UNIT
GRAMMAR
Inviting Someone to Do Something and Making Suggestions
verb-i-tí/U-
verb -iLii
ex. ^Ijtl:    *J<il:    i>*i-tf/U\,
"Won't you go to Asakusa with (me)?AVhat do you say to going to Asakusa together? JLiL/lt\\  i'?iLn.  "Yes, let's go."
The verb- ä #Lfr pattern is used to invite someone to do something. Appropriate replies are as follows.
1. Acceptance:
a.  sti/Iii». verb-iLjtŤ. "Yes, let's [verb]."
b.  *.x./{i\\ -tfy0 "Yes, I'd love to."
2.  Refusal: *Lft.LT-f-bK  -iZ'ifr    hi^TT.
"I'm sorry, but it wouldn't be convenient (for me)."
The verb - t L J: i pattern is generally translatable as "let's."
I verb-í L J: i fr
ex. ť Z T    í>\»i L J: Ť fr, "Where should we meet?" The verb- 4 L J: i fr pattern is used to invite someone to decide a time, place, etc. for something.
Offering to Do Something
I verb- i L J: ň fr
ex. U t o í     t % t L t ň fr,  "Shall I carry your luggage?"
The verb- í L J i í' pattern is also used when offering to do something for someone. Appropriate replies are as follows.
1. Acceptance: sti/lii*.  fcfctfn* L ti~• "Yes, please."
2.  Refusal: <• >v > x.  1+ o C Ť Ti"o "No, thank you."
140
INVITATIONS
Mr. Kato invites Mr. Smith to a festival in Asakusa.
X 5 X : ooT-ťfc.      i'ÍÍLn.  ŕ//CT    ^í í l Jt 7 tf\. ^£ ť : ímt   i<í HkLt\ -xix:^9    LäLn. í:":t   íi^íUih
x ; x : (in. <cX,Ľl::   í>^il.jt-H\> frKň : 1 OĽIi    ŕ i T-fiK
x = x : 1 0 Ľ T1" n o   Ľ r.   c:" J: i l/'Uo
Kato: Mr. Smith, there is a festival in Asakusa this Saturday. Won't you go with me? Smith: That would be nice. Let's go. How should we go?
Kato: Would you like to go by subway? Smith: Let's do that. Where should we meet?
Kato: Would you like to meet at the ticket gate at Asakusa Station? Smith: All right. What time should we meet?
Kato: How about 10:00? Smith: 10:00, then. Well, I'll see you on Saturday.
■ On Saturday there is a festival in Asakusa, so Mr. Smith is going to Asakusa with Mr. Kato. «■Muni j. i .WW!1 mmwmmmtmmmmmmmm&xzr--------------------------------------------------
VOCABULARY	
fc'Ji-r	there is/are going to be {see Note 1 below)
i »-a Lii:	together
i*S*4X,4'	won't you go (with me)?
^?iU?	let's go
p?Un^	shall we go?
fcí< í*í	Asakusa Station
*n *i o Cr,	ticket gate
ť?T-r*	how is... ?
^b	because (particle; see Note 3 below)
141
l.*Í<ÍT   tit^W    fc'J í-to
$> ') í ~f can also be used in the sense of "take place" or "happen." The place where the event happens is followed by the particle T*.
2. L>,   t'X i Vi:.
ťl l lf\~ is short for ť£ 1 lf\~    <fev>á L jt 7, "let's meet on Saturday." Japanese people often refer to the next meeting rather than saying good-bye.
ex. Ľ «•'.   íf:    í)L/co  "Well then, (see you) again tomorrow."
3.:AL*ifl   ťXiifr-   *>í<ír   fci-5'J^   fc')i-f^í>, x ;XU
li   í'tii/,!:   í,i<íi:   ^Sí-t.
This complex sentence consists of two clauses. The first clause, ending with the particle í" b, expresses a reason for what is stated in the second clause.
^ GRAjCTI^
WORD POWER
CD
I.   Events:
1. Iltt-y'/ri^nv
2. i-ŕíáoij
3. *tyi]-<T>    Lfci>
142
*4ftffcv	•7)-l	*   fireworks display	itiioi)	snow festival	*f ■/*)-	soccer'
liti-V		fireworks	tí	snow	Uľ	game, match
frl -i)-v		large gathering				
II. Parts of a station:
|O0**|
*C
©
o O »- *   |
/ ©
©
//n/iiiiiimm
fflffi
if
	t® /	N
//////inn		JUUWWWW
®<^	| STATION |	jc^>®
	□ |                     D	
	O®	
1.  .t.-A
2.  i>'J C*,
3.  i:L<-^
4.  y^'L <-*,
5.  */;<-*,
6.  A'j.'ÄCi,
. Variations on the - á i~ form:
	go	see	do	meet
v-i-ŕ v- i L X 1		Ai-t	Lí-t Lá L l l LÍUŤ4-Lá-tť/U-	*i'á L J: ť
V-ÍLjí*' V-Ž-tí/U-		Aí Li 7<> Ai-tt/U>		
KEY SENTENCES
1.	Lnoi^i:    i'tLjI:    ;o^£    Aití^.
2.	XV *tf*£     Aí L Jt Ť o
3.	t£\Zt     fz<í l X lt\
4.	ťlilfr-   ii<ít   títiW   ás'ji-r»
5	2j»h»|:    l/^7>i(    í>')£-f^b,   UXh^VT"    Ljľ<ĽÝ
	LUtJLfr.
1.	Would you like to see a movie with me over the weekend?
2.	Let's see a movie.
3.	What should we eat?
4.	There's a festival in Asakusa on Saturday.
5.	There's a restaurant on the second floor, so won't you have a meal with me there?
*-A	platform	ÄÄC*	north exit
i»g c%	entrance	***<*£	south exit
iua	west exit		
tř**LC^	east exit		
í
EXERCISES'
ex. V- h t 11L £    /;-<£+ — Č/áCli/L £    tz^t^L-h-
1.    3 -1 - í   <r>&í-t           —■................................................................................
2.    J/l-7*      L í "t                    -».............................................................................
^ji    II. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the
illustrations.
Q_£
ÍL_f
A. Invite someone to do something and accept one's invitation.
ex. A
B:
1.    A
E
2.    A B
3.    A
B
4.    A
B
ix, /-Jin.
B. Invite someone to do something and refuse one's invitation.
ex. A: L ft 9 í -~> i:    ^oLjti:    a.v^{£    A.ŕ-tŕX^N
1.   A:.................................................................................................................
B:.................................................................................................................
tt-5
sumo wrestling
I'm sorry, but it wouldn't be convenient (for me)
144
2.    A: B:
3.    A: B:
4.    A: B:
k*jl    III. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples.
A.  Decide what to do.
ex. A: ÍClC ý     f:-<í Li 7 ti\ B: XL.l'hí:     rz<t*tLt\
A:ii   Ýi       Li Lj Ť.
1.    A:.............................................................................................................................................  (CO A i -f)
B:................................................................................................................................................  (V -f V.   COA i -f)
A:...............................................................................................................................................
2.    A:..........................................................................................................................................  (<n « í "t)
B:..............................................................................................................................................  (*-t//C.   in > ä -f)
A:...............................................................................................................................................
B.  Decide when to do something.
ex. A: >■ ^">     Ž^ÍUŤK
B:&L/cCO     3 ĽI1     ^-jT-f^. A: X. X..   ÝŤ       l í I Jt Ť o
1.   A:.................................................................................................................................. (7* Hf > r í    tf h > í "f)
B:.................................................................................................................................. (ť X i Xf)
A:..................................................................................................................................
2.  A:.................................................................................................................................. (zfllyi    l í-t)
B:................................................................................................................................. (b v Mf o)
A:..................................................................................................................................
Ľ
I! í
:
145

