European Migration Network Asylum and Migration Glossary 3.0 a tool for better comparability produced by the European Migration Network October 2014 Home Affairs 2014 European Migration Network EUROPEAN COMMISSION Asylum and Migration Glossary 3.0 a tool for better comparability produced by the European Migration Network October 2014 Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged and the following text accompanies any reproduction: 'This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some terms are extracted.' The European Migration Network serves to meet the information needs of European Union institutions and of Member States’ authorities and institutions by providing up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on asylum and migration, with a view to supporting policy-making in the European Union in these areas. The EMN also serves to provide the general public with such information. Further information on the EMN, including its other outputs, as well as this Glossary, may be obtained from www.emn.europa.eu Disclaimer This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the EMN National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some terms are extracted. 3 Table of contents Foreword���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 A tool for better comparability������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 5 1. Introduction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 2. The European Migration Network�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 3. Method and approach followed for developing the EMN Glossary�����������������������������������������������7 4. Format of the EMN Glossary�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 Glossary Terms������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 10 Indexes in: English��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������315 French����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������322 German������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������326 Italian����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������330 Portuguese����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������334 Spanish������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������337 4 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Migration and asylum are complex and multifaceted policy fields. The opening of the EU to talented and highly skilled migrants to meet EU labour demand, international protection for those in need, and to ensure safe borders against organised crime, trafficking and smuggling in human beings and irregular migration have all taken on increased significance in recent years. To ensure effective legislative and policy responses to this significant demands, legislators and policy-makers at EU and national levels must have at their disposal up to date, reliable, factual information. The European Migration Network (EMN), coordinated by the European Commission, and active in all Member States and Norway, plays a significant role as a reliable source of such information across a wide range of contemporary topics. The EMN Glossary helps to facilitate coherent discussions across all of these actors by presenting information on specific topics that is underpinned by a common vocabulary, allowing a better understanding and comparability of migration and asylum phenomena, on the basis of a shared understanding. The EMN Glossary, both as a publication and on-line has been very well received by legislators, policymakers and practitioners alike across the EU. This third, revised edition contains almost 400 terms, with translations, taken principally from the EU acquis, of which almost 100 are new and more than 120 have been received, reviewed and revised to improve their clarity and comparability. A key priority for the coming years is to ensure coherent and effective implementation of existing instruments and to enhance practical cooperation between EU Member States. In order to support this objective, the EMN is a key instrument to for collecting and exchanging best practices on the implementation of the Home Affairs acquis. The Glossary version 3.0 will, without doubt, facilitate this role, and represents a tangible and practical tool to help the EU to address immigration challenges. This has been a significant achievement for the European Migration Network and I would like to personally extend my appreciation to the members of the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group who have steered the development of this Glossary Version 3.0, and to all the National Contact Points in the EMN for their support in verifying and validating the information presented. Matthias Ruete Director General for Migration and Home Affairs Foreword 5 1. Introduction The purpose of the European Migration Network (EMN) Glossary of terms relating to Asylum and Migration is inter alia to improve comparability between EU Member States through the use and common understanding of the terms and definitions contained herein. The Glossary is intended to serve as a useful European reference document for EMN National Contact Points (NCPs) and their national network members, policy-makers and other practitioners in the Member States, as well as EU institutions, in order to facilitate the exchange of information. It provides common terminology for the concepts included and thereby facilitates a precise discourse on asylum and migration matters, including in the media. The EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary 3.0 is an updated version of the EMN Glossary that was first published in January 2010 and later updated in January 2012. This third version contains almost 100 new entries and over 120 major amendments to existing ones to reflect new terminology and expressions, as well as evolutions in the usage of existing terms that have been introduced through the new legislation and policy on asylum and migration in the EU. It includes new terms introduced through the recast asylum acquis1 , the EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012–20162 and the terminology used in EMN studies that have been published since the EMN Glossary 2.0, amongst other key documents. 1 See DG HOME website for further details: www.emn.europa.eu 2 www.ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/doc_centre/crime/docs/ trafficking_in_human_beings_eradication-2012_2016_en.pdf Each glossary entry is comprised of a preferred term3 , a definition of the concept that this term represents, the source of the definition, plus notes and relationships to other terms and concepts included in the Glossary. In this third version, many definitions and some preferred terms have thus been amended. Many notes have been updated – and in many cases elaborated – to provide up-to-date information, to clarify the scope of the concept (and its understanding in different contexts) and to indicate web sources from which further information can be sought. Each glossary entry now illustrates many more relationships between terms – equivalence relations between synonyms, hierarchical relations with terms representing broader or narrower terms and associative relations between related terms, thus allowing users to easily navigate between related entries. All the preferred terms, as well as synonyms, acronyms and alternative ordering for the preferred term, can be found in an index at the end of the Glossary. A bibliography of sources is provided as an annex. The bibliography lists terms referenced in the source field as well as the notes and definitions. The Glossary was developed by the members of the EMN Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group. The EMN would therefore like to acknowledge the extensive efforts of the working group members and its appreciation for the permission given by other entities, specifically the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations (UN) to the use of terms and definitions that they had developed previously and which are duly referenced in the Glossary. Likewise, the EMN would like to thank representatives of the EU’s multilingual interinstitutional terminology database ‘Inter-Active Terminology for Europe’ (IATE) 4 for their technical support in updating the Glossary. In the subsequent sections, a brief overview of the EMN is given, followed by an outline of the methodology used to develop the Glossary and some guidance as to its presentation and usage. 3 According to the ISO standard 25964 a ‘preferred term (descriptor)’ is a term used to represent a concept. When two or more terms representing the same concept in the same language exist, one of them is designated a ‘preferred term’ under which the main entry in the Glossary (with definition, source and notes) is listed; the other(s) are listed under the same entry as synonyms and in the index to the Glossary. 4 www.iate.europa.eu A tool for better comparability 6 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 2. The European Migration Network The need to exchange information on all aspects of migration had already been identified in the initial development of a common EU Asylum and Migration Policy5 . To improve the exchange of information between and within Member States across the wide range of asylum and migration policy developments, information must be comparable between the Member States to the greatest possible extent, and for this a consistent use of terms is required. Council Decision 2008/381/EC of 14 May 2008 6 established a legal base for the European Migration Network. The purpose of the EMN is to meet the information needs of Union institutions and of Member States’ authorities and institutions by providing up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on asylum and migration, with a view to supporting policymaking in the European Union in these areas. The EMN also serves to provide the general public with such information. It is coordinated by the European Commission, which is assisted by two Service Providers, in cooperation with the National Contact Points (EMN NCPs) from each EU Member State 7 plus Norway. More information on the EMN, including its structure, activities, reports and studies, may be obtained from its website (www.emn.europa.eu). One of the main objectives of the EMN as outlined in Article 2(1c) of Council Decision 2008/381/EC is to improve the consistency and comparability of information between Member States. The development of a comprehensive glossary that identifies and describes different concepts central to asylum and migration policy in the EU is one of the main activities undertaken by the EMN to achieve this objective. 