132,) ►sB&fca* 7 If | L E S S 0 W]%(D^-M Fami|yPicture N 0 0 2 X - 3 Atf. 4 X " 5 6 X - 7 8 Afe. 9 10 X 11 12 13 A 14 15 X ' IS D a I o g u e Sue is showing a picture of her family to her roommate, Michiko. -ntix-e5/u^*^«^A-c-r*% X-^/vli^tL-C-f^'o *j>f2$S4|l-tv^1-o BsHHt f«i lit 6 o/<— h : / At,;: © IIJ A phone rings in Sue and Michiko's room. Michiko: [s this your family picture. Sue? Sue: Yes. Michiko: Which is you? Sue: This. I was wearing glassses when I was in high school. Michiko: You are cute. Sue: This is my father. He works for an American company. Michiko: He is tall and handsome. Is this your elder sister? Sue: Yes. My sister is married. She lives in Seoul now. She has one child. He is three years old. Michiko: I see. Oh, there is a cat. But he is a little fat. Sue: Yes, because he eats a lot. Robert: Michiko, what are you riding now? Michiko: I'm not doing anything especially. I am looking at Sue's pictures. Robert: I see. I have an interesting video, so if you like, would you like to come to see it? Michiko: That sounds good. Is it all right if Sue comes with me? Robert: Of course. Michiko: We'll come right now. Nouns 7 \ Ť tz tit: i z < U < L i < £*Ť Ty + 7 rt— a b 4-* a a mm LA - adjectives pp u I (my) older sister apartment younger sister song younger brother man older brother older sister woman company family hair brothers and sisters country; place of origin car convenience store cafeteria; dining commons (my) father T-shirt eye glasses bright; smart; clever (conjugates like v->v>) great-looking (conjugates like V>*V>) cute tall short (stature) long fast short (length) * Words that appear in the dialogue A-adjectives (/-verbs 1 tz 1 It * -ft? li< * i. t 5 J. t o X1} i -f R u - v e r b s feli-lř/l kind convenient to sing to put on (a hat) to get to know I know I do not know to live (~l:tA,T*^3=-t) to put on (items below your waist) to gain weight to be on the heavy side to put on (glasses) 3 £ to put on (clothes your waist) to work for to lose weight ^-ČX^Íi- to be thin Irregular V e r b * It o to get married (~ Adverbs an d Other Expressions *•* but * + negative not . . . anything [counter for people] * uz n -A one person „l.tz 0 —A two people * ^oíc + negative not ... in particular of course * ífritzh if you like £ /£ Grammar A verbal "fe-form," when followed by the helping verb ^ 5, means either of the following:' (a) an action in progress, or (b) a past event that is connected with the present. Which of these two senses a given verb is used in is to a large extent determined by the semantic characteristics of the verb. The verbs we have learned so far can be roughly divided into three groups based on their semantics. ■ (1) verbs that describe continuous states (2) verbs that describe activities that last for some time (3) verbs that describe changes that are more or less instantaneous We have not seen many Group 1 verbs. So far we only have <£> 5 and The fe-forms of these verbs are never used together with the helping verb v»5, so we will have nothing to say about them in this section. Many verbs belong to Group 2. They include verbs such as It^S, Ht>, and When the /e-form of a verb in this group is followed by the helping verb » 5, we have a sentence describing an action in progress. ■ X — 5 ^ (iL X v 5 £ -f o Sue is studying right now. Takeshi is reading a book in English. You can also use a ~ X v»£ ~f sentence to describe what a person does by occupation. The first example below therefore has two interpretations: one, you are teaching English right at this moment; and two, you are an English language teacher (but are not necessarily in class right now). 'The distinction between and h £ that we learned in Lesson 4 does not apply to this helping verb ~"Cv*5: you can use ~X.\\i both for living things and for inanimate objects. 17SM ( ^i^mk^x^t-t. i>rx i« - / teach English. 