2. j
a) Inschrift, die zum stehenden Urnanse gehört (entspricht etwa dem oberen Register):
.4.
1 ur-"nanse
2 lugal-lagaš
3 dumu-gu-NI.DU
4 dumu-gur-sar
5 é-^nin-gír-su
6 m u - d O
7 abzu-bán-da
8 m u - d ú
9 é-^nanše 10 m u - d u
Urnanse, der König von Lagas, der Sohn des Gu-NI.DU, des Einwohners von Gursar (1), hat den Tempel des Ningirsu gebaut. Das Abzubanda hat er gebaut. Den Tempel der Nanse hat er gebaut.
19		
		
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u		
		Tri-»
c 23	d	P
M		
IS		
		
t 2-7		
		
		
30		
l II	HH«2>>	
3Z		
' 33		
3«	&=	
/£> 3J		
K	&=	
Hr-fonse, L.brivine (totseTH-) 2-tyj twbcpr Hrtíu>) 3. Tra /7s UUnhfin in>l
c) Inschrift, die zum sitzenden Urnanse gehört '.entspricht dem unteren Register):
1 ur- nanse
2 lugal-
3 lagaš
4 má-dilmun
5 k u r - t a 6gú-giš mu-gál
Urnanse, der König von Lagas,
hat Dilmun-Schiffe (5) aus dem Fremdland Holzlasten bringen lassen.
b) Beischriften im oberen Register: i Person hinter Urnanse (als Mindschenk): (2)
t a - n i - t a i i Personen vor Urnónše
1 AB-da(?)   / dumu
2 a-kur-gal   / dumu
3 lugal-ezen   / dumu
4 á-ni-kur-ra /dumu
Anita;
AB-da(?), / Tochter; (3) 3 Akurgal, / Sohn; t Luga lezen, / Sohn; C Anikurra, / Sohn; ť{
5 mu - k u r - MU í - t a   /   dumu    Hukur-MŮŠ-ta, (4) / Sohn.
d) Beischriften im unteren Register: i Personen hinter Urnanse (als Mundschenk):
1 sag-dingir-tuku i i Personen vor Urnanse:
1 ' ba 1 - 1 u 1   /<mu š>-
1 a h j- <g a1>
2 a-nun-pä   / dumu
3 m e n - u
I 3
/ dumu
4 ad-da-TUR   / dumu
Sagdingirtuku ; (4)
Balul, / <Oberschlangen>beschwörer; (7)
Anunpa, / Sohn; ? Menusu, / Sohn; Ď Adda-TUR, / Sohn. /O
Y'tnri Püttes frsm Hhrfijeh
Kkififtl.iiH Tctoflc
CT 2
Box 3.1   Tlie Sumerian King List
Among the later Mesopotamian texts that deal with the Early Dynastic period, the Sumerian King List is perhaps the most important. The text is known only from .C^jtjts dating to the first centuries of the second millennium, almost 700 years after theEarly~Tby^^c Deriod. It depicts a world in which kingship "descended from heaven" and was passecTon rium cm to city .vfrojc-rocaf dynasties held temporary hegemony over the entire region. Chronologically, the text addresses the period from the moment kingship first appeared, before the flood, to the dynasty of Isin (ca. 1900). In the segment that covers the Early Dynastic period, the city-states mentioned are primarily located in Babylonia, giving special prominence to the cities Ur, Uruk, and Kish. Also included are three non-Babylonian cities, Awan in the east, Hamazi in the north, and Mari in the west. It has been determined that some of the kings listed consecutively ruled concurrently. The text enumerates them sequentially because the main ideological elements expressed in this text are that there is only one divinely legitimized ruler at a time, and that hegemonic kingship circulated among a restricted number of cities. Incorporated in it were dynastic lists of kings from different cities and the number of years they ruled. The accuracy of the later parts can be checked against information from dated economic documents. The earlier parts of the Sumerian King List are legendary, however, assigning impossibly long reigns of 3,600 years, for instance, to mythological figures such as Dumuzi, who was known as the husband of the goddess Inanna and was probably purely fictional. In its final version, it was used by the kings of the Isin dynasty to legitimize their claim to supreme power in Babylonia, even though they did not politically control the entire area covered by the King List.       . - i
_y-d.nicmji, A nutty_
ROYAJ- II/ôCUfTIONS
[ED II, earli&t)
(a)
Namens, am An-
ME-barage-si (ergänzend zu Enme(n)ba-ragesi).