3. Method and approach followed for developing the EMN Glossary 3.1. Scope of the Glossary The EMN Glossary is a multilingual and multidisciplinary glossary for terms that are important in the field of asylum and migration. It has a focus on legal concepts deriving from the EU acquis, while at the same time acknowledging different understandings of terms in a more global or national context, or in different disciplines (e.g. demography, sociology, economics). Emphasis is given 5 Tampere Council Conclusions, available from: www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/tam_en.htm 6 Available at: www.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0516 7 Except Denmark. to terms relating to international protection and refugees, and legal migration, as well as irregular migration and return. In addition, terms that are relevant to asylum and migration, which pertain to fundamental rights, integration, equality and crossborder movement, are also included. The Glossary includes entries for European institutions, organisations and processes which play a key role in the European migration policy, including bodies contributing to the implementation of the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility – i.e. the external dimension of the EU’s policy on asylum and migration (e.g. Bali Process, Black Sea Synergy). Throughout the Glossary, wherever there is a reference to a phenomenon (e.g. migration), there is always a reference to the corresponding person (e.g. migrant). To limit redundancy for some terms, preference has been given to the term for either a person or the process, depending on which term is more commonly used. For example, ‘highly qualified migrant’ is a term that is more commonly used than ‘highly qualified migration’. There are some terms in the Glossary that have been added for the sake of completeness but which are no longer considered to be in current use, e.g. guest worker. In such instances, the rationale is highlighted in the notes. 3.2. Processes followed for updating the Glossary The Glossary was developed by the EMN’s Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group, which includes representatives from EMN National Contact Points (NCPs) and, in some cases, experts from EMN NCP networks, as well as a representative from the European Commission and the EMN Service Provider. Other experts from different European institutions, such as the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), IATE and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), also participated on specific issues. The EMN Glossary reflects – to the greatest extent possible – the most up-to-date developments in the field of asylum and migration, and the understanding of terms and concepts. In this way, the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group aims to support policy-makers at the cusp of defining new concepts relevant to the field. This published version of the Glossary is accompanied by an online and interactive version that will be regularly updated, and which is available via the EMN website. Readers are invited to suggest new terms and/or definitions for the Glossary, and to comment on existing ones, by contacting the EMN at: HOME-EMN@ec.europa.eu 7 3.3. Hierarchy of sources for defining terms As existing definitions in the field of asylum and migration may be vague, controversial or contradictory, and as there are, for many terms, no universally accepted definitions, the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group established a hierarchy of sources from which definitions should be selected, with definitions given in the EU acquis on asylum and immigration being prioritised above other definitions. The hierarchy of sources of the definitions was, therefore as follows: 1. EU directives/regulations/decisions and then any definitions given in European Commission communications, particularly those with proposals for directives; 2. other EU entities, including Eurostat, the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (FRONTEX), the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), the National Contact Points on Integration, EUROJUST and the European Police Office (EUROPOL); 3. European/international conventions, treaties and protocols (e.g. on smuggling, trafficking and forced labour from the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the International Criminal Court); 4. glossaries developed by international bodies, such as the ILO, IOM, OECD and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); 5. other relevant (EU) projects/entities (e.g. the European Union Observatory on Democracy8 , THESIM9 ). Some of the existing definitions of glossary entries have been modified so as to better reflect the usage of the term in the context of asylum and migration policy in the EU; where this is the case, it is indicated in the ‘source’ that the definition is ‘derived by’ the EMN. Likewise, some definitions had to be developed by the working group itself, as they could not be sourced from the references outlined above; in such cases the entry source indicates that the definition was ‘developed by’ the EMN. 8 www.eudo-citizenship.eu/databases/citizenship-glossary/glossary 9 Towards Harmonised European Statistics on International Migration (THESIM) – project website available on the website of the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL): www.uclouvain.be/en-7823.html 3.4. Definitions Each EMN glossary definition has been formulated according to the IATE standard, meaning that they can directly replace the term in any given text. For example, the term ‘applicant for international protection’ can be directly replaced in any text with its definition: ‘third-country national or a stateless person who has made an application for international protection in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken’. In due course, the EMN glossary terms will also be incorporated into the IATE database. Some terms are understood differently when they are used in a global context, an EU context or specific legal contexts (e.g. in the context of the Schengen Convention or Dublin Convention). In such cases, the context in which a term should be understood is indicated in the definition. Terms which have a specific linkage to asylum and migration issues but which can be understood in contexts other than asylum and migration (e.g. access to healthcare, school pupil, student, researcher) are defined specifically for the asylum and migration context. Terms that do not have an obvious link to asylum and migration (e.g. child care, civil war, (environmental) disaster, economic sector, education, language) have been omitted from the Glossary. As many definitions are derived from the EU acquis, they are, in most cases, valid for all EU and often for all EEA Member States and Switzerland. Where national definitions deviate from that of the Glossary, this is indicated in the notes. 3.5. Preferred terms and synonyms Where multiple interchangeable terms (synonyms) were available for a single concept, a ‘preferred term’ was selected and all the other possible terms (including quasi-synonyms and acronyms) were listed as synonyms. In some cases, the synonym is more common in an EU Member State than the ‘preferred term’ – e.g. ‘deportation’ is more commonly used than ‘removal’ in many EU Member States, even though ‘removal’ is the term used in EU legislation. In such cases, an explanatory note has been added to clarify national specificities. 8 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 4. Format of the EMN Glossary The development of the Glossary also included agreeing on a common approach with regard to the formatting of the terms and definitions, as outlined in this Section. 4.1. Order of terms The preferred terms are listed in (English) alphabetical order. Where the term is an expression or compound word (i.e. comprised of more than one word), the entry reflects the ordering of the term in common usage – e.g. economic migration or applicant for international protection. In the previous version of the Glossary, some terms were ordered in such a way that kept the same theme together in the Glossary – e.g. ‘migration (economic)’ and ‘migration (forced)’. The entry for ‘migration (economic)’ in version 2.0 can now be found under ‘economic migration’ in version 3.0. Entries are accessible using the previous alternative word ordering via the index at the back of this Glossary. 4.2. Nominal agreement and gender neutrality in the Glossary Terms are listed in the singular (not plural) and, to the greatest extent possible, both the terms and their definitions are gender neutral. For consistency with the IATE database, the gender-neutral plural pronouns ‘they’, ‘them’, ‘their’ have been used throughout, even when referring to the singular. While some EU languages employ a gender system of agreement for nouns (e.g. in German, Migrant for a male migrant and Migrantin for a female migrant), for simplicity and for consistency with the EMN Glossary version 2.0 only one gender form of such terms (the most generic) is used for these entries. 4.3. Use of ISO standards for listing EU Member States and EU languages All reference to EU and EEA Member States (and Switzerland) and their languages, whether in the definition, notes or sub-heading, uses abbreviations according to the country codes of the ISO standard 3166-alpha 10 . All other countries and languages are mentioned in full. It should be noted that the ISO codes for languages often differ from the countries in which they are spoken – i.e. Sweden is ‘SE’ whereas Swedish is ‘SV’, but both France and French are abbreviated to ‘FR’. 