C. Decide where to do something.
ex. A: ť Z T     žV ' í L X ňfr
z ň \íL<n   iit
A:ii   f i      Lí LJ: i. J ■   A:......................................................................................................................................................................'tz<± -t)
(ABCt'/H:    IH>     U*h-7>>í<    /:<ÍA    ÍS'JÍ-f,   ABCt'^T    /c<i-t)
A 2.   A:
B
................................................................................................................................ (U* l Ý     L i -í")
C<n    ŕ,^<U    I 7 *,(,<<   *>'Ji+.   :u/,T    lifrlÝ     L i-f)
IV. Make up sentences following the patterns of the examples and based on the information in the illustrations.
ex. Saturday
*>i <i
1. next month
*->{!*>
2. tomorrow
A. State when and where an event will take place.
ex.ť£7ľfíZ    í>í<ť5T    fci^'M*    aS'jJ-f«,
líífLř     Lit          talk
Hf^
Invite someone to an event and accept one s invitation.
ex. A: ť 1 i If I:    *i<it    fci^'Jtf'    *> U i "t. V.V-, L Jt 1=    ^ii
1.    A:
B:
2.    A:
B.
3.    A:
B.
V. Invite someone to an event and decide on a meetingplace. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given.
ex. X i X :     Í,Í-,T    fefe'v'lfT    U fr #/č v "W -t<    f>>)íir.   v »o l Jt U    v>*i-tf:/C^0 frj}>fŕ,: ^^T-t*a. i'iiLn. X ; X:      íT:T    í>v*í L J: it\
x; X:     ix.,   íi     liljrŤo
1.    x; X:   .................................................................................................. (A:i»l4\C. '<— ŕ-ť— j
íi-í- Ľ h:...............................................................................................
X i X:   ..................................................................................................
ÍL'4-f b:................................................................................................ (L /C Ľ * < * í <7>    i: L C í>)
X i X:   ..................................................................................................
2.    X ; X:    ..................................................................................................  (£ 7 $ JE -5 +>-/k   D>*f- h)
íi- í > f h:................................................................................................
X = X:   ..................................................................................................
ttfcVb:................................................................................................ (!:i?j:Uí«   A íi-*<**,)
X 5 X:    ..................................................................................................
\*\>X"ttl            that sounds good
L X^lí L    i«       Shimbashi station L Ali L                 Shimbashi (district in Tokyo)
L L Ľ <t < X. í            Shinjuku Station
L /C Ľ t <                 Shinjuku (district in Tokyo)
t ň í J: i .Ť» — /Ľ       Tokyo Hall (fictitious building name)
.t.—'I-                        (concert) hall                                          147

fi Q    VI. Invite someone out to eat. Make up a dialogue based on the information in the illustrations.
148
n^^ij-
7.    Ť -ť >:....................................................................................................................................................................................
8.   t-fí:.....................................................................................................................................................................................
9.   -f-f í: Ľ f.  í:'J: i lf\z. 10.    -ft >: Ľí.   ä/co
C P   VII. Listen to the CD and fill in the blanks based on the information you hear.
X £ x i L li........................................T........................................i:    i:^:ii:    v > 3 i -f.
SHORT DIALOGUES
^ + >:    ás'M^ ť rsvi-f. -tfiy.
Nakamura:  I'm going to be playing tennis with Mr. Smith next week. Won't you join us, Ms.
Chan? Chan:           Thank you, I'd love to.
VOCABULARY
-tff/            by all means, certainly
ll. -/itWll: X -Xi/C,   ;/,L*ii)    1= ^ Jt i tf\z    it,T   '<-T4-$
Li-r. ?á-ir/U\,
X;X:      fc'jrf«*:-? r-5"v»í-r. -tfiA.
Takahashi: Mr. Smith, I'm having a party at my house this Sunday. Won't you come?
Smith:        Thank you. I certainly will.
VOCABULARY
'■-Ť<-ř      l í-f       have a party
i. (u^Jt ti/i-   i t,\t) * i-t+/U\
When inviting someone to your own home, use the phrase ? £ -tŕ L 4\ Appropriate replies are X. á./ Iii\ ih'ii'ti Z'i'^'t-t ("yes, thank you") or, to decline the offer, if/Cft/Crl"^. oíií« h&^ »T"r ("I'm sorry, I'm afraid it wouldn't be convenient [for me]").
Invite a friend to an event.
---------T-.-------—:------:------—-----------—----------

149
PARTICIPATING IN A FESTIVAL
(.
)l TARGET DIALOGUE
Mr. Smith meets Mr. Suzuki, who is wearing a happi coat, and calls out to him.	
frZ i	: *>.  xíXí/L,  fc-tZU    -t-fří/C^'   ^i-rJt.
X i x	: li/O li iľtŕi. tfí^„
■r-ť i	:í,,   XiXíL  X;XÍ/Ct    KoLii:    KAZLÍ
	^o*i-tt/U\,
X i x	: Ti,   liotfrf<    <ř>'J í-tr/C.
■f-f*	: hr:l<Dt:    ?Mi L J: i H>\
X i x	: iu^Ti-^o
-r r í	: *5Ľ  hŕzllí    2i^    *>'J í-r^ŕ,.
X ; X	: bWZj i**Vi-f.  li. fcía^oLi-ť.
■ X S	xi/Cli    Í>Í<ÍT*   tfJ^i:    *i»i L/=. v.»-,Ljti:
íiA	ZLÍ    ^o*'i-f„
Kato:	Oh, Mr. Smith, there's Mr. Suzuki over there.
Smith:	You're right. Mr. Suzuki!
Suzuki:	Oh, Mr. Smith. Would you like to carry the o-mikoshi with us?
Smith:	But I don't have a happi coat.
Suzuki:	Shall I lend you mine?
Smith:	Is it all right with you?
Suzuki:	Yes, I have two.
Smith:	Thank you. I'll ask you to do that, then.
■ Mr. Smith has met Mr. Suzuki in Asakusa. They will carry the o-mikoshi together.	
rawjum	
\ILX. i	true
tiJ*Zl	portable shrine (carried during festivals)
r t	carry (on one's shoulders)
	but
IJt -, v	happicoat
hŕ;l<n	mine
«■LiLí-ji-	shall 1 lend you?
4-Lít	lend
áb'Ji-ť
is it all right? (expressing reserve) have (see Note 1 below)
l.'!.'ni<
1. (bf:Lli) li-z,lfi<   ás •; i-tr/Co
íi'Jit can also be used in the sense of "have" or "own."
,
»A£*l£5
WORD POWER i
CD
I.   Verbs:
1. ^Lt-t
		