ME-bära(g)-si ist die älteste bezeugte Schreibung für den Namen des 2.1. Herrschers der I. Dynastie von Kis (nach der Sum. Königsliste, vgl. RIA VI 82. und 128 s.v.). Zwei fragmentarische Inschriften von - ihm stellen die bisher ältesten historisch verifizierbaren Königsinschriften Mesopotamiens dar. Das genaue Datum (vor Ur-Nanse von I.agas) läßt sich noch nicht fest- | stellen.
D.O. Edzard, ZA 5» (1959, ., ;B u ft| ..j.yo und OIP 51 (1940) ,47 Nr.*.
Die altbab. Schreibung des EN.ME-bära-ge/ge4-si enthält fang ein nicht sicher deutbares Namenelement (Deutungsversuch Edzards, ZA 53, 15ff., z.T. überholt), das spätbab. und griech. als am-me-, aut:, teils auch Eue tradiert ist (Th.Jacobsen, AS 11 [1939] 71 ff. Anm.t8ff.).
Zum Vorkommen des E. in der literarischen Tradition außerhalb der Sum. Königsliste vgl. A.Shaffer, JAOS 103 (1983) }i»f. (zur „Tummal-Inschrift" s.a. RIA VI 85f.). Besonderes Interesse verlangt Z. 1 39 (Zählung nach Edzard) von „Gilgames und Hu-wawa" (Shaffer, ebd. 309 f.; vgl. RIA VII 40 n); hiernach bestand cineder Listen des Gilgames hei der Überrumpelung des Huwawa darin, daß er (G.) vorgab, dem H. seine „ältere Schwester" (nin,-gal) E. als Ehefrau (nam-dam-se) zuzuführen. Shaffer (ibid. 3izf.) diskutiert die Frage, ob Gilgames „ältere Schwester" E. identisch mit dem „König" von Kis E. und ob „dieser" vielmehr eine Frau gewesen sei. Es ist aber auch denkbar, daß C^am^eTjiei der gewußten -und witzigen - Täitfcfiung des Huwawa das Geschlecht des E. verändert hat
~>'      -v. D.O. Eduard
ff"* ** l"i,r',tS' r<,y,31 '"options: two stone bowl sherds bearing the name of (F.n-)Mebaragesi: (a) excavated by the Chicago expedition at Khafajah; (b) purchased on the antiquities market, but probably also Iron, Khafajah. (b) Reads: -Me-harage-s,, Kmg of Kish/ [.) Kh.lll.35, after Jacobsen m Delougaz „40, ,47; (b) IM ,0590. Fdzard 1959.      ftitftfc «jl
There are- uiSLfiphens »1 olhw&irlj kings (claUlh only on ihe-fosu */ x>*\ct>frzjky) j,^
as m HOWiM Kin^Lst, the. TummaImcriptm, finl the £j»c *tfv*ak W Akh.) £nmc}gmm Jtfot&l asJ ms the. prrdUiUu of [&j>2iitjknife sb Nij>j>nr. tie, hhbstA Afcb, nJtftikJ fa dtfiMtth, after uhek hibiml kmgmp *hH frvm Ku to Uruk.
NON-WAL INSLKimotíS
Uruk
3200
Early Dynastic I II
2900 2600
Akkad     Ur III    Old Babylonian
iii
2300
2000
1700 BC
Administration
Lexical lists
Legal documents:
Land sale: stone Land sale: clay House sale Slave sale Loan texts Court records 'Lawcodes*
Business records
Letters
Royal inscriptions Literary texts Sealed Tablets _
S 3        Z if 1
Text-fig. 37. $eal of Gudea of Lagash.
W3Crij>ti»n:
^ Nine's-Zi-di Min^ir- ra-ni
ensi
nam-ti-h-ni-ie
Abb. I. Stcatitbcchcr mit Weihinschrift, des Gudea von Lag&A, AO 190. Zeichnung N. Wrede nach E. de Sarzec/L. Heuzey, Découvertce cn Chaldče, Tar. 44,2. irjiui-Hilnmcr. Zř\f-t.1-
Text-fig. 33. Design on a vase dedicated by Gudea of Lagash to Ningiszida.
tränket, CylmJer
3    z        si r Text-fig. 38. Seal of Urdun.