10 www.iso.org/iso/country_codes.htm 4.4. Source of information of notes Unless indicated to the contrary, all text appearing in the note has the same source as the definition. 4.5. Translations Whilst the Glossary has been developed in English by the multilingual members of the working group, another aspect, mentioned previously, was the need for translations. One feature of the EMN Glossary is to have translations of the terms into other EU Member State languages plus Norwegian. Version 3.0 contains translations of terms into 22 of the EU’s 24 lan- guages11 . The translations are, to the greatest possible extent, direct translations of the English term, or otherwise a translation that better reflects the definition given. For some terms, no translation was available, either because the English term has been borrowed into the language and is more commonly used, or because the term is not used in a national context. In the case of the former (English term preferred), this is indicated under the field for the translation as ‘no usual translation’. In the latter case (where the term is not used at all in a national context), this is indicated by ‘no translation’. Conversely, some terms have more than one translation available in the national context, depending on whether reference was being made to national law or the EU acquis. In these cases, more translations have been provided, with an indication as to the context (national or EU) in which they are used. In cases where there are no such indications, but more than one translation is given (separated by a ‘/’), the translations can be used synonymously. The acronyms used in the Glossary for the translations refer to the Member State languages. EU Member States having the same nominal language (e.g. AT/DE/LU, BE/FR/LU or BE/NL) are grouped together under the language ‘DE’, FR’ and ‘NL’ and any national deviations from the translation provided are indicated between parentheses – e.g. the term asylum seeker is translated as Asylwerber in Austria (AT), Asylbewerber in Germany (DE) and in the context of the EU acquis, and in Luxembourg (LU), Asylan‑ tragsteller. A comma is used to separate synonyms of the translation in the same nominal language12 . 11 All except for Croatian and Danish. 12 Note that when the Norwegian terms differ in the two official versions of written Norwegian, the two terms have been given in the following format ‘...(b) / …(n)’. 9 When there is variation between countries in the translation of a term (e.g. between AT, DE and LU), either the form used in official language versions of EU law is used or where the term is not found in the EU acquis, the most used term is chosen (e.g. used in AT and DE, but not in LU) to avoid there being multiple terms provided per language. 4.6. Relationships between terms Most of the entries listed in the Glossary list a number of terms related to the preferred term through an equivalence, hierarchical or associative relationship. ■■ An equivalence relationship is a relationship between two terms that represent the same concept and which are therefore (virtually) interchangeable. In the Glossary, synonyms have an equivalence relationship and are understood to also include terms that may represent a slightly different concept (i.e. quasi-synonyms), as well as acronyms and abbreviations. All synonyms are listed in the index. ■■ A hierarchical relationship is a relationship between a pair of concepts in which one falls within the scope of the other – see broader term and narrower term. A broader term indicates the relationship between a more generic and a more specific term. For example, ‘economic migrant’ is a broader term of the term ‘labour migrant’, which in turn is the narrower term. ■■ An associative relationship is a relationship between a pair of concepts that are not related hierarchically but which share a strong semantic or conceptual connection. Such related terms are not related in a hierarchical manner but have an association, which may help users to understand wider contexts and meanings of the terms in which they have an interest. 4.7. References to other terms in the Glossary Where a preferred term existing and defined elsewhere in the Glossary is used in a particular definition or by an indicated (hierarchical or associative) relationship (see 4.6 above), then this term is indicated in bold the first time it is used in the definition and in the notes. For example, the definition for the term long-term resident is given as ‘A third-country national who has long-term resident status as provided for under Articles 4 to 7 of Council Directive 2003/109/EC’; ‘third-country national’ is in bold as it is defined elsewhere in the Glossary. 10 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Action by which a person seeks to avoid legal proceedings by not remaining available to the relevant authorities or to the court. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘risk of absconding’, Art. 3(7) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Narrower term ★★ risk of absconding absconding BG укриване CS skrývání se DE Untertauchen EL απόδραση ES fuga ET kõrvalehoidumine FI pakeneminen FR fuite GA éalú s.; éalaitheach a. HU megszökik IT fuga LT pasislėpimas LV aizbēgšana MT Ħarba / Ħrib / Kontumaċja NL onderduiken PL ucieczka PT fuga / evasão RO sustragere SK útek SL pobeg SV avvikande NO unndragelse (b) / unndraging (n) A 11 Definition An expedited procedure to examine an application for international protection which is either already deemed manifestly unfounded, which involves serious national security or public order concerns, or which is a subsequent application. Source Derived by EMN from the Council of Europe’s Guidelines on human rights protection in the context of accelerated asylum procedures 2009 Synonyms ★★ accelerated procedure for international protection ★★ speedy asylum procedure ★★ speedy international protection procedure Notes 1. As per the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe’s guidelines on human rights protection in the context of accelerated asylum procedures of 1 July 2009, the procedure derogates from normally applicable procedural timescales and / or procedural guarantees with a view to expediting decision-making. For more information see https://wcd.coe.int/ ViewDoc.jsp?id=1469829&Site=CM 2. Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) recognises, in Recital 18 of the Preamble and in Art. 31(2) that it is in the interest of both Member States and applicants for international protection for decisions to be taken as soon as possible. This Directive does not provide for minimum or maximum time limits for taking a decision on applications for international protection nor does it define the term ‘accelerated procedure’. However, Art. 31(2) does make clear that the speed of the asylum procedure may not prejudice ‘an adequate and complete examination’ of the asylum claim. 3. Accelerated procedures must comply with the basic principles and guarantees laid down in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU and may be conducted only in limited cases laid down in Art. 31(8) of the Directive. accelerated international protection procedure BG ускорено производство за предоставяне на международна закрила CS zrychlené řízení o mezinárodní ochraně DE beschleunigtes Verfahren für internationalen Schutz EL ES tramitación de urgencia ET kiirendatud rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva nopeutettu menettely FR procédure accélérée de traitement d’une demande de protection internationale GA Nós Imeachta Luathaithe um Chosaint Idirnáisiúnta HU gyorsított menedékkérelmi eljárás IT procedura accelerata di protezione internazionale LT paspartinta prieglobsčio procedūra LV paātrināta starptautiskās aizsardzības piešķiršanas procedūra MT Proċedura aċċellerata għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL versnelde asielprocedure PL procedura przyspieszona w sprawie o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej PT RO procedura accelerata SK zrýchlený postup posudzovania žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu SL pospešen postopek za pridobitev statusa mednarodne zaščite SV påskyndat prövningsförfarande av ansökan om internationellt skydd NO hurtigprosedyre for behandling av asylsøknader (b) / hurtigprosedyre for handsaming av asylsøknader (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 12 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Synonyms ★★ healthcare benefits ★★ medical benefits Broader term ★★ social protection benefits Notes 1. In EU Member States, the scope of healthcare to which a third-country national has access depends on their residence or employment status. For further information see EMN: Migrants access to social security and healthcare: policies and practice, 2014. 2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined by national law. 3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same eligibility conditions as nationals of the Member State that has granted such protection. 4. Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. Asylum seekers are entitled to a basic treatment for emergency care and essential treatment of illnesses and of serious mental disorder at no cost in most countries. However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States. 5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011. access to healthcare BG достъп до здравни гриижи CS přístup ke zdravotní péči DE Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung EL πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη ES acceso a la asistencia sanitaria ET ligipääs tervishoiule FI oikeus terveydenhuoltoon FR accès aux soins de santé GA Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte HU a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése IT accesso all’assistenza sanitaria LT sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų prieinamumas LV piekļuve veselības aprūpei MT Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa/ għall-kura sanitarja NL toegang tot gezondheidszorg PL dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej PT RO acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul medical SK prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti SL dostop do zdravstvenega varstva SV tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård NO tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester (n) Definition Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country nationals (migrants, applicants for international protection and refugees) in EU Member States and in their countries of origin. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 11 of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) and Art. 30 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) A 13 Definition A place used for the collective housing of applicants for international protection. Source Art. 2(i) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) Broader term ★★ reception facilities Related term ★★ reception centre Note For more information on categories of reception facilities available in EU Member States, see EMN: The Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2014. accommodation centre BG център за настаняване CS pobytové středisko DE Aufnahmeeinrichtung EL κέντρο φιλοξενίας ES centro de acogida ET majutuskeskus FI vastaanottokeskus FR centre d’hébergement GA lárionad cóiríochta (gu & ai: lárionaid chóiríochta) HU befogadó állomás IT struttura alloggiativa (per richiedenti asilo) LT apgyvendinimo centras LV izmitināšanas centrs MT Ċentru ta’ akkomodazzjoni NL opvangcentrum (syn: asielzoekerscentrum) PL ośrodek dla osób ubiegających się o status uchodźcy PT centro de acolhimento RO centru de cazare şi proceduri SK pobytový tábor (national law) / ubytovacie zariadenie SL nastanitveni center SV förläggning NO asylmottak / mottakssenter Definition A series of changes in cultural mores (ideas, words, values, norms, behaviour, institutions) resulting from direct and continuous contact and interaction between groups of different cultures, particularly through migratory movements or economic exchange, the media and other channels. Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 and IOM Glossary on Migration, 1st ed., 2004 Synonym ★★ inculturation Narrower terms ★★ assimilation ★★ integration acculturation BG акултурация CS akulturace DE Akkulturation EL εκπολιτισμό ES aculturación ET kultuuriline kohanemine FI akkulturaatio, sopeutuminen vieraaseen kulttuuriin FR acculturation GA athchultúrú HU akkulturáció IT acculturazione LT akultūracija LV akulturācija MT Akkulturazzjoni NL acculturatie PL akulturacja PT RO aculturalizare SK akulturácia SL akulturacija SV ackulturation NO assimilasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 14 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Any mode of becoming a national, i.e. by birth or at any time after birth, automatic or non-automatic, based on attribution, declaration, option or application. Source EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality Broader term ★★ citizenship Narrower term ★★ naturalisation Related terms ★★ ius sanguinis ★★ ius soli Notes 1. Art. 3(d) of Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) refers or relates to the acquisition of citizenship to those persons having their usual residence in the territory of the Member State and having acquired during the reference year the citizenship of the Member State and having formerly held the citizenship of another Member State or a third country or having formerly been a stateless person. 2. One of the possible ways of acquiring citizenship is through naturalisation, which refers more to the decision / administrative process by the relevant authorities for the granting of nationality. acquisition of citizenship BG придобиване на гражданство CS nabytí státního občanství DE Erwerb der Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft EL κτήση ιθαγένειας ES adquisición y atribución de nacionalidad ET kodakondsuse omandamine / kodakondsuse saamine FI kansalaisuuden saaminen FR acquisition de la citoyenneté GA saoránacht a fháil HU állampolgárság megszerzése IT acquisizione di cittadinanza LT pilietybės įgijimas LV pilsonības iegūšana MT Ksib ta’ ċittadinanza NL verkrijging van het staatsburgerschap PL nabywanie obywatelstwa PT aquisição de nacionalidade RO obtinerea cetateniei / dobandirea cetateniei SK nadobudnutie štátneho občianstva / získanie štátneho občianstva SL pridobitev državljanstva SV förvärv av medborgarskap NO erverv av statsborgerskap (b) / erverv av statsborgarskap (n) A 15 Definition In the global context, acts of human rights abuses or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a systematic or repetitive element. In the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951, acts which are: (a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Art. 15(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights; or (b) an accumulation of various measures, including violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in (a). Source Global context: UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms EU context: Art. 9 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ persecution Related terms ★★ actor of persecution ★★ group persecution ★★ serious harm Note According to Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), acts of persecution can, inter alia, take the form of: (a) acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence; (b) legal, administrative, police, and / or judicial measures which are in themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory manner; (c) prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory; (d) denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment; (e) prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Art. 12(2); (f) acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature. act of persecution BG действие на преследване CS akt pronásledování DE Verfolgungshandlung EL πράξεις δίωξης ES actos de persecución ET tagakiusamisakt FI vainoksi katsottavat teot FR actes de persécution GA gníomh géarleanúna (iolra: gníomhartha géarleanúna) HU üldöz(tet)ésnek minősülő cselekmények IT atti di persecuzione LT persekiojimo veiksmas LV vajāšanas darbība MT Att ta’ persekuzzjoni NL daden van vervolging PL prześladowanie PT actos de perseguição RO act de persecutie SK čin prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania SL dejanje preganjanja SV förföljelse NO forfølgelseshandlinger (b) / forfølgingshandlingar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 16 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Any person causing persecution, such as: (a) the State; (b) parties or organisations controlling the State or a substantial part of the territory of the State; (c) non-State actors, if it can be demonstrated that the actors mentioned in (a) and (b), including international organisations, are unable or unwilling to provide protection against persecution or serious harm as defined in Art. 7 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Qualification Directive). Source Derived by EMN from Art. 6 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ persecution Related terms ★★ act of persecution ★★ group persecution actor of persecution BG субект на преследване CS původce pronásledování DE Akteur, von dem eine Verfolgung oder ein ernsthafter Schaden ausgehen kann EL φορείς δίωξης ES agentes de persecución ET tagakiusaja FI vainon harjoittajat FR acteur de la persécution GA gníomhaí géarleanúna (iolra: gníomhaithe géarleanúna) HU üldöz(tet)és forrásai / alanyai IT responsabili di persecuzione LT persekiojimo vykdytojas LV vajāšanas dalībnieks MT Aġent / Awtur t’att ta’ persekuzzjoni NL daders van vervolging PL prześladowca PT agentes de perseguição RO agent de persecutie SK pôvodca prenasledovania / aktér prenasledovania SL storilec preganjanja SV aktörer som utövar förföljelse NO aktører som er ansvarlig for forfølgelse / aktører som utøver forfølgelse (b) / aktørar som er ansvarlege for forfølging / aktørar som utøver forfølging (n) Definition Any person (individual or legal) providing effective and non-temporary protection against persecution or serious harm – i.e. the State or parties or organisations, including international organisations, controlling the State or a substantial part of the territory of the State provided they are willing and able to offer protection. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 7 of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ protection actor of protection BG субект на закрила CS no translation DE Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann EL φορείς προστασίας ES agentes de protección ET kaitset tagav isik FI suojelun tarjoajat FR acteur de la protection GA gníomhaí cosanta (iolra: gníomhaithe cosanta) HU a védelem szereplői IT soggetto che offre protezione LT apsaugos teikėjas LV aizsardzības dalībnieks MT Aġent t’att ta’ protezzjoni NL actoren van bescherming PL podmiot udzielający ochrony PT agentes de protecção RO agent de protectie SK aktéri ochrany SL akter nudenja zaščite SV aktörer som ger skydd NO aktører som gir beskyttelse (b) / aktørar som gjev vern (n) A 17 Definition Process of modifying some or all of one’s beliefs and / or attitudes so as to suit new conditions of life. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Narrower terms ★★ economic adaptation ★★ linguistic adaptation ★★ occupational adaptation ★★ school adaptation Related term ★★ integration adaptation BG приспособяване CS adaptace DE Anpassung / Adaptation EL προσαρμογή ES adaptación ET kohanemine FI sopeutuminen FR adaptation GA oiriúnú HU adaptáció / alkalmazkodás IT adattamento LT adaptacija LV pielāgošanās MT Addattament NL aanpassing PL adaptacja PT adaptação RO adaptare SK prispôsobenie / adaptácia SL prilagajanje / adaptacija SV anpassning NO tilpasning (b) / tilpassing (n) Definition The lawful entry of an alien onto the territory of a State after inspection and authorisation by an immigration officer. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘admission’ in IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Broader term ★★ legal entry Note In countries signatory to the Schengen Agreement, only citizens from countries which are not signatory to the Schengen Agreement have to go through the admission process, whereas in non-Schengen countries all non-nationals have to be admitted. admission onto the territory BG допускане на територията CS povolení vstupu na území DE Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet EL εισδοχής στο έδαφος ES entrada legal al territorio ET riiki lubamine FI maahantulon salliminen FR admission sur le territoire GA cead isteach sa chríoch HU egy állam területére történő beutazás IT ammissione sul territorio LT įleidimas į teritoriją LV uzņemšana teritorijā MT Dħul fit-territorju NL toegang tot het grondgebied PL przyjęcie / dopuszczenie na terytorium PT RO admisie pe teritoriu SK povolenie vstupu na územie štátu SL (zakoniti) vstop na ozemlje SV tillstånd att resa in i landet NO adgang til riket (b) / tilgjenge til riket (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 18 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the context of dependants, the statutory process of terminating legal rights and duties between the child and the natural parents, and substituting similar rights and duties between the child and the adoptive parents. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Narrower term ★★ adoption of convenience adoption (of a child) BG осиновяване CS osvojení DE Adoption EL υιοθεσία ES adopción ET lapsendamine FI adoptio FR adoption GA uchtú; uchtáil  HU örökbefogadás  IT adozione LT įvaikinimas LV adopcija  MT Addozzjoni NL adoptie PL adopcja PT adopção RO adoptare SK osvojenie / adopcia SL posvojitev SV adoption NO adopsjon Definition In the context of accords, in public international law, the formal act by which negotiating parties establish the form and content of a treaty. The treaty is adopted through a specific act expressing the will of the states and the international organisations participating in the negotiation of that treaty, e.g. by voting on the text, initialling, signing, etc. Adoption may also be the mechanism used to establish the form and content of amendments to a treaty, or regulations under a treaty. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 adoption (of legal acts) BG приемане CS přijetí DE Adoption EL υιοθεσία ES adopción ET (õigusakti) vastuvõtmine FI adoptio FR adoption GA glacadh  HU elfogadás  IT adozione LT (susitarimo) priėmimas LV pieņemšana  MT Aċċettazzjoni NL goedkeuring PL przyjęcie PT adopção RO adoptie SK prijatie SL sprejetje SV antagande NO godkjenning A 19 Definition An adoption (of a child) contracted for the sole purpose of enabling the person adopted to enter or reside in a Member State. Source Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Broader term ★★ adoption (of a child) Related terms ★★ civil partnership of convenience ★★ marriage of convenience ★★ partnership of convenience adoption of convenience BG no translation CS účelové osvojení DE Scheinadoption EL εικονικού υιοθεσιών / υιοθεσιών της εύκολα ES adopción de conveniencia ET mugavuslapsendamine FI harhautustarkoituksessa toteutettu adoptio FR adoption de complaisance GA uchtú áise HU névleges örökbefogadás IT adozione fittizia LT fiktyvus įvaikinimas LV fiktīva adopcija MT Addozzjoni ta’ konvenjenza NL schijnadoptie PL adopcja fikcyjna PT adopção de conveniência RO adoptie de convenienta SK účelové osvojenie SL posvojitev iz koristoljubja SV skenadoption NO proformaadopsjon Definition Every human being aged 18 years or more unless, under the law applicable to the adult, majority is attained later. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘child’ in EMN Glossary Related terms ★★ child ★★ minor Note Adulthood can be defined in terms of biology, psychological adult development, law, personal character or social status. For the purposes of this glossary, a more legal definition is used. adult BG възрастен CS dospelá osoba DE Erwachsener EL ενήλικας ES adulto ET täisealine FI aikuinen FR adulte GA aosach HU felnőtt IT adulto / maggiorenne LT pilnametis LV pieaugušais MT Adult(a) NL volwassene PL osoba pełnoletnia PT adulto / maior de idade RO adult SK dospelá osoba SL odrasel SV vuxen NO voksen (b) / vaksen (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 20 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A reference network of migration research institutions and governmental entities dealing with migration in the six regions of the Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Group of States, namely West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, designed to produce data on SouthSouth ACP migration flows for civil society and policy-makers, and enhance research capacities in ACP countries through networking and cooperation among organisations. Source Website of the ACP Observatory on Migration Synonyms ★★ ACP ★★ ACP Observatory on Migration Related terms ★★ European Migration Network ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. The ACP was established in 2010 on the initiative of the Secretariat of the ACP Group of States, empowered by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and funded by the European Union with the financial support of CH. 2. Activities are undertaken in 12 pilot countries (Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Tanzania, Timor‑Leste and Trinidad and Tobago). 3. For more information see: http://www.acpmigration-obs.org/ Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration BG Обсерватория по миграция за страните от Африка, Карибите и Тихоокенския басейн CS Observatoř pro migraci států Afriky, Karibiku a Pacifiku DE Beobachtungsstelle für Migration in Afrika, in der Karibik und im pazifischen Raum EL Αφρική , Καραϊβικής, Ειρηνικός παρατηρητήριο για τη μετανάστευση ES Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe Pacífico ET Aafrika, Kariibi mere ja Vaikse ookeani piirkonna riikide rände vaatluskeskus FI Afrikan, Karibian ja Tyynenmeren alueen muuttoliikkeiden seurantakeskus FR Observatoire Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique sur les migrations GA Faireachlann Stáit na hAfraice, Mhuir Chairib agus an Aigéin Chiúin um Imirce, Faireachlann ACC um Imirce HU Afrikai, Karibi és Csendes-óceáni Migrációs Megfigyelő Központ IT Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi e Pacifico sulle migrazioni LT Afrikos, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno regiono migracijos stebėsenos tinklas LV Āfrikas, Karību jūras reģiona un Klusā okeāna valstu migrācijas novērošanas centrs MT Osservatorju (L-) tal-Afrika, Karibew u Paċifiku fuq il-Migrazzjoni NL Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration PL Obserwatorium Migracji państw Afryki, Karaibów i Pacyfiku PT RO Observator cu privire la migratie Africa Caraibe Pacific SK Observatórium Skupiny afrických, karibských a tichomorských štátov pre migráciu SL Afriško - Karibsko - Pacifiški observatorij za migracije SV Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no usual translation) NO Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no usual translation) A 21 Definition A partnership that provides comprehensive responses to the issues of migration, mobility and employment, in the interest of all partners, with the particular objectives to create more and better jobs for Africa and to better manage migration flows. Source Website of the Africa-EU Partnership Synonyms ★★ Africa-EU MME Partnership ★★ MME Partnership Broader term ★★ Africa-EU Partnership Related terms ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. The MME Partnership was launched during the 2nd Africa-EU Summit of Heads of State and Government in December 2007 in Lisbon, where the Joint EU-Africa Strategy and the First Action Plan (2008-2010) were adopted. 2. The partnership aims to ensure sustainable development and the implementation of relevant international agreements and declarations, relying in particular on the Tripoli Declaration on Migration and Development, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, especially Women and Children and the Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan of Action for Promotion of Employment and Poverty Alleviation. 3. It covers one of the eight areas of cooperation of the Africa-EU (Strategic) Partnership, which is the formal channel through which the European Union and the African Union work together, and which provides the overarching long-term framework for Africa-EU relations. 4. For more information, see: http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/ Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership BG Партньорство за миграция, мобилност и заетост между страните на Африка и ЕС CS Partnerství EU-Afrika pro migraci, mobilitu a zaměstnanost DE Afrika-EU Partnerschaft in den Bereichen Migration, Mobilität und Beschäftigung EL και της εταιρικής σχέσης Αφρικής-ΕΕ για την μετανάστευση την κινητικότητα και την απασχόληση ES Asociación África-UE sobre migración, movilidad y empleo ET Aafrika-EL migratsiooni, mobiilsuse ja tööhõive partnerlus FI Afrikan ja EU:n kumppanuus muuttoliikkeen, liikkuvuuden ja työllisyyden aloilla FR Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, la mobilité et l’emploi GA Comhpháirtíocht an AE agus na hAfraice maidir le hImirce, Soghluaisteacht agus Fostaíocht HU Afrika-EU közötti Migrációs, Mobilitási és Foglalkoztatási Partnerség IT Partenariato Africa-UE in materia di Migrazione, Mobilità e Occupazione LT ES-Afrikos partnerystė migracijos, mobilumo ir užimtumo srityse LV Āfrikas un ES Migrācijas, mobilitātes un nodarbinātības partnerība MT Sħubija bejn l-Afrika u l-UE dwar Migrazzjoni, Mobilità u Impiegi NL Afrika-EU-Partnerschap inzake migratie, mobiliteit en werkgelegenheid PL Partnerstwo UE-Afryka na rzecz migracji, mobilności i zatrudnienia PT Parceria Africa-UE para as migrações, mobilidade e emprego RO Parteneriatul Africa-EU cu privire la migraţie. mobilitate şi angajare SK Partnesrtvo Afrika - EÚ v oblasti migrácie, mobility a zamestnanosti SL Afrika - EU Partnerstvo za migracije, mobilnost in zaposlovanje SV MME-partnerskapet (migration, rörlighet och sysselsättning) NO Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og sysselsettingspartnerskap (b) / Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og sysselsetjingspartnarskap A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 22 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Process by which authorities seek to establish the chronological age, or range of age, of a person in order to determine whether an individual is a child or not. Source Derived by EMN from EASO: Age assessment practice in Europe, 2013 Related terms ★★ child ★★ minor Notes 1. Art. 4 (3) of Council Resolution of 26 June 1997 on unaccompanied minors states that in principle, unaccompanied asylum-seekers claiming to be minors must produce evidence of their age. If such evidence is not available or serious doubt persists, Member States may carry out an age assessment. Age assessment should be carried out objectively. For such purposes, Member States may have a medical age-test carried out by qualified medical personnel, with the consent of the minor, a specially appointed adult representative or institution. 