses. It can be translated as "but." 205 1 RR;4CIi€| WORD POWER' (0>: I. Verbs: 1.liíi.-lř Li-r 2. •tín^^Ý Li"f 3. Ý Ť Ľ í Lif 4.oíh>^x j|yi|j||j]j|| liti* L if talk ■tt-oyn>£ L i f explain íU'i L i -f dean 206 o < y í -f make n ť— lobby i|/-í-f- elevator ^7,ij V— 9 — escalator fr\^tikj stairs KEY SENTENCES 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Mr. Smith is reading a newspaper now. Have you already written the report about the meeting? Mr. Smith went to Mr. Takahashi's house, but Mr. Takahashi was not at home. EXERCISES -——--------—■—-—--—--——^— fl I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their - T ^ i "f forms, affir-mative and negative. - i f FORM - T ^ Í "f FORM aff. neg. talk explain clean make li^-Lí Lit H-otT}\^ Lif fičí Li-f liíŕlí LT^if liírLÍ LTv>i-tíX ■ŕoíii'í LTi'ií ->< U i -r o<,TPÍt o< oT^i-tfX ^ II. State what someone is doing now. Change the following sentences as in the example. ex. Z i ZÍ Hi IX/O**/,* JrAi-fo 1. X JXiAli fiĽÍ Li-f o 2. X5X5/CIÍ Tjí // Ms. Nakamura/-?! •, Ms. Chan ex. 2 4- Ms. Sasaki JL A. Ask and answer what one is doing now. ex. 1.A: 9"<)-VÍLlÍ. ^í ti'UÍ LT^ifi\ B: T/L*? Ý l To i-f. 1. A:.. B:.. 2. A:.. B:.. 3. A:. B:.. 4. A:. B:.. 5. A:. 5. A:. 208 Answer what one is doing now in response to a question. ex.2. A: frt 1 i /CH ^± t"*- h f <^T^Ítí\ 7. A:ÍÍÍUI1 ^i 'H*** lToittf\> B:................................................................................................................................................. 8. A:i'i-ĽbUli ^í XLbí lt^íirt\ B:................................................................................................................................................. IV. Asfcfl/idanswerwíieí/ier one hfls completed an action. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. Be sure to use the same grammatical form as in the example. ex. A: t 1 V^ZjiLi tz<í L/c^o B: [±W tz<í L/i. ., A................................................................................................................... 01 xzô i: i>M/CTL/:. Ťt,[z oi-tŕ/CTl/ž. 1. bŕzUt x^í'ji.r-fl ŤtVÍ/Ci: T X, fr í LiL/:. Ťt>í/Cll ^i-tíXTl/o 2. fr/cLIi SOTŤ ŕ'-'-h U wiiL/i. f»-Hi WATL/:. 209 VI. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. Be sure to use the same grammatical forms as in the examples. A. Explain that one is in the midst of something. 1. 7)^9:.............................................................................................................................. {/-H, J: Ä i t) -f t" í:.............................................................................................................................. (J: A i 1") ^ £ -5:.............................................................................................................................. 2. T^ií-j:.............................................................................................................................................................................. (^'í'n L'J J: Ť. o< iji-t) 1"f í:............................................................................................................................................. (-5 < U i t) ví^Ť:.............................................................................................................................. B. Respond to a cellphone call by suggesting it is inconvenient or inappropriate to talk at the moment. ex. Mr. Smith gets a'call on his cell phone from his friend Mr. Yamada. Since he is in a meeting, he answers quietly. X £ X: li^o ?ÍŤ£: K'itir-fo X IX: K>$ŤiÍL, -f AÍ-t+X,^\ ^i än^?$ LH'ÍŤ. ťi/í: lf, íŕz htT TLfrí l í-f. X i X: fcfatf^li-to 1. ť i/í:.............................................................................................................................................................. X i X:.............................................................................................................................................................. 'Cit::.............................................................................................................................................................. x ; x:.............................................................................................................................................................. («í v< í,Ci: lift l £ l i-T) ťiŕ':.............................................................................................................................................................. X í X:.............................................................................................................................................................. í ŕ: $>£T see you later; talk to you later 2. K'íŕž: X i X:.............................................................................................................................................................. K" t ŕ::.............................................................................................................................................................. X ; X :............................................................................................................................................................. (icií/Cc'w *s:ít ^^ínř Lát) ťi/í:.............................................................................................................................................................. X ; X:.................................................................................................. Q P? VII. Listen to the CD and choose the correct answer to the question asked. ||:Mij!l " b) SHORT DIALOGUES Qljl I. Ms. Sasaki is waiting for Ms. Chan's report on her business trip to Hokkaido. ft>:tAÍ-tt^ ÍŤ-lT-fo iiiTZl i-oXiňi^o Sasaki: Ms. Chan, have you already written the report? Chan: I'm sorry. Not yet. Please wait a bit more. VOCABULARY ítz not yet í, -) ~f Z L a I'ttle more Mr. Suzuki is looking for an empty room. Suzuki: Excuse me. Is it all right to use the conference room on the third floor? Nakamura: Yes, since no one is using it now. Go right ahead. 1. U*°-Hi... Although Ľ.-tf— r- ("report") is the object, Ms. Sasaki is singling it out as a topic for discussion, so li replaces the object marker £. 211 I It should be noted that the verb ending - í Lŕz. when used with t j ("already"), expresses completion in addition to indicating the past tense. Imagine that you are in a meeting or involved in some activity that you can't break away from, and a call comes in on your cell phone. Explain in Japanese to the person on the other end of the line why it is inconvenient for you to talk at the moment. 212 RESPONDING TO AN INQUIRY 3 3 7-> n 3 7J T-ftf\, $ k> < :*.*., ý i T"to ■f--ľ > : ^rv^-^X^ £ ? Lbltc'íVi-tŕ/uo ■ ABC7-X« ['/337-/337J li cí-9$J:-7<0 X-'°-£ 3 V k"-T 7->T^±ľo Chan: Yes, this is ABC Foods, customer: Excuse me, about ABC Foods' new chocolates—where do you sell them? Chan: Do you mean "Chocolat-Chocolat"? customer: Yes, that's right. Chan: We sell them at supermarkets and convenience stores in Tokyo, customer: I live in Nagoya. Do you sell them in Nagoya? Chan: No, we do not sell them in Nagoya. I'm sorry to have to tell you this, customer: Is that so? I see. Chan: I'm really very sorry. ' ■ As for Chocolat-Chocolat, ABC Foods sells it in supermarkets and convenience stores in Tokyo 7 oTi'lt sell i Ui-f sell •> 3 3 ý V 3 3 ý Chocolat-Chocolat (fictitious product name) ^Z'*? Nagoya (city in central Japan) 213 1 -TA i t il lb\iZ'*^í*kL live live I'm sorry to have to tell you this (pouter way of saying i"A i -tť/C) very much, extremely (politer way of saying HZ t) 1MÜJ 1. ABC7-X'í) Jó/;bL^ Ť33I/-H1 cťCT ŤoT^Í-tJÍ^o Although f- 3 3 U— I- is the object, here it is being singled out as the topic and therefore takes the particle li instead of $. 2. h ŕ: Hi 4-:>i: -tLT^i-to The particle I- is used to indicate the place where one lives or is employed. ex. ťi/ci/Ui i'LZŤK o ü »Ti > i-f o "Ms. Yamada is employed at a bank." 3. íťďťTÍ, -7 oTi>Ítí\ ^^x, ť::*-f Tli 9 oT^i-tŕ/,,, Note the positions of the particles T" and t here. In Ms. Chan's reply, she uses the topic marker II after T to show that "Nagoya" is the topic: "As for Nagoya, (Chocolat-Chocolat) is not sold there." Note that while one particle may normally follow another, as do i and li after T in the sentences above, t and li never follow the particles #< or í but simply take their place. Similarly, t and li are never used together; one or the other is used. > WORD POWER ■ I. Verbs: ABC7-X" a □ a a a a a □ S a □ o □ 1.1-A.Twi-ř 2. -ot^X^Í-t 3. LoTi'it 4. 7 TÍi'it 214 -f/CToi-f live be employed know sell II. Family: RELATED TO THE SPEAKER RELATED TO OTHERS child Zťt HZ i L son tJ-tz Ľi-ZiL daughter Ľ-f*i at i i iL/iiir*>iL older brother *>IZ a\z^iL older sister **! titox.iL younger brother řiti!: řiKiíí/G younger sister ^íi t nii £^ KEY SENTENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. /čelili/Cli J: z li i u -fLT^i-f. XiXÍ/Cli ABC7-XIC ouá6ToÍ-t„ XÍXÍ/Cli o£9Í/C£ LoT^ä-fo Z7>Ľ'-T =7y+r--r-í0 í-,.;:? ioTl'ít. 1. 2. 3. 4. Mr. Takahashi lives in Yokohama. Mr. Smith is employed by ABC Foods. Mr. Smith knows Ms. Ito. They sell concert tickets at convenience stores. EXERCISES- I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their mative and negative. ■ T i> í -f forms, affir- — í "f FORM - T <■ * í -f FORM aff. neg. live ■t A í-f t/CT^it ■fLT'^HtL be employed ■oilftíi- -oSWT^i-f iťftTÍ-ČL know sell * ................ť') í-r iix^t-r 1 -.Ti'ít l'Ji-tŕ/C** L 'J Ž "f—the affirmative present tense—is hardly ever used. : The negative - T i » i -f form is l o T ^ á -tŕ L, but this form is not used. t > £ 9 Ito (surname) 215 II. State where someone lives. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. ex. K'ít Z*Hí l_iJ_U= -fLT^iiTo 1.....................................................................................................................................(/ 'J - y i L. L :>;*>) 2..................................................................................................................................... {+£frtJ h i A, L A Ľ f» O III. Ask and answer where someone lives. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. ex. A:ŕ:fr\±l*L\Í cť I U 1rLT^ÍÍrt\ B: J: ZU í [Z -tLT^Í-to 1. A:........................................................................................................................... (ťi t£i L,) B:........................................................................................................................... (l-i'-ť) 2. A:........................................................................................................................... (.+ 74 \-ÍL) B:..............................',:.......................................................................................... (íolE í*) IV. State where someone is employed. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. ex. ŕ;tHílÍHi T'<-b\Z -5ü«T^±-r. 1..................................................................................................................................... (K>ítžZL, ?^:i) 2..................................................................................................................................... (X í X í L. ABC7-X) V. Asíc and answer where someone is employed. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. ex. K>íŕz: V'7 ^ y j Hi iTZ IC -oiírtT^iťK X ; X: P> Y >*'LZ 1 \Z oWT ^i1% 1. V í fí:............................................................................................................... (.t-1 -i h 5 /C) X i X:................................................................................................................ (J BP-/t'!>) 2. 'Cíti:............................................................................................................... (-f-ř3 5-C<7> fc,ici>i,C) X = X:................................................................................................................ (ij i 3 j !i L -p) JBP^ť'^ JBP Japan (fictitious company name) VI. State where someone lives and is employed. Use the information in the table to make up sentences as in the example. PERSON RESIDENCE EMPLOYER ex. 1. 2. 3. 7"'J -y í L &^yiL 3 > Í'ZCŤ f.-,<-r VII. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. Confirm whether one knows someone or something. ex. A: j * j Í L Ý l-oT^Í1ľt\ B:liv\ l-oT^á-f0 1. A:................................................................................................. B: liv\ .................................................................................. 2. A:................................................................................................ B: liv\ ................................................................................. B. Deny that one knows someone or something. ex. A: frV±±J_Li Ut^i-t^, 1. A: 2. A:. (7'77>i/,) (/iíMiLíAW l*Ut) (-ŕ-v y í X,« /-n-TFUx) B: i^x. í> X, ť -) Ando (surname) L^i'^f? Shinagawa (district in Tokyo) -t L T and (note: Unlike £, which connects words, % l T connects sentences.) 217 VIII. Ask and answer whether one knows a particular address or fax number. Use the information in the table to make up a dialogue as in the example. Restaurant Tokyo's fax Restaurant Tokyo's address Sapporo branch office's fax Suzuki ex. yes 1. yes 2. no ex. X ;X: UX r7>i: 1 í Jr. 1 <0 7>V0'Xß lí/C:*l ř l-?T^±1"^ -t-f í: li^\ LoTwit. 1. X 5 X:. i-f?:. 2. X;^: -fľí:. IX. Ask where a product is sold. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex. a: =?yy-- b:. i oi v ... ,f.77>: i-^W ... (j.pyfa-y-j) ás^ŕjU» t-'-a) (L L Ľ n> < : i^i>:...... *77>: ioi>:....... (/—7°/l/->C3.y7°) (X-'«-) B. Talk about a particular person. ex. Mr. Smith meets various people for the first time at a party. 7-7: hĽČi^L. fclU'čli 1/CTth *>L,ťň: 3L>-/-TT-fo JBP'/t'f>i: -3£*iT^Í-ŕ„ XÍX: YiW1. Ľť, JU li í LLyO v n E i j L t: l-? T 1. x ; x c Ľi X í x ....................................................... (V L j:) (&tí*i-LlriL) CífVL: C. Ta/fc «tout a particular person's telephone number or e-mail address. ex. X = X: JBP'/t'^f) o E 7 ť5/l£ L^T^ith ^t'b: liv\ Ut^it. X í X: l>, pí:ť;/CW T/lfrlJXc'Ť S L-oT^it^ t-^tľŕ,: o^jL L 'J i-tíX. 1. X í X: .. KfrtJt,:.. X í X: (7>í/t) (7>í/CíD /-;bTF'l/X) / — 7*/U ■> d y 7' maple syrup Z Ľ i Kojima (surname) fí Lŕz Yamashita (surname) C IXK* L Kobayashi (surname) ť^^XLLc Hong Kong (branch) office 7 > Wang (surname) 219 } 2. X = X: .......................................................................................................................................... (&/LťÔ ÍL) ^iľb:......................................................................................................................................... X ; X: .......................................................................................................................................... tťvl^ĽÍ,:......................................................................................................................................... C Dp XI. Listen to the CD and answer the question based on the information you hear. SHORT DIALOGUE m Mr. Smith wants to make a reservation at the sushi restaurant Sushimasa, but he doesn't know the phone number. X í X: -ŕAi-tir/C -fliítf) TLhlíLZií: UT^it^. tt^L *>:**. *?^'Ji-tŕX,. -f-fíí/U: i^T<£5^. Smith: Excuse me. Do you know the phone number for Sushimasa? Nakamura: Actually, 1 don't. Please ask Mr. Suzuki. VOCABULARY ■flu ih Sushimasa (fictitious sushi bar) I don't know (note: The ť5 í> here expresses the speaker's hesitation about immediately answering, "I don't know.") let me see Next time you meet a Japanese person for the first time, tell him or her where you live and where you are employed Then ask that person where he or she lives and is employed. 2. If you're in Japan, ask where something you are looking for is sold. 1 v^'y-'WiMJc 220 SOCIALIZING The Japanese have an international reputation of being hardworking people, the men devoted to their work and the women to their families. But while they may be diligent, they are also social, and there are many kinds of celebrations—most season-inspired—that they participate in. From cherry blossom viewing in the spring, when friends and colleagues get together to appreciate the beauty of the ephemeral cherry blossoms, to excursions in autumn to see the changing of the colors of the leaves, to year-end and new-year parties, the Japanese have get-togethers whenever the seasons beckon them. In addition to these annual events, though, they also enjoy Western-style gatherings: drinking parties, barbecues, and even home parties. UNIT ■ 11 GRAMMAR Preference and Desire person l± noun ¥ -tíT-t a ĽJt ô-fT-f u hi-')iir ex. 7" U -í 5 Ali ť->M' -f * TŤ„ "Mr. Grey likes beer." /l"ííX,li f--* i* Ľ i Ť-fT-fo "Mr. Grey is good at tennis." 7* U -f í Ali ííiíC'il' frí'-'J £"ŕo "Mr. Grey understands/knows Chinese." ■ The particle i* used with -tSX'-t, Ľ Jt 9 i"TIT, Wc^T-f, and hi-') i~t i< is used before the adjectives -f í T+ ("like"; //f., "be likable"), Ľ i 9 -f Ti- ("be skilled"), and v >/:i»T"ŕ ("be painful"), and also before the verb hi-') ti~ ("understand"), to show what one likes or is skilled at, what part of one's body hurts, or what one understands. note: With i >/;V »T"f, the topic of the sentence is always the speaker, and the subject is a body part. \htzl\tverb-tz\^T-t~ ■ Expressing desire: verb - /iv >T"f Constructions expressing desire ("I want to . . .") can be made from the -Or form by dropping — i "ť and adding - ŕz ^ as follows: ŕz<í-t->■ ŕz<ŕz^ NOTE: — /iv ms inflected like an — i * adjective, ex. v > * ŕz \ > T"f o " (I) want to go." v * í /; < ft!. >T~f „ "(I) don't want to go." ^íAí-iŔTt, "(I) wanted to go." \^ifz < T"f to form a question ("do you want to . . .?"), although this type of question is often considered impolite, especially when directed at a social superior. To ask if someone wants to do something, it is safest to use the - i "f form followed by i\ as in 7 7 > — T v * í t ~fis ("Do you [want to] go by taxi?"). NOTE: The particle i* is sometimes used instead of £. ex. 7-Í y í/i* (OAŕz^T-ť, "(I) want to drink wine." 222 BEING INTRODUCED TO SOMEONE CD! TARGET DIALOGUE The Greens are having a formal party at their house. During the party, Mr. Green introduces Mr. Smith to his friend Mr. Ogawa. 7"')-y ■ X i X*/., Z ŕ, b li &t£ LT, ti4 : * 'J jJ*£ -9 C'í'v x i -f. -tf za. ■ i7''J — >í /Ola í^Ui cťJ; ? íA'ic x-xi/Ci; ŕ-xf LT^i-to CX,Lrŕ9W ^Jt9tA*l± *Í3Í*+?-íX^t i^Ui: ŕ-Xf L i-f o Green: Mr. Smith, this is Mr. Ogawa. Ogawa: How do you do. I'm Ogawa. Pleased to meet you. Smith: I'm Smith from ABC Foods. Pleased to meet you. Green: Mr. Ogawa, I play tennis with Mr. Smith every Saturday. He's very good at tennis. Ogawa: Is that so? I like tennis, too. Smith: Well, would you like to play tennis with us this Saturday, too? Ogawa: Thank you. I'll definitely be there. ■ Mr. Green plays tennis with Mr. Smith every Saturday. This Saturday, Mr. Ogawa will play tennis with them. Ť-7, Ľ I 1 t'T-Ť tennis be skilled, be good at (- +£ adj.) 223 1 ĽÍ!U±| ' ' 1. XÍXíAli f--7>i>< ZT t Ľi-7-fT-f. The adjective Ľ J: Ť i* T "f ("be skilled") is applied to another person. Japanese never use this word in reference to themselves or members of their families. Therefore, one does not usually ask . . . ■/]< Ľ x i i"T"-f-ós ("are you good at.. . ?"). PRACTICE WORD POWER' CD pi) / fj) 1. Ľ J: it'T-r 2. -f 5 T1- 3. bfr<) i-t Sports: 1.X+- 2.+r'/*- 3. íii 4. "t^*.^ KEY SENTENCES 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. XÍXÍ/Cli ŕ-Xrf< Mxi-fT'-fo XÍXí^li Kíl/CO' fr^'Jit» Mr. Smith is good at tennis. Mr. Takahashi likes fruit. Mr. Smith understands Japanese. 224 CtT-fTt be skilled (-* adj.) tST+ like (-4 adj.) toi}-') i-f understand X+ — skiing *)■ ~/il— soccer (see also p. 142) Í5»? baseball ■f"\»á.n swimming < ŕžtU4-tr/0Tl/c like, love -fST-f -f S Tli ás'Ji-tŕ-C tiTL/; -t S Tli ft'Ji-tir/CTl/b VERB understand fr^'J i + friHJi-tíX fc>^ 'J i L ŕ: bi>^)í^iLTLŕz *§ II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. State what someone is skilled at. ex. ttfrtj h i Ali zfiyyy Ľ i i -f T-f. 1........................................................................................................................................................................ (7--X) 2........................................................................................................................................................................ (X*-) 3........................................................................................................................................................................ (* ^ C) B. State what someone likes. ex. Kt-tJt,ÍUi UztVý* -f í Ti" o 1........................................................................................................................................................................ (f í f í) 2........................................................................................................................................................................ C)j:í) 3........................................................................................................................................................................ (•*■*#-) C. State what someone understands. ex. X í X í Ali lcliAZ>- fr^'J i-f o 1........................................................................................................................................................................ (X 7 > X C) 2........................................................................................................................................................................ (^/OĽ) í\CĽ kanji, Chinese characters) 225 I . Make up sentences or dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the chart below. 226 H7-ÍX+— whiskey /yx dancing t, n ň Z' < C' Chinese (language) a-A, Z < ;' Korean (language) K -í "/ Z' German (language) A. State the things someone likes, is skilled at, and understands. ex.frtliUi tiiHifr -fíT-to zTjlyfr Ľ Jr. 9-fT-fo Ž^Z'fr 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.................................................................................................................................................................................... 3.................................................................................................................................................................................... B. State the things someone dislikes, is unskilled at, and does not understand. ex.frZÔtSUi Zl-t-fr tí Tli*1; Í-ŕ/C o ŕ--Xtf? ĽJtŤ-f'T liás'Ji-tŕ/C. 77>x;>' ^'Ji-tŕ/C 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.................................................................................................................................................................................... 3.................................................................................................................................................................................... C. Ask and answer whether someone likes or understands something. ex. rzfriiL: frt 1 3/Cli £*\jfr títt^o fr ľ. 1: \1\\ fíTt. Zbalil: tf^-j *X,I1 77VX;>* b^'Jít^. 1. ŕzfr\tl:Z.iXiL\i. Ľ-/M< -tŠT-tfr. X = X: .......................................................................................................................................................... £^111: X ;XÍ/,IÍ ICII/CÍ!}* +3^UÍ-f7>\ X = X: .......................................................................................................................................................... 2. /c?Hil: -f -t-yJAli 3-t-75< -fíT-f^. *•-»->: .......................................................................................................................................................... /=>Wil: i- +>Í/Lli frÁsZ?';: .......................................................................................................................................................... 3. ŕzfrlil: í í $3/Cli ^-ÍXt-í' -fíTT^. /c^lil: iií í Ali íiti^^' ^^UÍŤ^. -t -t * ■ D. Ask and answer whether someone is skilled at something. ex. tzfrli l: fr)Ĺ i ÍL\Í o')l-7t< \ÍX1 "f Tiľi\ 1. ŕWiL:X-XÍ/,li ?'y7,¥ txiľT-t-t>\ ft^Ľb:................................................................................................................................................................................ 2. tzfr\t\~:* * v Z L\i />xtf< Ľi-5-fT-t^. tt^JĽb:.....................................................-........................................................................................................................... 3. /;vHÍl:*SÍ Í/Ui 3-/U7*« Ľ Jt Ť ľT-f ^. tt^fcb:................................................................................................................................................................................ IV. Ask for and provide detailed information about one's likes. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. ex. f- + v: -f-f i $X,ii x,i-:--y^ -fiTl-í\ -f 1*í: l±VN, tiTt. 1. Ťt^:.................................................................................................................................... (< £ t <") -f-ťí:.................................................................................................................................... f- t y:.................................................................................................................................... (< ti t ) ■f-f Í:.................................................................................................................................... V) í?) 2. **V:.................................................................................................................................... (-< 7 >)T<) XI ')) ■f-f Í:.................................................................................................................................... 'r-fV..................................................................................................................................... ('í y; T'J J; Ť 'J) f f i:.................................................................................................................................... (ť+ř) 3. ft>:.................................................................................................................................... (£/,*< < ) f f Í:.................................................................................................................................... ^ + >:.................................................................................................................................... (£/U! <) -f ľí:.................................................................................................................................... (v -f X') •f f 'J T 'J i i ') Italian food, Italian cuisine '/ + X* jazz V. Introduce a friend and give information about his or her likes. Complete the dialogues below following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. good at ö^-j.j likes 77>X good at I Typ or j Mi) likes li i* fe \' m\) *^ IV II ex. tzůHil: -f-r-VÍ/C, 3ŕ,bli #—šy 7-3 X,Ti". ý]—;yy-:liĽttiLT. #—°->7-TiTo £ 6 K títi.