Uu.vrtZT.tlc
AM ffinief B.i f 1.1.1
1
ur-dk>n
ihl ^hin-fir-su.
«Sil» Vm-^V-i*-*» //// (Hippum) a type if pnrific*titn p
inscription
nesl
iftl
ScU b:AO*22312 * 3
(Phocogr»phies Musée du Louvre) Anití- UlflHi , $M£A Sí>,lfl, ft-
fry ne, RltlE ill (i.z.IďXz)
*W«s)ca fM.TÚfr) 'ch'iej micr* (súkfi-mah)tUnlil.
ihi /»«tmwUfit tl& rfÜe Pi*iltot>,si hunt Ml HiffMt, Tillr* *' iMwérwn prnimncm'iin of bier ^W»%»C the cenlnl cult 'fitvof Hrd 9nÁ 'e*rh Hud mil "
.sii/cJbi-ma/i
niia -Jca/a$-£»
ur- ^rtani^al (nsi ml>rn *'
Mm* (ufil-enfjr-ty Cnn .
n'il>ru.k,'k*-kcH 9 nju-ni-ru'
čuJcq. 6 la tu es Z
1-6) Qudca, niler oř Lagaš, who buill the Eninnu of Ningirsu.
i 1-6) Ningišzida is the (personul) god of Gudea, ruler oť Lagaš. who buill the Eanna.
i 1-4) For Ninhursanga, the lady who has grown in one with the City, mother of all the children, his lady,
i 5-9) Gudea, ruler of Lagal, built her House of the City of Girsu.
ii 1-3) For Inanna. lady of all the land's, his lady:
ii 4-10) Gudea who has a "treasured" name, ruler of Lagaš. who built Ningirsu's Eninnu —
ii 1-3) He made for her her shining treasure box(?), he made for her her lofty seat befitting (her) as a queen, and he had them brought to her into her Huge House.
ii 6) From the mountain of Magan
iii 1-3) he brought down diorite, and he fashioned it into a statue of himself.
iii 4-7) "The lady who makes firm decisions for heaven and earth, Nintu, mother of the gods, let Gudea,
iv Mi who built the House, have a long life — (this is how) he named (the statue) for her sake, and he brought it to her into (her) house.
ii 11-13) when Inanna hud directed upon him her eyes of life.
ii 14-19) (then) did Gudea, ruler of Lagas. who is very intelligent indeed and who is a slave beloved by his mistress,
ii 20-23) draw a design in the shed of the brick-mould. At the clay pit he made it glitter on (Ningirsu's) banner.
iii 1-5) The clay (for the bricks) he mixed at an absolutely pure siie. and the bricks he formed at a clean pluce.
iii 6-7) He cleansed the foundation pit, made (purifying) fire go over it.
iii 8-10) He smeared lhe foundation deposits with scented oil.
iii 11-13) (Thus) he built for her her beloved house Eanna in the midst of Girsu.
iii 14-17) He brought down diorite from the mountain of Magan and fashioned it into a statue of himself.
iii 18-19) "Lei Gudea. the builder of the house.
iv 1-4) have a long life" — (this is how) he named (the statue) for her sake, and he brought it to her into the Eanna.
iv 5-9) He who removes (the statue) from Eanna: who takes it off its socle: rubs off the inscription (hereon.
iv 10-12) let Inanna. lady of all the lands, curse his very person in the assembly.
iv 13-17) May she not secure the foundations of the throne erected for him: may his seed come to an end and his rule [be cut shon).
Tr*n* tdcraiit van ^u-Äca. štslnc £, met
340
5 341
<r  346 -» Vto//S<n
4?— Ht
Texts.-
I. Sources A, B, and G.
A e AN-gin,™ B e AN-gin7 G e [
A e dub-sen-gin7 B e dub-sen-gin7 G e dub-s[en
A e uz-gin7 B e uz-gin7 G e uz-gin7
uru4 ki-gar-ra uru4 gar-ra
gada mu-un-dul gada m u-un-dul
ki-gal-la gub-ba ki-gal-la gub-ba rki-gal-la] gub-ba
Tk *ourus ore a)\ fulh&hccl /»: C.l.tpM, Urfycjr&iw Tetts Yl/i [lUi] (sUETVl/i) A= (JET Yl/i 3*0 VET Yl/2 3VI VET Vl/l *W
sll 5Mcch arc frem the Otil folyhrion Perio/I.
