/lJTepaTypa BucoKoro CepeAHbOBinng
Hk BH4HO 3 naiwaTOK, uje 3 noraHCbKHX laciB CKAaAaca HaňcTapiuia enoxa KapHoro npaBa — ue enoxa KpoBHoi noMCTH. floMCTa — ue »aaoöa BianAara sa noHe-ceHy HH sasaaHy KpHBay, i uje 3 a3HHHHHbKHX HaciB BOHa 6yAa 3aco6oM npaBOBoro no-pJWKy míík npeacTaBHHKaMH poaiß i nAe,MeHÍ.
Lije KHH3b BoAOAHMHp BeAHKHH 3a H3MO-
BOK) iepapxiB bbíb CMeproy Kápy, aAe uibhako bíamíhhb n. HpocAaB MyapHÍi HaaaB kPob-Hifi noMCTi xapaKTepy aep>KaBHOi iHCTmyuji, anpo6oBaHoi i KOHTpoAboBaHOi AepaaBoro.
CeÔTO 3H34H0 OÖMeJKHB KpOBHy noMCTy, a
iioro CHHH CKacyBaAH ií HasaaíKflH, 60 aKT noMCTH 3a "IlpaBAOio PycbKoio" SBoaHBca
B»e HO BHKOHaHHH CyAOBOro BHpOKy. 4aa BHK0H3HHH "nOMCra" yíKe CTaAH noTpió-HHMH aOK33H 3A0HHHy Hepe3 BH40KÍB i no-
cAyxiB Ta OHHa craBKa íx i3 3AOHHHLjeM, ujo6 3ano6irTH HaKAeny, aKHÍj KapaBca oco6ahbo cyBopo. ByAo BBeaeHO npHBaTHo-npaBOBe BiauiKoayBaHna MaTepiaAbHHx Ta MopaAb-
HHX 3ÔHTKÍB   (rOAOBUJHHa,  ypoK)   Ta  ny6-
AiHHo-npaBOBy Kápy (Bipa, npoaaasa, noTOK).
Otíkc YKpaÍHa-Pycb BiaMOBHAaca bU KpoBHoi noMCTH i CMepTHoí Kap«, sanpo-BaÄHBiiiH aepHíaBHe cyaÍBHHijTBo i ny6AÍHHy Kápy uje 3 cepeauHH XI ct.
Y "rioBicTHX Bpein'aHHX aít" nia 912 po-KOM y TeKCTi aoroBopy OAera 3 rpeKaMH HHTaeMo: "A koah xto y6'e, _ xpncraa-
HHHa pycHH HH XpHCTHHHHH pyCHHa, _
xaň  noMpe  Ha  niicuj  BÖHBCTBa".   LJhm
CTBepařKyBaAH   HaHBHÍCTb  KpoBHOÍ  rtOMCTH Í B XpHCTHHHCbKiS BÍ3aHTÍÍ, i B H3HHHHlJbKÍH
Pyci. IcHyBaAa BOHa i b FIoAbuji, ae uje i b
XV   CT.   »aaoÔOIO   KpOBHOl   nOMCTH   6yAH
oxonAeHi ijíaí poan; noAbcbKa uiAaxTa i ni3-Hiuie  BBa»aAa  npaBo  Ha  noMCTy cboím
CTaHOBHM   npHBÍAe€M.
Y HiMeMHHHi KpoBHa noMCTa 6yAa 3a-ôopoHena b 1495 pouj, a BnpoaoB* ycboro
CepeaHbOBi™ uje BHaBAsuo ce6e oco6ahbo JKopcTOKe npaBo TaAioHy, 3ano3HHeHe si CTapoíKHAiBCbKoro npasa.
A npHraaafiiwo, b HKOMy iaci po3ÍrpaAac» Tpareaia Pomeo i ^řKyAberra, ujo 6yAa cnpH4HHeHa icHyBaHHHM  kPobho'í nOMCTH
B iTaAll, BoporyBaHHHM 4B0X poflÍB.
y KHÍBCbKiň Pyci KpoBHa HOMCTa TaKOHi,
aK  6aMHMo,   6yAa  ochobhhm  iHCTHTyroM
CyaOHHHCTBa i MOpaAbHO-eTHHHOIO HOpMOK)
npoTaroM PaHHboro Cépe4HboBÍH<ra i Ha caMOMy nonaTKy Bhcokoto CepeaHbOBÍHia 6yAa CKacoBana. SBponeHcbKi x HapoaH
Uje   KÍAbKa   BÍKÍB   40TpHMyBaAHCa   KpoBHOÍ
HOMCTH. BcTaHOBAena HpOCAaBOM MyapHM HopMa 06Me>KyBaAa koao thx, xto MaB noMujaTHca, BoHa He siwyuryBaAa ao homcth 1 AaBaAa 3Mory 6AH3bKHM noKpHBAJKeHoro npHHHaTH BHKyn, kPím toto, noMCTa aosBOAHAaca AHiue npH noBHOMy aoBeaeHHi
3AOMHHy.