^^1 Hr. ŕztHil: 77—syf-iHi VxiW ĽníTt. 77> X<7) *7AV¥ i" í Ti"o 1. /;iHil:^-t-vi/C. C*,bli íi^äSv^ATt. fc'UívliWíLT. fc^Ü^T-f. J:3l< fc*uí<^lii\ /c^lil:......................................................................................................................................................... 2. tí'liLiítyi/,. -*,bl± :ĽÍÍAT+o :Uí: lilwiLT. :ĽiTt. J[5L< fcfc^li-fo tzfrttl:......................................................................................................................................................... 3. tzfrlil:+ + >ÍL. Z t, t, [i jhLťiiL-C-t. &Ľč i:\i\itht U. i/Cií'Ť-r-tc J;3l< «W^Lít. /;*M±L:......................................................................................................................................................... b'T / piano Ť h ocean,sea il— íi k Ochiai (surname) 229 VI. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. Talk about a mutual interest. ex. 9'[)-y. ť£ i tfi- lintel: v^T, zfiyyj Li-f, f^)—y:\if. ZĽ€ uoLiU i>ii^^^. 1. ? <)->-................................................................................................................................................................................ ^£ Ť : ..................................................................................................................................................... (f* » i) /•;->:............................................................................................................................................................................... )í^Ť: ................................................................................................................................................................................. /'J->:............................................................................................................................................................................... ^£ Ť: .............■'■-............................................................................................................................................................... 2. /']->:............................................................................................................................................................................... frti; ................................................................................................................................ (7 7 y X i; J: ň 'J) /'J-V:............................................................................................................................................................................... ^£•7: ................................................................................................................................................................................. /'J ->:............................................................................................................................................................................... í^ Ť: ................................................................................................................................................................................. B. Describe someone in detail. ex. -f f'?: í í $ í/C. í>*>bli ťKŕzTirfro ;' < i: -tA,Tví L/b^b. ^noC^O' KTi ĽJt? -f-fi-.^iX'-f^obtzlli b^ltfŤ^i? ^mŤ:'<:"? ťb -ff'í: x.x., fc-frtf^li-fo 1. -f"fí:..................................................................................................................................................................................... Jf x *:..................................................................................................................................................................................... (77------'->9-ÍL, 77VX, 77>XC) tií iÍX?'/TA Tokyo Stadium (fictitious building name) I J: i l J-f introduce 7 7 y ^ 'J i Ť 'J French food f> £ ř, that person over there t£ t;v> i "f learn, take lessons in gji^gmm -f-f S:....................................................................................................................................................(7 ■? yx o J J J; -ťľ*:.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. -fľí:.................................................................................................................................................................................... (:ĽííA, ^/Cc <. i>-Lz< C) -r r *:....................................................................................................................................................(^a z < r> ^ J J; •f-f í:.................................................................................................................................................................................... VII. Listen to the CD and fill in the blank based on the information you hear. f + yJAIi............................................................t< Ľ J: Ť fTt. SHORT DIALOGUE m \ÍLťlbli cť^/;T-f#\ ŕlX L t* 9 í L i i"o ť>)->: L X i^>Li L J: 9 4% Nakamura: Mr. Green, who is that? Green: Oh, that's Mr. Ogawa. We sometimes practice kendo together. Nakamura: Is that so? He's a fine person, isn't he? Green: Shall I introduce you to him? Nakamura: Yes, please do. VOCABULARY It/CcT-j ■tri ti kendo (a martial art in which the contestants fight with bamboo swords) L i -f practice fine, wonderful, lovely (- +£ adj.) Imagine you are at a party. Introduce your friends or colleagues to one another and give details about their interests and skills. BBi^TWPPWWWiffW5 231 rÄÍ\Ä PARTY CI > J TARGET DIALOGUE Mrs. Green is serving food to Mr. Smith and Mr. Ogawa. Mr. Smith and Mr. Ogawa are eating Japanese food that Mrs. Green made. X í 7, : a^ l^T-ffao iitffr: llLZilz fc^lor-ffc. 9°')-y*L\i lJjľ9'J^ Ľ J: ifTtft. /';->:* 'J t<)Ĺ i CT*\ ^± t» i v n L t* 9 -f v n J; 7 tf\z *X*ff> 7-y + >-/X7-yl/T 1=Í3X_.«J J: 9 'J £ ^'boT^it. X;X:b/:Lt (=: í ^ ^0 *J J: 9 'J £ íctWc^T-f. *7-)\, KIl/CU Jt "7 'J cooking school Japanese food want to learn (see Note 1 below) IMiü ■i here is in reference to what came up just before in the conversation. 232 ) WORD POWER f I. Hobbies: 1.Ui ťi 2. v Mt lít' 3. a t f Parts of the body: 1.1,rzí 4. 2. *> S.títď 8. C L 3. li 6. frfz 9. T 10. * L !;„■}£, judo *> eye iľtz shoulder í, L leg, foot \-ltlfrt. 2. b ŕ: Hi &ŕ;ít< ^/c^T-fo 1. I want to go to a spa. 2. I have a headache. EXERCISES- jffjj I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the -7c <■ * forms of the following verbs until you memorize s* them. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. want to learn ^•b^/b^T-f ^i,o/;UiVTt tch^'ŕzfr-iŕzTi~ tí-L>^ŕzŕzT-t want to go >'4/:OTt l>*/;Í7c^/cT"f ^irzÍŔuTf. b ŕ: Hi íi/C-tŕ/U: ^í i4±/Co 1. br: lit ŕl/ťí A i-ŕ. 2. *?7cUi /c^lilÍ,Cl: U^i-tíX. 3. -br; U i .i-5^ W£ iin*i-f. 4. ;b/clli Ľtf7U*->£ ftb^i-tiX. 234 want to go be painful, hurt furniture KSäUiMä III. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, being careful to use the correct grammatical form. A. Ask and answer where one wants to live. ex. A: L Jt 1 b^ YlL+£>LZh\Z U/:Oft^ B: 1&h» Hz±LJ_£ L^T^Ít^. B:-fAi-tŕ/C, lUi-tíX. 1. A:.................................................................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2. A:.................................................................................................................................................................................................. M-J-IÍÍ.-Í- í.-b^i+. ?7X) B:.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3. A:.................................................................................................................................................................................................. (.i>ž^ >W£ ií^'i-f. Ä-ŕ) B:.................................................................................................................................................................................................. IV. State which part of your body hurts. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the words in parentheses. ex. brzHi htzJV >>/:i>Tt. 1.................................................................................................................................................................................... (ID 2.................................................................................................................................................................................... &+£*-) L Jt 9 t ^ * the future U/c^i'i* warm í í, town 7 ý 7. class 235 V. Tell a doctor one's symptoms. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustration. ex. ^Ik-: t'l Li L/btfN, 1. i>Lí:.............................................................................................................................. f-+>:.............................................................................................................................. 2. v n L v:.............................................................................................................................. ■?■+■ V:.............................................................................................................................. 3. »' L f:.............................................................................................................................. f-+>:.............................................................................................................................. VI. State what you do every week, and assuming the role of your listener, express envy and your own desire. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. Be sure to use the same grammatical forms as in the example. ex. A: h f: L li t ^ L rj> 1 [Z[lLZlÍ tb^H'ÍŤ. B:iH'Tt fco hŕz L t fr M'£^T-f, 1. A:........................................................................................................................... (->*3+'y/$- L i-t) B:........................................................................................................................... ( L Í t) 2. A:........................................................................................................................... («ííi f b ^ i f) B:........................................................................................................................... (4'í>>>it) ŕ-) L i l/c*" what's the matter with you? <ľ> fever 3 8 ť. 38 degrees (Celsius) ~ £' degree O VII. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. Be sure to use the same grammatical forms as in the examples. A. Give information. ex. fzMil-.r-iiXllßK ť/Uŕ/lU ^Jíl/c. X c X: v^T-fteo hŕzl i ^ž/^'T-fo X č X: ii Jitotf^ Lít. 1. ^lil:................................................................................................................................ (Ť-XÝ L i-f) X a X: ................................................................................................................................. (L i+) /i ÍM± L:................................................................................................................................ (^ - 7. 9 ý -f) x ; x: ................................................................................................................................. 2. /iiWil:................................................................................................................................ (fri < hK >>-jT, Idí/CW .J*4v* ^<"£ íí^í-f) X i X: ................................................................................................................................. (^ » i -f) /;^11 L:................................................................................................................................ (**> X ; X: ................................................................................................................................. B. Explain why one did not go to a farewell party for a colleague. ex. frľ. 1: í 1 *7^r•ť^<7) íť^íh^: ^íil/itfN. w5íti/,TL/c. 1. ^ £ -7 :............................................................................................................... X = X:............................................................................................................... (litf5 ^/;!Í^ /=r-T) jí^ Ť :............................................................................................................... 2. ^ £ Ť :............................................................................................................... X = X:............................................................................................................... (fc^ *> 'J ± L /=) ^ £ Ť:............................................................................................................... CD) Vlil. Listen to the CD and choose the correct answer based on the information you hear. Käi What kind of place does Mr. Smith want to live in? a) 11* frf£ í*. b)íiť$^ Í*. c)*>^3^ í*. í" ") KOT&H * farewell party 237 SHORT DIALOGUE CD Tne partynas come to an enc'- SU/; (ŽÍT ^xUi-tir/C^ fe^'fr: fc^T-f^b, btzlfT) fc^'*?: X iXÍ/Lí, ^o L Jt IC ...... x í x: ás'j^c: -7 r'í'^á-fo fcfc^ií-f, Ogawa: Ms. Nakamura, did you come by car? Nakamura: No, I came by train. Ogawa: It's late, so wouldn't you like to go home in my car? Nakamura: Thank you. Ogawa: Mr. Smith, how about going home with us? Smith: Thank you. I'd like that. VOCABULARY í> -í ^ T"t be late 1. Get information about schools and teachers, or about a subject you want to take lessons in. 2. Get information about things you want to buy and places you want to visit. .