96) ►SB.-ssa f »5» | L E S S 0 Wi§ Jft'TT A Tr'p t0 Okinawa r t£t> Oct zl 15 Dialogue fru ft Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa. * 'J It & & J* 4 L J: r 6 a/n'-h : -^--7^ >*^^-C-f„ "ill 9 o/«- h : ^^-C-tio IJ At the post office. 4 <>£5w0 3t5H« 'It pp sea postal stamps ticket surfing homework food birthday test weather drink postcard bus airplane room I (used by men) holiday; day off; absence travel new hot (weather) hot (objects) busy (people/days) large interesting frightening cold (weather—not used for objects) fun small boring old (thing—not used for people) difficult SH5SM /^-adjectives * JMfc*»(tt) Li***(fc) »*• /n>-9-A(&) (/-verbs » HX t * <* * f»S R u - v e r b Adverbs and Other easy (problem); kind (person) inexpensive; cheap (thing) disgusted with; to dislike beautiful; clean healthy; energetic quiet fond of; to like (—AJ) to hate very fond of; to love lively handsome not busy; to have a lot of free time to swim to ask (person l~) to ride; to board (~t-) to do; to perform (~ £) to go out Expressions together and then It's okay.; Not to worry.; Everything is under control, very what kind of . . . [counter for flat objects] to (a place); as far as (a place); till (a time) * Words that appear in the dialogue 3fc Grammar Adjectives There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. One type is called "^-adjectives," and the other type " &-adjectives." v> and 4' are their last syllables when they modify nouns. << ''-adjectives: ji t> L ~h V ^Ife® aw interesting movie 3 i:5£;J^£'Jl •) J'L^Co / tooA « beautiful picture in Kyoto. Jt%t£$t%- an energetic teacher JjT^.iiiTt^^^i'C'fo Professor Yamashita is an energetic teacher. Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense (present and past), polarity (affirmative and negative), and so forth, just as verbs do. The two types of adjectives follow different conjugation patterns. U-adjectives <■ ^-adjectives change shape as follows. You will want to be very careful here, because the pattern is rather complicated. affirmative negative present // is interesting. It is not interesting. past £=&U3<£Di:-riA/r"Lfc It was interesting. It was not interesting. 3I5SM It is interesting (and confusing) that the idea of past tense is encoded differently in the affirmative and the negative polarities: (Btl^it'^f: "C"t" is "past+affirmative," while (JS t L^>) < h 0 |jg7v -CLfe is " negative+past.'" Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly regularly. The only irregularity worth noticing at this stage is the behavior of the adjective v ■><,■> (good). The first syllable of is changed to X in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affirmative form.2 l\U (irregular) affirmative negative present past ^-adjectives The conjugation pattern of ^-adjectives is much more straightforward. It actually is exactly the same as the conjugation table of X"~f~ which follows a noun, as discussed in Lesson 4.3 affirmative negative present She is healthy. ah s- She is not healthy. past She was healthy. H7u a- She was not healthy. The final syllable fX is dropped in these long forms of &-adjectives. 'Some speakers follow a more regular conjugation, where X'~1~ is inert in both polarities. For these speakers, the chart looks like the following: affimative negative present ~v:vf"t ~ and X ^"C-f, but they are much less frequently used than V»v> and vn^ i". 3 As with V ^-adjectives, some speakers prefer an alternative paradigm, such as the following: affirmative negative present ~t't ~Vv fcv*-C"f past ~-C-L/i ~U + C-«>oft"C™f #5(fc)/i*e>U(fc) t In this lesson, we learn two £-adjectives that are very important from the grammatical point of view. They are *f J (&) (to be fond of; to like), and J feWft) (to be disgusted with; to dislike). The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms: a person to like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other hand that is liked or disliked. In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the particles 12 and ¥, respectively/ S6U X < likes dislikes n/<— h $ A/(i H CO 9 7 X J "f-to tfofierr /t'fe Az's Japanese classes. JjT7fc:£.ti,#,#i'^ b^N"C"fo Professor Yamashita dislikes fish. The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person. You may want to be cautious using these words in reference to your preference for a specific person, however, because *f J ~C~f is usually taken to be an admission of one's romantic interest. Let us note three more things about *f $ (tt) and J h *■11 (&) before we go on. One, if you + like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of if^X"t and J b^-C"f, namely, J "Ci" and fev^Ci". These forms are more common than the combinations of *f J ( ft) and S v* ( 4") and the degree modifier t £ "C i , to which we will turn shortly. Two, when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say: if $ "C i ^ h * "C & h 0 4 -fr (Co / neither like nor dislike (it). t Three, you can use *f J 4' and J h v ■> 4' as modifiers of nouns. For example, you can say ■t things like: "In contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle li is used instead of *'*. Thus, &USf$W# S"C+*>". ^«3 / fife vegetables, but I don't like meat. 5In the expression of romantic or familial affection, the complex particle nztLb1 can replace ***. Thus, tz It 13 A, li* r 'J - s acq; ea'*?