^Ui'Sn fiř ft ?< L E S S O Family Picture lrt> U/u N é IS Dialogue Clj Sue is showing a picture of her family to her roommate, Michiko. 2 x — : ^.Xo 5 &% Z : ^M^N^Cf fco ó x - : zfLtt,%Tt* 7 T / ]) ý]COf:W-fíiSbX\"±~Ťo 8^U: 4N*jfc < -C. /^^A-C-ftec io x -: Ajfc. J*aiNfrL,tV*É+« i3 ^^: : t^tTiK *-^ Íii*ť**i**u is x — : íLit, X i 1k<Ř t^bc yj A phone rings in Sue and Michiko's room. i n/s'— h 2 &%z : 3 u/<— h 5 ^^z : ■ - ■ - - H7Ü-* 7 &%z : U^&, -f ŕffS á-f, Michiko: Is this your family picture. Sue? Sue: Yes. Michiko: Which is you? Sue: This. I was wearing glassses when I was in high school. Michiko: You are cute. Sue: This is my father. He works for an American company. Michiko: He is tall and handsome. Is this your elder sister? Sue: Yes. My sister is married. She lives in Seoul now. She has one child. He is three years old. Michiko: I see. Oh. there is a cat. But he is a little fat. Sue: Yes, because he eats a lot. 2) Robert: Michiko. what are you doing now? Michiko: I'm not doing anything especially. I am looking at Sue's pictures. Robert: I see. I have an interesting video, so if you like, would you like to come to see it? Michiko: That sounds good. Is it all right if Sue comes with me? Robert: Of course. Michiko: We'll come right now. ► ZSpU'X/Žifól r m A fc^ a b Nouns IŤz * & & X. $ ) cute tall short (stature) long fast short (length) * Words fhat appear in the dialogue im< ^■adjectives 17 - v e r b s "9 7c Ť •ti j&\&S LŠ *v% Ut^ »ti" Zv o t W i Ů. -f L 0 |^/t mn t-^A. * fť ttť t±< &.E* *£ /? u - v e r b s Irregular Verb Adverbs and Other * & í - t> + negative Mt ~C/v ~A * »•C 0 —A i»£ 0 SA * <^l- + negative ?'Ji: * UU * J:^of:b kind convenient to sing to put on (a hat) to get to know I know I do not know to live (-(-tA^T^át) to put on (items below your waist) to gain weight to be on the heavy side to put on (glasses) to put on (clothes above your waist) to work for to lose weight to be thin to get married (~ tĹ ) Expressions but not . . . anything [counter for people] one person two people not ... in particular of course if you like ► SIS •£/"£! I Ä /ž Grammar CTI ~ru§ A verbal "fe-form," when followed by the helping verb u á, means either of the following: (a) an action in progress, or (b) a past event that is connected with the present. Which of these two senses a given verb is used in is to a large extent determined by the semantic characteristics of the verb. The verbs we have learned so far can be roughly divided into three groups based on their semantics. (1) verbs that describe continuous states (2) verbs that describe activities that last for some time (3) verbs that describe changes that are more or less instantaneous We have not seen many Group 1 verbs. So far we only have h ?> and už. The fe-forms of these verbs are never used together with the helping verb u §, so we will have nothing to say about them in this section. Many verbs belong to Group 2. They include verbs such as Jfc^S, Ütl, and í#o. When the fe-form of a verb in this group is followed by the helping verb ^5, we have a sentence describing an action in progress. X — % ^ Íá4^5£ Lt^í "fo Sue is studying right noiv. fz ii I 35 & H&tf £>$> £ %ií A, *Cv n á -f c Takeshi is reading a book in English. You can also use a ~X\>^i~Ťsentence to describe what a person does by occupation. The first example below therefore has two interpretations: one. you are teaching English right at this moment; and two, you are an English language teacher (but are not necessarily in class right now). 1The distinction between Ml and h % that we learned in Lesson 4 does not apply to this helping verb ~^v\S : you can use ~"C^;g both for living things and for inanimate objects. / teach English, i I am teaching English (right now). ß T >J - % 4 (á H ^i# S jftjft L -C v * á i"0 Mary studies Japanese. /Mary is studying Japanese (right now). Verbs in Group 3 describe changes from one state to another. If you get married, or fäißt It- - i ~f Í, for example, your status changes from being single to being married. With these 2 verbs. X\*-<& indicates a past occurrence of a change which has retained its significance until the present moment. In other words. "C'V*? describes the result of a change. J^T^á; (á,féit LXloŘÝ* Professor Yamashita is married. %.