«•%!(i»P'íH H^tW'hmdlVz-ViiSiHriri-i.' Quiz 5 (Units 10-11) Fill in the blank in each sentence with the appropriate particle. Where a particle is not needed, write in an X. 1. XíXÍ/Cli =f>l>7( ) Ľ J: Ť f T-f. 2. rztHtl-5L &Zi*L\l HLZii )-o£#>T^i-f. 3. =?y+r— \-i U (2. í»tUI:(4. ) * X í X: «, -tft>o [Li-f. U J: 7Í*Ti\ títtl ). )o X-Xi/Ci 239 ■ř> LU hJ —* -J i_n Lu uj U1 O -J Ol 4^ UJ NJ —• i\ X ^ Q s> •+ ..: Sv 1, v Ü * HHulř | ? Mi S 3 v 0) K <» "-!> rx *>+ '* Sv '* r* í* w-^ 3 <~ SHV 4 d- ->• <- u o i* -i vli o h v 3Y M w- f iv w- ^ Sv s r '* i* .= ?- «V f J 4c -V" J> 00 O NJ 00 00 UJ -U >j o ;, » s< '" '*. ř- V; í* * 3 i* r* |it* í k I* v1°' <- ■* - H' '*. i* n m- <ř- o" i* ^ UD CD Ul Ul N U) CO O O ŕ> í» UJ NJ í\ * -* o -5 es. 'i ) ľ* (> ' V O O ňs. v i* i* i* [t- k k' y k- k- '-J x1 oo -v T r; '* r • H H 4 v 1 ,> ' JV w- -= 'S m-4 ^j I*? k' <~ ' -s T- .j Mi r: V a- KV ,= <- 4 r- >J lO W M Nt Ul ID (TI UJ UJ J> UJ ISJ —» S« íx A -M o, ť*- J~ J" -J ,> r i * S-4-1 í •líH'* ' I? S r? 1*1.- -■ -» Ul CO sj (J: m j> UJ N) —i Ul ŕ. UJ M -> ~ „ J ^ *. r- vi. -i- 77 3-?r 3 ..jnŕXÍ-u! ^ "•'"■> Mi * -i JÍ !•+ V -i- Ih- i— U o. '" M, p; j ^ * tM ^ c— r- Hi 13 š; .J3 2.,! 13 13 lala 4 J (— Si ľ IS •? M ^ . •> 77 i -s 4 ("7v is !ľ í -> 4 2 2 '*• * S š ,i •í ■a. 4 (x te* *J '* '* i* .^ ^' >*v !ľ " r- ,> ° o. » K •"" * _ w >~ ° 3 3" " í'j* " ?-L ik w- 'S - " ?~ 1 0* ,J* £ í '* •* * 1 W- - ľ^ 4 o ÍX J °' ° w r- 4 U?: _ Ol Ol M CO UJ UJ CO -J 4^ UJ NJ _ _ CO CTi U1 K) NJ -* u — v (T, Si d 1' SI «V 0 'S HV -V -v O -» O UJ -» uj ŕ. u; m > ■o ■o m Z g x m ŕV •í 1* 0- ŕ- ř- t- t- iV CT TT ■H o. f- ^ Sí ^ HV m- J v— >> M- ^ rr ŕ* -1 r- 4 »V a- vi; o « ^ ^ ^ U) OJ -fc> -» —' -J UJ l£> M ,■7^- r 1 7^- pv >J ťV ,* * ;*"' ä- 77 77 Xl !•?• ^•sv?: 3 ^ -- -- í-v ^ * » -S 4 3 r- ?~ ci- A tf 0 " Hi ^ 0 -s 4 f- 3 Si S! s C3- 'S l> 4 ■S ä- 4 ÜJ Ul Ul J> UJ —' —' J> UJ tsJ -* , 3" tS" .> >J i> f> »> '" c~ r- -i >J Ih- lf+ fi '* <> 4 1* i« - ° H ' H- S IHV 4 ^ -* --J -^J 3 'S 4 'S 4 IS Vs VD CO vi Ol Jl íi UJ W -• t UJ N -' NJ-* CTlUn + » >1 o. ü 5 >1 3 m: V >J * j rj> í* 4 (X SV *[ jM-ví-1-. '*^f 3 í Im ^ _ 'S '-t CJ-li ^1- JV o. >J, ř-v ř'- O jv 4 í' w- ŕ+V •* ^ ^ &™ ^ " 'í ^ c- y. IX " ^0 : v». <* '* .' w- » -V 4 O o CTI Ln cŕ^- >J -* (X r- "- » 3 ch- >J ' <- '* n h ■ r; ^ S\ M- fJJr C- v M. í J Ř I " °' S - iíj- '- '.* o, S*- w- tt í: w 3 m- " -°V =' O. " ,, '* ľv'" S* -t V * ?- ^ OJ o J> UJ S' Sv I + H v s it: Mi *v V 4 - h 1 s> ~* Sv (JV V I 'S íXT \ \o ZZ ťz iTif-^T ť i o U li fr/U^T-ťfr. fct^'Jli IX'}'-? T"tí\ XiXíXIi tXT «KSím: i>5í+>K 1jH*|: tc\~i< í.'iití\ Lmiiol; frl:£ Lití-, Tc/CĽ J: itflí 113 Ti"i>% rr^í/Ui 113 ťfc'iíXLH: i>íi-fí\, fciJXIi v >^; Tti1. Ý*Ui w% T—7iin 7 Ale i)LZ'ů< v<-3 í>UÍ+í\, ZiíiUt ťZTi-4\ zMi ťzTlra\ xsxíXJi ihlrz ťz\z i>íi+h x:xí/Cli ťci: ^tľi\ i.rtilíXjtili iTCi: Ü'Ji-f^. XSXťXIi ťZK Ttf'Aí friíi-t\ XiXÍ/Cli rzi: -tLT^ĚÍ-t\ frtiiUi ťZT 3IV7Í LÍLM-. Í.W T-/1-7IÍ >'<ŕ,Ttd\, iĹ'ilTt4\ ic c ill rXfr tc6T-ťí\ gXfr x,tc-'y*; -fíTt*-. 5OT-JW '<-ŕ-í —li ť ň TUci'. /cíť^í/Ui ťn <%" -i-s-í'ic i'iL«-, xjxíxií ťŤľoT *-i>Lí-i: i'ííi-«-. 3 7 3 7 3 7 4 8 5 10 3 7 3 6 5 11 2 4 4 9 4 9 2 5 3 6 4 9 4 9 5 11 10 23 5 10 3 6 2 5 6 12 11 24 6 14 11 25 17 19 19 19 C. Sentence Patterns Sentence Patterns Examples Unit Lesson 1 1 1 2 2 3 6 12 6 12 11 24 11 25 .l± ...Ti" 1.0b/cUi)X;XT"t„ 2. C Kli liťlťX« ^*T+„ 3. ICčlí 9 Ľ^b 5 ĽÍTTf. A.tzf£fr*L 7*,li í)/cb lv>T-f„ 5. C Hli £tl^> líX/Ti\ . \t...¥ ... T+ 1./ríi.-^S/CI± 'J£ + i.1t>h>i: ix:?*' í>Ui-fo /»'ít 2. -jl-t-^lti: «X,£» WM* i'±-f„ .. li... i:í>'J i-r 1. 77->-<0'm'li ii« í,^i-f 2. x;xí/Cli 2tfnM; i'it. . .£<£3^ 1.*<0 U/CC'£ .j./;-P Ji-t„ ..T...Ý-Í+ 1.X;«/U1 3«i UXI-7>T- lí/CC'liAÍ ŕz<ílŕz. ..i:...f-i-f i.Ťi-yí/Cli J:< ŕí^í/Ci: WA£ ^íi-f. 2. Ť+yí,cii xäxtxi; lit-í t(,\^tiŕ:. . . li ... i'-í-Ť 1.X = xťXli £v »*< *>Uito 2. X;X5,CIÍ ICIÍ/OC*-' fc>iHJ£-f„ ... T... *<*><) í-t 1. iTJt-JI/tc *3<3T iii^'Ji»* *Ui+. ...i:-it 1.^5 5<ííX-fdt ÍŤ3±-5^ÍT TLĽcK <*.*T TXlí-S «iJi-f. -ÍH+X-jJ- 1. Lm-ji-5|c i>-,l.tlc AW£ AitfU'. 2. U*,Jt-?í/"U ?bi: Ííí/Gi\ -iLn 4- 1.í.-i:5 Ŕ-i ix.;x$ J: X/o > i-ŕ. 2. /iíc^i/Cli JtCIííl: 1XTi>i-f„ 3.x;x5/Ui 3i:-jíX,í L^ti-ít. -T. -Tí, i'i'Ttil' 1. Zí if,Tt vH>T"t*s, -ííi'T'J C*, T-TíX. <4ií KJ6í.-v»T< ťiľ. 4 8 4 8 4 9 4 9 2 5 3 6 5 10 5 11 6 13 7 16 11 24 7 15 9 19 9 19 7 15 7 15 7 15 7 15 17 10 22 10 23 10 23 8 18 9 20 9 21 D. Adiectives Included in the following list of adjectives are some (in gray) which do not appear in the text. -1' adjectives bŕzŕzfr^ bright warm #>/;bU* new, fresh #,-3l> hot dangerous sweet i'íí'Lľ good, fine busy painful -r-fU' cool -folfi» sour *lP narrow /;*H< expensive, high /:/:'Ll> correct /;fflLl> pleasant, enjoyable ftnji> small íi)M> near ■Jiti'i' boring 243 at 16^ < í>i> delicious many, much big slow, late heavy interesting hot, spicy light dirty dark cold salty few, a little Oíl/;ľ cold k«i> far Wľ long Iťpv fast, early y easy ftľ inexpensive í)ŕľ young hm bad ■ íl" adjectives *x,*f/C* no good 5 t^tf detestable Ti>*ai'íi.' polite *Hi-l clean, pretty l: *<•*"!• lively ItXÍ'i- well, healthy Uttt free Lfi-'x quiet .MA-tř-^ÍL- unkind L-3Hv>tí*i ' red %>pnz>\\ t>?\ ii'i^, 3i*3tf>* yellow Ať'l^ín* < ^ i > black f h Í í «* *These words are nouns followed by the particle . Z>* white brown green purple E. Verb Comuaation The conjugations of Japanese verbs fall into the following three categories'. Regular I: Five-vowel conjugation Regular II: Single-vowel conjugation Irregular: There are only two irregular verbs: í it and L i "í"« See Irregular Verbs, p. 246. Regular I verbs are conjugated according to the Japanese vowel order: í>, <• \ i, x, ti. Regular II verbs are based on the vowels -i and -e only. From the — Íl'*. ' form it can be seen whether a verb is Regular I or Regular II. If the vowel preceding -íťi ' is -a, the verb is Regular I. If it is -i or -e, the verb is Regular II. The chart below shows the conjugations of the verbs fri $i~ ("write") and tztz meet ü-fiHJät í,físT *-f^t,ífi> b-f^z ih-fi-^tz take care of, look after *'Ji + #>-)T í.-^ && h-,Ťz be, exist, have *4 5i-f í>-Si*T *£j}^j.-i* *>{,< t>mtz walk IH'it i'^T l'toíťľ ^■5 Wo/r say ľíit v-,T l+'iľ w< i'o /c go Kfcťilt ľŕr/i'v'T ľ/i/í^l' ^f;tl< l-/:/;ľ/: accept Ť') í-t -JoT Ť h>ii'i> JZ Ť o Ŕ sell tiit-t £i'T íi^íŕľ fe< íl'/: put, place . a <') t -t «< o T «< bí^' ÍJ< s *;<-./: send feLi-t «LT íii^> fc-t ÍJL/; push fcb'jí-r JjfroT íibbtť^ ÍJÍ7 4 tih^ŕz finish fr^t-t i}tz return, go home M- 'J i -f M--.T í^bíŕ>-' il^i, í-^o/i (it) takes í'íí-r ín'T í^tfi i fr< *HN/i write ^it-t <>LT tf>-5í.-i> 4-r frltz lend í'oi'lt 7Í^l»T ^-JJÍ'ífV» *--!<• í-oľ/; carry (on one's shoulders) tf'/Uí'Jit ď/UíoT í'/Uíbtfi' i}?/LIÍ4 ií'Alío/i do one's best iitt íi'T í^'i' í < ÍV'/c listen (to), ask ItLit It L T Ití^'ľ Iti" It L/; turn off CAá-r CAT CÍ'iC :Ľ ZLti be crowded l'Ji-f* L-.T Lbíi'v L 4 L-yfz know -r^í-r t -5 T + *>*ri> ŤM tJ; smoke (cigarettes) ■tuí-t tAT -fiíi'ľ ■tt; -t A ŕ;' live tz%í-Ť Í-.T /=£**' /;T tz->tz stand up W-h^t-f tíST t>Vfr-ií\* *,<'Ť %V-,tz be wrong OT}n>i-f oí>-,T ■o t-h ■%<■■■ o<^"5 -><^/; use Tíit •ov>T i**1 -?< 9ľ/: arrive o < 'í i -f o< -,T O < bíf.' -7< í, -5< o/; make Ľ'Ji-f ^T Čí.'»'«' K 5 ti/; take (a picture) >i' b i' i t íŕ b -j T í.-i->fc>í.-w íťb Ť 'Í' b t /c learn Kih^í-r i:JjiT i:*fc><ŕ^ U* Ť i:í.o/c suit, look good on «Ait «AT í; ')í-f x Wbii'i* «•5> «-?/; ride, get on u^'ií-r li^oT liľfcíť^ m>4 lil'iŕ: enter ívií-t «St íí'b'i'ľ íí'4 í*5-, /c turn í-t,í-t i-^T í/zířw i-3 í o/i wait •This form is hardly ever used. Instead, Liti'it (the -T form) is used. fe*,it toT tŕz+m t-3 t iŕz have, hold íi ť>v ■>*-#" i^T i bbrc*.* í. b Ť i b-?ŕz receive Xlfít J:AT Jtlíírv* J:.i'. XLŕi invite, call, summon XA-ít J:AT Jtiíŕ^ XV XLŕí read ^*>'Jit h-b-^X fcn^bín1 bfrí, frfriŕz understand REGULAR II VERBS -it -T _i-n dictionary -/c meaning Alti-t í>ltT *iťi-i> *lt* *lt/; open Mi* íblt'T *lf>l'V> *>lfž *lt7; give be put in/into ^it ^iiit v*T i>irl n*l/; tiim-t tJLxT í; i*.^» Ülx.6 «Lx/c tell tí') it íi'jT íi'J*l* tí1) 6 tí')ŕz get off Lrtit UT Lrt1'v> i*>s Lihŕz close fc- -o It* ->\1ŕz turn on (í í)oltä-f ■oltT -3lt^> -3 it ž ->\i~k be careful work for OÍKlít TMI -3ü»4v> očao-S itĹftŕz Ti-r TT T<ťi> TÍ Tŕz leave Krl+ii" ĽťltT t ťlt/; deliver stop, park i^ioi-r A-trit AH+T A-tŕfri' A-tí-4 A-tŕ/i show Aí-t AT AÍl-v A4 A/i see IRREGULAR VERBS -t-t -T -1-v» dictionary -/; meaning í it ST CÍ-k < S í/i come bring t^Tiít í, o T í T tit:tľľ Í-.TÍ í. t,T}/: Lit L->(H'Lit LT Ľi'K L J: 7 **i> Líťv* Ľoit^'-tS L ŕ; L^rn-Lt do be rude introduce L Jt iin-Lit L j: -jí-i'LT The verb Lit ("do") follows various nouns, sometimes with and sometimes without the particle ŕ, to express a variety of meanings. Below is a sampling of "noun £ L it" combinations. The words in gray are not introduced in this text. TATA? Lit i'i-í'f Lít i'i'tfflf Lit 3f-f Lit Ä7Í Lit i Híí Liť L C i: S Lit l ijn £jt -5 £ L it -y g+■>?"£ Lit L J: < Ľí Lit X+-S Lit ;*#-•/£ Lit drive have a meeting shop make a copy play golf go for a walk work go on a business trip jog have a meal ski play sports ■tŕo*í>i>í Lit ŤŤ ĽÍ Lit f i'ioiHif Lit ř-Xf Lit TAfc>£ Lit K-MT"* Lit -•-ŤM-f Lit liífLÍ Lit KAÍjHř Lit J:f— words £*—words direction Zt,h here, this way there, that way &^ b over there £"r,b where people Zt,b this person Ý*>b that person **,b that person over there fcľ'i'ŕc. /í íl who thing :ft this ffl that that over there which place here there over there where demonstrative z t i Z' < ĽA % *> 7 c < ;' Egypt i->'7'F ii>'7"[- ľa T7b"TC France 77>X 77>xľa 77>X C' Germany K-f-y F-(7a K -f 7 C Indonesia -í vk^-í-t -í y H'7-v-TĽA -í yrt-ýT;' Italy 4?') T -í ? <) T Ľ A -í y U r c" Japan CliA i:|IAĽA l:|IAC New Zealand — i —-y"—7 y K — a. —-y — 7> F ĽA ái * c' Russia o->r D'/ru d-/t;' Spain x-t-í y x-i-f y ĽA x-<-í >c" Switzerland X-IX X-fXU K-í 7 r/77 y X C'/-í 7 >)TZ' Thailand y-í 7-í ĽA 9 A r United Kingdom -f ¥>)* -Í+"'JXĽA íľ:' United States T/') i] r/ u#ľa í»C The abstract numbers (i>^, lc, í A) are given on p. 10 (0-10), p. 23 (10-30; 40, 50___) and p. 30(100, 200___). (For an explanation of very large numbers, see Note 2, p. 29.) The U-iĹo, .i-ŕz^>, ft-->~> system is explained on p. 38 and given in full on p. 39, along with examples of two counters, i v > and IIA. Below are other counters used in this book. Floors of a house or building: •— i<\> I'-pTlH' 1st floor Oi > 5th floor l;i}n> 2nd floor í^ŕi' 6th floor JM'i- 3rd floor t*DS>i> 7th floor Hi-i' 4th floor l«ÍH> 8th floor ti'AiH ^/íi'Aí'i > how many floors, which floor Also: %fc isi'i \ (1st) basement floor (of several), t, fr Ľ tt, tI;íhi 9th floor 10th floor 11 th floor 12th floor Kfr\ \ 2nd basement floor, etc. 247 Liquid measure (cupful, glassful): i'ilíľ 1 cupful iclii1 2 cupfuls i/Cli'i* 3 cupfuls JXlii' 4 cupfuls -li^/lín/liV C'lii* -*, -, If v > li^liV ír/Uŕ<-> how many cups/glasses People: ~ UZ') .tK/C C"l^ \ZL 1 person 2 people 3 people 4 people 5 people l*,l-X íŕttl=X \tt>KL tiUzL how many people "t,ť Times: ~in * l:iH\ icr ;«h'. S/Cr *', r k' once twice 3 times 4 times 5 times 6 times 5 cupfuls 6 cupfuls 7 cupfuls 8 cupfuls 6 people 7 people n 8 people í rt> Ť lii* 9 cupful ĽDnlJV 10 cupfuls Ľ r» Ť p t IJV 11 cupfuls Ľ t» Ť Ulii* 12 cupfuls í rt> Ťl;X <|C/C Ľ n> -ji:X Ľ n> i v>*>i:A Ľ i» ilcicX li^ÍHV. \it,t ?»-)i)vľ. 5 i» ■? t" Ľ H> -5ijH\ Ľ rí Ť t* trXin * how many times íiX í;* how many times/degrees NOTE: Generally speaking, and ť may be used interchangeably. 9 people n 10 people 11 people 12 people 7 times 8 times 9 times 10 times 11 times 12 times Extent 100% 0% •CXi, *>iU ... H+X-tiX . -^V-i-tfX . -'j.'iv'-i-tiX very, extremely not very not at all lT1-o "This drink is very good." :<0 (OAtmlí jsž'J ťv L < toTŤ. "This drink is not very good." Z±'J ... -i-tiX •tiX-tiX... -i-tíX always often sometimes occasionally not very often never 248 liXC'li/CW ttT *'^>t f-L/ťí A í-fo "(I) always watch TV after dinner." UXC'li/,« AST u f-Uťt A i -f. "(I) often watch TV after dinner." \íLZ\tL> ...-i^iX tfX-ttX... -i-t!X a lot, many a few, a little not much/many none at all Ť %'Jii% "There are a lot of stores near my house." -) *>W i)ii*<7} ŕ>*~ <|: A-tti* -tfX-tŕX &') j-trXo "There are no stores near my house." Every: iw~ ii'*{ every morning ii'Ui every week ivMIX every evening, every night iv^í/í^lť? every month i>>i:£ every day ii'ttX/i^KL every year Periods Minutes: ~.iX/.iX i^.iX (iJX) (for) 1 minute if^.;x(i>X) (for) 8 minutes lc.iX(jJX) (for) 2 minutes iit,.;x«X) // 5/(-.;X(iJX) (for) 3 minutes í n> Ť.iX (íX) (for) 9 minutes J: ,c.;x (íX) (for) 4 minutes Ľ t»-3.'X(i5X) (for) 10 minutes c.;x «X) (for) 5 minutes U t» Ť v>-3,fi (*X) (for) 11 minutes ^.•X(>>X) (for) 6 minutes Ui l:.iX «X) (for) 12 minutes ÍL-íŕ.iX (Ľ>}X // *x,ľ*x (for) 3 hours li*,ĽAX (for) 8 hours ÍĽ*X (for) 4 hours )X (for) 6 hours u t* ť >*í>ľisx (for) 11 hours Ľ n> i i:ĽSX) (for) 8 days A-,A*«X) (for) 3 days ::j)4<(H) (for) 9 days J: -, ** (*X) (for) 4 days í: -5 í< (*X) (for) 10 days i'oi'IH) (for) 5 days Ľ rtO * * *, K *> (>X) (for) 6 days Ľrt.Ťi:i;*,(*X) (for) 12 days tXU *> (*X) how many days 249 Weeks: -Lkíí'A v't L rt> -jiJ-A i: L i» ň fr L S A L t> ifrL Jt AL m i^A C L i* i (ů^L) i>->í-lfo(^A) SAiMf-^jJvC) JXiWfo(iSvL) Olf-? (frL) z,-,tHfi(frL) (for) 1 month (for) 2 months (for) 3 months (for) 4 months (for) 5 months (for) 6 months *,íaA(^A) KftLtf-L) SAttAOS-A) £iiL(li-L) ííaA(^A) ^ r> L f* Ť jS'A U i» i i: L i» itf-A (for) 7 weeks (for) 8 weeks (for) 9 weeks (for) 10 weeks (for) 11 weeks (for) 12 weeks 'j.