- j -c"f„ =yr')-j /u^j 5 ff, Takeshi is in love with Mary. 3I5PH © This is my favorite TV program. Degree Expressions If you want to say things like "very hot," and "a little hot," you can add "degree adverbs" like Ktti (very) and tioil (a little; slightly) before adjectives. aiA^mit x t $ti^x'iŕzc 77?e sea was very beautiful in Okinawa. This room is a little hot. Instead of having K X & added to them, *?M£) and J bW&) have their own inten- t sified forms, J (ft) (like very much) and bWft) (hate). its- + Takeshi likes coffee a lot. Ms. Kim hates natto (a Japanese fermented soybean delicacy). Take a long form of a verb and replace the ending with HiioriLnil' and you will get the Japanese expression for "let's . . .," which you can use to suggest a plan of action. Let's study in the library together. SA«// we is used when we describe people and is not used for places. When you want to say that Tokyo is busy, you should use Takeshi is busy. Tokyo is busy I lively. Note that the sentence below is also acceptable, since the subject "I" is omitted in the sentence. / am fa/s;y on Sunday. ■(g) «P H Practice A. Change the following adjectives into the affirmatives. @ Example: fcj&'V'* -» tzt>^^X'~f 1. ^-fVN 2. &ovn 3. $;t?V« 4. 5. 6. ^££»1^ 7. \.w 8. 11***$ 9. 10. Jftv^ u. via B. Change the following adjectives into the negatives. @ Example: f«1"V>. -» < 0 i A, 1. *t?V> 2. i»*v> 3. CJ?V* 4. fcfcbU> 5. L'-ft* 6. fevxJFV". 7. vn* 8. tfA,J£ 9. LT*'ft 10. 11. /n>+rAft C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences. Example: Z ^miii^^^X't. Ex. c m> hi-(1) (2) (3) (12) (13) PI Ť*h 0/ 2 V * 1 X 'SX I. x 3 X D. Answer the following questions. Example: Q : B^íO^fXlilIL^ťt^, i: ux, r ft* 1. ^SliVitti". 3. *«a*ž>v^-ct**0 5. B^W-ft^ii^^ Lv»-C-f*» 2. ftáLíi-f* l^X~fi\ E. Pair Work—Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner. Example: £*W>& 1. řJÍ> L^.v> 5. iS^ 2. VU-> 3. Zb^ 6. ^>+f-Aft 7. 4. řsvNL^ 8. VÍÍC SB 5 PM F. Pair Work—Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives, and tell your partner. Example: f X Hi*L U 1 1*^ ^JL^tt. 1. frti 4. íAíOŽP^ii 2. fAíOBJiá 5. jMUá 3. #.CD£ & 0 OXJi fcfcl Ire 6. /n7 4 a A. Change the following adjectives into the past affirmatives. @ Example: /:*Hx -* tzfrfr-otzX'-f 1. ^i-v-> 2. 3. 5^ 4. fc&L^ 5. "^ibfr^ 0. v\*a*Lv^ 7. v%t> 8. IT*>£ 9. 10. JHv^j: 11. lAii* B. Change the following adjectives into the past negatives. @ Example: -+ ^tU^^tLf: 1. fc**v^ 2. fc«Li.> 3. ^-SLv* 4. oHi'^ 5. fcfcjv^ 6. n 7. U***LV» 8. l:j,Jf*'i 9. LT**i 10. £*tv£ 11. i/ii C. This is what Robert wrote down about the trip to Okinawa. Look at the memo and make sentences. @ Ex. Okinawa—hot 1. food—not expensive 2. food—delicious 3. hotel—not big 4. hotel—new 5. restaurant—not quiet 6. sea—beautiful 7. surfing—interesting Example: D. Pair Work—Use the chart below and practice a dialogue with your partner, substituting the underlined parts. A and B are talking about A's vacation. Example: A is Robert. -» A : K'ftm-fti- $ Itzo B : i i tth X'Ltzfr Ex. Robert went to Okinawa very hot (1) Mary saw a movie scary (2) Takeshi stayed home (i very boring (3) Sue went to a party not fun (4) Mr. Yamashita went to flea market (7 ') — ~? — *T "J h) not cheap Look at the pictures and make comments on them. @ Example: "tit ~"* tit- t i»" Ex. (l) (2) fkh' (3) ItJ Li>0 Aw 1. Foods: meat/ io^l (fermented beans)/ice cream (T-f X7 'J — A) 2. Sports: aerobics (x7ot7x)/skiing )/skating (X^-h) 3. Music: hard rock K a ■•/ 7)/jazz (v + X*) /classical music (77-/77) 4. School Work: test/Japanese class/homework 5. Drinks: sake/green tea/coffee * If you neither like it nor dislike it, you can use ^Jt'tH^tiili -tt-X,„ B. Answer the following questions. 1. aix*-'y«jtt^ t 2. ^/.i^fti-'fJtt*'. ft ti« + 3. ifX &tfc&#***J J "C-f 5. ^Xit*WM*t*"o A. Change the following into SUI^^L^ttJ:„ 6. *Lfc(i:rX f-0 i-r^a0 0 B. Class Activity—Show and tell Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, what you did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the trip. Example questions: tfvUftSi Life**. C. Role Play—Using Dialogue I as a model, buy some stamps and postcards. ® £^x$%**•) iLfc. 1*«*, fc«v*Li-f. ri&ftt Tha?ik you. th 9 T £r¥vv| !,/=„ Thank you very much. Useful Vocabulary %t $ *f I-reprint -development -glossy finish -mat finish 7 v-panoramic %. 9 A F-slide "/'J > h-print a*— ; i ft ( f±_t*** 0 L * 24ft* 0 ftV#"C*^7- OA- -f date/time something is ready "7 -i 111* — -24-print roll "tjfe- -disposable camera ? I J #X. #■- -negative film - battery -receipt