2. According to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 6, the identification of a child as an unaccompanied and separated child (UASC) includes age assessment, which should take into account physical appearance, but also psychological maturity. The assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child, giving due respect to human dignity. 3. Age assessment can include a variety of processes or procedures either undertaken singularly or in combination, such as: analysis of documentary evidence, interview, X-ray, physical or other form of medical examination. age assessment BG оценка на възрастта CS určení věku DE Altersfeststellung EL ektímisis tis ilikías ES determinación de la edad ET vanuse määramine FI iän määrittäminen / iän selvittäminen FR détermination de l’âge GA measúnú aoise HU kormeghatározás IT accertamento dell’età LT amžiaus nustatymas LV vecuma noteikšana MT Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-età NL leeftijdsonderzoek PL ustalenie / ocena wieku PT RO evaluarea varstei SK posúdenie veku SL ocenjevanje starosti SV åldersbedömning NO aldersvurdering A 23 Definition A visa valid for transit through the international transit areas of one or more airports of the Member States. Source Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Broader term ★★ visa Related terms ★★ long-stay visa ★★ short-stay visa airport transit visa BG виза за летищен транзит CS letištní průjezdní vízum DE Visum für den Flughafentransit EL θεώρηση διέλευσης από αερολιμένα ES visado de tránsito aeroportuario ET lennujaama transiidiviisa FI lentokentän kauttakulkuviisumi FR visa de transit aéroportuaire GA víosa idirthurais aerfoirt HU repülőtéri tranzit vízum IT visto di transito aeroportuale LT oro uosto tranzitinė viza LV lidostas tranzītvīza MT Viża għat-transitu fl-ajruport NL luchthaventransitvisum PL lotniskowa wiza tranzytowa PT visto de trânsito aeroportuário RO viza de tranzit aeroportuar SK letiskové tranzitné vízum SL letališki tranzitni vizum SV visering för flygplatstransitering NO transittvisum for lufthavn (b) / transittvisum for lufthamn (n) Definition In the global context, a person who is not a national (native or citizen) of a given State. In the EU context, a person who is not a national of a Member State of the European Union. Source Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 EU context: Schengen acquis Synonyms ★★ foreigner ★★ non-citizen ★★ non-national Related terms ★★ non-EU national ★★ third-country national Note The more frequently used term in the EU context is thirdcountry national. alien BG чужденец CS cizinec; cizinec ze třetí země DE Ausländer EL αλλοδαπός ES extranjero ET välismaalane FI ulkomaalainen FR étranger GA eachtrannach HU külföldi IT straniero LT užsienietis LV ārzemnieks MT Persuna barranija / għariba NL vreemdeling PL cudzoziemiec PT estrangeiro RO străin SK cudzinec SL tujec SV utlänning NO utlending / utenlandsk borger (b) / utlending / utanlandsk borgar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 24 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Non-custodial measures used to monitor and / or limit the movement of third-country nationals in advance of compulsory return or deciding on the individual’s right to remain in the Member State, such as regular reporting, the surrender of a financial guarantee or travel documents, electronic monitoring. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 8(4) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) Related term ★★ detention Notes 1. Alternatives to detention usually provide more favourable (‘less coercive’) conditions for the potential detainee, and may also be more cost-efficient. They are still subject to human rights standards. 2. Reception facilities can be considered an alternative to detention only in cases where the individual concerned has to report regularly to the competent authorities, or if there are residency requirements. 3. For further information see EMN: Use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014. alternative to detention BG алтернатива на задържане CS alternativa k zajištění DE Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Inhaftnahme, Haftalternative; Alternative zur Schubhaft / gelinderes Mittel (AT) EL τα μη στερητικά της ελευθερίας εναλλακτικά ES alternativas al internamiento ET kinnipidamise alternatiivid FI säilöönotolle vaihtoehtoiset turvaamistoimet FR alternative à la détention / rétention GA malairt ar choinneáil (iolra: malairtí ar choinneáil) HU a fogvatartás alternatívái IT disposizione alternativa al trattenimento LT alternatyvi sulaikymui priemonė LV alternatīva aizturēšanai MT Alternattiva għad-detenzjoni NL alternatief voor bewaring PL alternatywa wobec zatrzymania PT RO alternativa la masura detentiei SK alternatíva k zaisteniu / alternatíva zaistenia SL alternativa k pridržanju / alternativa k omejitvi gibanja SV alternativ till förvar NO alternativ til forvaring A 25 Definition A third-country national or a stateless person who has made an application for international protection in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken. Source Art. 2(i) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Narrower terms ★★ asylum seeker ★★ applicant in need of special procedural guarantees ★★ applicant with special reception needs ★★ examination of an application for international protection ★★ rejected applicant for international protection Related terms ★★ beneficiary of international protection ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection applicant for international protection BG кандидат за международна закрила CS žadatel o mezinárodní ochranu DE Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz EL αιτών διεθνή προστασία ES solicitante de protección internacional ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja FI kansainvälistä suojelua hakeva FR demandeur de protection internationale GA iarratasóir ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta HU menedékkérő IT richiedente protezione internazionale LT prieglobsčio prašytojas LV pieteikuma iesniedzējs, kas lūdz starptautisko aizsardzību MT Applikant(a) għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL persoon die om internationale bescherming verzoekt PL wnioskodawca o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej PT requerente de protecção internacional RO solicitant al protectiei internationale SK žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis) SL prosilec za mednarodno zaščito SV sökande av internationellt skydd NO person som søker om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / person som søkjer om internasjonalt vern (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 26 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An applicant whose ability to benefit from the rights and obligations provided for in Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) is limited due to individual circumstances. Source Art. 2(d) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Broader term ★★ applicant for international protection Related term ★★ applicant with special reception needs applicant in need of special procedural guarantees BG кандидат, който се нуждае от специални процедурни гаранции CS žadatel, který potřebuje zvláštní procesní záruky DE Antragsteller, der besondere Verfahrensgarantien benötigt EL αιτών που χρήζει ειδικών διαδικαστικών εγγυήσεων ES solicitante que necesita garantías procedimentales especiales ET spetsiaalseid menetlustagatisi vajav taotleja FI hakija, joka tarvitsee erityisiä menettelyllisiä takeita FR demandeur nécessitant des garanties procédurales spéciales GA iarratasóir a bhfuil sainráthaíochtaí nós imeachta de dhíth air HU különleges eljárási garanciákat igénylő kérelmező IT richiedente che necessita di garanzie procedurali particolari LT prašytojas, kuriam reikia specialių procedūrinių garantijų LV pieteikuma iesniedzējs, kuram nepieciešamas īpašas procesuālās garantijas MT Applikant(a) bi ħtieġa / fil-bżonn ta’ garanziji proċedurali speċjali NL verzoeker die bijzondere procedurele waarborgen behoeft PL wnioskodawca wymagający specjalnych gwarancji proceduralnych PT requerente com necessidade de garantias processuais especiais RO solicitant care mecesita garantii procedurale speciale SK žiadateľ, ktorý potrebuje osobitné procesné záruky (EU acquis) SL prosilec, ki potrebuje posebna postopkovna jamstva SV sökande i behov av särskilda förfarandegarantier NO søker som har behov for særskilt saksbehandlingsprosedyre (b) / søkjar som treng særskild sakshandsamingsprosedyre (n) A 27 Definition A vulnerable person, in accordance with Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU, who is in need of special guarantees in order to benefit from the rights and obligations provided for in Council Directive 2013/33/EU. Source Art. 2(k) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) Broader terms ★★ applicant for international protection ★★ vulnerable person Related term ★★ applicant in need of special procedural guarantees applicant with special reception needs BG кандидат със специални потребности за приемане CS žadatel se zvláštními potřebami při přijetí DE Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedürfnissen bei der Aufnahme EL αιτών με ειδικές ανάγκες υποδοχής ES solicitante con necesidades de acogida particulares ET taotleja, kes vajab vastuvõtu eritingimusi FI hakija, jolla on erityisiä vastaanottotarpeita FR demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers en matière d’accueil GA iarratasóir a bhfuil sainriachtanais fáiltithe aige HU különleges befogadási igényekkel rendelkező kérelmező IT richiedente con esigenze di accoglienza particolari LT specialių priėmimo poreikių turintis prašytojas LV pieteikuma iesniedzējs ar īpašām uzņemšanas vajadzībām MT Applikant(a) bi bżonnijiet speċjali ta’ akkoljenza NL persoon met bijzondere opvangbehoeften PL wnioskodawca o szczególnych potrzebach w zakresie przyjmowania PT requerente com necessidades de acolhimento especiais RO solicitant cu nevoi speciale de primire SK žiadateľ s osobitnými potrebami pri prijímaní (EU acquis) SL prosilec s posebnimi sprejemnimi potrebami SV sökande med särskilda mottagandebehov NO søker som har behov for særskilte innkvarteringsforhold (b) / søkjar som treng særskilde innkvarteringstilhøve (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 28 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An application made by a foreigner or a stateless person which can be understood as a request for protection under the Geneva Convention of 1951 or national refugee law. Source Derived by EMN from the definition in Art. 2 (b) of Council Directive 2003/9/EC (Reception Conditions Directive) Synonym ★★ asylum application Broader term ★★ application for international protection Narrower term ★★ unfounded application for international protection Notes 1. In most Member States this term is understood as a synonym to application for international protection following the adoption of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). However, UK and IE, which have not adopted the single procedure, continue to use the term ‘application for asylum’ for an application for protection under the Geneva Convention only. In DE the term is still used to include, in addition to the application for international protection according the Qualification Directive, also the application according to the national legislation, Art. 16a Basic Law. 2. Outside EU legislation and in everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international protection’. 3. According to Protocol 29 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of a Member State is normally not taken into consideration. In practice, non-EU countries can receive applications for asylum from EU Member States. application for asylum BG молба за убежище CS žádost o azyl DE Asylantrag EL αίτηση ασύλου ES solicitud de asilo ET varjupaigataotlus FI turvapaikkahakemus FR demande d’asile GA iarratas ar thearmann HU menedékjog iránti kérelem IT domanda d’asilo LT prašymas suteikti prieglobstį LV patvēruma pieteikums MT Talba / Applikazzjoni għall-ażil NL asielverzoek (syn.: asielaanvraag) PL wniosek o azyl PT pedido de asilo RO cerere de azil SK žiadosť o udelenie azylu / žiadosť o azyl SL prošnja za azil SV asylansökan NO asylsøknad A 29 Definition A request made by a third-country national or a stateless person for protection from a Member State, who can be understood to seek refugee status or subsidiary protection status, and who does not explicitly request another kind of protection, outside the scope of Directive 2011/95/EU, that can be applied for separately. Source Art. 2(h) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Narrower terms ★★ application for asylum ★★ examination of an application for international protection ★★ subsequent application for international protection ★★ unfounded application for international protection ★★ withdrawal of an application for international protection Notes 1. In most Member States this term is understood as a synonym to ‘application for asylum’ following the adoption of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). 2. In everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international protection’. 3. According to Protocol 29 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of a Member State is normally not taken into consideration. application for international protection BG молба за международна закрила CS žádost o mezinárodní ochranu DE Antrag auf internationalen Schutz EL αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία ES solicitud de protección internacional ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus FR demande de protection internationale GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem IT domanda di protezione internazionale LT prašymas suteikti prieglobstį LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums MT Talba għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL verzoek om internationale bescherming PL wniosek o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej PT pedido de protecção internacional RO cerere de protectie internationala SK žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis) SL prošnja za mednarodno zaščito SV ansökan om internationellt skydd NO søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 30 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the EU migration context, any legal action by the relevant national authority(ies) to limit the freedom of movement of a third-country national found to be illegally present. Source Developed by EMN Related terms ★★ irregular migrant ★★ third-country national found to be illegally present apprehension BG задържане CS zadržení DE Aufgriff / Ergreifung / Festnahme EL ανίχνευση ES aprehensión ET kinnipidamine FI kiinniottaminen / pidättäminen FR appréhension / arrestation GA gabháil HU őrizetbe vétel IT arresto LT sulaikymas LV aizturēšana MT Qbid / Arrest NL aanhouding PL zatrzymanie PT detecção RO luare in custodie publica SK zadržanie (EU acquis) / predvedenie (national law) SL prijetje / aretacija SV kvarhållande NO pågripelse (b) / pågriping (n) Definition An informal process of dialogue and cooperation bringing together countries of the two regions (27 EU Member States, two other European countries and 20 Asian countries), the European Commission and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat which addresses political, economic and cultural issues, with the objective of strengthening the relationship between the two regions, in a spirit of mutual respect and equal partnership. Source Website of the ASEM Synonym ★★ ASEM Related term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. ASEM was initiated in 1996 in Bangkok. 2. In the political field, areas of common interest include the fight against terrorism or the management of migration flows; discussions on human rights, on the protection of children, and on the impact of globalisation. 3. For more information, see: http://www.aseminfoboard.org/ Asia-Europe Meeting BG Среща Азия-Европа CS Asijsko-evropské setkání DE Asien-Europa-Treffen EL Διάσκεψη Ασίας – Ευρώπης ES Conferencia Asia-Europa ET Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine FI Aasian ja Euroopan yhteistyöfoorumi FR Réunion Asie-Europe GA Cruinniú den Áis agus den Eoraip HU Ázsia-Európa Találkozó IT Meeting Asia-Europa LT Azijos ir Europos susitikimas LV Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksme MT Inkontru (L-) Asja-Ewropa (IAsE) NL Asia-Europe Meeting PL Asia-Europe Meeting PT Cimeira Ásia-Europa RO Reuniunea Asia Europa SK Fórum Ázia - Európa SL Azijsko - Evropski sestanek SV Asia-Europe Meeting NO Asia-Europe Meeting A 31 Definition The gradual process by which a minority group adopts the patterns of behaviour of a majority group or host society and is eventually absorbed by the majority group / host society. Source Malgesini and Giménez: Guía de conceptos sobre migraciones racismo e inteculturalidad, 2000 Synonym ★★ cultural assimilation Broader term ★★ acculturation assimilation BG асимилация CS asimilace DE Assimilation EL αφομοίωση ES asimilación ET assimileeruma FI assimilaatio FR assimilation GA asamhlú HU asszimiláció IT assimilazione LT asimiliacija LV asimilācija MT Assimilazzjoni NL assimilatie PL asymilacja PT assimilação RO asimilare SK asimilácia SL asimilacija SV assimilering NO assimilering Definition Voluntary return or voluntary departure supported by logistical, financial and / or other material assistance. Source Developed by EMN Broader terms ★★ voluntary departure ★★ voluntary return assisted voluntary return BG подпомогнато / асистирано доброволно връщане CS asistovaný dobrovolný návrat DE unterstützte freiwillige Rückkehr EL υποβοηθούμενη εθελούσια επιστροφή ES retorno (voluntario asistido) ET toetatud vabatahtlik lahkumine FI tuettu vapaaehtoinen paluu FR aide au retour volontaire  GA cur ar ais deonach cuidithe HU támogatott önkéntes hazatérés IT ritorno volontario assistito LT savanoriškas grįžimas (remiamas) LV atbalstīta brīvprātīga atgriešanās MT Ritorn volontarju assistit NL gefaciliteerde vrijwillige terugkeer PL wspomagany dobrowolny powrót PT regresso voluntário RO returnare voluntară asistată SK asistovaný dobrovoľný návrat SL prostovoljno vračanje s pomočjo SV självmant återvändande NO assistert retur A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 32 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A form of protection given by a State on its territory, based on the principle of non-refoulement and internationally or nationally recognised refugee rights and which is granted to a person who is unable to seek protection in their country of citizenship and / or residence, in particular for fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. Source Developed by EMN Narrower term ★★ right of asylum Related term ★★ international protection Note The literal translation of this term in Bulgarian (the word ‘убежище’) refers to a specific kind of protection which is granted by the President of the Republic of Bulgaria and differs from the protection granted on the basis of the Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951). asylum BG убежище CS azyl DE Asyl EL άσυλο ES asilo ET varjupaik FI turvapaikka FR asile GA tearmann HU menedékjog IT asilo LT prieglobstis LV patvērums MT Ażil NL asiel PL azyl PT asilo RO azil SK azyl SL azil SV asyl NO asyl A 33 Definition In the global context, a person who seeks safety from persecution or serious harm in a country other than their own and awaits a decision on the application for refugee status under relevant international and national instruments. In the EU context, a person who has made an application for protection under the Geneva Convention in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken. Source Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM glossary on migration, 2nd ed. 2011 EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2003/9/EC (Asylum Procedures Directive) Synonym ★★ asylum applicant Broader term ★★ applicant for international protection Related term ★★ refugee Notes 1. This definition generally refers to all who apply for protection on an individual basis, irrespective of whether they lodge their application on arrival at an airport or land border, or from inside the country, and irrespective of whether they entered the territory legally or illegally. 