226! ►£IS.£;£i ^12*1L 1 * ^ Feeling III s N IS D a o g u Mary and Michiko are talking at school. 3 At,: : £1 L tzLX-f^\ 4 /r1)-: i^i%m%MHUaW«^jt.#^f feJ^fH^f&A la.ut>' HI ^f) At a hospital. 1 x r 'J - : 2 E # : 3 / r 'J — : 4 5 | f : 6 / r 'J - : 7 I iff ^ s y r 'J - : 9 K i : © Michiko: ^"^H^ don*t look well. Mary. Mary: I'm ... I have a little stomachache. Michiko: What's the matter? Mary: I went out to have dinner with my friend yesterday. I think maybe I ale too much. Michiko: Are you all right? Mary: Yes. Don't worry about it. Oh. it hurts. Michiko: You had better go to a hospital. © Mary: Doctor. I have a -ore throat. I had a stomachache yesterday. Doctor: 1 sec. You have a fever, too. It is just a cold. Mary: Well. I will have a tennis tournament soon, so 1 have to practice, though . . . Doctor: You had belter not exercise for a couple of days. Man-: I understand. Doctor: Take medicine and go to bed early tonight. Mary: Yes. Thank you so much. Doctor: Take care. 228 ►SB'X^fil ^—f fc^ a b < b 0 v a - X *$ * &{? & "7 Hr > h | W P I i MH UNfc i i 1 U - adjectives £2 ^ SI* pp i I leg: foot meaning stomach cold girlfriend boyfriend temperature (weather—not used for things) cloudy weather match: game juice politics grade (on a Lest, etc.) cough throat tooth flower sunny weather clothes hangover present homesickness thing (concrete object) snow business to take care of sweet hurt; painful there are many . . . narrow: not spacious inconvenient; to have a scheduling conflict bad - Words that appear in the dialogue 229 ^■adjective (/-verbs Ij4 m*fisi>z ftu-verbs ****** Irregular Verbs Adverbs and Other * ~"c Lit fantastic to catch a cold to be interested (in ... ) (topic I-) tu lust' to have a fever to become thirsty to cough to break up: to separate (person K) to Ret nervous to worry Expressions always Gel well soon, don't look well probably; maybe as much as possible probably; . . . , right? . . . degrees (temperature) for two to three days because . . . for the first time very soon; in a few moments/days St /í Grammar There are two distinct ways to make a statement in Japanese. One way is to simply report the facts as they are observed. This is the mode ol" speech that we have learned so far. In this lesson, we will learn a new way: the mode of explaining things. A report is an isolated description of a fact. When you are late for an appointment, you can already report in Japanese what has happened, ' AsX~~fo I have an exam tomorroiv. (So I can't go out tonight.) Y i V (3|f §i tz k v*Clř* I want to go to the bathroom, (declaration of one's wish) )- i V l~'ň J tzL^tto / want to go to the bathroom. (So tell me where it is.) /u"C"f goes after the short form of a predicate. The predicate can be either in the affirmative or in the negative, either in the present tense or in the past tense. Aslt*? itself i is invariant and does not usually appear in the negative ur the past tense forms. In writing, it is more common to find <7)X'i~ instead of A>*Z*~t. &tÍftJ>t& { &t \A,X°~f0 (in response to the question. "Why do you look so upset?"') ■4. ■ ¥ * -- (As a matter of fact) My grade is not good. 'In casual exchanges, /. <$-f appears in its short form. Ltz. In casual questions, /C"C"t"** is replaced by <7X We will examine these further in Lesson 15. iK^kfi^^fro fz L X"~f ■ (explaining lo a person who Jims caught you smiling) The exam is over. (That's uTiv I'm smiling J When it follows a noun or a &-adjective. & comes in between. report sentences explanation sentences ^-adjective: noun: You can use in questions to invite explanations and further clarifications from the person you are talking lo. It is very often used together with question words, such as € ') I X (why) and ¥n Ltz (what has happened). Why did you break up tvith your boyfriend? (You 're got to tell me.J Oh, him. He never takes a bath. (Thai's a good enough reason, isn't it?) Q : gfl L 117/f// happened? (You look shattered.) My cat died. (That should explain how I look today.) You can also use A"C'i" to provide an additional comment on what has just been said. A : n X i^^m^Xr-ftec That's a great textbook that you are using. B : £z.0 &tf>jfc£V» 17;// /W. 77/? professors at my university wrote it (for your information). SA !fi l^^^ff*' question is best answered by a A- *C*"f sentence with the subject marked with the particle ratlier than as in this example. See l-esson S fur a related