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Page 223
1. Definite description. Since the classical works of Frege (1892), Russell (1905), and Strawson (1950), presuppositions of existence were connected with the nature of reference and referential expressions, namely, proper names and definite descriptions:
John met the man with the red hat presupposes that there is a man with a red hat.
2. Some particular verbs, namely:
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a. Factive verbs (Kiparsky and Kiparsky 1970): George regrets that Mary left presupposes that Mary left.
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b. Implicative verbs (Karttunen 1971): Mary managed to leave presupposes that Mary tried to leave (and some other presuppositions concerning the difficulty or improbability of the action; see below).
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c. Change-of-state verbs (Sellars 1954; Karttunen 1973): George stopped drinking red wine presupposes that George was drinking red wine before.
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d. Verbs of judging, discussed extensively in Fillmore (1971): John accused Mary of being rich presupposes that to be rich is bad (or John thinks that to be rich is bad).
3. Cleft sentences (Prince 1978; Atlas and Levinson 1981):
It was Henry who opened the door presupposes that someone opened the door.
4. Stressed constituents (Chomsky 1972):
MARY wrote the paper presupposes that someone wrote the paper.
5. WH-questions:
When did Mary see John? presupposes that Mary saw John.
6. Certain iterative adverbs and verbs:
Yesterday John was drunk again presupposes that John has been drunk before.
John returned to Rome presupposes that John was in Rome before.

 
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