-'i'/Hf'^iX) lto*Mf-3(«%/C) 5<*7>Mf-o(7>~A) ĽI*o*Mf-3(^A) Ľi»"ji>otfMf-?(i}>A) Ľi»7i:iHfo(i}\C) %*j:ti.L(t-L) L£fcA(>ivC) 5n>7ttA(tfX) Ľ m ŤíaAťí-A) ľ * -5 i>£*iA(;»-a) Ľm Ť lift A (*X) (for) 7 months (for) 8 months (for) 9 months (for) 10 months (for) 11 months (for) 12 months (for) 7 years it (for) 8 years (for) 9 years (for) 10 years (for) 11 years (for) 12 years íiXfaA (i*A) how many years NOTE: Except for with Ľ5X and L ti> i ii-L, the suffix if L may be considered optional and need be added only when specificity is called for. Relative Time Day Ü iL iL ľ *StT day before yesterday yesterday today tomorrow day after tomorrow Morning tiH im f) Ž>i morning before last 5« 7« i>S yesterday morning It í this morning &L/C« £S tomorrow morning Ü-5 X i ZL L t» i week before last last week this week next week week after next Month •tfX-tfXIf-? -t+Alf-? C Alf o hi > If -o Sbv'lfo month before last last month this month next month month after next Evening tiiĹiL\«n líL/Xí * \íL/XZ, *>S^T« ML/íí evening/night before last yesterday evening/night this evening tomorrow evening/night evening/night of the day after tomorrow Year * ittL ČSL bi>ttA year before last last year this year next year S b i > U L year after next Seasons It* 4-3 spring summer *>5 autumn winter 250 ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES AND QUIZZES nrciiw .:.' - - ■-' .. :•,■■-.:-'. ■"■: :\. I -<:'■ '. ■'■'-"..^"'.'.-.VTšíä Lesson 1 V. K/CC'I Lesson 2 II. A. 1. A: Cílil lIATťK B:IH\ IÍAT+. 2.A: Cftli WTti'. !:li»'.^Tt. 3.A: :A li £lti> T+*% B: 1111. ültv>T-to B. 1. B: i'Pt. ^ÍTI±*'J i-tŕA. 2. B: m>i. WTIi* M i -tŕA. 3. B: i>i>*„ í^*Tlií>U i -tíX. III. 1.A: Cítil *iLTtí>\ B: ^í'T-f. 2. A: CíUi i'U'tí1. B: WT+. 3. A: Cítil íŕA T-ftf*. B: Iti^^T-f. IV. 1. Cílil ^ĽbSA« i-í?t. 2. :*tli tf^ŤSA« ült^T-f. 3. zun SS5SA« V. A. 1.A:CÍU1 XäxSA« líLT~Ťt\ B: liv\ 7. £XSA«T"f. 2. A: Cítil íŕ^tbSA« ^ ÍTtí\ B: l±i\ttiK;í>ÍA<7)T+. 3. A: C íl U -ŕ + ySA« i+v. >/;^T+^. B: lli >. ť + > SA«T-f. B. 1.B: i>i**.. ťíSSÍAOTTIiU'JÍ-ČA. 2. B: i h-x.. Ťl-ySA«Tli* ') í ti L, 3,B:vhü, X iXSAWTIi*,') i-tŕA. C. 1.A:Cílll ti*un IIAT"f*-„ B: XSXSA«T"fo 2. A: Cílli £*W) j}*5"T"ttf\ B: íŕ^Ľ bSA«T-f. 3. A: Cíllt ŕ;'íl« Ifi >tmT-ti\ B: ft>ÍWTt. VI. A. 1. JUJ/,« TXhli'AC'Ťli t"n SA« SA I: í-í Ť H*.« ÍĽÍf íŕíŕ J: A li^T-f. 2. ŕmlfrbin TX^IlXCill ťo SA« 5/C i: 1= c'w i^ i»t i>*. 6 < T-f. 3. 5XCŤW TAtolíAC'-ili -b'd ?AW C ^< í >i> Ť t'offl 5A i>^ i>^ ^*,t+. 4. /c*>i±lí;a« TX^nxc'Ťii -ť o sa« í a J:a c ík>ťot iíi ^< i: foTt. B. 1.A: ÍiHL i l±*« íf^j.' íľi J: A lí^T-f. 2. A: /:i-LHí) TAhlíAC?ll ífAlíAT+í% B:-fe'o SA ŕ, pí, i><; -5 < T"f o 3. A: íXCŤ« TA+3lřAC-5l± iXlíA T-f*-. B: -b" o SA« C £< *i*9 ^d« SA ^^ i1^ i'^TŤ. 4. A: 7cí-lllS A« TX^IÍACill ^AIÍAT+tf\, B: -t'o SA« SA ÍL C 5*7« í*i í < ic ťoTt. VIII. -b" o JA« SA J:A C Í^ť« 5mi ^< *> < -b"° |IIJItťl I Lesson 3 I 1.4 Ľ 2. 9 Ľ 3. 7 Ľ 1 5Ö-A 4. 10Ľ2 0.IX 5. 6 Ľ HA II. 1.A:^i i iXĽT"f *>. B: 6 ĽliAT-t. VI. 7 ĽIIA Lesson 4 I. 1. lí^Ľroi^A 2. y<>< í,Tfí-. 3. A: Cílll >'<««'. 4.A: ídlí i> < ttti'. 5. A: **UÍ Ki-o IX. 3 8.0 0 0 Lesson 5 II. 1.A:Ý« (?ľ i]/ý\t ^J (D f- >. 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C É i* Ä " st ° 1* ?> ' y. a-^~ •*> ' 0 Q <-i ^, a*- fit ' ť d "* 4. d* a. C4. ^ -á _ CJ. H- 0' - ci- o. ■ • 4 IX. ■4 4 -5 St ^1 -V-4 a. * (in m 3 H í 1 I Pit V it j ^ ,-t p» -j -1 4 ŕ* 4. f I f- 3 r) ř>-<*<- 3 jt ~j -V : ci- c; ° ^ ^ i" . r- . ht ' ŕ -t i. 1 .V m- ' y- ^ ! 4 • H- CJ- - 4 r 1 ^; W- _ -S r 3 ' ej- ,,, \ 4 ^ ľ1 '* t ŕr : !° o. -t a-a- J--C+ _ J- n •■ o >í f 1 ^^ o. (> W- - -Í o- c tx o. 3 a- s*. ■r- j-- V * U * Ht Ht d -4 a. (-1 -i «^ 4 _ •5 -J •+ f~ < < ' ix. o «t ^. C -s r- ^ f' ,-s- - - a- — ŕ <- č ^ x "■ * „t ^ °' Pft Si ' ° »&; «. * ■ L - pft o- " f^" (> ui ' • •+ 4 <■ ,> M -í «V _ ,> *t — J«- , r- '' h- o ■+ r\ ": n* 03 ' -t 00 l ' — •' «v t r< 5 «• C 4 -t 'o. -, ° .V &v r< ■> H co í ..' a. j. ■■ r 1 — 2 " r- »* ' * ď * ° ^ 'Í .. i> -A. " -- ' r,l7r< - ,> -r- ^ o, H ^ ' 7 »í r * ! vT' (?+• -> r- •4 ^ ° ^ N > MV C-í> a. V -V \| 4 H " f' v4> ° ,> ' y o. -V a- r: >^ '* C Ú h !*■ - '" 4 a- a; St ^J ' Jt p 4c^ä* ^ o. '* Mt 44Í* • ^ f+ ^ a- ~ ■4^ '*o. -S ^ ŕ* -1 a- r* U3 ^ t-, 6- *■ T* j^r- >j^Mt>J i Mt ,.. o. » tf ;., V IÍ4X4ÍÍ >**1' ^ ^:^^ , 1 ^ ■•" ííSiiw-í + n-?; ^W^-^V^^^H-ÍJŕrl MV- í. ;í -4 » a!' ^ St 4 * rr. - »**>'*• ■+ i ^ '-Vo^J+a-,, da--4.?'?. --Mt^^^0 "+ d . >4 V rif ř- '* ^ '* ff -4 ■ • 11, ^ fid (-7 V 'S ^ '* Pí a- S M-K^-4 w ^ ' ■ uu rv, »t o. a. • »v S; ' S"" I --4 í? i»— *^:'*a-(t-4h- i. i »cw» " ^ ■ o. » ?- 7 ^ c ,* ^ 5 -s ľ; " "• ^ V °- 4- 0, ^ 1 a. M- ■4 f* ^ ,* N K ix ■+ í' '* •+ Pi pi .V -' ,' Mt t^tr-' k a- 4 •4 ** 1 -4 -ľ., + :"' ■4 St + w <-: * v . I i± ^ >J 7-, a. v ^' o (1 — ^4^'í 4 * Ú n ", '* Ť Ľ 4 * * "■ Mt U H- °' ^ St M. \I-=Ä a- Mt í 1 ť -= Mt í" ^ f* ° -A N '* ■+ IX -i ^ v H- '* Hl CD SCRIPT FOR EXERCISES Lesson 1, Exercise V HLti — TTtfr. ŕzt-lil: i'i«i, ^rLTt. Lesson 2, Exercise VIII HLt£"A|± UĽí'ípTtí1. 7oy (-: 7 Ľ |i/C>}'bT"r. X = X: Ľ*9 t áb'j^Ť.-' Lesson 4, Exercise IX XJX: i>HI± eřtí^íTt^. A-tŕW CA£:|±o„ X;X: v>}\ A-trOT V£:Tjt<)1}íi-f>}*,, X = X: ř'<-H: \>S±-r. i+Ľt: ťíli: i'íití'. X;X: t t ŕ: *>H i*5i-f. Lesson 7, Exercise X Ťt^: t < Jt ilfi: i'iit. ■f-fí: Í.XT i'ííti-. +-TS: íŤT-fi>>. Questions: 2. ^^-^í/CIá 'j'U «feíí^LLílc i'íi-ři}-„ 258 Lesson 8, Exercise Vlil Ms. Nakamura is talking about her building. 1. 1 iH'l: iXc-ji»' *Mito 2. 27}n>i; rJj-jr/ASjt <*< *'Jii\ 3.3^ M: UXh7>-í>! Mít, Lesson 9, Exercise VII XäX: tAi-tŕ/U ^nôlí-Ujtili iŕ3T"fi4\ fcX/JTW UV.:7.-'<-it. Lesson 10, Exercise Vlil Ť + yí/Cli £'J:ií/i: 111: t, t TLlrT í~ii < bT fc£*i> «Tb? Ai l/c fc'Tb« l:hT í/žrii/Cf HiLt. Lesson 11, Exercise IX ^ťbi-f-^J/UÍ J:< m-hiLK T Lb* lit<\ ft>: lni, jhin Li-Í«'. J:< /-^í «<'Jii\ Lesson 12, Exercise XII íi-^fb:*Lŕ; utrieť Ii3rti: put. X; x: i±c #ai± trx,íŕ £ 3-?>T"f í-. Lesson 13, Exercise VI ÍíOťU X = XÍL:i:T4 i:íY<-?L/;. Lesson 15, Exercise VII i-f$:XiZ.5L. lc£Jtir/lc v-? lile I c o X;X: ii. i*3iljti. -f-fí:íi.'/CT i'iiLiii'. XäX: T/llvli ť-jT+iK -f-fí:*.*.. fHíLn. C v. u*,J:ŤE/lc 3 i U i>í Ítf/W\ Lesson 16, Exercise VII XiX.'-f-fíS/C, 77^/;ia<-/Ui c; X 5 X: íi, ÍJtij'uL ±-f. í>UÍt4\ Question: t;M' t>ľí ^íít*\ 259 BEHU Lesson 17, Exercise XI íf-j-iVb: Ť-t-vťíA. Li»i±-5ic »v>i + í% Lesson 18, Exercise VII •"S33Í Lesson 19, Exercise IX X5X: i"A£tf/C. 7jL v>^b nfAŕ^'-l-fT cT in'biM'T^t 3o.;x<'b^ *-<-')£-*-„ x;x: Ý-jTtí". i'H'i: i CiVii". Lesson 20, Exercise VII X = X: -TAi-tíX. 3 Ľli/U-b iH>*Lof oí>,Tt iu>Tfí\ "ií-Lb: li<.\ ťH". X; X: t>*)t<\Ĺ 7 C'í"v>i1-0 Lesson 21, Exercise VI Ť-f V:lív>. friHJ i l ŕ;. nmuTii ..,.'.".... i Lesson 22, Exercise VII í í í: X ž Xí/Cli ťZVtii\ Ťty:i'i 3>}'i><7) íh'Í'L-^T «í <> <Í/Cc- ll^-Lí LTv-ít. i í í: -tiTi-íi-. Question.XäXi/Ui i>i i-|:í ITvÍí"j5\ Lesson 23, Exercise XI X = X: i"AÍ-t+,C. Whýyo-?« TXfrlí/Cr-jS l r> T«.'£+"}-„ í.-^ft:liv>. 03-3944-6493Ti"o X ä X; ii'Ji'KiC'i'KÍt. Question: Uxl-^o-^« T/C*">li"X::'7li "iXIJXTi"*', IBHB ' •■ .' ". ,.-,-... . --, ,T _-!;. *| Lesson 24, Exercise VII -»-fc 7: b^Liti 77/Xí) L L vi: v*£i". x: X: y K U T i'ilth -Vi:-j:-----Ä.f-t-ysx,"-: ■. ■<£-*-„ Ť+ytrx,ii 77>7;> Ľnfťtí-b. Lesson 25, Exercise VIM «-Ľb:X;Xí/C. Ljibľ íř/d' £:?i: -fA/ivTi"*-, X;X; f iTttl, íľjľ ibU fA/:\'Tt. tíí-ťí,: íiTtí1. 260 Japanese-English Glossary ÍS: oh, 57 Tíxyl-Á: ice cream, 104 7* -í X "7 — t —: ice coffee, 199 iľ i "f: meet,98,100,143,162,163, 197 ÍSftv(T"f):blue,37,38 JM"-'. * (Ti"): red, 37, 38 í) í' 5 "V: Akasaka (district), 182 "M-~b f L: baby, 199 í) It í i": open, 151, 160, 163, 196, 197 áólf i-f: give, no, 123,124 áS í : morning, 26 í> 3 < í: Asakusa (district), lis í> í < 3 X í: Asakusa Station, 141 í> í I* I i L: breakfast, 26, 90 í) í -t» T: the day after tomorrow, 52 ŕ>i'.';: Azabu (district), 182 í) L : leg, foot, 233 í> L tz: tomorrow, 49, 50, 51 í>i* iľ iTíťiw: please take care of, 176: "fei**N 'J í "t: take care of, be in charge of, 176 ÍS -"c 3: over there, 77 titztzfri* (Ti"): warm, 235 #> 7c i : head, 233 JiřríjLi' (Ti"): new, fresh, 112, 114 áS b b: that person over there, 230 &->\ > (Ti"): hot (of temperature), 113, 114,133 i> : your, io áS U: older brother, 215 ijtt: older sister, 215 & <7>: that over there (used before a noun), 20,37 äS í i' (Ti"): sweet, 113,114 *i ') ... - í -tt A: not much, 99, 248-49 T / 'J 27: the United States, 4 T / 'J # U A: American (person), 4 * ') ">5 £ Ť : thank you, i-fit í) 'J i Ý: be, exist, 68,69,72,77; have, own, 151; there is/are going to be, 141,142 f> h i * T: by foot, by walking, 60, 63 í>í>í i i": walk, 181 £> ft: that one over there, 20,31 áS h £" 7: Ando (surname), 217 m' (Ti"): good,nice, 113,114,133 v H*x.: no,2, 6,48,204; wx. (Í, Ť) If i C 7 Ti": no thank you, I'm fine, 112,140 v u * Ti* fa: that's nice, 69; that sounds good,147 iH>Jt :say, 170,172 ". u > X/ T+ *": is it all right?, 151 v^s*'Ti""is: how about... ?, m, 112 l" * tz ■■ * Ti": want to go, 222, 234; v > í Í L t Ť 4': shall we go?, 141,143; I' 5 i Í": go, 48, 49, 50, 51,52, 143, 160,162,163, 178,222; >. "■ í £ •tfX/"5\ won't you go (with me)?, 140,141,143 -Í +"') X: the United Kingdom, 4 -f +'') X Ľ L: Briton, 4 i'<7: how many (small objects), 80 v' { b: how much, 28 i »Itliif: ikebana,flower arranging,233 i' L : busy, 113,114 1 > tz i. * (Ti"): be painful, hurt, 222, 234; ouch!, 157 ". "■ /; ti í i i": (said before eating), 111,112 -í?1' T: Italy, 41 -Í 7 'J T 'J Jt "5 '): Italian food, 228 vr>: one, 10 v £> "r> < : one hundred million, 29 v* "^,3Íío: January, 61 !.' í L: ten thousand, 29,30 v '-"> when, 54 v»o ji<: the fifth (of the month), 61 v' t t)h >: first floor, ground floor, 70 I'tU U: together, 141 v -o £> Jt Ť : one trillion, 29 ^ \oo; five, 39 ^iTb-jLíi4: good-bye, have a nice trip, 57 l>ti: Ito (surname), 215 v' *tl:dog, 95 vi: now, 21 v í i": be, exist, 68,72,178; be, stay, 184 vtiK.vtŤKiXv: younger sister, 215 -f -\rh— V: earphones, headphones, 189 -( i* ,1". — y "V -f r": recorded guide, 189 -f +') y 7": earring, 124 -.'bo L f vi "ť: be, 136 i'b-jLfi'Hr: may I help you?, welcome, 28 "■' ') <**>: entrance, 84,143 "■"HÍÍ": put in, add, 197 v' í: color, 122 •J -( X ť —: whiskey, 226 7 á.: top, above, 71 7 5 J; X: ukiyoe (woodblock print), 188 •j Iť'lt: reception desk, receptionist, 8,70 7 L h\ back, behind,71 7 b: house, 50 7 -3 T v i+: sell, 204, 213,214,215; 7 ') £ i": sell, 204, 213, 215 7 A: ocean, sea, 229 7 L X L L ií: driver, 57 á.: painting, picture, 119 XT "7 y; air conditioner, 153 X.V ^<: movie, 22 X. v $' J: 7 -j": sales department, 205 X. v * C': English (language), 35 X.X:yes, 9,140,149 X. í : station, 50 X. í v L; station employee, 187 XX 77 U— 7 —: escalator, 206 i.\í¥i: postcard, 189 il/-\-?-: elevator, 206 ~X./C:yen, 28,31 J.y -ý ~7\ engineer, 5 X. A £/""': pencil, 78 t('U' (Ti"): delicious, tasty, 97, 113,114, 133 Ü ti 5 V (Ti"): large, big, 38,110, 112,114 %i ti Í i\ Osaka, 52 ti Ü Í *s L L •<•: Osaka (branch) office, 52 žť — X I- 7 ') T: Australia, 4 t — X h^'JTĽA: Australian (person), 4 ť ti X i i;: Otemachi (district), 182 iHl-íh Í L: (another person's) mother, 99 ti tľ L: sweets, 111 i^'fa: money, 154 tiJŕh: Ogawa (surname),xiv t! á1 L Ľ J: 7 : bill, check, 106 ti 5 t£h: Okinawa (islands), 66 ti i í i": put, 194 ťif<ÍA: customer, client, 191 ti < : one hundred million, 29 ti < Í L: (another person's) wife, 95,99 ř(oT(/:íiv: please send, 169; ti < 'J ±i":send, 98,100 ti Z í L: child, 215 Ü L X. i i": teach, show, tell, 170,172 fctfi L Í "t: may I come in?, 121 ti U Je 7 Í L: daughter, 215 tí t v (Ti"): be late, 238 títi^s lí: Odaiba (district), 76 titz i: (another person's) house, 131 titzí: Otaru (city), 167 ti "b í) V: Ochiai (surname), 229 ti "b V: green tea, 90; tea ceremony, 233 £ o (Ĺ: (my) husband, 99 ti X í) b "■': restroom, lavatory, 70 fe T b: Buddhist temple, 69 ti iĹ 7 "S L: (another person's) father, 99 WĹŤZ.tíZl t í /C: younger brother, 215 & et I: male, man, 72 ti£Zí C: older brother,215 a tí X. í L: older sister, 215 firl^'i » L i -f: please (get me ...), 8,96 H (Ti"): interesting, 113, 114, 133 fi 'j i i": get off (a vehicle), ISO, I8I fi/C7?* < : music, 92 fi/C-t+/C: hot spring (resort), 67,69 ti/C7!*': female, woman, 21 fi/Cíi'«?) CI: girl,80 &Lt£ s >: carnation, 123 fl — -Í ->{'t,: ticket gate, 141 T}"* * L ^: company, the office, 9 fr^ ^.r/C: stairs, 206 tf A V: guide, 189 fr'' sÍÍ":buy, 88, 91,92, 160, 163, 178 fri > í, í L i i": shop, 91 f)*;*. U í "f; return, go horne, 48,51,52, 160, 162,163, 178, 197 i'*' 'j i i": take (time), 179,180,181 í" í': key, ll fr í i i"; write, 98,100,160,162,163, 178, 197 fr C: furniture, 234 7Í< < -tí" *■ V student, 5 ~^lf-0:month(s), 181 fr$: umbrella, 11 fr L i L X 9 fr: shall I lend you?, i5o; i'L ä i": lend, 150,151,172 fri" < : family, 69 frfz: shoulder, 233 fl 9 c 7": catalog, 169,189 ~fr-^>: month, 61 7}s^> í* i i": carry (on one's shoulders), 150 fr'i Z 7 : school, 101 7/" -y 7": cup, 43 fr¥: corner, 171 fr C 9 : Kato (surname), xiii tjsÍĽ* V (my) wife, 99 fr O. L: briefcase, tote bag, 71 fr If L: vase, 122 fr.i'i: Kabuki,S9 fr Í ( b: Kamakura (town), 75 fr X 9 If: Tuesday, 60 fr-h: because, 98,141,142; from, 21, 22,61 frh\* (Ti"): hot,spicy, 113,114 fl ť — : curry, 115 frLZ < : South Korea,41 fr L Z < C*: Korean (language), 226 fr L Ľ: kanji, Chinese character(s), 225 í í í -f: ask, 98,162,163; listen (to), 91, 92,160,162,163 + X: whiting, 98 í tz C£>: north exit, 143 í -3 T: stamp, 38 ? -o,!': ticket, 124 ÍK/:'}'1: please come, 131; í í i": come, 48, 49,50,51,52, I6O, 162, 163, 178,196, 197 íl: lír* >T< fž$ v •: don't worry about it, 200; íl: L í i": worry (about), be bothered (by), 200 iilLlf: anniversary, 129 ÍWÍ: yesterday, 51 i.V'Lfr bi>\ %/CTi": I don't feel well, 157 í r* 9° : nine, 10 í i* 9 Ľ i» Ť : ninety, 23 3 Jt Ť : today, 51 í X Ť t: Kyoto, 52 í J: iíL: last year, 51 í Hl »Ti" or í *U l1i': pretty,clean, 110,111,113, 116,133 Ť c: kilogram,42 í í oltT: take care, 161 ? /C X. /C: no smoking, nonsmoking, 197 í'/C Z 9 : bank, 7,22 í'A, í": Ginza (district), 52 í L X 9 If: Friday, 59,60 ( : nine, 10 < 9 Z 9 : airport, 50 < fr-~>: September, 61 < i" 'i: medicine, 78 < i" U f: drugstore, 78 ( tz í * \ please give me, 28,29,38 < tž t 0): fruit, 224 7-/íyfX?