% Z. % t»M%&}% l£KM-3 X *xŘ^t* Michiko is seated near the window. Here arc some more examples of verbs that are commonly used in the --'t^l. framework. Sue has a lot of money. Professor Yamashita knows English. Tom is a little overweight. &# tits % %-^mx^Ř -to My younger brother is very thin. m^ t#ot^a f. (has) 1 é ^oot».^ L (knows) &.% Ai.o.'tVtC .',. - (is overweight) f*t* ~ ^^X^Z> (is thin) 2Among the verbs we have learned so far. verbs such as á&5 í, ŕí < . 'If ž, m(, ;b*'l>. tti £" It £, ^.§, J££, M, m-t, £*i4, |f 9£, 9H t, 4f*<< &. i|&t < S, Igfrt». í$, ***, f Ž belong to Group 3. In most cases you can determine whether a verb belongs to Group 2 or 3 by checking if the verb allows for a phrase describing duration, such as — 8$SJ. Compare, for example, C fA (á I «O i — "IRU &£ Ire ä í L f:c / réaai d &t»A /br e« &&&? yesterday. x íA (i—8%^?EI- í L /co (Ungrammatical. much as the English translation "I died for an hour" which is also odd.) ítíľ thus belongs to Group 2. and rtfa to Group 3. 3 In Lesson 9, we will observe that this result of a change reading is actually not restricted to verbs in Group 3, but can be associated with those in Group 2 in certain contexts. 4Xote that the sentence does not mean Professor Yamashita is getting married. siö'xsa Í3LÚ iÖ% (wears) (is awrake) (lives in) oč (wrorks for) fá&ry is wearing/ivears a T-shirt. Zter/ /s «j? and awake. O ^> I «X .'Í Ľ 1 C' - " ŕ My father and mother live in Tokyo. %L0i% lí B ^íO^íi \z$jjish X v n á T« ' -:- My o/úfer sister works for a Japanese company. Note that verbs like If < and $11 belong to this group. Thus tt-st^í and &Tfc*$ indicate the current states that result from prior movements, not movements that are currently in progress. You may want to be careful with what the following sentences mean. 1 ^f-^t^tt Somebody has gone to J is in China. Not: She is going to China. Somebody has come over to visit. Not: Somebody is coming over. Finally, a note on conjugation. The helping verb ^N-S conjugates as a r«-verb. Thus we have long forms as in the following example. EAXU-S present past affirmative He is eating. //é1 sßizs eating. negative //g Ěs not eating. t^ri}f_tA^ut i ---------------------- He was not eating. WW*** To describe somebody who has long hair, one could say Yl*$Á.cr>miž-k^X-1r( Tom's hair is long. But in fact it would be far more natural in Japanese to say: h A^/UáM^Í^-Cl-; Tom has long hair. (=As for Tom, he has long hair.) This applies not only to discussions of the length of one's hair, but to descriptions of a person's physical attributes in general. A $/,íá g n *£v* n " " * a *b S Vs» # |Í - 6 . T&'jfa V *'V* M. i • • • • L J L J In idiomatic collocations, we also have: Person A has a body part which is ti* /s short is bright/smart Te-forms for Joining Sentences In the last lesson, we discussed the use of verbal te-iovms to join sentences, v *- and ^.'-adjectives and X"t after nouns also have te-forms, which can be used to combine two elements to form longer sentences. The fe-form of an v -«-adjective is formed by substituting < X for the final v •». The fe-form of a ic-adjective and a noun + X"t sequence is formed by adding T to the base or the noun. U-adjectives: irregular: £r,-adjectives: noun + "C&i ŤĚfíCOO m------ B*AZľ C IS/uüA/----- IM) The food at that restaurant is inexpensive and delicious. T/W person is always energetic and fun to be with. «■i Lfe***" i: !I/t L /v. Ji XĽ*aí- '• > Professor Yamashita is a Japanese and he is about forty years old. verb stem + CfirX U If a person moves to another place in order to do something, we can describe their movement and its purpose this way: destination of movement A, the purpose of movement rff< < .'J§3 im The purpose of movement can either be a noun like Ä ^m (shopping), or a phrase consisting of a verb, its object, and so forth. Verbs describing the purpose of a movement must be in their stem forms. Stems, as we learned in Lesson 3, are the part you get by removing Ř -f from the verbs' present tense long forms. stems: et -¥ ■> etc. / «'£«/ fo ff department store to buy a bag. A/tfrv- //firs cw»? rö Japan to study Japanese. Counting People The "counter" for people is A. but "one person" and "two people" are irregular: *^"A and ^- A. UZ 0 (-A) &ŤZ 0 (^A) ^^(c & (äA) l_\-L (tSA) Z'l'.A, (ÄA) h < K /v (ÄA) L&*- /C/fcfc KL ttfcfc ^ (AA) bwn fcA (iLA) Ľ tu