-► Qui	í	jft)
		
2. ~>\1i-t
3.IÍLÍŤ
4. t%t-f
5. h\1í-t
6. i^t-t
7.  (LfL/Lí)   £ 'Já-t

tf-li-f	lend	*>nt-r	open
"3lt* +	tum on	l*>i-t	close, shut
itLi-r	turn off	Ufl/Cf)   £')! +	take {a photograph)
t,*,i-f	carry, hold	Irli	photograph

151

Words that can be used with & ') í ~ť ("to have"):
10:00	
12:00	Free
15:00	Meeting
18:00	
1. l'*^
Ä
2.  < hí
S  M T  W T  F S
í)23 4 í é 7 M9 10 n 12 13 I* TO lí 17 18 I? 20 Zl S 23 24 25 2Í 27 2« S) 30 31
3. K-tJ+
	
	A 1  U E  P»
	^>^
4.i:iJX;:'tf>
Ľ * 5" J: Ť
KEY SENTENCES
i.   *>-f£    iíiiLn^
2.   X j Xí/Ji     iPÍ-'W     í'
1.   Shall I draw a map?
2.   Mr. Smith has two movie tickets.
,.IW    2íp    í)'J i "f c

EXERCISES
j^     I.   O/fer to do something. Make up sentences as in the example.
ex.   I í> l /L £     £'Ji-f— lfl/C£     £ 'J á I jr. Ť ^
1.    %-fS     Í-ÍÍŤ             —..............................................................'...........
2.    Z<n    \l L í    frli-t   -*..............................................................................
152
Ľ r» * i Ť
Time class map

k*J    II. Offer to do something and accept or reject one's offer. Make up dialogues following the pattern of the example and based on the information in the illustrations.
ex. X í X:     Utoč     t *>í Ljt Ť^ -f-f í:     i'»i   ItoZ Ť Ti"»
f

1.    X ; X:
2.    X i X:
-t-fí:
3.   X i X: ífí-ĽÍ,:
4.    X ; X: -f "f*:
lc*o	luggage, baggage
KT	door
íť	window
xr^y	air conditioner
153
, '^M    III. State what one has. Make up sentences following the pattern of the example. Substitute the underlined word with the words suggested by the illustration.
j Movie:
10:00	
12:00	Free
15:00	Meeting
18:00	
Mon	
Tue	Japanese Lesson
Wed	
Thu	Off
ex. hfz Hi    ti±nt<    #>'J i-fc
1.....................................................................................................
2............................................................................................,........
3.....................................................................................................
4.....................................................................................................
5.....................................................................................................
6.....................................................................................................
^hS    IV. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples.
A. Offer to lend someone something, giving a reason for doing so, and accept one's offer.
ex. A:0fc>/cUi) £iý*    2\IL    *>') í -f frh.   fr L í L x i fr.
B: l±V\   tetoV^lí-t,
1.   A:..................................................................................................................................................... (-<>.   2 Íí/C)
B:.......................................................................................................................................................
2.    A:......................................................................................................................................................  (U -»V,   2 ä v >)
B:.......................................................................................................................................................
íj*-ía
money
154
B. Invite someone to do something, giving a reason for doing so, and accept one's invitation.
ex. AihrzHi)   < hifr   fc'Ji-f^b. i'oL Jti;    u-^z-ji:    ^it
^Lfr. Ü, -trVo
1.   A:
(.tit l*>^     DVD.   Aít)
2.   A:.
(X.i-*!C0    i -p.;:.  i>* i-f)
49
V. Make up dialogues following the patterns of the examples. Substitute the underlined parts with the alternatives given, using the same grammatical forms as in the examples.
A. Refuse an invitation by stating one's situation.
ex. -f-fi: jti»J»«W    i-^S-fr    2i^    í, 'J i -f „  -f- + y í /C.   C/lliX
■f + v: -r a í -ŕ a. z/Ciíx   ľ^/u* žuí-č/C,
i-Ti-.iŤTirfr.  Cf,   ítz    ZJLť.
1.   -f-Ti:..............................................................................................................................
* f V:.............................................................................................................................. (fr\ > ?'iJ<   * ') á -t)
-t-f 5:..............................................................................................................................
2.   -t -T í :..............................................................................................................................
^ + >:..............................................................................................................................
(dli/C;'«   Ľr»?'j:Ť*5   A'Já-t)
-f ľ í:
B. Invite someone to do something.
ex.  X ; X X ; X
+1*3
-f-fíí/C.   b^L*Ť    i>-jLii:    J^7?    li-tf/C^ Tt,   7 7^'    *>'J á -tirX^o
1.    X ; X:.............................................................................. (X *-)
•f-f i:............................................................................... (£'ť <')
X ; X:...............................................................................
-t-ť?:...............................................................................
Z /Clí L               this evening
ítz    Z/Lť     next time
7 -7 -f                  golf club
Č'-) <-                  tool, equipment