-lk cooking school, 232 ( 1^: (my) country, 105 C^V about, approximately, 120 7 "7 X: class, 235 9 7 7*: (exercise) club, 94; golf club, 155 9 'J — >: Green (surname), xiii 7 U XVX: Christmas, 126 < í í: car, 41,61 < -5 v > (Ti"): black, 38 < J; 9 If: Monday, 60 \ÍĽČl: kendo, 231 3: child, 80 C: five, 10 ~ C: language, 35 C 9 i. L: park, 50 3 9 < 9 VfL: airmail, 171 Z Ť Í X L: intersection, 171 C 9 U X 9 : factory, 161 - 9 ^. f: tea, 90 3 9 IÍA: police box, 78 :i<: Kobe (city), 167 ^7— h: coat, 124 3— t—: coffee, 43,90 3 — t — 7Í7 y 7°: coffee cup, 43 C'^'O; May, 61 3 C: here, 82 C C': p.m., in the afternoon, 22 Z C fr: the ninth (of the month), 61 C CW-3: nine,39 C L: lower back, 233 3 Ľ í : Kojima (surname), 219 Z' C ti 9: fifty, 21,23 C* Ľ rí 9 L J:: (another person's) address, 174 C L rí Ľ yC: (another person's) husband, 99 Z Ľ tp o.i°/ó: fifty minutes,21 C -tf/C: a.m., in the morning, 23 C i? h: this one, 3 Z t L : this year, 51 Z ť i: child, 215 3 íO; this (used before a noun), 20,39 ™ \tt^ L: Kobayashi (surname), 219 Z'lt L: meal, 26 3 t°— Ý L í i": make a photocopy, 156 Í'WÍ L i-f: play golf, 95 Z ft: this one, 9, 20; C Hli ? : what about this?, 9,10 C *o: about, 85 Z XJf "^: this month, 51 3 V-t— h : concert, 132 C A L rp 9 : this week, 51 C L £*: this coming, 105 262 - /Clí A: this evening, 155 3 y ť—: convenience store, 77 í í>: let me see, 220; í í>. fofr') t tŕ/C: I don't know, 220 í v \j-: wallet, 73 Í<"í.':fish, 98 í í^: liquor store, 78 í í: ahead, 171 í < bí/Ľr>7ií'i: Sakura Art Museum, 179 í It:sake, 90 í í í : Sasaki (surname), xiii *y -y fl —: soccer, 142,224 í' o L : magazine, 33 í -}lí~b: Sapporo (city), 103 í o [í-^ L L V: Sapporo (branch) office, 103 iři Sato (surname), 161 í t 9 : sugar, 199 ~ 3 í : Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, 97 í Ľ1 * (Ti"): cold, 113,114, 133 týf salad, 90 í /ó:three, 10 ~ í A: Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, 3 .*/(,!}*-> March, 61 Í L Ľ » 9 : thirty, 23 "t > KM -y -ŕ: sandwich, 90 í LI: A: three people, 79 r'AílAT-f'}-*. -7C'iii'*7Žľ Ti": I'm sorry, but it wouldn't be convenient (for me), 140,144 +ŕ y 7 "7 > '> X 17; San Francisco, 184 +*"> 7%: sample, 170 í Híí L Í "f: go for a walk, 95 L: four, 10 ~ Ľ: o'clock, 21,23 L^^: game,match, 142 L <"3: April, 61 Ľ #X/C: time, 152 ~ Ľ 4SX>: hour(s), 180 L C' t: work, job, 22 LC'íí L i i": work, 91 L L ť: branch office, 50 Ľ L J:: dictionary, 35 LÍ"i}NTÝor Lľfrtt: quiet, 113, 116, 133 L /č: bottom, below, under, 71 L %: seven, 10 L t>fri: July, 61 L-iTi'it: know, 204,214,215 L-^iťU^lii^good-bye^g.so L f£fr*h: Shinagawa (district), 217 l.v^Shibuya (district), 57 IS-'CX. í : Shibuya Station, 175 L í Í": do, 89, 92, 143, 160, 162, 163, 178, 196,197 -/ A: gym, 26 L *í> Í i": close, shut, 151, 163, 196, 197 Ľ f: well then, 28,29 *> -ť — 7°^ >->>!/; mechanical pencil, 35 Ľ <ř & 'J i -tíX: is/are not, 2 Ľ f Ž 'J i -tt/CT L tz: was/were not, 2 L ^ L /C: photograph, 151 'ý -ť X": jazz, 228 Ľc^i 9 : president (of a company), 101 Ľ r» 9 : ten, 23 Ľ t 9 ^ > i> fr~~>: November, 61 Ľ rí> 9 ^ t> Ľ: eleven o'clock, 23 Ľ U> 9 ti < : one billion (=1,000,000,000), 29 Ľ 1* 9 i}*-^: October, 61 ~ L 1* 9 tf'/C: week(s), I81 •> n. — 7 'J — A: cream puff, 44 Ľ it 9 Li: address, 10 v" a. ~ X: juice, 90 Ľ 1* 9 íl" 9 : judo, 233 U ií 9 l:^*"^: December,61 L 1» 9 Í ">: weekend, 89 Ľ ií 9 í /C: one hundred thousand, 29 Ľ f» 9 Jt t í": the fourteenth (of the month), 61 li» J'í 9 : class, 152 L r* U /C: (my) husband, 99 L rl> o Í5 J 9 : business trip, 57 Li iil'^Lit: introduce, 230 Ľ J: 9 i""Ti": be skilled, 222, 223,224, 225 L X 9 If L: product, merchandise, 169 I J: 9 h i V the future, 235 •> 3 ~: show, 132 vg+'y/f L i i": jog, 91 li3^7'>3^7: Chocolat-Chocolat (fictitious product name), 213 •/ 3 yvy-. Johnson (surname), 61 L 'i X 9 : data, information, material, documents, literature, 173 L-?.iMTi"):white, 175 ~ Ľ k>: -ese, -ian (person from), 4 L LfrL^L: the Shinkansen, 61 L L C* 9 : traffic signal, 171 Ľ >C Ľ V: Shinto shrine, 69 L L Ľ 1» < : Shinjuku (district), 147 L A Ľ 1» < Ä S : Shinjuku Station, 147 l/C-tínT-tor L/L-tt-TiVkind, helpful, 113,116 L L\í L : Shimbashi (district), 147 L Hi L í í : Shimbashi Station, 147 L L^L: newspaper, 11 Í* * * X. 1. V swimming, 224 X 'f X: Switzerland, 39 (TclíC f )"f ^ ± i": smoke (a cigarette), 189,190,196 i" 1* J: 9 í/: Wednesday, 60 X —' ^0—: supermarket, 22 X — 7": soup, 90 X 77 — 7: scarf, 124 X Ť—: skiing, 224 i" í Ti": like, 222,224,225 i" í tC: favorite, 122 -f* f í:sukiyaki, 115 i* <": soon, right away, 169 i" L: sushi, 103 i" L í í: Sushimasa (fictitious sushi bar), 220 i" L Y3: sushi restaurant, 103 i""f í : Suzuki (surname), xiv Xf- —=f-; steak, 93 i" X í tt': fine, wonderful, lovely, 231 X ' °: spa, 69 XrK —'y;sport(s), 94 X tK — 7 9 7 7: gym, fitness/sports club, 94 X £ X: Smith (surname),xiii i"Aii": live,204,214,215; Í"/CTvx í i": live, 204,214,215 i"Ä í -tí"/L: I'm sorry, 17, iss; excuse me, 21; i" A i-ď X,T L 7c: I'm sorry, 157 Í" t 9 : sumo wrestling, 144 -tľľ — í7 —: sweater, 74 -t+ortoř L T»1 í i": is/are explaining, 205, 207; -tí"3 *■> i > í Li i": explain, 205,206,207 -tŕ if A\' back, 233 •tf CA: by all means, certainly, 140,149 -tf c7: zero, 10 -t o T — 7': Scotch tape, 78 -tt A: one thousand, 29,30 ~J±L: (train) line, 187 -tt/Cri < : one hundred billion, 29 -t+/Clf-> last month, 51 •tt/C L t* 9 : last week, 51 -tf/C-t+% ... - i -ti/C: not at all, 103, 248-49 ■it L i A: ten million, 29 f i Ľf L i i": dean, 206,207 Ý 9 Ti": that's right, 9,10; Ý 9 Ti" <":lsee, 27 Ť LT:and,2l7 Ý í. b: there, 49 -?- <ľ>: that (used before a noun), 20,37, 232 -?" Ií ^ŕ3: buckwheat noodle shop, 76 V 7 r — : sofa, 71 t H: that (one), 20,28 ^iXfrh: also, in addition, 170 Ý -^ Ý í: in just a short while, 129 ÝÍ.Ý6 L-3*U>Lii":it'stime to be going, I'd better get going, 129 9 -i: Thailand, 4 ~7;iv: want to, 222, 234 fz\ *^h *; large gathering, 142 tz*< *fr{ : university,college, 7 fz\* L >5X/C: embassy, 15 ŕíi'Ľl 9 .i'Ti")»%:areyouall right?, 157 ? A Ľ A: Thai (person), 4 tz * V^/C: very much, extremely, 214 263 9 % IV: towel, 43 tz tľ-*- * (Z"t): expensive, 112, 114 tz ů^lt L: Takahashi (surname), xiv tz 5 : waterfall, 76 tzi í /C: a lot, many, much, 80 7 /* i—: taxi. 61 9 9 -> — ') I i: taxi stand, 78 /c < !±^ *£//C: courier service, i7l /; *i i "f: stand up, 196,197 tz#*: basement, 70 t,ÍH > (Ti"): near, 112,114 t>fr iSiHv first basement floor,"70 7? ^ < : vicinity, nearby, 71 *>/J*T^:subway,59,6l t,~f: map, 152 *> i>: (my) father, 99 *>r><7) It: Father's Day, 128 f" -ť y; Chan (surname), xiii t»iC{: China, 4 £. tf> 7 Z' < 3.': Chinese (language), 226 £ tf 7 ^' < Ľ /C: Chinese (person), 4 t, k* -? L ť í /C L: no parking, 197 *> r)> 7 L f Ľ J; 7 : parking lot, 70 "ŕa.— 'J y 7°: tulip, 123 J: -z, t ■ a little bit, n\;t>t->iĹ ft í Ťó 4 ŕ: í ^ V please wait a minute, 136; *, Jt TU á-, T < /ííi>; please wait a minute, 121; *? J; -? cC í ^> L \v Ti" íN: do you have a moment?, 161, 162 "^H * íc ^: the first (of the month), 61 tH % í i": use, 169,189,190,196; "5 i)' fr Ír v > T < /i' í v >: please don't use, 195 "OÍ": next, 172 ~~>i i "f; arrive, 180,181 -~> < 'J Í "í": make, 206, 207 "71+ii": turn on, 151,163 —j T Ír/C Ti" <": what is a/an ... 7, 69 t £ #"> T i > f i": be employed, 204, 214, 215; t i: J6 i f: be employed, 204, 215 -~> i : (my) wife, 99 ~> í h íť i > (Ti"): boring, tedious, 132,133 T: hand, arm, 233 T: by means of, 59, 60; (indicating location), 89,90,142; (indicating means of telecommunication or post), 170 ý- — ~fiV: table, 71 T i'A: letter, 99 Tí)'A$ iJsí í i": write a letter, 88 T<"*,:exit, 198 T C'í"* > í i": (humble form of T i"), 96 -f'-y 77 /: digital camera, 30 TLi:: was/were, 2 Ti":be, 2,3,77 T *> J: 9 : datebook, small notebook, planner, 17 X —X: tennis, 223 7-X3- F: tennis court, 95 f" — X£ L i i": play tennis, 91 Tl±: well then, in any case, 29,49 -r' °— h : department store, 3, 22 Tlií> U Í -ti:/C: is/are not, 2, n Tlí*'J i tf/CT Líc: was/were not, 2 T i X: just before, 171 T i L J: 7 t>\ shall we leave?, 179; T Í i":leave, 179,180,181 T t: but, 150 ~ T t i h > Ti" tfs: is ... all right?, 36 ■ŕ y Ľ: television, 30 T /C: decimal point, 29 Z bi: weather, 120 TA í: (electric) light, 163 T/C í f: electronics store, 213 T/C L U L J:: electronic dictionary, 126 T/C l "p: train,61 T /C.i° b: tempura, 89 Z Áj.l'hť: tempura restaurant, 98 T L í í: Tenmasa (fictitious restaurant name), 96 Z L h: telephone, 10 T/CtoliX C 7: telephone number, 10 Z'L h í L i i": telephone, 88,98,100 iĹ : and, 70, 72; with, together with, 49, 50 ~ £": degree, 236 F'T: door, 153 K A 7: Germany,4 K 'í y Z : German (language), 226 F" 4 7 Ľ /C: German (person), 4 iĹ" Ť : how, 135; ť 7 Z" L íc i': how was . . . ?, 135; cť 7 Ti"/i\ how is .. . ?, 141 iĹ 7 1. * íi L í L T: you're welcome, 22 £ Ť í J: 7 : Tokyo, 7 £ Ť 5 J: 7 Ž. í : Tokyo Station, 52 KiítiX 9 i> T A: Tokyo Stadium, 230 Eli J Ť í; i >*' < : Tokyo University, 7 iĹ 7 í J: 7 7 7—: Tokyo Tower, 175 tiíii .t--'U: Tokyo Hall, 147 iĹ 7 * J: i + ŕ/b: Tokyo Hotel, 65 £"7 <": tool, equipment, 155 Č Ť L T: why, 168 £" i Lí L í: í%: what's the matter with you?, 236 Z'l -ť: please, if you please, 9,111,112; ľ." i -ř Z í) b 'n: come right this way, 59 ťl t: thanks, 175; ť i i A^i'iĹ i : thank you, 9,26; ťl t $>')$' t Ť C'í*«. > í L tz: thank you very much, 129; ť 1 í, íi'jí'i: i C'í ^v i *^": thank you very much, 9 £' 9 Í^T: how, in what way, 182 iĹ ío: ten, 38,39 K til MT1"): far, 112, H4 Ü ť tí-: the tenth (of the month), 61 íí fi: sometimes, 97 iĹ 11 v>: watch, clock, 11 £' "1: where, which place, 41 Ü 3 "?>: place, 118 iĹ L J: i4-/C: library, 94 tit: very, 111 iL £"11" i Ý: deliver, 170,172 f Íl" í;: who, 8 t í'1): next to, 71 £"(7): which (used before a noun), 58 £*(/) <"ť,v >: how long, 179 tftit: stop, park, 170,172,196 iĹ t tž *>: friend, 50 Ľ" J: i í/: Saturday, 60 (UUf) NTt in>T-f/í-: may I take (a photograph)?, 188; et 'J i "f: take (a photograph), 151,172, 196; £ 'J í "f J;: (said when you are about to take someone's photo), 195 £'it: which one, 37, 58 £"/Cíc: what kind of, 1 is i.'/^: inside, middle, 71 tĽfrtj h: Nakamura (surname), xiii *i Z'K': Nagoya (city), 213 ÍĽO; summer, 62 f±~3K"Ť J+: summer vacation, 62 Íl'Í.': seven, 10 Ír í.' Ľ rí> 7 : seventy, 23 ÍĽí."^: seven, 39 ÍĽI-: what, 69 Íri: t ... - i -t+A: nothing, 72 ÍTí/)'?': the seventh (of the month), 61 íi'íi: name,9,10 í.' i Ľ— /U: draft beer, 105 Ír V >Í;\»T+: wanttolearn, 232, 234; Ír h 1v i "f: learn, take lessons in, 230 V ') tz < Ť I Ť : Narita Airport, 184 Ír h: what, 13 ír/^/i^'O; what month, 62 í'/C Ľ: what time, 21; Ír A Ľ C'-?>: about/approximately what time, 85 Ír L T: how, by what means, 60,63 Ír h Z L X 9 ?ÍN: how may I help you? 176 Ír LI: £>: what day (of the month), 62 264 Ír h I: A: how many people, 79 ÍT/Cli'/C: what number, 15 ÍT/Cíí/C; how many (long, thin objects), 80 ii' A i ^ v. how many (flat objects). 80 ri' A J: 1 If: what day (of the week), 62 I:: (as object marker), 88; at, on, in, 59, 60, 68; (indicating direction of movement), 48,49,180; (indicating giver/ receiver), 110; (indicating place), 214; (indicating receiver of an action), 88 U: two, 10 I - h 1 * í "f: suit, look good on, 129 [Zti'-r>: February,61 i: i'K'ti-Z-ť or i: Í'^A-ÍT: lively, 113, 116, 133 i: L (.'%: west exit, 143 U Ľ r> ■): twenty, 23 U Ľ r)/ 9 J: -z> 7j\ the twenty-fourth (of the month), 61 ~ I: £>: day (of the month), 61 ~izt, (*-/C): day(s), 180 \~t>Xi If: Sunday, 60 It^O: Nikko (scenic area), 69 Uli/C: Japan,4 U 11 h Z: Japanese (language), 74 C 11L Ľ L: Japanese (person), 4 Uli L '1 i 1 '): Japanese food, 232 U t O; luggage, baggage, 153 Ut^í tí < 'J í i": send luggage, 88 ^- ži. — 3 — 9 : New York, 184 [Zh: garden,82 ~I:.C: person, 79 U: right?, isn't it?, 49,5o í 7 ? < : necktie, 124 íl "3: fever, 236 í-7?l'X; necklace, 124 ~- íl /y. year, 60 ~Í1/C(4S A i -f: drink, 88,91,92,160,162,163, 196, 197 í)1) ä "f: get on (a vehicle), 180,181 li: (indicating question), 10; (instead of í), 211, 214; (instead of ly*), 58, 68; (topic marker), 2, 3; (with other particles), 214 II: tooth, 233 '<—:bar, 93 '<— 7~" V-t — /k clearance sale, 132 '*— f" -f —: party,22 '*— 7-4— £ L í "f: have a party, 149 I±V >: yes. 2, 6, 48, 140,149,204; 111 \ £" 9 -Ý": please go ahead, please feel free, 8,188 ~l±v vli* Vlí>. V cupful,glassful, 111 lil» U ä i"; enter, 189,190 l±/)'í: postcard, 38 l± ZtžZ: Hakodate (city), I61 li I íl: Hakone (national park), 75 I i í A: scissors, 78 li Ľ *i í LT: how do you do, 3 ' i) li; bus terminal, 78 ''V3y: (personal) computer, 30 li*>: eight, 10 (i*>/4<"^: August, 61 li*> Ľ: eight o'clock, 23 li *. Ľ U> Ô : eighty, 23 IÍ-TJ-: the twentieth (of the month), 61 It^tf: happi coat, 150 lii.': flower, 71 llíťLř Lii": talk, 146,206,207 líírízli: bouquet, 123 liírí/: fireworks, 142 li^'t/íľ1. >: fireworks display, 142 l±li:(my)mother,99 liliCO tí: Mother's Day, 128 lib: rose. 123 '{U : Paris, 185 ' < U V 9 A y 7""—: Valentine's Day, 126 li/C: half past (of time), 23 IÍ/C: evening, 26 ~li*/C: number. . .,57 '<>: bread,78 If L Z 1: number, 10 liX C*li/C: dinner, 26,90 ~liX-tcA: platform number, 187 '\'y^—tf—: hamburger, 199 IÍ/CI3S V sales, marketing, 161 /071/7 h : pamphlet, brochure, 188,189 ': east exit, 143 r> í í; L: drawer, 74 f>C Ť 5: airplane, 61 t'-f: pizza, 172 t/Ľ r))"^íjN/C: art museum, 164 IfL X: secretary, 5 EA7="'J: left. 171 t'-r'^": video, 30 \i-r% Jj / 7: video camera,30 If iL: person,21 ü£"> one, 39 ÍÍ ct 'J: one person, 79 U iL '] T: alone, 49 O í T "f or í/ i ÍT: free, not busy, 113,116 U *> < : one hundred, 23,30 t/í" < ft < : ten billion (=10,000,000,000), 29 U r < í A: one million, 29 t/ J: i ^ /C: hospital, clinic, 78 £/•■&: noon, 22 O-S C'li/C: lunch,90 íí-S-f i" A: lunch break, 22 7 r -í /U: file, 78 777 7 X: fax, 171 7'—/b: pool, 26 7 i T: fair, 185 j.