discussion. Verb stems may be followed by the helping verb which means "too much." or "to excess." ~Tb' Z> conjugates as a regular ra-verb. jt^^SX ii^ £ ^/vo You must not cat loo much. ~f $can also follow and i-adjective bases (the parts which do not change in conjugations); you drop the * and & at the end of the adjectives and then add 1" 5. (rtj \- 0 - #M&>& i§i *f 3? I i" i 77//V book is too expensive. (&') *<0A (JtH^"f y I #, That person is too nice. (IT ^'^^tt "it is better (for you) to do ..." is a sentence-final expression that you can use to give advice. When you suggest an activity with tin *H*v\-Ci~, you are giving a very specific piece of advice; namely, that it is advisable to do it. and if one does not follow the advice, there is a danger or a problem. tl t £^ iV**Ci" is peculiar in that il follows different tense forms, depending on whether the advice given is in the affirmative or Ihe negative. When the advice is in the affirmative, li n **t"f generally follows the past tense short form of a verb. When the advice is in the negative, however, the verb is in the present tense short form. &«S Elf % £ %*Xr to give the reason for the situation described in the balance of the sentence. Semantically. is just like h'h. Stylistically. £>*C sounds slightly more formal than ^. (reason) COT: (situation)o (situation), because (reason). My Japanese has improved, because I always speak Japanese. 7 d«/ ;w/ steep tes/ nig///, because I had a lot of homework. The reason part of a sentence ends in a short form predicate. When 0)X' follows a &-adjective or a noun, & comes in between, as it did with the explanatory predicate ,'oX-f. 7 cfo JHN that person, because he is mean. ^ a !«i a € s ^ mjtifrAX-f, Banks are closed, because today is a Sunday. 0 ~fc<5*l\W-i:t£A/ 3 We use & < 1 -tiX to say that it is necessary to do something, or "must." fl^tf % Y tfh Zfrh, tz( 3 /C%5£ L fr < ib^utt JS^P 7 /ir?w /o sr/zr/y X~l 2 i, or x—fdX I j |, (&-adjective) T"--- Professor Yamasliita probably likes fish. Professor Yamashita probably doesn't like fish. (noun) 77/fl/ person is probably an Australian. ~% — 7n h "7 ') A A L" t'^t'L i To That person is prabublx not an Australian. 4t' L x i may also follow predicates in the past tense. We will, however, concentrate on the present tense examples in this lesson. tLi *> sentences can be turned into questions (~'C L x n which can be used to invite another person's opinion or guess. Which would you say is more difficult, Japanese or Korean? The short form of "C ill is jf£ h n . You can use it to cautiously phrase a prediction or an analysis. felt l%A,tm***M%MJk3 g»v*ii% / //«/?iA" Takeshi would be interested in it. In casual exchanges, you can use Lin (with the question intonation, and most often pronounced as somewhat shorter tLi) when you want to check if your partner agrees that you have the correct understanding about what you have just said. John, you understand Chinese, right? Can you read tills for me? t\h 1>>PZ> Practice A. You are in the following situations. Explain them using ~/u"c?~if. [5. Example: 88 ¥M V -*t^f — Q : ^'t L A : Wv-CTC (1) * 'J i L (2) y v -tf > h i t It MI L (3) * L/=(if*A"C"t (4) »«h a (5) fxH/t L( (6) W^fott (7) JNTtPM L (8) < L I Ifc (9) fclfe-f* 9 it (10) T (11) St* ^'Jtii I tz Respond to the comments using ~/uZ:T. [5 Example: ___ My father's X £ ^ "C i"0 I received them Italian ones My mother From my friend. It was cheap. kind C. Pair Work—Your partner has said something nice about what you have. Respond using ~h>7:f. Example: B ! f%M D. Pair Work—Make up dialogues asking for reasons. Example: I went to Tokyo last week. - A : fcSMUfctelfii Lib. 1. I am very tired. 2. I have no money. 3. It is not convenient today. 0 4. I want Lo marry my boyfriend/girlfriend. 5. I am going to Japan to study. G. He speaks Chinese very well. (*MtS4-_L-J-T -t) 7. 1 don't want to watch that movie. A. Describe the following pictures using Use "verb + ITt^-S" for (1) through (4) and "adjective + for (5) through (10). (*») Example: B. Look at the verbs below. Think about the results of over doing these things and make sentences as in the example. Example: -• p**&$%&%± U U MA IRti 1. ^£f£L' 5. 6. #**pifM$i Using the cues below, give advice to a friend who has a headache. Decide if you should use the affirmative or the negative. V A Example: &&&& ft 1 « 1. f < -1. f±^£ttt: B : (+1 o 2. mmz&i 5. t 3. ^^r-ft < 6. 