IC2.1-­‐L1grammar©	
  YenJungChen	
  2014	
  
	
  
	
   1	
  
L.01	
  Exercise1-­‐3
1. The Dynamic Particle 了
Verbial 了 Sententail 了
Place of 了
in the
sentence after the main verb after the main clause
meaning realization of the action change of the state
specail
function
peak marker of sequential events mark the end of the sentnece or paragraph
manner warning being polite
e.g.我吃了饭就走。
e.g.他告诉我，他明天不能去Roman家玩儿了。
e.g.我前天买的书掉了。
e.g. A:「我想去那里游泳。」B：「别去！那里很危险！」
e.g. A:「让我请你吃顿饭吧！」B：「不了，我还有事呢！」
2. 是…的…
e.g.这支笔是我的，不是他的。
e.g. A:「你说的（话）是真的吗？」B：「是真的！」C：「不是的！他说的是假的！」
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   IC2.1-­‐L1grammar©	
  YenJungChen	
  2014	
  
	
  
	
   2	
  
3. Included v.s. Excluded
(1) 除了…以外/之外…，…还… 	
  ≒ 除了…以外/之外…，…也…
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(2) 除了…以外/之外…，…都…
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4. 再说 to provide additional reason; to explain why the decision is made.
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5. Connecting Sentences（Ｉ）
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