Migration in Central Europe



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Population Density


Demographic Revolution - Transition
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•originally high birth/death rate gradually decreasing
•    (natality vs. mortality)
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•reduced infant mortality
•
•increased life expectancy

• Population Growth in Time
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•       0 – 300 mil
•1000 – 310 mil
•1500 – 500 mil
•1750 – 800 mil – European expansion
•1804 – 1 bn
•1927 – 2 bn
•1960 – 3 bn
•1974 – 4 bn
•1987 – 5 bn
•1999 – 6 bn
•2011 – 7 bn – October
•2050 – 9.5 bn
•

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•
•
•‘Age of Migration’ a period during which international migration has accelerated, globalised,
feminised, diversified and become increasingly politicised.
•(Castles and Miller 1993, 2009: 10-12).

Migration Theories
•internal vs. international
•temporary vs. permanent
•regular vs. irregular migration
•voluntary and forced migration
•‘economic’ migrants vs. refugees
•
•transnationalism
•diaspora




•Migration Theories
•Migration occurs because individuals search for food, sex and security outside their usual
habitation.(Idyorough, 2008)
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•Zipf's Inverse Distance Law (1956)
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•Gravity Model of Migration and the Friction of Distance
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•Buffer Theory
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•Stouffer's Theory of Intervening Opportunities (1940)
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•Zelinsky's Mobility Transition Model (1971)
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•Bauder's Regulation of Labor Markets (2006) suggests that the international migration of workers
is necessary for the survival of industrialized economies.
•

Modern Migrations
Industrialization encouraged migration wherever it appeared.
•Forced migration = the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (conflicts, natural
or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects)
(http://www.forcedmigration.org/about/whatisfm)
•
•Worldwide
•
•Europe

•Modern Migrations
•
•Until 1925
•From 1933 to 1948
•Migrations during and after the Cold War
•New expulsions

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•EUROPEAN MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICY: DEVELOPMENT AND KEY POLICY AREAS
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•Phase 1: 1957–1990
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•Phase 2: 1990–1999
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•Phase 3: since 1999
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•

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•Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
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•Dublin Convenction
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•Schengen System
•
•

Integration of Third-Country Nationals Living in the EU



Structure of immigrants