UNIT! 5 GRAMMAR Verbs That Take a Grammatical Object I person l± noun £ verb ex. 7*Ľ j í Hi ^.\>i<$ Ait. "Mr. Grey will see a movie." ■ The particle í Placed after a noun, i indicates that the noun is the object of the sentence, $ is used with verbs like Ait ("see"), J: Ait ("read"), CDAit ("drink"), in < i -f ("buy"), and a host of others. I person 1 l± person 2 [t verb ex. /M-5/Ui Xlt-iHz *v» í -f o "Mr. Grey will meet Mr. Yoshida." ■ The particle U The particle U can also serve as an object marker, as in the example here, where Mr. Yoshida is the object of the verb £> i > i t ("meet"). Essentially, U indicates the person or thing an action is directed at. I person 1 l± person 2/place IC noun$verb ex. 7*MÍ/U± XlKZUz Ttf!A* í-íiLŕ. "Mr. Grey wrote a letter to Mr. Yoshida." "Mr. Grey wrote a letter to the embassy." ■ The particle I: With verbs like X i>< A i *>iít ("write a letter"), Kt~>í £ < 'J á t ("send luggage"), and T Lb í lát ("telephone"), lc indicates the receiver of the action. In English, the receiver corresponds to the indirect object. ^SÉly MAKING PLANS FOR THE WEEKEND c kl TARGET DIALOGUE Ms. Sasaki and Mr. Smith are talking about their plans for the weekend. í í $ : cťJ: 9 í/1 c )Ĺ^tí%)i i)\y.*i* Ait» x-x:f-i T-f tf\ í í $ : x i xím? x í x : i ::*,«£ i r/'u íXí'T i-fS3X,E TX.ô°bÝ í í $ : op?tti0 XíXÍ/Ji I cit, J; -7 t/' I c íXí'ť -t-f i ÍLY. Ttvb? Smith: What are you going to do during the weekend? Sasaki: I'm going to see Kabuki with a friend on Saturday. Smith: Oh, really. Sasaki: What about you? Smith: I'm going to eat tempura in Ginza with Mr. Suzuki on Sunday. Sasaki: Sounds good. ■ Ms. Sasaki is going to see Kabuki with a friend on Saturday. Mr. Smith is going to eat tempura in Ginza with Mr. Suzuki on Sunday. VOCABULARY L t» i í"> weekend Lit do *\;-í Kabuki (a traditional form of theater) Ait see T (particle indicating the location where an action takes place) X L.\'-h tempura (deep-fried seafood/vegetables) fz<íir eat EHE! ' . " 1. íX.í'T -f ľ í S X, £ XL^hi tzÍC*IÍA breakfast Z Ť t, f tea ill? milk VSCIiX- lunch ist,? green tea ■y i — X juice liXC'IÍA dinner i It sake (Japanese rice wine) ■tf" > K 'f -y -ŕ sandwich 3-t — coffee x-y soup tý/ salad Verbs: l./:-<ít 2,í)Aít 3,ÍH>Íf 4. Uít 5. 5 Sít /H 6.AÍŤ 7.ŕ-X$ 8.^*J:ií 9.iH'tí)í 10. L C £ $ LÍT LÍT LÍT Lít NOTE: For more on the "noun í L í i"' verb type, see p. 246. . Time expressions: DAY MORNING EVENING WEEK every íwicŕ, i^&i ÍIM±X í ľ L It 7 KEY SENTENCES 1. X i XÍ/LIl ás 17c jO^'Í a í-f o 2. X í 7.*L\± ÍPi: ^ y3f>7'? L i "f o 3. X í XÍAli í CO? UXhýyr [ÍL Z'iiLŽ tz KÍL/:, 1. Mr Smith is going to see a movie tomorrow. 2. Mr Smith jogs every day. 3. Mr Smith ate dinner at a restaurant yesterday. /i-ÍT buy l:£ every day i >*5 every morning i >I±X every evening i 'Ui every week •^ 3*'>7'£ LÍŤ jog 91 EXERCISES f"j I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. eat drink buy read listen (to) see do tz-ií-t «Ait Taí-t............. i i ti-................ a i-t..................... i i-r............... ŕz<í*tL OTAi-tfr/C JtAá-tíX "í í í-ŕ/C........... Ai-tŕA L i-tírX............ tz<í L ŕz J*í l/h ín*£ L ŕz l A i L ŕz í í á l/c................... Ai L/c L í l/c....... COAi-tíXT'l/c Vwitf/ITIZ: "íSití/CTl/c Ai-l+ATl/c lá-tŕ/CTl/c 41 II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. State what someone will see. ex. -ffí Í/Cli 7- U Ľ £ A í-f» 1..................................................................................................................................................... (X.l^!) 2..................................................................................................................................................... 05\i'í) B. State what someone will listen to. ax. "f "f í 3/Cli fc/U<< £ 5ÍÍ-fo 1..................................................................................................................................................... (CD) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (ř/í) «/U<< II. Make up sentences or dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. A. State what someone will do. ex. XÍXÍ/Cli XŤ- + Í fz<±-fo 1............................................................................................................ B. Ask and answer what someone will do. ex. A 1. A: 2. A 3. A: 4. A: XiXi/Cli tCiZt: /^i-f^ IV. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. A. State where someone will drink beer. ex. i-fULli 2AT Ľ-HÍ «Ait. 1..................................................................................................................................................... (l/X h ý >) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (;f>ŕ/u<-) ZT-* steak bar 93 B. State where someone will buy a magazine. ex.Í-ŤÍ*Ltt IJ/CťT ť-o L f fr^í-to (3 V t"-) (< i -7) .'jM V. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations. iH'Lr A. State where someone will do something. ex. X iZiLU.- I/X r7>t If/CCli/Cr ŕz<í-f. 1............................................................................................................................................................ 2........................................................................................................................................................... 3........................................................................................................................................................... 4........................................................................................................................................................... B. Asfc and answer where someone will do something. ex. A:X = XÍ/CI1 iT:t li'/CC'li/Cr /c<±-f^o B: UX h"7>T ŕz^íiľo 1. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 2. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 3. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 4. A:................................................................................................................................................. B:.................................................................................................................................................. 94 tLj frL library X4"°— 77?y gym, fitness/sports club XrK—'/ sport(s) 7 -7 7" dub m£2«m VI. State what someone does regularly. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations. ex. every day 1. every morning 2. every evening 3. every week x. ^£Ťť5/Cli iiw;*, otóč ť5/Cl££ L i-f. 2.. 3.. VII. Taífc about the events o/a weekend. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined words with the alternatives given. ex. frV. 9: Ln> 7 Í-^IZ ÍL-ICÍ LÍL/;K X ;X: Zttítit =f)l-7j LiL/cc i^řiTZT Li lrzt\ X;X:]iZJaT LÍL/:. tf^ 9: f i Tt<\ 1. tf* £ Ť :............................................................................................................... X ■ X:............................................................................................................... (7'iJ -y*L. t-7.) fr H i:............................................................................................................... X 5 X:............................................................................................................... (frf-iKD x - X 3 - h) frUi:............................................................................................................... 2. ^ £ i :............................................................................................................... X ; X:............................................................................................................... (-Tf í í A. fr^v t <") tí^ i:............................................................................................................... X 5 X:............................................................................................................... (Í*/CÍ*W f""'*- h) 7}- £ Ť :............................................................................................................... l>tó dog «ľ/a- -x vegetable juice ■PSí» vegetable fc< ÍA (another person's) wife i/Clí? Li-f go for a walk zill 7 £ Lit play golf ř-^J-f- tennis court 95 ŕ Q VIII. Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear. IE33 ™ 1. ^-t-Vi/Ui ^icf:li^\ £ ij j&< i^ -) z'ií^í-f0 -t-fi: l:í,J:it/ffl 7ĽIC íitliv L á "to ô-ŕc 'J Tt = Ä-t+O r>£:l;tv\ ^^'J±L/c„ Tli, fei'±XÍ fcT/Cfrlf/CZ'TČ restaurant employee: This is Tenmasa. Suzuki: .I'd like to make a reservation. restaurant employee:-AII right. Thank you. Suzuki: Sunday at seven o'clock, please, for two people. restaurant employee: Yes. Well, then, please give me your name and telephone number. VOCABULARV X Lí Í X"Z' i'^^íir this is Tenmasa (speaking on the phone) T h i í Tenmasa (fictitious restaurant name) T" "' if i » i -f (humble form of T-f) «t f < reservation hfr '] í L ŕ: understood; I see; I understand foti*1) í~t understand ti ti Í X. (another person's) name (polite word for tli) This is the phrase to use when you want to make a reservation. fcfcW'i * L í -f can be used to order food or drink, too. ex. 3-t-£ řilaí!i>Lit. "I'll have (a cup of) coffee, please." 1. Talk to someone about your plans for the weekend. 2. Tell someone about what you did the previous weekend. AT A TEMPURA RESTAURANT II TARGET DIALOGUE Mr. Smith and Mr. Suzuki have arrived at a tempura restaurant in Ginza. -r-r í : tfítto X ; X '. (a few moments later, at the table) *■ v^ A -tt T"f fa o -t-f$i/Cli J; < zw A-tri:: i íirů\ X ; X : (fifteen minutes later, after their dishes have arrived) ~T~f ? Í5 /C, ■t-ť* : *XT-ŕ. X i X : ^^L^T"f fa„ ■ XiXÍ/Uá 1-f$*X,£ $'Xí"íO TX^.vkťl:: PÍiU;„ x-X^li -f-fŕí/CU 5^-íťW ttia.£ ííiL/čo restaurant employee: Welcome. Suzuki: I'm Suzuki, restaurant employee: Oh, Mr. Suzuki. Right this way, please. Smith: This is a nice restaurant, isn't it? Do you come to this restaurant often, Mr Suzuki? Suzuki: Yes, I come sometimes. Because (this restaurant's tempura) is so delicious. Smith: Mr. Suzuki, what's this fish? Suzuki: It's whiting. Smith: It's delicious, isn't it? I Mr. Smith went to a tempura restaurant in Ginza \ the name of the fish. . Suzuki. Mr. Smith asked Mr. Suzuki VOCABULARY -t-r** á Mr. Suzuki ~ií Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss (more polite than í ÁJ) J: < often (see Appendix I, p. 248) iĹ i if* sometimes (see Appendix 1, p. 248) fexLi x-f be delicious, be tasty 97 88 1 i)'b í t-t£ because (particle) fish whiting (kind of fish) (note: Names of fish, fruits, vegetables, etc. are sometimes written in katakana.) tempura restaurant ask fr h follows a sentence or clause that explains the reason for something. Here, the topic phrase C A-tŕtf) TX/.)°bli is being omitted. (For more on frh, see Note 3, p. 142.) ) WORD POWER ■ CD I. Verbs: \.XLhí líir 2.i-íit 3. Ü < <) i -r 4. h\-i-f 98 T/C*?? L i "f telephone jí1 í í -t write « < 'J i -Ť send í> i > i -f meet «»■MW II. Family: \.ŕzfr\tlZL íííĺtíA, 3. t-^\tliL 7.iiíí/,ro C* L* Ľ/C 8. tioi:/L»ĽA KEY SENTENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. X-xiM a/:'íi: TXfrí lit» x;xíAli í, L/b /c^IlLi^: *>^i-f. -ŕ-r-ví/Cli J: < fe^ásí/Ci: T«í frtt-to -f-^ >í/ül± ási'J ŕ U Ľ í Ai-tŕ/,. 1. 2. 3. 4. Mr. Smith is going to phone a friend. Mr. Smith is going to see Mr. Takahashi tomorrow. Ms. Chan often writes letters to her mother. Ms. Chan doesn't watch television very much. ! r> £ 9 í L (another person's) father £#'£> í L (another person's) mother Ü < í h (another person's) wife t, t, (my) father lili (my) mother TÍ/M'»' (my) wife Z' L rt» Ľ ^ (another person's) husband C'~ (honorific prefix) fí->!:/L#lX/ (my) husband TjJ'A letter áS i ') ... not much — i -tí ^ (see Appendix I, p. 248.) 99 1 - EXERCISES - ,' j I. Practice conjugating verbs. Repeat the verbs below and memorize their forms—present and past, affirmative and negative. PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. telephone XLhí Li-f Li-ttX, TX« Lá L/c TX^£ Li-tŕ/CTL/c write friii- ^i i-ttx. 4<5 á L/c í-íí-tf^TU; send ti < ') í -f fc< 'J i-tí-A « < ') a L /c íí< ') i-tírATL/c meet äs^i-f ti'itA tl>ÍU: AcHiWL/: ^Sj II. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined words with the words in parentheses. A. State whom someone will write to. ex. X c Xť5AIÍ. t t,t£t>K T^AÝ Hi-f = 1..................................................................................................................................................... (fc £ Ť 5 /C) 2..................................................................................................................................................... (/c4M± L i/C) 3..................................................................................................................................................... (ŕz^lfrL) B. State whom someone will telephone. ex. XíXíAli l/X h-7>i: TX,fc>£ L i-f „ 1..................................................................................................................................................... (i^&i/C) 2..................................................................................................................................................... «n * i <■ í i 3) ÍXÍ'W .t-Ť-^ a a □ □ a|HĎT6L a 1 1 4) i:liACi 'J ... -i-tŕ/C) 3. A:-f-t-> i Ali J: < xi^<£ Ait4>. B:................................................................................................................ 0 ^ X. -tíX-tŕX . . . - í-tfX) VI. Give a reason for an answer. Answer the questions below using the example as a guide. Substitute the underlined word with the words in parentheses. ex. A: Z i Z $ HÍ X< ř-XÍ Lít^„ B:liv*„ H« *,^^ll J: < Í/UÍÍ Li-r^„ B: ^ -o ...................................................................................................................................................... (C Ť xX) 2. A:^-ľ>-ÍAI± «t < -TLÍ ŕz^-t-tfr, B: ^ *° ...................................................................................................................................................... (i" L V) U X (- ý y d — •? Restaurant Roma (fictitious restaurant name) nť- a — -7 Rome "f I í -> \t*> l l f Sapporo (branch) office -tíX-tíX . ÍtIÍí Sapporo (city on the island of Hokkaido) +L<* lobby sushi — - í -tť/C not at all (see Appendix I, p. 248.) sushi restaurant 103 i VII. Order at a restaurant. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustration. ex. XJX: . Ľ-/I/Í- 1\IL fcfctf^li-f. A-tí CO r>£:lä^„ 1. X 5 X: ......................... A-tŕW Iři::...................... 2. X a X: ......................... A-I+CO ľ>£:...................... 3. X J X: ......................... A-tŕíO í>£:...................... T -f X y 'J — A ice cream 104 O VIII. Talk about a weekend plan. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given. ex. ~Ť ~t Í ZLť:.. -r-fí:.. ft >: 2. -fľí:. -f -f >:■ -f-fí:. Ť+V: (ABCXl-7777') . t>x h7> K7=r>) . (i/x \-ýy F7í'/) . (< 11(7) ') £ 1 ')) í> IX. Listen to the CD and fill in the blank based on the information you hear. Ť + v^li J: < fc^ásí/LU....................................................... ±-r. SHORT DIALOGUES CI [l I. Mr. Green comes to the restaurant Tenmasa with his wife. Ä-tí: «O Uť;\±\\ H£:Iíu„ Green: Excuse me, two "pine" meals please. restaurant employee: All right. What about a beverage? Green: Two draft beers, please. restaurant employee: All right. VOCABULARY i-on-x ÍÍCOAtco ;->: -fÄi-tfX. 'J i i L * U J: f fcW-Lit. A-ti:<7) U*Ĺ: l±o0 fc^Jjlli? Green: Excuse me, I'd like the check, please, restaurant employee: All right. Green: Excuse me. I'd like a receipt, restaurant employee: All right. What is your name? tit-L Ľ J: Ť bill, check 'Ji^LtJŤLj: receipt (requiring signature from the restaurant or store where the purchase was made and usually necessary when appling for reimbursement of expenses incurred) Go to a restaurant and try ordering food and a beverage in Japanese. . --ťy'^atUJt'-.ŕUfe^—Ji-' if~WJ»,s* VrJupUjHLí'fltiä' Quiz 2 (Units 3-5} Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with the appropriate particle. Where a particle is not needed, write in an X. 1. 7--y'il ii( )üLf£U t-f-f]\ f't-b( )Í*T1V 5. /b7í-(i L Í5 X^li *>ltz '^wL*» l>£( )££í^( )o ii'-ŕ. 6. X-XiAli Sííí/Cí )T/C*?£ LiL/:. 7. /^Milí/Ui "^>Lffl *>^<« UXh7>( )ÍAž:'!U ( I^ÍL/1:. 8. fr/blli '( )lA,.r>/,(. )JtÄi-f„ 10. X=XÍA,IÍ ^0( ) |C(ÍX>(= ÍÍL/;i>\ 5i)^ 18i:*( ) í i L/c„ 11. J; < f--X£ Li.-f^o U, Ť ^<7) ^U±-f( ■ )o (Hint: This sentence is giving the reason.) f\W Complete each question by filling in the blank(s) with the appropriate word. i. Ií/Cťvo i£U( )^i-r#\ tzt-\±l*L-<7)'Jlíli( )Tti\ 3. xJco *,^< i;( . ' )rt< *ui-r^o ^"xco'Jlíť *1> ilf L* x < K> r-*'*-M< iUi-To A o-3 í) U i "To 5. ž-* iŤLlz titz Včt<( )^t-ŤH\ 6. ft>í^ /i/C ľ J: Ť í/'li ( )T-f^o 7. ( )i? í Jt Ť £Ll*U T/C^bř LH/:')1. X-XÍU' LäL/io 107