155
2.    X ;X:...........................................................................  (Ť-X)
"f-f S':-.:........'.....'.,.,...................................................... {ý'Ty h)
X i X:............................................................................
i-fi:.....,.........................................................................
O
VI. Offer to help someone. Make up a dialogue based on the information in the illustrations.
1.   -f-fi:.
2.    X • X:
3.   -f-ť*:.
4.    X £ X:
CD   VII. Listen to the CD and answer the question based on the information you hear.
156
"7 y y I-                   racket
3 tí— i     L i "f      make a photocopy
k
.....
itnjüTKT n
SHORT DIALOGUES

Cu    I.  At the festival site, Mr. Smith accidentally steps on someone's foot. X i X:                    cť-9 t    tAi^t^TL/:.
woman: Oh, ouch!
Smith:    Oh, I'm sorry. Are you all right?
woman: Yes, I'm fine.
Smith:    I'm really sorry.
VOCABULARY
painful, ouch!
are you all right?
I'm sorry {for what I did a while ago)
II. Mr. Kato calls out to Mr. Smith, who appears to be ill.
X ; X: liv»«,
Kato:       Are you all right?
Smith:      I'm feeling a bit out of sorts.
Kato:       There's a bench over there, so let's take a little break.
Smith:      All right.
VOCABULARY
I feel out of sorts; I don't feel well
bench
rest, relax, take time off
You have two tickets for an event. Invite someone to that event.

157
Quiz 3 (Units 6-7)
I  Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with the appropriate particle. Where a particle is not needed, write in an X.
2.   h ŕ: Hi     tzLttltfK     lilii;     X#-7(              ) í>lfi l/c
3.   cTJt-jtfi:    í,i<iT   fcio'J(          )*>'Ji-fo
4.  fr/tlii < -Si <          )*>•; i-f.
5.  *?/clli x^í5«<n    ío.it(          )2iv>(          )í)'ji-t.
O
Complete each question by filling in the blank with the appropriate word. 1.   tlít ô l/Z \-7>{i(          )l/Z.bý>T-ti\
Ktťíi:    tb^iL/co
3.  i<Dň<n   a>-i—hU(          )TL/:í\
4.  KfcJť?íŕl=<          )T   '<-y>-b-;M<    í,'Jiťí\ Mínf'í-rT    í)'J i "f.
Change the word in parentheses to the form that is appropriate in the context of the sentence..
1.   ZT*X 9*f-/Hi(                               )*Ť7J/T-r.($*t^T-f)
2.    ZiK.li(                               )y- + T-f.(íiv>L^T-f)
3.   í,<OUX h7>li    í>i'j(                               )«,(l-f^T"f)
4.   ?«ť<75   /<— f<- U    £Tt(                            ). (KÍ^T-f)
5.   ÍWifl    jti»$«li    í,Ž'J(                            ). (fc't LÍ^Tt)
|^J  Change the words in parentheses to the forms that are appropriate in the context of the dialogue.
1.  A: Li* ■} io|:    ^olJti:    jtotf«í<                               ). (Ai-f) «,  Ai L Jt Ť o
ťZ?{                               )„(í>^i-f)
£ 9 $ Jr. 7 ;*. í li    ŕitt^.
2.   A: IT^>Í     (                               )„ (olti-t) B: l'Pi,   If-j Z "5 T-to
A: Tli,  iiTí   (                               )„(*>l-ri-f)
iiv\ mav^lí-f.
I
158