A igi-nu-gal B igi-nu-bad
ba-an-ku ba-an-ku,
G igi-nu-bad ba-an-ku
A igi i-gal B igi-bad G igi-bad
A
B ki-biir-bi G ki-biir-bi
ba-an-ta-e ba-an-ta-e ib-ta-e
e-dub-ba-am
e-dub-ba-a
e-dub-ba-am
'A house based on a foundation like the skies,
A house one has covered with a veil like a (secret), tablet box,
A house set on a base like a 'goose',
One enters it blind,
Leaves it seeing.
Answer: the School'.
The two last lines, referring to the results of education, are transparent, but the first three -all ache* literary passages- remain ambiguous and obscure. The word dub-sen 'chest', mentioned in line ut>nt*ins on the one hand the syllable dub which is the second syllable of the solution (e-dub-ba-a), vi4ith * designation for a depository of secret tablets on the other. Together with the three times repeated ifiibi9/evt may be considered as a verbal clue.
InniliUniipn an A trsmlst'i^n from:
M. Civil, $HM<fion MUJIet: <? C$iju%, Aula Orient* Li S[>ttf] >?-3?
No. 1
1 H 112A.   Area A, X 1111.75 Y 1148.48, just under the surface in the fourth course of bricks from the bottom of Level'l platform. Length 21.4, width 14, thickness 9.5  Foundation stone of Enannatum I for the Ibgal of Inanna, duplicate of Sollberger, Corpus, En. I 22, with the lacunae now filled. Parts of several signs in the copy have been restored from duplicates. The text is translated by E. Sollberger in E. Sollberger and J.-R Küpper, Inscriptions royales sumeriennes et akkadiennes (Paris, 1971), p. 64.
Note that in a number of instances the engraver seems to have taken advantage of the vertical column rulings to supply some of the final vertical wedges in the signs.
frwri: k.b.B)m,lri$cmh6fit from hl-tilh-bfosh
The first 3nc) kcon^l &Mons [lift]
	3?
	
	
"Inanna
nin.kur.kur.ra
En.an.na.tiim
ensi,
LagaSa1"
sa.pad.da
"Nanse
ensi,.gal
"Nin.glr.su.ka
mu.du,„ sa4.a
"Inanna
dumu tu.da
For Inanna, goddess of all the lands, Enannatum, the governor of Lagash,
the one who was chosen in the heart of (the goddess) Nanshe, the great governor for (the god) Ningirsu, the one given a good name by Inanna, the son begotten by (the god) Lugal-...,
the son of Akurgal, the governor of Lagash, the beloved
"Lugal.URU x KÄRu.ka brother of Eannatum, the governor
dumu A.kur.gal ensii
Lagaäa'^.ka.ke, ses ki.äga E.an.na.tdm ensij
Lagasaki.ka.ke< "Inanna.ra ib.gal mu.na.du E.an.na
kur.kur.ra mu.na.diri
of Lagash—for Inanna he constructed the temple oval (Ibgal); for her he made (the temple precinct) Eanna better (than any other) in all the lands; he furnished it with gold and silver; he put (this) in place so that his god, Shul-utula, might pray forever to Inanna in the Ibgal for the well-being of Enannatum, the one with whom Inanna communicates, the governor of Lagash. The governor who keeps it permanently in good condition will be my friend.
Forints (with wlhtttel
hitk'tht shna [mum-
°f ihc temple.
NtUih snail hrns [+hc Unrnrih(n tfthi Ukr himt crvm J. Mwifofi«-
3wi(ill)5It uncirfcif), ef. ton bnd TADS fohpshijriehtmvpMjHf
guSkin ku.babbar.ra äu mu.na.ni.tag mu.ni.gub En.an.na.tiim M.inim.ma si.ga " Inanna. ka dingir.ra.ni "Sul.utula nam.ti
En.an.na.tiim ensi3
Lagasa1". ka.se u4 ul.la.se "Inanna.ra ib.gal.la
sub, (KA x SU) he.na.se.gal u4.ul pa.e.a ensi2.bi ku.li.mu he^
serving n TMtrt imirrUnfc ffit [I*l r yeunf man^n iht