Uje h cboroam Kapa CMepTK) e pyan-
MeHTOM KpoBHOÍ nOMCTH, i 6aH4yíKe, XTO MCTHTb — HaH6AHÍKHÍ p04HHÍ HOTepmAOTO
HH aep»íaBa, a poanni, CKajKiiwo, b CLUA, AOMaraiOTbcfl npaBa cnocTepira™ 3a ko-
H3HHHM 3A0HHHIJS. AAe cyTb MOpaAÍ 33AH-
maeTbCH b apxeTHni npoÔAeMH: AioacbKa npHpoaa  BHMarae   BianAaTH 3a  BHHHeHy
KpHBay.
Mhmoboaí HanpouryeTbca nnTaHHa, koah
ík  6yAO   "apiiMyne  cepeaHbOBinna"   __   b
XI ct., koah 3aKAaaaAHca ryMamcTHHHi OCHOBH yKpaÍHCbKoro cyaoHHHCTBa i 6yAa CKacoBaHa Kapa CMepTio Ta KpoBHa noMCTa, 1H b nacH "HaHryMaHHimoro i HaíiaeMO-
KpaTHHHimoro"   KOMyHJCTHHHOro   pe>KHMy,
npH aKOMy 6e3 cyay i CAucTBa 6yAH shh-iaeHi MiAbňoHH yKpaÍHuiB. y UboMy posyMÍHHi "ripaBaa PycbKa" 6yAa i saAH-uiaeTbca aoKyMemoM HenpoMHHaAbHoro 3HaweHHa.
HpocAae HPEMEHKO
216

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eCTL:        npOAHBAAH        KpOBh
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npoAHETca KpOBb ero; ncnuTAHTe
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CTaTyT
BeAHKOrO  KH»3H
HpocAaBa
Yôororo He MOíKHa noMHAyBaTH, TOMy ujo 3AO Mae 6yTH bía-nAaneHe saom,  a TOMy cy/mHM
HaAfóKHTb BHHKaTH B CyTb CnpaBH, OCKÍAbKH MaKDTb npaBo OCyAHTH
6e3 CAiACTBa i 6e3 TopTyp. Byab-
HKHH     CnpaBeflAHBHH    BHpOK
AiOAHHa He CKopo cnpHHMe, xafí He ocyAüTb HenoBHHHoro, He yÖHBaKiTb. TopTypH ocyAíKeHHH xafi npHHMae, hk Aap, iijo He CTpaneHHH.   A TOMy  cyAÍTb  Í3
CTpaXOM 6o>KHM i CKOpO 3pO-3yMÍ6Te    OÔMOBHHKa    ÔAHÍK-
Hboro cBoro. HaKAenH-6o TaKO>K
npOAHBaKDTb    KpOB    AKDACbKy:
HaKAen yHHHÍTb HaKAenHHKy, 60
AyKaBHB   Ha   ÔAHÍKHbOrO   CBoro.
AA»e  HanHcaHo:   npoAHBaKDHH
KpOB AIOACbKy 3a KpOB BHHyBaTiyi, Xafí npOAAETbCH KpOB OÔMOBHHKa.
BHBÍAaHTe y BHHyBaTij}! Bce AocTOBipHo, aAe cnepuiy aobí-AaHTeca npo jkhtth HaKAen-HHKa.  I koah ÓAaronopaAHHK i
ÓAarOBÍpHHK BÍAHaHAyTbCÍI, TO TaKO>K He HMÍTb IM BÍpH, 6o 6e33aKOHHHMH 6 TaKÍ CBÍAHeHHJI, a TOMy 3HaUAÍTb i íhihhx cbíakíb nocopoMAeHoro, i eAHHa BHMora: xaň nepeA ABOMa hh TpbOMa CBÍAKaMH   npaBAHBHM   cTaHe
KOÍKHe CAOBO.
* 4pyKyeTbca 3a BHaaHHaM: PycbKa npaBaa. Te
i eKCTH Ha ochobí 7 cnHCKÍB Ta 5 peaaKjjiň // CKA3B Ta niaroTyBaB Ao ÄpyKy npocf). C.ÍOuikob. — K.: Bh4-bo YAH 1935-IV peaaKUJa sa pyKonncoM AH CPCP, M»240, HoBropoacbKHÍi 1 aítohuc, XV b.', 3 aoaaTKOM nainaTOK, ujo MaioTb 3Ba30K Í3 «PycbKoio FIpaBaoio».
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