PALUN JA AITAH! Please and thank you! (Tekst nr 8) n Aitah! - Thanks! ° Tanan! - Thank you! D Suur tanu! - Thank you very much! 0 Suur aitah! - Thank you very much! ° Palun! - Please! ° Pole tanu vaart. - You're welcome. ° Vabanda! / Vabandage! - Excuse me! ° Vabandust! - Sorry! ° Anna / Andke andeks! - Please forgive me! Kuulake ja korrake! Listen and repeat. (Tekst nr 9) n Pole midagi. - That's all right. n Vota I votke heaks! - You're welcome! ° Head isu! - Enjoy your meal! (lit.: have a good appetite!) ° Tervist! - Cheers! Tore! Great! suur, -e, -t big and/ma, -a, annan to give vot/ma, -ta, -an to take tore, -da, -dat great tanu, -, - thanks 1. A: Aitah! B: PaluMl 2. A: Suur tanu! B:.......... ! 3. A: Atsihh! B:...................! 4. A: Ai! B:....... 5-A:................! B: Pole midagi! 6. A:................! B: Pole tanu vaart! 7. A: Anna andeks! B:................! midagi something appetite 2. Palun ja aitah! 17 3. f'^l Kuulake ja vastake! Listen and answer. (Tekst nr 10) a© h CD: Palun! Teie: AutAki 4. Tolkige! Translate. * 1. Excuse me!.................. 2. That's all right............ 3. Please.......................... 4. You're welcome.......... 5. Thank you very much. 6. Thank you................... 7.1 am sorry.................... 8. You're welcome! ......... 9. Cheers!........................ 10. Enjoy your meal! ...... ma-ja DA-INFINITIIV (raakl|má|-raakigg, oskama - osata, tegema - teha). MA- and DA-infinitive (to speak, to know, to do). oska/ma, The infinitive answers the question: what to do? For example: to speak, to know, to do and so on. osata, -n to know, Every verb in Estonian has two initial forms: MA-infinitive and DA-infinitive. to know, I know The MA-infinitive always ends with -MA: ráákima (to speak), oskama (to know), tegema (to do). tegema, teha, teen to do, to do, Ido nágema, náha, náen to see, to see, I see MA -MA ráákijmaj -MA oska^řia] -MA tegqmal The DA-infinitive can end with -DA, -TA, -A. For example: raakida (to speak), osata (to know), teha (to do). - DA raakida -DA ~> -TA osata - A teha 18 Tere! The two infinitives are always translated by using only one word! A/B/ For example, raaki ma - raaki[da](to speak), oskama - osa[ta](to know), tegema - teh[a] (to do). to speak ,/ \ raakima - raakida to know // \ oskama - osata to do / \ tegema - teha raaki/ma, -da, raagin to speak, to speak, I speak In a dictionary, the words are always given with the MA-infinitive. raaki ma stem :__> raaki da ^_ending raagi n In Estonian it is important to know three main verb forms: MA - infinitive (raakima - to speak) DA - infinitive (raakida - to speak) I - form (ma raagin - I speak). These three forms serve as the basis for forming other grammatical categories, for example, the past tense, imperative mood, etc. Therefore, in the textbook we always give three verb forms and you should learn them all! in a-form raaki |ma~ da-form ft raaki da "I" form raagi [n] 5. Tolkige! Translate. * 1. oskama...................................... 7. nagema , 2. olla............................................ 8. olema ... 3. osata......................................... 9- andma .. 4. votta......................................... 10. anda ... 5. tegema...................................... II. teha..... 6. naha.......................................... 12. votma . 2. Palunja aitah! 19 6. Uhendage! Connect. * 1. tegema. raakida 2. osata votta 3. nagema \ oskama 4. olema \. andma 5. anda '" teha 6. raakima olla 7. votma naha 7. Tolkige (MA-, DA-infinitiiv)! * Translate. (MA-, DA-infinitive) 1. to be ................................................. 2. to do................................................. 3. to see ................................................ 4. to speak............................................ 5. to know ............................................ 6. to take .............................................. 7. to give............................................... aru; to ui MA R A AG IN, SA RAAGIDy TA R A AG IB I speak, you speak, he speaks... aru saama, aru saada, saan aru to understand How do you say I speak, you speak, he speaks? In Estonian the verb ending changes. -ma to speak raakima zda to speak raakida "I" I speak raagi n Ma raagi + -N Ma niiigin. I speak. hasti Sa raagi + -D Sa raiigid. You speak. well Ta raagi + -B ^> Ta raagib. He, she speaks. Me raagi + ME Me riiagime. We speak. Te raagi + -TE Te riiagite. You speak. Nad raagi + -VAD Nad riiiigivad. They speak. m I There is no distinct future or continuous tense in Estonian. The present tense can be used to indicate both. What is meant, depends on the context in which the verb appears. 'Ma raagin' could mean T speak' or T am speaking' or T will speak'. D Ma raagin eesti keelt. I speak Estonian. ° Ma raagin praegu sobraga. I am speaking with a friend at the moment. ° Ma raagin sinuga homme. I will speak to you tomorrow. Some verbs in Estonian consist of two parts. For example, to understand: ° MA-infinitive - aru saama ° DA-infinitive - aru saada n "I" form - saan aru Sometimes some other word may stand in-between these two parts of the verb. For example, Ma saan hasti aru. I understand well. (aru) saama (am) saada saan (aru) 20 Tere! aru saama - aru saada - saa n am to understand - to understand - I understand Ma saan aru. Sa saad aru. Ta saab aru. Me saame aru. Te saate aru. Nad saavad aru. 8. * to do - to do tegema - teha I do tee ri Ma ttiM/. Sa............. Ta............. Me............ Te............. Nad.......... I understand. You understand. He, she understands. We understand. You understand. They understand. Ma Sa Ta Me Te Nad 9. * to know - to know ■ ^::'§jr: - jf J) I I know oskama - osata - oskan Te oskate. Nad............... Ma................ Sa.................. Ta................. Me................ 10. * to see - to see - I see nagema - mill a - nae n Ma nJUKt Sa............... Ta............... Me.............. Te............... Nad............ 11. * to give - to give - I give andma - and a - anna n Ta MUVlb. Sa............... Ma.............. Me............. Te............... Nad............ 12. * to understand - to understand - I understand aru saama - aru saada - saan aru 1.1 understand. MiV SOMl lira, 2. They understand..................................................3. You (sing.) understand........................................................4. We understand....................................................... 5. He, she understands............................................................................6. You (pi.) understand........ 2. Palunja aitah! 13- * l. andma - anda anna n - sa OJUUuL raagi n - te 2. oskama - osata - oskan - nad - 3. raakima - raakida 4. tegema - teha - fteejn - me sn - sa..... 5. olema - olla - ole 6. nagema - naha 7. aru saama - aru saada nae|n - tenia.................. n aru - mina . saa 14. Tolkige! Translate. * 1. You (sing.) do.............. 3. You (pi.) understand. 5. They speak................. 2.He knows......... 4.1 give............... 6. He is a student. maIEraagi, s a HJraagi, taITIra agi ... I do not speak, you do not speak, he does not speak... Expressing the negative in Estonian is easy. Add the negative EI (NOT) to the "I" form and drop the verb endings! -ma to speak raakima =da to speak raakida I speak raaain raagi 0 Ma ei |raagi| Sa ei Ta ei Me ei Te ei Nad ei raagi raagi raagi raagi I do not speak. You do not speak. He, she does not speak. Wc do not speak. You do not speak. They do not speak. 18. * wi V - 1. Kes U raagi(n). (olema - (tegema (andma I speak RAAGI EI + RAAGI = EI RAAGI I do not speak 22 Tere! 15- * to do - to do - I do tegema - teha teen Ma tbtee: Sa............... Ta............... Me .. Te ... Nad. 16. * 1) to give - to give - I give andma - anda annan 1. We do not give. Mbe^OKKtiU 2. They do not give....................... 3. You (sing.) do not give............. 4. He, she does not give................ 5. You (pi.) do not give................. 6.1 do not give.............................. SPiK i <■ Ma Sa Ta Me Te Nad EI raagi 0 . 2) to understand - to understand - I understand aru saama - aru saada - saa n aru 0 1. You (pi.) do not understand. Te- &L SCUb aru? 2. They do not understand................................ 3. We do not understand................................... 4.1 do not understand....................................... 5. He, she does not understand......................... 6. You (sing.) do not understand...................... 17. * 1. Mina teetti 2. Meie........... 3. Tenia ei...... 4. Nad............ 5. Sa ei.. 6. Teie ... 7. Tema. 8. Sina.. 18. * 1. Kes SCUW ATMs (aru saama - aru saada saa n aru )? 2. Me ei..........................(raakima - raakida raagi n). 3. Nad ei........................................................(nagema - naha -|naejn). 4. Kes te (olema - olla - Bleli)? 5. Ma ei..................................(oskama - osata - |oskah). 6. Sa ei (tegema - teha -|teejn). 7. Anna ja Velio........................................(raakima). 8. Kes ei. (andma - anda - annan)? 19. Tolkige! Translate. * 1. They do not understand...................................................................................................................... 2. We speak............................................................................................................................................. 3. Who is he? .........................................................................................................................................? 4. You (pi.) do not do............................................................................................................................. 5. Who does not give? ...........................................................................................................................? 6.1 see..................................................................................................................................................... 7. You (sing.) know................................................................................................................................. 2. Pahmja aitah! 23 8. She speaks............................................................................ 9. They do............................................................................. 10. You (pi.) give................................................................................. Kuulake ja naidake! Tolkige! Listen and show. Translate. * (Tekst nr 11) -N -D -B -ME -TE -VAD CDsSaraagi..., ' forMaUL- ' f) + N You speak seda te juba os kate This you already know. 1. # 1. Kes sa 0UJ2 2. Mina...........................naine. 3. Ta ei...........................Mart. 4. Kes nad........................ 5. Me....................................inimesed. 6. Kes ta...............................? 7. Mina ei..............................sekret; 8. Ta.........................opetaja. 9. Ma.........................opilane. 10. Me.........................mehed. 2. Tolkige! Translate. * All the best! B B Have a nice day! B Tere!