ň ř-A- C-f-A) :-tA) one person two people three people four people five people six people seven people eight people nine people ten people To count people in a class, for example, you can add ~A after the noun and the particle #% and say: person if X A V&ť There is one Swedish student in our class. The place expressions are often followed by l-iá instead of Í- in this type of sentence. my—h Expression Notes JOjS^íU-S means "to play." "to spend time pleasantlv." or "to pay a social s* a* call." When I was a child, I often played with friends. You must not play around until late. I went to Tokyo to have fun last weekend. Please come and see us. Note that "to play" as used below requires different words. Sports: to play tennis Ť — X^i^ to play basketball rt%&? ř %±%_ Games: to play video games fvťy-i*&~Ť%> to play cards h ■? > "7* JH. Music instruments: to play the guitar $f&—$tM < ► éfS-Xžží P r a c t c e tl^ i/tjô A. Look at the pictures below and answer the questions. @ Example: Q : * T 'J - % k\$fö £ LTV^4fM% B. Pair Work—What were you doing at the following times yesterday? Be as specific as possible (where, with whom, and so on). Example: 2 p.m. 1. 6 a.m. 5. 6 p.m. 2. 8 a.m. 6. 8 p.m. 3. 10 A.M. 7 . 11 P.M. 4. 12:30 p.m. C. Class Activity—Let's play charades. The teacher gives a sentence card to each student. One of the students mimes the sentence. All other students guess what the person is doing and raise their hands when they recognize the action. The person that gets the most points is the winner. Example: H47 3? ^ íi3fc"C$ítVve*» Ř 1"o A. This is Sue's family. Answer the following questions, (jj] Example: Q S l>3t* &tí£ C £&&"?*>$ *f*% i. ^^(ä^iiiáx-c^át^o 2. $$&ttr* 9 #£&&-£"£?*« 9. nxžÄsižn^&étmzib&x^-kirfr* Father lives in N.Y. works for an American company 48 years old Mother high school teacher 45 years old Sister lives in Seoul works for a bank; married 27 years old Brother lives in London student; not married 18 years old B. Pair Work—Ask about your partner's family and fill in the blanks below. JMfc-CŤ* fäžlX^R-Ťfr gZlZ&fctl^R-ffr ŠšMlx^šl-fa &RŽÄJ iHp& UŽL^A ní »3 L %- ť ► Š1S-S? OmSŮfoHtfrfŽTTttšT (Describing People) A. Look at the picture and answer the questions. jJJ Example: Q '. »1«B $ &&f» XŘ (á ^X ^ á *&, -— r*^iáiŕu\/&tl\>1t ~* ^ti#l ( t, *rlVN-Cl\ 1. jMC — -hz^/K^^fr^ 3. felfU^^ Y*****/**^**1 5. trfŕlH (Bullet Train) — £* V"£>W & 6. X—^ii — i^VNV^t^i: 7. &®m&A — Ä^te/t-y^i*^ B. Looking back on your childhood, make sentences using the given cues, pfl Example: my next-door neighbor — tall & kind -* E$9AA& Vi*Sh"-u__________________izn^Ř-fo 2. jfcjTK___________________________(-ff* Ř trio 3. mpniz__________________i-~n^Ř-fo 4. fcfc tc* 0 ř-f- 5. :MM- £« Lfc, ® Z®aWE£0AtffiAU£Tfr Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. Example: A I wC^Mř-^^Aů^A^É-fsK B : ^A^íf0 1. Z<7)%$JĚ.l-%p^úiffi^^ŘÍ~t>>o 2. ZCDŠVfglZ______________AäM^Av^ "f ú\ (nationality) A. Answer the following questions. 1. ťZlz&A,X-^ž-ft\ 2. m§LX^ŘÍ~frc 4. H^íOftž^oo-rvNá-t^^o 5. B*»Otóttf?||ttt^Ít*'/o^t^lt#,i B. Class Activity—Show a picture of your family to the class and describe it. © ►Äfs-xaa \ Parts of the Body ypif(^) &ň£(m) $*&(M **Ä(») Ä*(^) < fe(n) **(*) *LUU mim< fr •£<__________ Family I. Someone II. Own Family Else's Family A: Formal Situation B: Informal Situation Father *> * - /^ ■■t. B % * >L Mother »j£S& J £-*sx Older brother fcJL^ & &JL3& Older sister **Ä*A Ä íi ŕ. Younger brother f S Á, Younger sister ■£- v St Husband r±A £AA '(See below.) Wife *-/t fU*]/# *(See below.) Grandfather BlTtidA ax *si;v^ Grandmother ku&sa. ** &üf&$/v Child lä-fZA it>f)f 'Depending on each person, several words are used for spouses, e.g., for husband, Ť£&t£, ň %&A, and for wife. *#, 7-f 7, ä*Ä$ /v. and so on. * * * A :S^$/v^&5£í/víáf^T--f^o flaue o/fiř i your father, Mr. Tanaka? B ' Lformal] X.íáAH~^"C"ř0 My father is 50 years old. Linformal] ÜX 5 4 iU+ttf0 Where čfočs vow o/ifer brother live, Mr. Tanaka? B : Lformal] ftttJlLftK&X/?*^?« My older brother lives in Tokyo. Linformall tiJl^ As\±fKM\-&A,X*\^t'Ť0 Note that you can use fcJL'Ž /v and Í3íP 5 & when you talk to your older brothers and sisters. The younger brothers and sisters are called by their names. Younger brother: fcfL^Aso Hi, Big Brother. Older brother: fö ? fc $ 5 o What is it, Taro? v.: