Nouns and Verbs from CH §§ 1-25 (Corresponding to Exercises 3-8) Nouns: substantives (Exercises 3 and 4) paragraph form primary /derived; Sumerian loanword meaning spelling 1 awilum primary man, gentleman syllabic (LU2) něrtum nerum murder syllabic 2 kišpú kasdpum (acts of) sorcery syllabic nárum primary (divine) river dID2 bítum primary house E2 3 dlnum danum trial, court case syllabic slbum primary old man, witness syllabic šíbútum slbum testimony syllabic sártum, pl sarrátum sararum falsehood syllabic awátum awum word syllabic napištum napasum breath, life syllabic 4 se 'um{l) Sumerian loanword barley, grain SE kaspum primary silver KU3.BABBAR arnum primary guilt, penalty syllabic 5 dayyánum danum judge syllabic purussům parasum decision, verdict syllabic kunukkum kanakum seal, sealed document syllabic rugummům ragdmum claim syllabic pu/?rum paharum assembly syllabic kussům Sumerian loanword chair glsGU2.ZA dayyánútum dayyanum judgeship syllabic 6 namkúrum makarum property, possession NIG2.GUR„ ilum primary god DINGIR ekallum Sumerian loanword palace E2.GAL šurqum saraqum theft, stolen goods syllabic qátum primary hand syllabic (SU) 7 hurásum hardsum gold KU3.GI wardum primary servant, slave IR3 amtum primary servant/slave girl GEME2 alpum primary bull, ox GU4/GUD immerum primary sheep UDU iměrum primary donkey ANSE márum primary son DUMU riksum, pl. riksátum rakasum binding, contract syllabic massartum nasdrum watch, guard syllabic xmssarútum massartum safekeeping syllabic šarráqum saraqum thief syllabic šáhům Sumerian loanword Pig SAH eleppum primary(?) ship glsMA2 muškěnum sukenum dependent (of the palace) (archaic syllabic /wa5-qax(GAG): en) 9 /mlqum halaqum lost property syllabic nádinum nadanum giver, seller syllabic nádinánum nadinum (this specific) seller syllabic bělum belum lord, owner syllabic šáyimánum/šá 'imánum sdmum a purchaser syllabic 11 sarrum sararum criminal (person) syllabic 12 Sim turn šámum i fate, decree syllabic war/mm primary month ITI/ITU adánum/adannum primary fixed date syllabic 15 abullum Sumerian loanword (main city) gate KA2.GAL 16 šisítum šasům cry, proclamation syllabic nagirum nagárum herald syllabic 17 serum primary steppe, open country syllabic šiqlum šaqalum shekel GIN2 18 warkatum primary back(ground) syllabic 20 sábitánum sábitum (this specific) catcher syllabic níšum nášum/něšum life, oath syllabic 21 pilšum palašům breach syllabic 22 /mbtum habátum robbery, plunder syllabic 23 habbátum habátum plunderer, thief syllabic álum primary city URU rabiánum rabům great one, mayor syllabic ersetum primary earth syllabic 24 manům Sumerian loanword mina MA.NA 25 išátum primary fire syllabic mxw/mátum nawům movable goods syllabic ínum primary eye syllabic mimmům mimma+um possession syllabic Nouns: Adjectives and Participles paragraph form root derivational scheme meaning 1 můbbirum abárum muPaRRiS- accusing (one), accuser 9 Aalqum mudům halaqum idům PaR(i)S-(irregular participle G) lost, fugitive (one) knowing (one) < *mawdayum? 