Ľ^yťi-y-: Fuji Computers, 218 .i- Ľ í /C: Mt. Fuji, 195 .š-íc^two, 39 ,;.í;-o4ó: second, 173 ■ i* í: 'J: two people, 79 .i'-oí": the second (of the month), 61 .i>ÍC If L: surface mail, 171 7*7 7 X: blouse, 124 7° 7 "^ y: Brown (surname), 5 777 -> 2.: flash, 195 77 >X: France,35 7 7 > X C": French (language), 35 7 7 > X U Jt 7 '): French food, 230 .;.S^(T"f):olcl. 112,114 7° Hi" V r-: present, 12s 7D7h the front desk, 26 ~.S-/C/.;*,C(i*/C): minute(s), 21,23, 180 .i'/C: part, 29 "X to, 48 <■/ F: bed, 71 <)V) 'y^— 9 — X": Berlin Motors, 7 "ÍV: pen, 73 ť-j: Hokkaido (island), I6I .t-'y^ + X: stapler, 78 + -Ť/U: hotel, 65 ■t-/ /1//U: Honolulu, 186 ,t- ~7~7*y: Hoffman (surname), 5 .t-7^ F: White (surname), 116 ll/C: book, 11 *y3>: Hong Kong, 51 rh y 3 y L L f: Hong Kong (branch) office, 219 I i/C L í>: main/central/head office, no llLt 7: true, 150; lí/Ci: 7 i:-. really, 120 I í L "f: bookstore, 78 265 ~ i i \ (counter for flat objects), 37-38, 39 í iv & í: every morning, 91 í i * L rt> 9: every week, 91 i i M- A: every day, 91 i i Mi/C: every evening, 91 i á.:front,before,71,171 Í i") i Ý: turn, 170,172 ~7-s — y-. machine, 105 í tz: again, 13i; 'Xtzh'C T: see you later, 210; í tz Z L ť: next time, 155 Í tí: not yet, 211 i t>: town, 235 tbt~Ť: wait, 160, 170, 172, 178 - t> X ->ľ. í ~3\ V Matsui (surname), xiv í "^ 3 —X: "pine" meal, 105 í ->i~ C: straight ahead, 171 i T": to, as far as, 175; until, 22 í TI-: by (the time), 174 £ £*: window, 153 í ľJ>A: Mayumí (female first name), 136 73|-X: mayonnaise, 199 í L: ten thousand, 29 "7 y V 3 >; apartment, condominium; 175 A7ÍN/Ó: tangerine,42 AÍ*: right, 171 A"f: (cold) water, 74 Af Ť A: lake, 72 A-tr: shop, store, restaurant, 28 AtíT < 7c'* i V please show me, 28, 29; A-tt i -f: show, 172,178,197 A ~> >7S: the third (of the month), 61 A -j ">: three, 39 A tj." A <' ^t: south exit, 143 A í -f: see, 88, 89, 91, 92, 143, 160, 162, 163, 178,197 3 =l — y 77 7U: musical, 185 5 71,7: milk, 90 tj'i v?3\ the sixth (of the month), 61 Ľ-fii* U'(T-f): difficult, 113,114 Ľ1" 3 , t,'"í" C í L: son, 215 ť "f *•>, Ľ"frt í/C: daughter, 215 V-7^>\ six, 39 **>: eye, 233 ~*i: (suffix), 173 #>i * L : business card, 9,10 / — ~7>\> "> C7 ••/ 7°: maple syrup, 219 J — 7ť: e-mail, 101 J — IVT Y Is Z: e-mail address, 10 / — a. —: menu, 173 Í.: also, too, either, 28,29; (with other particles), 214 ii 9: already, 207, 212; more, 17 í 9 *' b £": one more time, 17; t 1 \>t,iĹ' ÜiHl^^ l ±-f: one more time, please, 17 í 9 Ibltri^i-tfXilTn sorry to have to tell you this, 214 t 9 "f 3 L: a little more,211 t 9 .i-: blanket, 176 t < X 9 If: Thursday, 60 t L t L: hello (on the telephone), 49,50 i%ťt: carry, hold, 151 t -> T í í~t: bring, 170,172 t í: peach, 130 í. b v' i L /c: received, 122,124; í, b 1 * í i"; receive, 110,122,123,124 ■f: and, and soon, 69,70 -"f: shop, 76 ľ Ír H> Ť : baseball, 224 ^ í 1 V vegetable, 95 V í 1 * x :x — X: vegetable juice, 95 ■"f Í U >(T"f): easy, 113,114 ^"f 1x (T"f): inexpensive, 112,114 ^"f A: break, rest, 22 <"ť A í "f: rest, relax, 157,190 f t "3: eight, 39 ^ í L /č: Yamashita (surname), 219 K* í 7c": Yamada (surname), xiv Y5 í t £: Yamamoto (surname), xiv rj> Ť c//C: mail, post, 173 rpllfLŽ X < : post office, 22 * Ť «1 >T1" or * i 16\ > í : snow, 142 rp Í i -? U : snow festival, 142 tJ)I/Í9: ring, 124 J:: (particle), 69, 70 J: 9 ís: the eighth (of the month), 61 ~XŤtf: day (of the week), 60 J: fr-> tz (Ti"): that's good, 136 J; < : often, 97; well, 129 J:< ili)-)U^iL/::welcome, 121 J: C -f u'it L: Yokosuka Line, 187 J: C li í: Yokohama (city), 56 J: C li i L L f: Yokohama (branch) office, 56 X -r> fr: the fourth (of the month), 61 £->->: four, 39 J; If tit: call, invite, 168 J: A i -f: read,88,91,92,160,162,163,178 X K* i : reservation, 96 X6 Li>(T'-f): good,all right, 161 XZK Jiflfi'i * L í "t: pleased to meet you, 3, 4 =fc /C: four, 10 X L C 1* 9 : forty, 23 b^ Mf-o: next month, 51 b * * L rí» 9 : next week, 51 b^ sfaL: nextyear,5l 7^7 h : racket, 156 7XÍ: radio, 30 'JctŤlmilJ:: receipt, 106 ') X 7 '): cooking, cuisine, 105 U J; 57S/C: traditional Japanese inn, 76 'I X Z 1: trip, travel, 62 'J J: C 1 ¥\ > L <•: travel agency, 186 'J V: Lin (surname), 5 U /C C : apple, 38 Ji — A +f- — ť X: room service, 176 Kl >: zero, 10 Kís -ť i 3: refrigerator, 71 KÍL: history, 124 V7. Y ý'S: restaurant, 22 UXr--7>£iÍJ;-j: Restaurant Tokyo, 218 UX rýVKJÍ^: Restaurant Dragon,105 UX h -7 V ej — v: Restaurant Roma, 103 Ľ."tf— r-: report, 163 KX,Li»i£ Li+: practice, 231 D —V; Rome, 103 D-7Ľ: romanízed Japanese, 194 h < : six, 10 í < <'''': June, 61 í < Ľ t> 1: sixty, 23 h -> lí/L í': Roppongi (district), 117 h -y\ÍLH Z Ť Í XL: Roppongi Crossing, 175 o Ľ—: lobby, 103,206 c > KV; London, 7 o > K > í'i Z i : Bank of London, 7 ■7 *í >: wine, 43 toi-ij i L 7;: understood, 96, 225; b i-1) ťt: understand, 96, 222, 224,225 bi ľ/: wasabi, 197 bŕzl:\,3 bŕz L tz 'b: we, 131 +7 tz L tO; mine, 150; my, 9 +74i>(T-T):bad, 132,133 7 >: Wang (surname), 219 i: (indicating object), 88; (indicating giver/receiver), 110,112; (indicating point of departure), 179,180; (indicating point of passage), 171; (replaced by #0, 222; (replaced by II), 211,214 266 English-Japanese Glossary Note: Idiomatic expressions have been omitted, as have counters, particles that do not translate into English, certain proper nouns, and some of the words listed in the Appendixes of this book. The following abbreviations are used in this glossary: adj. adjective n. noun v. verb about: (of period, price, amount, etc.) C b 1 \ 120; (of time) 3'-^, 85 above: "jX,71 add: 1 'Kii", 197 address: 3* Ľ11 L t, 174; Ľ t j Li.io after:—« ttT, 161 afternoon: lŕ%,22 again: £tz, 131 ahead: í í, 171 air conditioner: xTuy, 153 airmail: 3 Ť < i IfL, 171 airplane: U 3 "j í, 61 airport: < i Z 7, 50 all right: Ito 3i T "f, 36; J:^lw(T "í"), 161 alone: U t U T, 49 already: t "7,207, 212 also: t (particle), 28,29; -ŕK^b, 170 a.m.: 3"-tí:'/C, 23 and: -č" IT, 217; 'ŕ (particle), 69,70 anniversary: ?#X,£/r, 129 apartment: 7>i'sV, 175 approximately: <"bi\120 April: Itf*""}, 61 arm: T, 233 arrive: "^ í t i~, 180,131 art museum: C/Ľ rí>-OjíN/C, 164 ask: 5SÍ"f, 98,162,163 at: i: (particle), 59,60,68 attorney: "<"*>fA, 199 back: (indicating position) 9 L -?>, 71; (of body) -tí" íi"i!\ 233 bad: fr-Si > (Ti"), 132,133 baggage: l-í.^, 153 bakery: ''X1,79 ballpoint pen: .1"í— ,'l-'<>',35 bank: Ž*/Ĺ,3"j,7,22 bar: ' <—. 93 baseball: fí 1» 9,224 basement: ^jí\70 be: Ü'J í "f, 68, 69, 72, 77, 141, 142; i 'i "ť, 68, 72', 178; l'tlLfl'it, 136; TÍ". 2, 3, 77 because: fr h (particle), 98, 141,142 bed: "<-y K, 71 before: í Ž., 7l,l7l; ~ (T"í"),38, no, 112,114 bili: íiA^Ľ J: 9,106 billion: Ľr>9íi<,29 birthday: /;AĽJ: 9 tf. 62 black: <^i'(T"f),38 blanket: í.9.J-, 176 blouse: 7*7'Í'X, 124 blue: *tii>(T"-f),37,38 book: I í L, 11 bookstore: lí/C^,78 boring: "7Í bíd x (T"f), 132,133 bottom: L 7c, 71 bouquet: \í*itz\X, 123 boy: titZ, 78 break: Jŕ"fA,22 breakfast: &Í 3'li/0,26, 90 briefcase: iHi'X,, 71 bring: í, -aTÍ i"t", 170,172 brochure: ';>7l/7 K 188,189 brother: ttlZ.tíiĹňZ.tíiĹiZZL, til:ľ?A,2l5 buckwheat noodle shop: "?" 1^^,76 bus: ' J: 9, 57 bus stop: ^^'XTi \84 bus terminal: ' ') If, 78 busy: 1 >-řií'L<-> (TŤ), 113,114 but: 'S*(particle), 169,170,205; Tí., 150 buy: <"l >±i", 88, 91,92, 160,163,178 by: T (particle), 59,60,170; by (the time): í TU, 174 by all means: -tťtA 140,149 by what means: it'/CT, 60, 63 cake: "7"—+, 115 call: Xl/ti; 168 cap: If") 1,124 car: <&£,4i, 61 carnation: 77—4-—">3^, 123 carry: (on one's shoulders) fr"? ¥t~t, 150; (in one's hands) t*>i"f, 151 cart: 77—h,83 catalog: fifo?". 169,189 CD: CD ("> — "f'-f— ),30 CD player: C D 7' U— "ť—, 30 cellphone: Ifi v/ci \ 11 certainly: tí t/, 140,149 chair: 1 '"f, 71 check: ÍH>*L\lX 9,106 check-in counter: fiy/OT)'»' 7—83 child: fc"35A, 3tťí,,2i5; 3,so chocolate: -Ť3-1\y—h,i26 class: 77X.235; Ľt»5'j;9,152 clean: (adj.) ÍKi *T"f or ÍKi >íi", 110, 111,113, 116, 133; (v.) "ť" Ľ $ L i i", 206, 207 clearance sale: ' <— ¥>-b—'k 132 client: íi í f < ÍL, 191 clinic: r/jr, 91^,78 clock: £lt>.\ii Close: LWÍ-f, 151,163, 196, 197 coat: -i— h, 124 coffee: ^— t— ,43, 90 coffeecup: 3 — t—il-j~f,M cold: í t/'i * (T"ť), 113, 114, 133 college: Tc'i '•fri.i color: i%^>, 122 come: ? á "ť, 48,49,50,51,52,160,162, 163,178, 196,197 company: ^1 * L ^,9 computer: '^73y,30 concert: 3>f~K 132 concert hall: ."h—/I/, 147 condominium: 7773/, 175 conference: >5h *í*, 22 conference room: ^vi ^Í*Ľ7,82 convenience store: Z3 y Ľ—, 77 convenient: il— 9 x)—A, 44 credit card: 77 — K, 36 cuisine: {) XI 'J, 105 cup: 77-7 7^43 curry: 7Í U—, 115 customer: íi í <• < 5 ^ 191 dancing: y*>X,226 data: Ľl X 9,173 datebook: T^ J: 9,17 daughter: Ľ"f W, Ľ"f*5ÍA,2l5 day: (period of) ~*s (i^), ~i:£ (is A), 180; (of the month) ~l: %,6V, (of the week) ~Í9 í/\60 day after tomorrow, the: & í o T, 52 267 December: Ľ rŕ 7 lc?}íoi 61 decimal point: TA, 29 degree: ~- £", 236 delicious: t>i *lv * (Ti"), 97,113,114, 133 deliver: t cťlt í "T, 170,172 department store: x' "— r-, 3,22 dictionary: Ľ l J;,35 difficult: ťÍ*ásli>(Ti"), 113,114 digital camera: -r-yt7/,30 dinner: li'A-li A, 26,90 do: L Í Í", 89, 92, 143, 160, 162, 163, 178, 196, 197 doctor: "Lf,200 dog: *■ **b,9S door: KT, 153 draft beer: ti i ť—/I/, 105 drawer: l>Í tí L, 74 drink: <7) A i i", 88, 91, 92, 160, 162, 163, 196, 197 driver: 7 ATA L m, 57 drugstore: < i" U f, 78 DVD: DVD (ŤM-7-ífM —),35 earphones:-í ť-"h—^, 189 earring: -í "ť ') >7j24 east exit: £/4f l<*£>, 143 easy: f í U > (Ti"), 113,114 eat: /C^ü", 89, 91,92, 160, 162, 163, 178, 197,222 eight: lít., 10; V^i,39 eighth, the: (of the month) Xl tf\ 61 eighty: II í, Ľ i* Ť, 23 either: t (particle), 28,29 electronic dictionary: T/C L Ľ L J:, 126 electronics store: TA? ^,218 elevator: ^U"^—y7—, 206 e-mail: /—/U, 101 e-mail address: M—IVT F UX, io embassy: Tel' Ľ7XA, 15 employed, be: o£*ó"i\ *ii", 204,214, 215; -^ t *ó i i", 204, 215 engineer: iyy-^5 enter: lil *'J í i", 189,190 entrance: 1 * 'J 0 b, 84,143 equipment: cť 9 <", 155 eraser: It L e/'A, 78 escalator: -^ X 77 U — 7 —, 2O6 everyday: i * MC ŕ,, 91 every evening: í i Mí A, 91 every morning: äi*í>t\9l every week: í i * L d) Ô, 91 exist: 1 v í "f, 68, 72,178 exit: T<"b. 198 expensive: /c^H * (Ti"), 112,114 explain: -tf-oióv >£ L i i", 205, 206, 207 extremely: Tel *~--/C,2i4 eye: <*ó, 233 factory: C 7 I J: 7,161 fair: 7x7, iss family: tf*-?■"<, 69 famous: rí 9 Wi >Ti" or r)) 9 ih\ *tc, 113, 116 far: £&i MTi"), 112,114 father: tít i í /C, *,b,99 favorite: i" S Ír, 122 fax: 7r y 7X, 171 February: 1^*0,61 female: tí b ti, 21 festival: 3?i^>'J,62,132 fever: íl"^, 236 fifth, the: (of the month) v 'ií1, 61 fifty: C'ld>-5,21,23 file: 7 r-í'k 78 fine: It-? C i Ti", 36; i" T í íi',231 fireworks: Ittilf, 142 fireworks display: liíCí/Zéi *t)h \ 142 first, the: (of the month) o^/i*>,61 first basement floor: t>ů* i*ot5h\7o first floor: v '^tfn \ 70 fitness club: XrK—7 7-77* 94 five: 1 ^7 39; C", 10 flash: 77-y>i, 195 flower: IÍÍĽ, 71 flower arranging: iMtlfít, 233 foot: & L, 233 forty: J: Al d> 7,23 four: L, J; /C, 10; J;tO,39 fourteenth, the: (of the month) Ľ 1» -j J:-3í)~,61 fourth, the: (of the month) í;ot)\61 free: UÍ Ti" or Vi it", 113,116 fresh: í>7c b Li MTi"), 112,114 Friday: i A X 7 V, 59, 60 friend: £ &tzt>, 50 from: #* b (particle), 21, 22, 61 front: í X, 71,171 front desk: 7 er > h, 26 fruit: , 82 get off: (a vehicle) tí 'J í i", I80,181 get on: (a vehicle) c7) 'J i i", íso, 18I gift: «AW, 124 gir!: tíL+i (Ti"), 113,114,133; J:-6 L V > (TÍ"). 161 good-bye: l-^ŕU > L ä i", 49, 50 good morning: tí\ÍX 7 C'-**l*ii",49 green tea: tí% f,90 ground floor: i * o r)n \ 70 guide: 77M F, 189 gym: yA,ä; X,tí—7777^94 half past: (of time) l±/C, 23 hamburger: '^y'^—ti—, 199 hand: T,233 hat: IÍ7 1.124 have: aVJii", 151 head: $>tzi,233 headphones: A^fr—y, 189 hello: (on the telephone) t l t L, 49, 50 helpful: l/C-tt-^Ti-or lA-tt^ ti, 113,116 here: 11,82 history: ilí L, 124 hold: í, ŕ, Í-f, 151 hospital: If í 71 *A, 78 hot: (of temperature) ŕ)-?