11 din teaching English (right now). sT'i-iAsizaf-mzfamix^ito Mary studies Japanese. I Mary is studying Japanese (right now). Verbs in Group 3 describe changes from one state to another. If you get married, or ■f 5, for example, your status changes from being single to being married. With these verbs, X *• "> i indicates a past occurrence of a change which has retained its significance until the present moment. In other words, XAvt describes the result of a change? JJT?c±(Zm%lX^Ato Professor Yamashita is married. Michiko is seated near the window. Here are some more examples of verbs that are commonly used in the ~"Cv>S framework. fe5 ^5 (has) £n o X V "> 5 l (knows) (is overweight) (is thin) Sue has a lot of money. Professor Yamashita knows English. Tom is a little overweight. ftf)&JZ £X i^-tX^ito My younger brother is very thin. Among the verbs we have learned so far, verbs such as J 5, if <, W S, Jfc o, h A' 3, tU*■ It 5, *h, **, ;T|-f. **tS, »9 S, l*1) 5, »ot < 3, igjl* < i.'kHtiti, **» <***. *« belong to Group 3. In most cases you can determine whether a verb belongs to Group 2 or 3 by checking if the verb allows for a phrase describing duration, such as — "tin. Compare, for example, O li J i — ^& SftA i L f;0 / /•cw/ « /»r an /(««/• yesterday. x (i—^M»tl: j L'fc. (Ungrammatical, much as the English translation "I died for an hour" which is also odd.) StV thus belongs to Group 2, and Sfi to Group 3. 3In Lesson 9, we will observe that this result of a change reading is actually not restricted to verbs in Group 3, but can be associated with those in Group 2 in certain contexts. "Note that the sentence does not mean Professor Yamashita is getting married. ® #5 at? ^ (wears) (is awake) (lives in) (works for) Marv wearing/ wears a T-shirt. Z)arf is «p awrf awake. Mv father and mother live in Tokyo. Aft u 11^ j4-i>1<- ok My o/efer sister works For a Japanese company. Note that verbs like c a/vVh— noun + "Cf: -> Air 1(0 77ie foorf «/ restaurant is inexpensive and delicious. tře rRTT— 77z#í person is ahvays energetic ajicL fun to be with. L -tt-tt1^ * "TTTíXTX i /í,L''9-3 5 v i . ■ Professor Yamashita is a Japanese and he is about forty years old. verb stem + (Irj< If a person moves to another place in order to do something, we can describe their movement and its purpose this way: destination of movement *" 1 [the purpose of movement] \Z ] fs>-----,< _ The purpose of movement can either be a noun like K^f^ (shopping), or a phrase consisting of a verb, its object, and so forth. Verbs describing the purpose of a movement must be in their stem forms. Stems, as we learned in Lesson 3, are the part you get by removing £ 1" from the verbs' present tense long forms. stems: -> -f£(#:T) etc. sou / went to a department store to buy a bag. XT') -[Hfej§£;fe%r0l:*iLfc Mary has come to Japan to study Japanese. Counting People The "counter" for people is A, but "one person" and "two people" are irregular: —A and ~A. nm* IrZ 0 (—A) s^ísä, ( = a) (esa) :'i:/v (äa) one person two people three people four people five people six people L %> l~h*/1£ &' l-A; (-fcA) seven people Ji f-(y^A) eight people J r)> 3 izA/ (AA) nine people t_T kj> -7 { —(-f-A) ten people To count people in a class, for example, you can A1, and say: HAv^-f^ add ~A after the noun and the particle person ff X A CA/ There is one Swedish student in our class. The place expressions are often followed by instead of K in this type of sentence. «5; j—s Expression Notes 1 21/3*means "to play," "to spend time pleasantly," or "to pay a social call." ttA,L»$ Lo-Jjra ** l> Iis«%fciStřKJríť < tš Note that "to play" as used below requires different words. Sports: to play tennis to play basketball >*Xír -y h é "f ž Games: to play video games TVťf-ÁíJJ to play cards h^> Music instruments: to play the guitar $#< When I was a child, I often played with friends. You nmst not play around until late. / went to Tokyo to have fun last weekend. Please come and see us. J ftAi Geo Practice A. Look at the pictures below and answer the questions. @ Example: Q : * T <)/^{i-f^T£ L "fi\ Ex. ,\ * (10) II B. Pair Work—What were you doing at the following times yesterday? Be as specific as possible (where, with whom, and so on). Example: 2 p.m. 1. 