10 nádinum nadánum PaRiS- giving (one), seller 14 sehrum sehěrum PaR(i)S- small, little (one) 23 /zabtum habátum PaR(i)S- pludered, robbed (one) Strong Verbs (Exercise 5) 2 kašádum a/u to overwhelm tabálum a to take away salámům i to be/stay intact, healthy 5 parásum a/u to cut off, (with warkatum) to pass judgement nadánum i to give šaráqum i to steal mahárum a/u to receive 9 sabatům a to catch, to take šaqalum a/u to weigh qerěbum i, older a to be/come close šakánum a/u to place 18 zakärum a/u to say 20 haläqum i to be/become fugitive/lost 21 halälum/alälum a/u to hang (transitive) 22 habätum a/u to rob/plunder 25 napähum a/u kindle (a fire) Verbs I Weak (Exercise 6) 1 abärum D 2 aläkum a/i ebebum i 3 wasüm i 5 wasäbum enümi ezebum i 9 wabälum amärum a/u 20 wasärum to accuse, denounce to go (irregular verb, see Grammar) to be clean, free to go out (double weak) to sit to change (double weak) to leave (behind to bring to see (G to be free); D to set free Verbs III Weak (Exercise 7) 1 nadüm i to 2 šálům i to 3 wasům i to našům i to 4 enümi to bašům i to tebüm i to 9 qabüm i to leqüm i to 13 redüm i to 16 raqüm i to 19 kalům a to 25 belům i to Verbs II Weak (Exercise 8) 1 kanum u däkum u 5 tärum u sämum a 8 räbum i to be/become firm, true to kill to come back, return to buy to replace, restore 23 barum u to appear, turn up Exercise 1. Orthography Look up the follwing words in the glossary £ If if—a-wi-ltim a-wi-i-liaa (of a-wi-i-lu-tim) ne—er—tuni 4. ^ja^Ef ?§>h- ki-is-pu ki-is—pu-ii 5! J^>^^^>^^ku-riu-uk-ku-um 1 gfrgtflff ku-nu-ku-m Transliterate and transcribe the following sign combinations pi-il-su-um pils-am tut- Write out the following words in cuneiform strrqum rugumnrfim arntun alpum erseirum rikistttm belum massarttnn rabi'anum warjvum pllSum sisitum Exercise 3. The noun; the genitive; the status constructs 0 |jfc^> • foru"a„d"."or- [p IJ f1H^£(double weak verb) 2 tf. /p^^f/f^ (doubleweakverb) Exercise 7. Verbs III Weak r. /pgpf i. t*4ty (double weak) Exercise 8. Verbs II Weak 7. P$j^h^^^p=~ I- 6. mtHw*r&4 Exercise 9. Old Babylonian Letter AbB 4:13 1. a-na ^UTTJ-lja-zi-ir q£-b£-ma ma-ma Ha-am-mu-ra—bi—ma 5. ki-a-am ma-afc-ri-ia is-ku-un um-ma su-ma 10 IKU gis KIRIg sa KA ^La-la-ti-tim sa be-lf a-na SIPA.MES sa qa-ti-ia id-di-nam 108 ^Ar-wu-ni-um il-te-q£ ki-a-am ma-ajj-ri-ia i§-ku-[u]n glsKIRI6 su-a-ti a-na Ar-wu-u-um ma-an-nu-nm id-di—in 15, te.-em S1SKIRI,- su-a-ti ga-am-ra-am • 4 0 pa-nam su-tor-si-a-am-ma Su-up-ra-am 7F 7p< Excercise 10a. OB Bilingual Royal Inscription Samsu-iluna (RIME 4 3.7.5 P. 380ff.), VAS I 33 i i-HU 'WlfO] sax-ru sa AN ft [Kl] a-na dAMAR#[UTU] [D]UMU re-es-ti-im inu conjunction "when" AH = sarnu. ft. KI = ersetu AMAR.UTU = Slarduk DUMU = maru Ea; Akkadian DNs do not always have the determinative ha-di-is ip-pa-al-[s]u-STim -is Terminative-adverbial be~lu~ut ki-ib-ra-at ar-ba-im i-di-nu-sxun di('Tl) sa B?-a in A-nun-na-ki su-ma-am si-ra-am i-bf-tt-su bf archaizing sign value KA2.DlKGIR.RAkl [SUHU]S-su ki-ma [AH] u KI !_-d]-ki-in-nu-suni i-nu-su dAMAR.UT0 Fd] 1 JEn-lfl ma-ti-su Aminnaku a group of (netherworld) gods inusu "on that day, then" [BIKGIR] ba-ni ne-me-cif-iiii a-na Sa-am-su-i-lu-na LUGAL la-li-su i-a-ti [S]U.NIGIK2 ma-ta-txm '_a]-na re-ie-em i-din~nam [KA.]LAM~stL a-bur-ri su-ur-bu-sa-am ii ni-sa-s[u] [ra]-ap*-sa-tim in su-ul-mi-im a-na da-ar i-tar-ra-am ra-bi-is lu il-wa-e-ra-an-ni Sa-am-su-i-lu-na LUGAL da-rn&i oU.KIGHI2 = nap&aru KALAM = matum "land, nation" ki ni5m ( LUK ) archaizing sign value LUGAL KAg.DIBGIR.RA LUGAL mu-us-te-es-mi ki-ib-ra-at ar-ba-im a-na-ku in e-mu-uq ra-ma-ni-ia in IGI.GAL?-i[a] ra-bi-im IGI.GAL, = igigallu "wisdom, sage" BADj AlI.ZA.GAR^-^n-lf^1] BAD, = 45ru "wall(ed town), fort", AN.ZA.GAE^ = dimtu "tower" a-na ^fin-majh, MA ba-ni-t[i]-ia AM = ummu "mother" 3AD Pa-dakl „ a-na dIŠK0E re-si-i[a] dIŠKUR = dAdad BAD.;, La-ga-ba a-na ^K.Tzu] DEtfGIR ba-ni-i[a] [BAD, TJRJU Ia-bu-šu[mkl] [a-na dLUGAL.A]SA[Lg] iii mu-šar-bí-iS šar-ru-ti-ia , ki BAL,, URU Gu-la-bad Erra: Akkadian DN without determinative u.3AD,, it-[s]i-a-na-Erj-ra a-na [dGE,!.U¥tJ.GAL dGIR,.LTnj.GAL = Nergal ha-t[i a-a-bi]-ia 6 BABj-[MES ra-b]u-tim [§u-nu]-ti ša Su-m[u-l]a-4)IM5IR a-bi r[a-bi]-um a-bi a~[bi]-ia ha-aLmj-šum j i~!-pu-šu [i]n [la~b]i-ru-ti-šu~nu In r[,a]-ma-ni-šu-nu up-ta-as-s£-su-ma in li-ib-bu ITI 2.KAM libbu(m): Locative-adverbial ITI = warhu "month" S IG^-šu-nu al-bi-In .3IG^ = libittum "(unbaked) clay brick" ra-bi-is e-pu-uš re-ši-šu-nu ki-ma SA.TU-im u-ul-li 8A.TU * sadu "mountain" ŠU.HIGBL ma-ta-tim SUHUS-si-na u-ki-in K4g, DpTGIR ,RA šum-šu lu li-si-ir 1 in ki—ib-ra-at ar-ba-im iv lu ťí-ša-tir-šu pu-lujj-ti ME.Lpig šar-ru-ti-ia ME.LAM2 ' melemmu "brillance" pa-at AN ů er-se-tim lu ik-tum a-na šu-a-ti BHJGIR GAL.GAL in bu-ni-šu-nu na-wi-ru-tim [lu i]p-pa-al-su-nim [ba-l]a-tam sa ki-ma 'W.ZU wa~a[r-}}i]-ša-am tí-te-[ ed] -di-šu re-řu-tam !_ki~i]b-ra-[at] ar-ba-im in štt-ul-mi-im a-na„da-ar e-pé-ša-am ni-ia-ma-at li-ib-bl-ia ki-ma DIlíGIR ka-ša-dam u.