|
|
Table 14.1 | a. Sector of commonsense knowledge | b. Sector of experts' knowledge | generic term | element | 1. Chemical knowledge | color | greenish | elementary, category | non metallic | smell | disagreeable | family | halogen | | | valence | univalent polyvalent | | | chemical symbol | Cl | | | natural occurrence | in chlorides | | | chlorine | NaCl HCl | | | 2. Physical knowledge | | | natural state of matter | gas | | | other states | liquid chlorine | | | weight | 2 times as heavy, as air | | | atomic number | 17 | | | atomic weight | 33.453 etc. | | | 3. Biological knowledge | | | 4. Geological knowledge | | | 5. Historical information (discovery, further research, . . . ) | | | 6. Etymological information | | | 7. Etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
already called presuppositions can survive a negation test differently than other kinds of meaning postulates. First of all, as it has already been stressed, the global encyclopedic knowledge about a given lexical item (let us call it K) is only an ideal kind of competence. Actually, people share only reduced portions of K (let us call these portions kj, where j = 1, 2 . . . n). Any S can activate (or presume that his A can activate) a certain portion of his knowledge (kj) as far as given textual utterance is concerned. To understand a text is always a matter of a dialectics between the ideal K, the kj of A, and the supposed kj of S. More- |
|
|
|
|
|