6 a.m. 5. 6 p.m. 2. 8 a.m. 6. 8 p.m. 3. 10 a.m. 7. 11 p.m. 4. 12:30 p.m. C. Class Activity—Let's play charades. The teacher gives a sentence card to each student. One of the students mimes the sentence. All other students guess what the person is doing and raise their hands when they recognize the action. The person that gets the most points is the winner. Example: EB+ 5 /Ui^K'^v n"Cv ^ -f0 A. This is Sue's family. Answer the following questions. @ Example: Q : A,li if Z ,K&£"6-J>i \i>\ la* j 7. fiJC^/viiH^-C-r^'o 6i ttl: tart*:-: it-a 8. 9. fc5C^tiB*?)-£*£{:ifrtf>-t^i1-a» Father lives in N.Y. works for an American company 48 years old Mother high school teacher 45 years old Sister lives in Seoul works for a bank; married 27 years old Brother lives in London student; not married 18 years old B. Pair Work—Ask about your partner's family and fill in the blanks below. t #5 A) ^i\im-&m&jp-&zi^~§' (Describing People) Look at the picture and answer the questions. @ Example: Q ! Affl $/Ui^-tr-Cv^ 1"*% A : (ivv d,m$ A, iz-ntx 1. 9. AfflHIiiiJ^^tth io. ^ii^/Uia^ej^-t"-^,, B. Look at the picture below and describe each person Example: ^liUUH-i^t^it0 #"1 ET C. Class Activity—One student describes another student without mentioning the name. The rest of the class guesses who the student is. Example: (ff) A. Make sentences using two adjectives, (jitl Example: — *f L v £ *IA % & -* 2. &t,z e5^ — ^ftv^/^s 5. ##1$. (Bullet Train) — ii^/'iS^'J & 6. X— — 3H*fv n 7. #> «D /I/ - A / - h- (roommate) li%LV) X' & & I h v > X'to 1. my hometown 3. my Japanese class 5. Japanese people 2. my country 4. one of my family members fi. people of my country JLU » di H A. Sue is going to the following places to do the things below. Make sentences like the example. @ Example: — (Kabuki) £A2> 1. LL — r-rSKK 2. 3. *» — 4ri^jt<2 4. — WfJIi 5. — ^*S»5 6. 7. BJ h t 8. •f— h — t*-{:_UffJi-to 2. jfc.5}CtC_ 3. m»gt(- t: Li*-A, KW-1 It. 5. A^C Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. Example: A : ^ ««P-t <9A£*HAv^-f*«0 B : ^Av !7S^ 147 (nationality) 3. c9>MwKrir**ifevvA*4rxv%t-t*»„ S <* *-A fejK tAK frjtOA A. Answer the following questions. 1. trzr-i£A,X~^i-ft\ t 3. S*g*/*£»o-C^i-t*>. 4. B^mkZ&^X^ K 11«. i ft L v. .. . ..<* *'.— 5. a^f#«ft£ti^aH&&t^2't#>/(i^'t^i-t*' 6. JL5M^4-f*\ WAv^-f^, B. Class Activity—Show a picture of your family to the class and describe it. P a r t s oft he__Body Family I. Someone II. Own Family Else's Family A: Formal Situation B: Informal Situation Father X Mother * Ii Ii Older brother Ä Al: Older sister Younger brother Younger sister Husband I m MA, *(See below.) Wife *(See below.) Grandfather Grandmother ■£ IJ Child tif sa 7 *>«9-f 'Depending on each person, several words are used for spouses, e.g., for husband, tzLfS., 1 and for wife, V-f 7, *>A3^, and so on. * * # a : mf*^<^&X5Asl±f!tkX'-f-t>\ How old is your father, Mr. Tanaka? b : [formal] JCJii+^f-f „ My father is 50 years old. [informal] 5 /vlii+^-C-fo a : s+$^fc^^(i^::{cf±A.-e^2i-A\, ft isit l:i> t WAere does your older brother live, Mr. Tanaka? b : I formal 1 ^(i*.3Ct-f±A,"t*V> J i*0 My older brother lives in Tokyo. [informal] fc.JL $ /v ti lR.JjC Ufi/i/tv ^ "to Note that you can use HJL 5 ^ and titff 3 /v when you talk to your older brothers and sisters. The younger brothers and sisters are called by their names. Younger brother: HJLi La Hi, Big Brother. Older brother: H ? tz 7, T „ Wfta* is it, Tarn?