-mi-ša-ain in re-ši-in e-li-a-tim 4 in [r]e-ša-tiir! u ^j[i>-u]d li-ib-bi-im a-ta-al-lu-kam a-na še-ri-ik-tim [l]u iš-ru-ku-nim TFHf lip 8= Tf >^< jag g ž -L Exercise 11. Letter to the Moon God Nanna/Sin -jjgrp g 1. dWAMA LUGAL AN KI at-ta at-ka-al-ku-um-ma E-la-li DUMU Glr-ni-i-sa ih-ta-ab-la-an-ni di-ni di-in 5. KU-..BABBAR-am ii-la i-su-ii-ma it-he-a-am i-na ka-ds-pi-ia bu-bu-li-stt u-pi-il a-na bi-it e-mi-im is-si ma-ra-am u ma-ar-ta-am ir-si lo. li-bi il-la u-ti-ib ka-as-pi sa-al-ma-am ii—la ii-te—ra-am u na-as la-pa-ti-su Ib-ta-ab-la-an—ni 15. a-na ^NANNA at-ka-al-ma i-na ki-ra-tim me-eb,-re-et E -kis-nu-gal la a-tja-ba-Iu-ka-ma it-ma i-na KA .MAH sa-pa-al S1STUKUL 20, sa ta-ra-mu it-ma SA^ KISAL.MAH me-eb-re-et E2-kis-ntt-gal me-eb-re-et ^NIN.GAL sa E2.GA.DI IGI ^N.SIBIJR SUR KISAL.MAH d. IGI A-la-mu-us 25. IGI ^AMA.PALIL u ^HAMA.A^• DAH it-ma-a-am ka-a-ti u ma-ru-ka la a-ba-ba-lu-ka-ma it-ma DIMGIR.E.HE an-nu-ttun lu si-bu-ii-a-mi iq-bi 30. a-pu-na-ma i-na ki-ra-tim me-eh-re-et E^-kis-m-gdl IGI dKANNA IGI dUTU E-la-li IGI: mafear ku-zu-la-am la a-i}a-ba-lu-ma IGI SrABNA IGI ^TU 35, a-pil"*" E-la-lf a-a-ib-si ki-a-am it-ma ta-mi dNANNA ů Stü e-ep-qá-am i-ma—al-la i-la-t>i-in u DUMU.UŠ ií-la e-ra-aš-ši ^NAHNA ů ^TU E-la-l£ it-ma-ma 40. iÍ3-ta-a"b-la-an-ni SíHJ.ŠtlBUH LUGAL NIG^. GA li-zi-iz-ma ^AKHA ů ^TU di-ni li-di-nu ra-bu-ut ^NANNA ů 'HjTU lu-mu-ur-ma DUMU.UŠ: aplum NIG0.GA: makkurum This bitter harangue, written on a pierced cylinder, is addressed to the moon-god by a certain Kussulu. He loaned money to a certain Elali without a written document, but was instead content with the debtor's four-fold oath in the precinct of the moon-god's temple at Ur, and, apparently, a symbolic gesture. Perhaps Kussulu had wanted to avoid the costs of a scribe and witnesses. The debtor failed to repay. He married and raised a family, although a consequence of breaking an oath was supposed to be infertility. Kussulu had no recourse save a direct appeal to the gods concerned by the broken oath to exercise their power and thereby prove their greatness. O Nanna, you are king of heaven and earth, I put my trust in you. Elali, son of Girnisa, has wronged me, judge my case! Having no money, he approached me. He paid his debts with my money. He married, he had a son and daughter. He did not satisfy me, he did not repay my money in full, he has wronged me, his creditor^). But I put my trust in Nanna! In the orchards facing Ekishnugal1 he swore: "May I be damned if I wrong you!" He swore at the Main Gate, under the weapon which you love, he swore inside the Main Court facing Ekishnugal, facing Ningal of the Egadi, before Ninshubur ... of the Main Court, before Alamush, before Nanna-Vanguard and Nanna-Reinforcement he swore: "May I be damned if I wrong you or your sons!" He said, "These gods be my witness." Moreover, in the orchards facing Ekishnugal, before Nanna, before Shamash, he swore this: "May I, Elali, be damned if I wrong Kussulu! May Elali have no heir before Nanna and Shamash (if he wrongs)!" - - (One says): "The false swearer (by) Nanna and Shamash shall be a leper, he shall be destitute and not have a male heir." Elali swore by Nanna and Shamash and has wronged