Göbekli Tepe
•PPNA/PPNB site in southern Anatolia
•Large round structures with T-shaped pillars
•Pillars often have low relief carvings of wild animals, birds and reptiles
•Schmidt say these are the world’s first Temples.
•

300px-Smithsonian_map_gbekli_tepe Klaus's house
Klaus Schmidt’s house in Urfa


Gobekli reconstruction 300px-Gobtemple Gobekli-Klaus 220px-Gobekli 220px-Gobekli 220px-Gobekli
The world’s first temples?


Klaus Schmidt at Gobekli quarry
Klaus Schmidt at Gobekli quarry


Stone yard and stelae



Gobekli (Science 2008)



Gobekli quarry Gobekli circle wall Ian, Bernd, Charlie



Göbekli
•9 hectares, 15m depth of deposit
•3 layers, III-I, from PPNA-LPPBB
•Oldest dates 9100-8600 cal BC
•Magnetic survey reveals 20 enclosures
•Circles 10-30 m diameter
•Up to 12 pillars 3-7 m tall in outer circle
•Two taller pillars in center
•Largest pillar weighs 50 tons
•Intentionally buried 3-5 m deep (300-500 m3)
•

Gobekli landscape Gobekli quarry
Quarries for columns


Bedrock mortars
Bedrock mortars





Carvings
•Wild fauna: lions, bulls, fox, bear, onager, gazelle,cranes,ducks, snakes, quadrapeds
•Some human-like”arms”
•Some erotic incisions and carvings

Gobekli porn
Erotic carvings


Gobekli A1 Gobekli -Klaus, pillar (Science 2008)



Stone yard and stelae



Klaus in site Klaus showing site



Gobekli stelae



220px-Gobekli 220px-Gobeklitepe_nov08_2 Gobekli face



Gobekli pillar (Newsweek 2010)



Gobekli high-relief



Gobekli pillar 43



Gobekli lion bldg 220px-Gobeklitepe_nov08_4



Gobekli pillar A2 Gobekli pillar-2



Miscellaneous
•Plant remains include almond, pistachio, grain(einkorn heartland)
•Animal species include cattle, ass,gazelle, pig
•Lithics are mostly PPNB, but PPNA arrow types include Nemrik, el-Khiam, Aswad
•Obsidian is rare

Gobekli Byblos, Nemrik pts
Nemrik points -PPNA
Byblos points - PPNB

Gobekli Helwan pts Yeni Yol Street lithics
Gobekli Helwan points
Yeni Yol points

Karahan pillars Karahan pts



Other sites
•Karahan, 63 km east of Urfa
•266 in situ pillars recorded
•Site covers 32.5 hectares
•Hundreds of bedrock mortars
•Yeni Yol, site discovered in Sanliurfa during construction of street
•Terazzo floor and statue
•Helwan points, but most PPNB

Karahan tepe
Karahan tepe with
T-shaped pillars
not yet excavated

Karahan pts Karahan pillars
Karahan pillar
and points

Karahan - using mortar
Using mortar to de-husk
grain

Yeni Yol site
Yeni Yol site in Sanliurfa


Yeni Yol Street lithics



Yeni Yol Street figure
Statue from Yeni Yol


Nevli Cori stelae
Storage of carved stones from Gobekli, at the Urfa Museum


Gobekli carved figure Gobekli incised snake Gobekli carvings
Gobekli carvings in Urfa Museum