AI SEMINAR 8 – ANSWER KEY Religion Quiz: 1) b 2) d 3) a 4) d 5) b&d 6) a 7) a 8) c 9) b 10) a 11) c 12) a 13) b Abbreviations: 1. for example e.g. (exempli gratia) 2. that is i.e. (id est) 3. number no. or # 4. therefore : 5. because 6. greater than > 7. less than < 8. equal to = 9. not equal to ≠10. ditto or same as above “ --//-- 11. approximately or similar to ~ ≈ 12. in reference to re 13. and & or + 14. page p. 15. pages pp. 16. Anno Domini AD 412 17. Before Christ 3000 BC 18. et cetera etc. Listening – Note Taking: Major Religions of the World Religion Buddhism Christianity Confucianism Hinduism Islam 1 Time & place of foundation 2500 years ago NE India 2000 years ago 2500 years ago not mentioned, but earliest text is Rig Veda- pre 1000 BC 1400 years ago 2 Founder of the religion Prince Siddharta Gautama Jesus Christ Kong Zi (Latin name is Confucius) Muhammad 3 Lived from ____ to____ 563 – 483 BC 7 BC – AD 30 551 – 479 BC AD 570 - 632 4 Religious texts Pali Canon & collections of Sanskrit, Tibetan & Chinese texts Bible Analects Upanishads, Brahmanas, Puranas: Veda, Bhagavad-Gita Koran 5 Number of followers today and where practised 256 million; SE Asia and the Far East 1200 million; 806 RomCath.; 343 Protest.; 74 East. Orth. 275 million; China (esp. Taiwan) 500 million; India, and Ind. communities around world. 1100 million 6 Other information Founder known as Buddha – The Awakened One Analects come from the Greek analekta;means collection of facts & sayings Santanadarma; Veda means knowledge. Sources consulted: Mary Waters and Alan Waters, Study Tasks in English, CUP, 1995. Zen Stories – Pre-reading Questions 1. What are some typical features of Eastern religions? Eastern religions (think about Hinduism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Shinto) often emphasise the individual and the ability to harmonise oneself with the natural world (the first Zen story may be seen as an example of this). 2. What do you know about Zen Buddhism? Everyone has a Buddha nature inside of them; has to search inner self for self-knowledge, which is attained through mediation; meditation is Truth, realized in action, an end in itself. Grammar – Verbs + Infinitive or Gerund 1 If you were a Muslim, how often would you stop working / to work, in order to make time to pray? 2 The nun stopped praying going / to go back to work. 3 What do you remember doing / to do on your first visit to a church? 4 If you are a man, what should you always remember doing / to do when you enter a synagogue? 5 Is there anything in the past that you regret saying / to say to your priest? 6 I regret saying / to say that I don’t believe in God. 7 If you were holding a religious fast, how long would you stop eating / to eat? 8 He stopped working/to work to say a prayer. 9 The monks take many hours a day meditating / to meditate. (the infinitive functions as a statement of purpose) 10 The monks spend many hours a day meditating / to meditate. (the verb spend is followed by -ing) 11 He welcomed the new members of the group and then went on explaining / to explain the rules. (in the sense of moving on to something new) 12 How long do you intend to go on working / to work for the mission? (in the sense of continuing the activity) 13 I meant going/to go to the mass but I couldn´t. 14 If you want to go to Holy Communion, it will mean going/to go to confession first. 15 Don´t forget saying/to say a prayer before every meal. 16 I forgot being told/to be told about his son´s christening. With remember, forget, stop, go on and regret, the difference is connected with time. The -ing form refers to things that happen earlier (before the remembering, forgetting, etc. take place); the infinitive refers to things that happen after the remembering, etc.).