me! May Ninshubur, master of property rights, stand (as witness), may Nanna and Shamash judge my case! Let me see the greatness of Nanna and Shamash! G*dd, ÜBT PLATE CCLXXXVni 402 Ob v. >&*&r 0?g> m *pf 5 10 Hl &lf Ffk *MT«>=r fy-, ifHfer fc^m m #= 0- $ fa- if: MR # W « #c ^ 15 20 25 402 PLATE CCLXXXK Lo.e Rev 30 35 40 ^^m=[ iff* >y j^Mtmm fag $0r H- ^nk tßJiffate w m JfMJtöM &f ¥ IHff&Ar f ft tt* #3 ¥ >fe mm m ft ^ ß=f %l vis 1 54 1 a—na ma—ti—ma a-na la-t>a-ar TJD-mi a-na TJD-tana gi^-a-tim0 a-aa VS-mi §a %*«ip-!^t 5 KI .MAg a-ni-a-am li-nrura-ma la iS-sa-sa-ak a-na äs-ri-Su li-te-era a—wi-ltmi §u-11 sa a-ni-i-tama i—ima-ma-ru-ma la i-me-e-su 10 ki-a—am i—qä-ab—tou-li KI.MAH-mi a-ni-am a-na ri-su-mi lu-te-er-su gi-Hnil l-pt3?-§U li-ir-ti-ib-su 15 i-na e-la-ti äum-su li-id-mi-iq i-na §a-ap-laa-ti e-te-emniru-gu me-e za-ka-ti li-il-tu-ii Variants: 5as -mi; b: sa-; o: -ti «a. 54. Altbabyloniseher Grabkegel (VA 3114). Mit Varianten vom Duplikat VA 3117. 4" 8a: t%-; Bs -ru —mu—in? va~ adds —su -ta. 9as var. Aiaits /. vf't to:, adds -a- fi-n in ApftTijt(n. Mump) [i/oi] 7 J "to-Myitom. mmol in Oß midien F.mrkim, ft ABU toot jit ' *=#p if If äp- Tf er ^ ^> m n>< ff* ^ t 1 surr 4r ^ Tf Tf "Pf? 4m- "' aip In the future, In times to come, , In far-off days, In times hereafter, May he who shall see this tomb, Not do away with it, May he restore it That man who will see this, Who will not forget, Who will speak on this wise, "I should restore this tomb," May the good deed he has done Be requited him. Above, may his name be in favor, Below, may his spirit(s) drink pure waters. The modern history of the cylinders suggests that they were all found in one place at the same time. The possibility that they were found in a burial is not entirely ruled out, but they lack one of the fundamental elements of a funerary inscription, the name of the deceased, so to a modern reader it seems more likely to be a literary grave inscription, as well known from other literatures.8 Ii / Atra-fra-sis Myíh mttrnin$ thccredUn t\ wan anA hh ur\j hiihr] (tht floeá) Tjl!etI,Cf[. i ■■ i-mu-mi i-lw ú-U áíL-ni-lí a-bi-k h-uf>-h-li]k-ki óu.-nj>-bi-'ik l-ll r3-/L-fmJ» du,-u,l-tn.-tf-t(i ks-bi-it rni-z-aei Š3-3j>-Š3-£wn T3-bu,-lwn ^A-nm-m-kn- fi-li-il-lzm Wfien tk ifh tih tnsn lm tht work zná íufferU tht th wtrk W3& hea-vj, tht ilslrtss v?í much -The ítren gresh hnanhiku. were Miklng tic I^R énffer tht wirk, Anunnakz \ >eni<>r (ol* UsLlihcs of talltl 1 Ýůi (numkrtjlina m cti. riii ) Mihtn tjmmlth stih tnl^ezch ctlu/Hn •. Skip té) Ctlej>hon: J>VB LKÁM.MA i-nn-nii i-řn a-wi-lum Mí/J/p. 8; Hit 50 KV~*A'i M.SAR TUK Tallel 1 ' Wh en the^vh (ikt imn blbmltr ůflinti: tli hni o\{fmúhn \y) Kmf-hn, iht juriter smU Hcnih tóm, tii hj/ Ihe jar Ur» Am^sskn^ht king, s shht ef fotoidf... d kul Ul ti lk Irtxst,