5 B. Pair Work—Give advice to your partner in the following situations, using —15-5 Example: 0 * If * ■* Ji ^ (z & 0 v * 1. f $Tjg 7. iNNSt*1 2. 5. fcri c Li 3. I 6. zzsm^fz 9. ^ottf r-^'Jt^ C. Pair Work—You are a health counselor. Someone who hasn't been feeling well is at your office. Ask the following questions. Complete this form first, then give your advice using —S-52R\IA a . X < ML | t&m b . X(f^tJt/i <■+ (R» L Sil * l J: B. Make sentences using the cues below as reasons, according to the example. Example: W*t W% t l É "* SN^^^fe*^ JÉÉ £ ^ 3. ,t^A->7 7tt 4. ffl^aifc o á 1- 2 I L' C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. 2. _^___C0t% n i t# -■--Kál 3. _jtHTtMI Life* 4. _*>"C\ i'Jiti ltz0 6. _íO-C, »1LÍ lfc0 us; u a A. Look at Tom's schedule and make sentences, according to the example. Example: 7:00a.m. /H§ I -* h A ? L ii-fcu* ^ & < t, ^ ^ tt I #4, 7:00 a.m. Ex. J 3 8:00 a.m. (1) 7 § 9:0U a.m. (2) *ft£UiU* liOO p.m. (3) «LTft±f:^7 2:00 p.m. (4) f|it#IU£ £ 3:00 p.m. (5) LLT-^rfoT, x-:/£M< 5:00 p.m. (6) 7 6:00 p.m. (7) $JH r7r; 'J - £ % r (iA £ -fe-< h 8:00 p.m. (8) 9:00 p.m. (9) £RgtiA£ j. A tti> 10:00 p.m. (10) ffcStfcfc' li:00 km. Cll) 7 *>{-'tf££^lt£ B. Pair Work—Invite the partner to do the following things together. Turn down the invitation and give an explanation using ~-&<'£J^lM:r&l.V Example: play tennis 1- do homework 2. eat lunch 3. drink coffee 4. study in the library 5. go to karaoke Answer the following questions. 6. -ffft^Bl, •fiLtt)fW^tfi*ATL*t«S A. Here is tomorrow's weather forecast (^E^f). Play the role of a meteorologist and tell the weather forecasts for each city. [^}\ examples: Tokyo/snow |t#li*> L /■-•§■ -CL Jt temperature in Tokyo/around 2'C cit> weather temperature Tokyo Ex. snow Ex. around 2LC Sydney (1) sunny (2) hot (3) around 30'C Hong Kong (1) rain (5) cool (6) around 18 C Rome (7) cloudy (8) warm (9) around 20 C B. Pair Work—Play the role of a meteorologist Predict the weather for your favorite city. The other person fills in the blanks. Switch roles and do the same thing. city 9ealher temperature A. Using Dialogue I as a model, make skits in the following situations. ~Your friend looks sad. -Your friend looks happy. B. Pair Work—A and B are deciding when they can play tennis together. Play the role of A and B. Discuss your schedules and find the day on which both of you are available. Refer to p. 245 for B's schedule. Example: A : &i%C0 n BS 3 I-—$t!- r - X £ I 3 B : *fu£co/Mga tit i o ^p^-|pAtf0 < A's schedule Sunday go shopping Monday Tuesday read books Wednesday Thursday Friday meet friends Saturday C. Role Play—Visiting a Doctor's Office Using Dialogue II as a model, act the role of a doctor or a patient. Doctor—Fill out the medical report on p. 245 and give advice to the patient. Patient—Describe the symptoms you have and answer the doctor's questions. mm* Sex: _ Male Female Age: Symptoms: Z Sore throat _ Headache ~ Stomachache ~! Any other pain □ Cough □ Fever Z Allergy frw^f-) _ Others Pair Work(Vn)B. ^— Example: A : fc&tD %m B U—** I- T - X g l$*tL*\ B's schedule Sunday Monday teach English Tuesday Wednesday clean rooms, do laundry, etc. Thursday ■ Friday Saturday practice karate Health an d Illness At the Reception of the Clinic Patient: fAI^A, ivfrX 0m Excuse me, this is my first visit. Receptionist: i^fkU fc JMftT 4 OA'. Please show me your health insurance certificate. Please fill in your name and address on this paper. Patient: ^li^It'T^c What kinds of medicine are these? Receptionist: £ & it sh X'if, fttit (: Sfc /v *C < £ 3 v i, 7Vjese ffre painkillers. Please take one after meals. Patient: hh^ i L fc* Receptionist: JS^^Uc Please take care. Useful Expressions for Illness (^£0 and Injuries (lt£*) T$J'C'i~u I have diarrhea. If o fltK&*C"f*-- -1 am constipated. ±ilt'i"0----- I have my period. i\Lt7pj£.X*i~a--■--1 have hay fever. (~|_) T U il^—h{h 9 $ "f o-1 have an allergy to . . . ftft&*£> f) i i*„----I have a had tooth. < L * A*1'* | i"0 I sneeze. ^.7k^''ih ^ "t"0--I have a runny nose. >$^bifrvP\^X*i~Q-My back itches. ¥h ') £ it, -1 have rashes. rt^^Ut,- I feel dizzy. f± £ i L/cQ-----1 threw up. »-Ci"0 --■-1 am not feeling well. V If if £ I £ L /io I burned myself. £ ') $ Lit*- —I broke my leg. hi Uti h lt**fc t £ Ltza- —I hurt myself. Useful Vocabulary • H# (Doctor's office) iA] f4 -physician "---dermatologist *H4---surgeon #.#A^4- obstetrician and gynecologist >