* > (Ti"), 113,114,133; (spicy) íi'bi * (Ti"), 113,114 hotel: ť-f"'Ľ, 65 hot spring (resort): 40/Cy-tŕ^C, 67,69 hour(s): ~\ifrL, 180 house: 7*>,50; ť/i <, 131 how: £*7,135; ť"5 f iT, 182; íťA T, 60, 63 how long: £"<7) <*bi \ 179 how many: i v<"^>, ŤiL\ÍL, ti L t 1 \ 80 how many people: íi'AUA, 79 how much: v * < b, 28 hundred: f/f <, 23, 30 hundred billion: -tŕAŕ? < , 29 hundred million: *x b tí < , 3o < , 29 hundred thousand: U d> "5 í A, 29 hurt: v>/;V> (Ti"), 222, 234 husband: tí-it, CI ml A, lni" A, 99 l:b/;l,3 -ian: (person from) ~-' Ľ /C, 4 ice coffee: T-Í X 3— t—, 199 icecream: 7M X7 U —A,io4 in: U (particle), 59, 60,68 inexpensive: ^"fi ^ (Ti"), 112,114 information: l U J: Ť.173 inn, traditional Japanese: 'J X frL, 76 inside: fiti\T\ interesting: tí 11^' (Ti"), 113, 114,133 intersection: I7ÍT/C, 171 introduce: I J: 7 I J-f, 230 invite: XlFti~, 168 is/arenot: Tli* U Í-tíX/l í>*>'J Í -tr/C,2, n isn't it?: +1 (particle), 49, 50 January: ^ *^>#'"^, 61 jazz: '/-t-X', 228 job: I Z'Z, 22 jog: V3+">7"i lii-,91 juice; ^3.—X,90 July: líií'-^, 61 268 June: h ,61 just before: T í ;t, 171 Kabuki: >)\j*í,89 ketchup: 'r ^ + -y 7! 199 key: A'*', 11 kilogram: ^c7,42 kind: l/Ctt-^Ti"or lAtřTi', 113,116 know: I 0T1 vii", 204, 214, 215 lake: Ai*7 A, 72 language: ~C, 35 large: ť ť í ^ > (Ti"), 38,110,112,114 last month: -t+Alf"^, 51 last week: -tí C11> "5, 51 last year: í ífaL, 51 late: feil > (Ti"), 238 lawyer: -"nCC'1,3, 5 learn: ÍĽ b^ >ii", 230 leave: TÍÍ", 179,180,181 left: t/Tc'U, 171 leg: Í>1,233 lend: i'lii", 150,151,172 letter: T<"A,99 library: ľ. I i tl J; -5 K, 121 little more, a: t 7 i" 3 I, 211 live: i"Aii", 204, 214, 215; i"/CT'i%i Í", 204, 214, 215 lively: |:-$&,2i machine: "7->— y, 105 magazine: í'-?l,33 mail: tí 7 If L, 173 main office: IIA If, 170 make: ^ < ') Í i", 206,207 make a photocopy: 3 t°— Ý l í i", 156 male: tí £ C, 72 man: fcSí C, &£ Z UZ.12 many: fzi^L, 80 map: ^"f, 152 maple syrup: /—7°/l'VC7-y7"2l9 March: Í/M'"},61 marketing: li/CIÍ^ *, lei marriage: It-? CA, 129 match: lí>i\142 May: Cľ<"o,6i mayonnaise: 73t-—X, 199 meal: C'I±A,26 mechanical pencil: v-ť—7^>->/U,35 medicine: ii", 98,100,143,162,163,197 meeting: ^H ^",22 menu: / —n-—, 173 merchandise: I J: 7 W/C, 169 middle: tit\ii milk: ; /I/ 7,90 million: U f < í A, 29 mine: to/clW, 150 minute(s): ~.>'A'~.>!A (tf\C),2i, 180 mobile phone: lt^ v/cl >, 11 Monday: I f-7 J: 7 t>", 60 money: fc?Jsfa, 154 month: (period of) ~#slf"7>, 181; ~<' "^,61 more: t 7,17 morning: *"5,26 mother: tífr&ZL, lili, 99 movie: ^.ix^*, 22 Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss: ~ í A, 3 Mt. Fuji: .i-ĽÍA, 195 much: tz < í A, 80 music: f5A4'<,92 musical: ; 3.—v 27'^ 185 my:b7cl«,9 name: &ÍCÍ X.96; ířÍX,9,10 near: t.*^ > (Ti"), 112,114 nearby: ^7, < , 10; C:i>7, 39 ninety: í * 7 I 7 l f í Al, 197 north exit: í/;<"*>, 143 no smoking: í A X. A, 197 not at all: tfA-tfA . . . -í-t+A, 103, 248-49 notebook: Tbl 7,17 no thank you: It-? C 7 Ti", 112 nothing: ti\zi, ... -i-t+A,72 notmuch: í>i ') .. . -J-l+A,99, 248-49 not yet: ire, 211 November: Ľr»7l .£>v> (Ti"), 112,114 on: U (particle), 59,60, 68 one: ix*>,10; UtĹi, 39 one more time: Í/7 v *i>£, 17 one person: C/ ü 'J, 79 onetime: v ^ ct, 17 open: <ái", 151,160,163,196,197 over there: £>-?"C,77 own: £>U ii", 151 painful: >■ >/;>• MTi"), 222, 234 painting: X, 119 pamphlet: 'i*ŤĽctiŤ,yo part: »i'A, 29 party: '"—■?•-(—,22 peach: t t,130 pen: -0.73 pencil: xAf/o, 78 person: L*Ü,21 — -ian person over there, that: * ^ b, 230 photograph: I f I A, 151 piano: fT/,229 pizza: t'-if, 172 place: ttC^.m planner: Xt>l 7,17 platform: /+>—A, 143 play golf: I7'/l/7 í l i i", 95 please: (get me . . .) fcÜi'\x I ii", 8, 96; CTÍ",9,111,112 p.m.: C"C', 22 pocket: rf^y h,74 police box: C 9 If A, 78 pool: 7'— IV, 26 portable shrine: t?ACl,l50 post: it) 7 f/A, 173 postcard: ^.lii'S, 189; li<5í,38 post office: r)> 7 y'A$ J: < , 22 practice: HAL rt) 7 Ý l i i", 231 present: 7°HiV h, 128 president: (of a company) l f b J: 7, 101 pretty: í Hl vTi" or Í *U ^J.', 110, 111,113,116,133 product: l J: 7 t>A, 169 put: tí i i i", 194 put in: i'ftii", 197 quiet: IÍ*>ÍSTÍ" or l"fi5'íf, 113, 116,133 racket: 7IT"/ V, 156 radio: 7 v t, 30 read: J; Aii",88,91, 92,160,162,163, 178 really: IÍASŤI:, 120 receipt: U J: 7 11 7 11,106 receive: t b* "äi", 110,122,123,124 reception desk: 9 Iť^lt, 8,70 recorded guide: 'íi'rt;—yff-\ K, 189 red: SiijHi (X~f) ,37,38 refrigerator: ;Ha >■?•; 3, 71 relax: K"t&t~f, 157,190 report: U4""—h, 163 reservation: QtY3<,96 rest: (n.) ť + A, 22; (v.) f +A i +, 157, 190 restaurant: A-tí, 28; lxXh"7>,22 restroom: í? T & b ^ \ 70 return: ti'Ž') i "f, 48,51,52,160,162, 163,178,197 right: A í* 171 right?: W (particle), 49,50 right away: "t"<", 169 ring: rplŕfo, 124 romanized Japanese: d—7Ľ,194 room service: VU—A+r-—ťX, 176 rose: lib, 123 sake: ill,90 salad: -fý?,90 sales: liAlíi \ 161 sales department: ?U >í'j: 9.i;, 205-sample: tf'sy'/l, 170 sandwich: "f > K'i -y f", 90 Saturday: £"»t Ť í/, 60 say: 1 h >J-f, 170,172 scarf: X77—7,124 school: í^'-o Z 9,101 scissors: I15A, 78 Scotch tape: -fe D ŕ — 7" 78 sea: i A, 229 second: .v/c"^**), 173 second, the: (of the month) •i'^>^\ 61 secretary: U L J:, 5 see: A í "ť, 88, 89,91, 92,143,160,162, 163, 178,197 sell: 9 oTv > í-f, 204,213,214,215; 9'J i "f, 204, 213, 215 send: fc< 'J i i", 98,100 September: <í};-9, 61 seven: L b\ ^"0.', 10; Íi'Íl'O 39 seventh, the: {of the month) ftO??*, 61 seventy: íl' ft Ľ r* 9,23 Shinto shrine: Ľ L> Ľ f. 69 shop: (v.) «H > t (7) £ L Í Ý, 91; (n.) A -tí", 28; (n.) ~ V, 76 shoulder: frŕz, 233 show: (v.) KLxi-f, 170,172; (n.) ■>3—, 132; (v.) A-tŕÍ"f, 172,178, 197 sister: £tt, i > t 9 £, v > í, 9 KÍ L, Ü <1XÍA,215 six: tJr3~>, 39; ^ < , TO sixth, the: (of the month) ij^#\6l sixty: -5> < Ľ * 9. 23 skiing: X + —, 224 skilled, be: Ľ Jr. 1 -fTi~, 222,223,224, 225 small: t>\ vJi * (T"f),38,112,114 smoke (a cigarette): (ŕziíZí) i" i >t "f, 189, 190, 196 snow: íl>í, 142 snow festival: tjíŕ i''U, 142 soccer: *f ••/ 77 —, 142, 224 sofa: V77—,71 sometimes: £ ?cCÍ,98 son: tii'Z, t]-f Zí^,215 soon: i" <", 169 soup: X—7° 90 south exit: Aft'A<'r,, 143 souvenir: Í^A^If, 124 spa: X'\69 sport(s): XrK—'/,94 stairs: *'i »/c'/C, 206 stand up: Tc^ii", 196,197 stapler: #■/-^^X, 78 station: XÍ.50 station employee: X. í ^ */,, 187 steak: X-ř —+,93 stomach: feft'<",233 Stop: Ľrtii", 170, 172, 196 store: A-t+ 28 straight ahead: Í r>^"<", 171 student: <<<-tti\5 subway: b^T^, 59,61 sugar: í S 7,199 suit: ICifc* *i"f, 129 summer: ft "^,62 summer vacation: ft "^-Í^A, 62 sumo wrestling: "t" 19,144 Sunday: I - £. J: 9 £/, 60 supermarket: X—-* *—, 22 surface mail: .i'ftilAX, 171 sushi restaurant: ~t LY3,103 sweater: -tr —y—, 74 sweet: í>ii > (T"i"), 113,114 sweets: 3o^X, 111 swimming: ~t^ v?0 \ 224 table: f—7/1-, 71 take: (time) t-o-{)ťt, 179, ISO, 18I; (a photograph) (L f L /,£) H '1 í -f, 151,172,196 take care: í í ~~>\1T, I6I take care of: í>"ť*?' U á "f, 176 talk: lift L $ L i-f, 146,206,207 tangerine: A77X,42 tasty: fc'* * Lv > (Ti"), 97,113,114,133 taxi: fy-y—,6] taxi stand: 97!s — W 'J |í, 78 tea: Zjt,?, 90 tea ceremony: £ ^ <>, 233 teach: fclxi-f, 170,172 tedious: -?í bft^ > (T"f), 132,133 telephone: (n.) TXto, 10; (v.) XLh'í L í "f, 88, 98, 100 telephone number: TXÍ9Í3XC'9, to television: T Ľ t", 30 tell: tilž-í-f, 170,172 temple: ŕ>Tb,69 ten: Ľrt>9,23; t ť, 38, 39 ten billion: Of <íi<,29 ten million: -tŕAÍ/C, 29 tennis: T—X, 223 tennis court: r"—X17 — h, 95 tenth, the: (of the month) £ tíis, 61 ten thousand: ^ *> i X,, i L, 29, 30 thank you: (thanks) £"9 t, 175; (thank you) t'it *'J *'Ü-5,9,26; (thank you very much) Ľ'9 i ih'li'iĹj (Ci"i>Ít/C'i"v>íL/c),9,129 that: Ý<7),20,37,232; í H, 20,28 that over there: í. 0,20,37; í>;fl,20,31 there: -£bb,49 third, the: (of the month) Aotf*, 61 thirty: ? A Ľ m 9,23 this: ZW, 20,39; 3 K, 9,20 this coming: CX,£", 105 this evening: Z /CIÍX^, 155 this month: Z/Clf-o 51 this one: 3r,b,3 this week: Z/CL ri 9, 51 this year: C t L, 51 thousand: -I+/C, 29,30 three: Í/C, 10; A^o,39 three people: i/^l-X^, 79 throat: WS",233 Thursday: t < J: 9 f-, 60 ticket: ío.>", 124 ticket gate: jH >{-i <"fe, 141 time: Ľ^^/C, 152 to: I: (particle), 48, 49, 88,180; ~- (particle), 48; ± T (particle), 175 today: í i 9, 51 together: ^o L J: I-, 141 together with: Z (particle), 49, 50 tomorrow: í> L fz, 49, 50, 51 too: t (particle), 28,29 tool: ü'9 <", 155 tooth: l±, 233 top: 9 X.,71 tote bag: ~h-\tL, 71 towel: 9%ll, 43 town: Í t,, 235 traffic signal: L/CC9,171 train: X'LĽC, 61 train line: '"-tí■^, 187 travel: 'J J: 19, 62 travel agency: U J: 3 9 tJ^'v ^ L Jf, 186 trillion: v '-3 *> J: 9, ŕ, Jt 9,29 trip: U 13 9,62 true: IÍĽÍĹŤ, 150 T-shirt: T->-t-'/, 37, 38 Tuesday: fr£ 9 if, 60 tulip: f-iL—') -y7°i23 turn: 3:?)^'^ ii", 170,172 turn off: ItLii-, 151,160,163, 178,197 turn on: ">\^i.-f, 151,163 twentieth, the: (of the month) li"? #%, 61 twenty: l~Ľ 1*9,23 twenty-fourth, the: (of the month) I- 270 two: I:, 10; .l>7;-5,39 two people: .i>/č 'J, 79 ukiyoe: 9 í J;X,188 umbrella: í^í.ll under: L/c, 71 understand: Í9<~ 'J í~ť, 96, 222, 224,225 university: ti^ ^Wi, 1 until: i T (particle), 22 use: "5l}xV »Í -f", 169, 189, 190, 196 vase: i^X, 122 vegetable: f 5*\95 vegetable juice: K7^ ^>-a.—X, 95 very: t T 4,111 very much: 7c^"^/C,214 vicinity: b^-^,71 video: Ľ ŕ" í, 30 video camera: Ľrí^^ "7,30 wait: i % ťt, 160, 170, 172, 178 walk: í>4í ii-,181 wallet: ?v >.i-,73 warm: i/c^CÍH > (Ti"), 235 wasabi: fo í t>" 197 was/were: TL7c,2 was/were not: TI±Í>'j i-tfXTl /i/Ľííi'Ji-tŕ^-L/;^ watch: ültv\ii water: A~fi 74 waterfall: /;?,76 we: htzLtz%, 131 weather: T^5,120 wedding anniversary: lt^>3/Cífa/C ř>* 129 Wednesday: "f v »J; 9 t/, 60 weekend: L i* 9 í -o, 89 week(s): ~ L r)> 9 í'A, 18I well: =t <, 129 well then: Ľ f, 28,29; Tli, 29,49 west exit: l-U'í, 143 what: í."lc,69; ŕiX, 13 what day: (of the month) ^'/Cl-^, 62; (of the week) +ih í 9 í/, 62 what kind of: uXíf, 118 what month: tC/C^'o, 62 what number: ÍC/CIÍ/C, 15 what time: 'j.XU^I when: \ ^o, 54 where: £*C,4i which: !i«, 58; i:*fL, 37, 58 whiskey: 'MXŤ—, 226 while: L o\ ^ ( T^'), r/'i who: /i4t,8, w; ť'xti,» why: £'9 LT, 168 wife: íi < í X/, 95,99; a'ti'i >, ''f ,99 window: í S*, 153 wine: V-f >-, 43 with: £ (particle), 49,50 woman: üLti, fiAíťW Z/-Ü,21 wonderful: ŤTÍi',231 work: (n.) L C' iL, 22; (v.) LC'ŕTf L í t, 91 worry: *i: L i-f, 200 write: *N* i"f, 98,100,160,162, 163, 178,197 year: ~fa/C, 60; (period of) ~fo.L (^s L), 181 yen: ^xA, 28, 31 yes: X.X, 9,140,149; l±v \2, 6, 48, 140, 149, 204 yesterday: í W 9, 51 you: &t£tz,3J your: Jhf£Ťz, 10 zero: -tfo, fu \ 10 Index adjectives, no conjunction, #* no, 205 counter: ~#h 777^ \70; ^jJMfo 181; — Ľ,2i; ~U^,61; ■—l^A, 79; ~*Ü/C,60; ~(i\ Vlí^ Vli^ \ m; ~1±%,57; Mä/C/íiX/lf/C,38,39; ~ £ V \ 38, 39 counter, word order, 38 counting, 29,38 day of the month, 61 day of the week, 60 decimals, 29 T-t/Tlfz.2 Tli&tJi-tŕ/C/Ľ^&Uí-tŕX^ fractions, 29 here, there, over there, 20 honorific: ^ bo L ^ * i ~f, 136; Z'~, 99 interjections: ab, 57; 5&.220; Tlí/L ^,29 interrogatives: by what means, 63; how, 60,135,182; how about, 111; how long, 79; how many, 80; how much, 28; what, 13,69; what day/month, 62; what kind of, 1 is; what number; 15, what time, 21; when, 54; where, 41; which, 37, 58; who, 8,14; why, 168 intonation: falling, 27; rising, 2,10,50 is/are, 2,11,141 months, 61 name (instead of 1/you), 3 numbers, 10, 23, 29, 30; ÍA£""> .i'/c^, AtjO 37,39; intermediate numbers, 30 object marker, £, 88,222 omission: (of topic), 2,22; (of verb), 78 particle: ti\ 2,6, 48,222; #* 57, 58, 68, 169, 170,205,222; ív h, 21, 22, 61, 98, 141, 142; <"ŕ^ \ 120; T, 59, 60, 89, 90, 142,170; £,49,50,70,72; I-, 48, 49, 59, 60,68,88, 110. 180; íl, 49, SO; 05,3,4,9, 122; {Í, 2, 3, 10, 58, 68, 211, 214; 'S 48; í T, 22, 175; t, 28, 29,214; ^,69, 70; et,69, 70; Ý,88, 110, 112, 171, 179, 180, 211,214,222 particle, position of, 32, 53, 54 particles (in combinations), 213 permission, asking, I89 polite: fc~,62; íií^íXy, 191; fc/c <,131; JííŕÍÄ.,96; —í í, 97; /^* ^/C,214; 7^J;o£ íiiWc'S^, 136; t-5L^ltrí'^í-tí-A,2i4; J: ^Lv\ 162 question marker, 4\ 2, 6,48,222 subject marker, í* 68 suffix: C-^,85; ~*t), 173; -ť. 76 telephone numbers, 10 this, that, that over there, 20 time: 23; point in time, approximate, 85; relative, 50; specific, 60 topic marker, 11,2,3,58,68,211,213 verb: classifications of, 160,178; present/ past form, 2,48; present-progressive, 204; Regular I, Regular II, Irregular, 178; tenses of, 48; —'ít'V * form, 178; —iL tz, 48; -ÍL x 9, -í L X 1 -f}\ mo; — ťt form, 48,160,222; — i -tírA (T L/z), 48; -í-tiXd\i40; -/= ^T+,222; -T form, 160; -"ZVÍ *f form 204 verb, giving and receiving, 110 verb, replaced by X"t, 11 word order, with £ and number, 38 years, 60 JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE I: Revised 3« Edition, Kana Version 2006 £f6B m 1 s 2007 ^6/3 mit Wffi ff ■ B «ft síi# mm k SH3BÍ »BftM >5>-^^ 3 Tf-JUftxCša Ť112-8652 SBSífflXSílZÄSa 1-17-14 ffiß 03-3944-6493 (MKS) 03-3944-6492 0?-írx-í>?ge- mSSSB) Jti-A^-y www.kodansha-intl.com EflBl • W*ffi *B*Efl»]*!EÄártt a5T*-aT*tt»Ä»e€*wECĎ5*.jiiKtt-i'y^-í-£/3^^»»asncasiäE0 ■fc "> K A IB^jfK"^ 3^"f75$^>^ f^FlflJIl 4> ^^T""^ »K -ÍN N SSS^f^K» * »Spiffs t* -h egwi^m -£ ¥W"W?f?fTW« ť i&trm^vfK pyy ijii^ Jjtu^i; «fry ^f^f w AJ .,/' N íV """"ympr m "X ■< ttf r> .A 4- w-'W'^m^n^. -Ü ram ^ Hn A> pywp A F^'j^* f^-gp*"^m? m m IM- i pp«*5i ri ri M- *N yjBfTWff «■j^wpp 4- 4- \ "A r*i!PPS m í m JiJJlJ H n AJ u »■^-ff^ £W**^j>í* 4- 4- AJ AJ «S1**^*^»^^ jfjwijuji* HWW5ÍW ^^'■v^e^ «SSgKSSIfrt W^SlSgpWf 'f« fSf^as ■H -H •H ■H -H -"-í -H #t -J •VT \ i & Ht pp^S seľ^Kmm^ KjMSJ^-K »PJW^sp^ JJH£"JJjp| ""hejsws ■& •e- ■e- "& -£ ■& •& Vri _j •vr \ ) ô ** fw^pp ypsj'Tpw T * ^ 5r Ír ír Sr ír Ír Ír tf> _J ■tf t i Ô ** ^ «SÄffľgp' -^jfi)ii^HiUí*a^|ií gy"" ^n's^^B*«^ .'W 4£ »S.í^^'ä^ ««ŕJftF- ■ ■■KSS*1 'O ■^ f J ±- 'V ^HSy*-y °^yw$#N! 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