2. In most Member States this term is understood as a synonym to applicant for international protection following the adoption of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). However, other Member States, such as the UK and IE which have not adopted the single procedure, continue to use the term ‘asylum seeker’ for an applicant who requests protection under the Geneva Convention only. In DE the term is still used to include, in addition to the provisions of Directive 2011/95/EU, those of the national legislation, Art. 16a Basic Law. 3. Outside EU legislation, the terms ‘asylum seeker’ or ‘asylum applicant’ are often used more frequently than ‘applicant for international protection’ in the everyday use of the term. asylum seeker BG търсещ убежище CS žadatel o azyl DE Asylbewerber (EU acquis) / Asylwerber (AT) EL αιτών άσυλο ES solicitante de asilo ET varjupaigataotleja FI turvapaikanhakija FR demandeur d’asile GA iarratasóir ar thearmann HU menedékkérő IT richiedente asilo LT prieglobsčio prašytojas LV patvēruma meklētājs MT Applikant(a) għall-ażil NL asielzoeker PL osoba ubiegająca się o nadanie statusu uchodźcy (azyl) PT requerente de asilo RO solicitant de azil SK žiadateľ o udelenie azylu / žiadateľ o azyl SL prosilec za azil SV asylsökande NO asylsøker (b) / asylsøkjar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 34 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the context of the Dublin Regulation, the phenomenon where third-country nationals apply for international protection in more than one Member State with or without having already received international protection in one of those Member States. Source Derived by EMN from Commission Staff Working Document SEC/2008/2029 Broader term ★★ secondary movement of migrants Related term ★★ Dublin Regulation Notes 1. The term ‘asylum-shopping’ has no legal definition, but is used in an informal sense and also in Commission Communications. It is often used with a negative connotation, as it implies an abuse of the asylum procedure through the lodging of more than one application for international protection in different Member States (choosing the Member State which may grant the most appealing social, humanitarian and economic standards). 2. A second meaning understands asylum shopping as a comparison and selection of one asylum rule among several (see European University Institute: the Development of the EU Asylum Policy: Revisiting the Venue-shopping Argument). 3. Commission Staff Working Document SEC/2008/2029 provides not only some examples of what ‘asylum shopping’ means but also an assessment of the impacts of the Dublin system (which comprises the Dublin Regulation and Eurodac Regulation and their implementing regulations). asylum shopping BG пазаруване на убежище CS asylum shopping DE Asyl-Shopping EL υποβολή πολλών αιτήσεων ασύλου σε περισσότερα από ένα κ-μ ES compra de asilo ET varjupaigaostlemine FI turvapaikkashoppailu, edullisimman kohtelun tarjoavan maan etsintä FR no usual translation GA siopadóireacht tearmainn HU no usual translation IT asylum shopping LT ieškojimas, kur geriau gauti prieglobstį LV izdevīgāko patvēruma noteikumu meklēšana MT Sajda għall-ażil NL asielshoppen PL asylum shopping / no usual translation PT asylum shopping RO „asylum shopping” SK zneužívanie azylového systému / azylový turizmus SL Azilni „šoping“ SV no usual translation NO asylshopping A 35 Definition A third-country national who is temporarily received by a family in the territory of a Member State in exchange for light housework and taking care of children in order to improve their linguistic skills and knowledge of the host country. Source Art. 2(i) of Proposal for a Directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing, COM(2013) 151 final au pair BG детегледачка CS au pair DE Au-pair EL εσωτερικός άμισθος βοηθός (au pair) ES au pair ET au pair lapsehoidja FI au pair FR au pair GA au pair HU au pair IT persona collocata alla pari LT au pair auklė LV viesaukle MT au pair NL au pair PL au pair PT au pair RO lucrator „au pair” SK au pair / au-pair SL varuška SV au pair NO au pair A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 36 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An international forum dealing with smuggling of migrants and trafficking in human beings, participated in by over 50 countries in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. Source Website of the Bali Process Synonym ★★ Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime Related terms ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility ★★ smuggling of migrants ★★ trafficking in human beings Notes 1. The Bali Process was established through a framework agreement that was initiated at the Regional Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime’ held in Bali, Indonesia in February 2002. 2. It aims to facilitate discussion and information sharing about issues relating to people smuggling, human trafficking, and related transnational crime and appropriate responses to these issues. 3. For more information, see: http://www.baliprocess.net/ Bali Process BG Процесът „Бали“ CS Balijský proces; Proces Bali DE Bali-Prozess EL Διαδικασία του Μπαλί ES Proceso de Bali ET Bali protsess FI Balin prosessi FR Processus de Bali GA Próiseas Bali HU Bali Folyamat IT Processo di Bali LT Balio procesas LV Bali process MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Bali NL Bali proces PL Proces Bali PT Processo de Bali RO Procesul Bali SK Balijský proces SL Baliski proces SV Baliprocessen NO Bali-prosessen B 37 Definition A person who has been granted refugee status or subsidiary protection status. Source Art. 2(b) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Narrower terms ★★ Convention refugee ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection Related terms ★★ applicant for international protection ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection beneficiary of international protection BG лице, на което е предоставена международна закрила CS osoba požívající mezinárodní ochrany DE Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde EL δικαιούχου διεθνούς προστασίας ES beneficiario de protección internacional ET rahvusvahelise kaitse saaja FI kansainvälistä suojelua saava FR bénéficiaire d’une protection internationale GA tairbhí den chosaint idirnáisiúnta HU nemzetközi védelemben részesülő személy IT beneficiario di protezione internazionale LT prieglobstį gavęs asmuo LV starptautiskās aizsardzības saņēmējs MT Benefiċjarju(-a) tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL persoon die internationale bescherming geniet PL beneficjent ochrony międzynarodowej PT beneficiário de protecção internacional RO beneficiar al protectiei internationale SK osoba s postavením medzinárodnej ochrany (EU acquis) / osoba s udelenou medzinárodnou ochranou SL upravičenec do mednarodne zaščite SV person som beviljats internationellt skydd NO mottaker av internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b) / mottakar av internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n) Definition Data relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of an individual which allow their unique identification, such as facial images or dactyloscopic data. Source Art. 2(11) of Proposal for a Directive on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and the free movement of such data – COM(2012) 10 final Synonym ★★ biometrics biometric data BG биометрични данни CS biometrické údaje DE biometrische Daten EL βιομετρικά δεδομένα ES datos biométricos ET biomeetrilised andmed FI biometriset tiedot FR données biométriques GA sonraí bithmhéadracha HU biometrikus adat IT dati biometrici LT biometriniai duomenys LV biometriskie dati MT Data / Dejta bijometrika NL biometrische gegevens PL dane biometryczne PT RO date biometrice SK biometrický údaj SL biometrični podatki SV biometriska data NO biometriske data A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 38 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation encouraging cooperation between the EU and the countries surrounding the Black Sea and for tackling common problems while encouraging political and economic reform. Source Website of the Black Sea Synergy Broader term ★★ European Neighbourhood Policy Related terms ★★ Eastern Partnership ★★ Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Notes 1. The Black Sea Synergy is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) of the EU and is intended as a flexible framework complementing existing EU policy, seeking to tackle the significant opportunities and challenges in the Black Sea area that require coordinated action at the regional level in the sectors such as energy, transport, environment, movement and security. 2. A conference between EU and Black Sea Foreign Affairs Ministers in Kiev (Ukraine) in 2008 initiated the synergy. 3. For more information, see: Black Sea Synergy – A new regional cooperation initiative, COM(2007) 160 final, 11 April 2007. Black Sea Synergy BG Черноморско сътрудничество CS Černomořská synergie DE Schwarzmeersynergie EL Συνέργεια του Ευξείνου Πόντου ES Sinergia del mar Negro ET Musta mere sünergia (koostöö) FI Mustanmeren synergia FR Synergie de la mer Noire GA Sineirge na Mara Duibhe HU Fekete-tengeri szinergia IT Sinergia del Mar Nero LT Juodosios jūros sinergija LV Melnās jūras reģiona sinerģija MT Sinerġija tal-Baħar l-Iswed NL Black Sea Synergy (no usual translation) PL Synergia Czarnomorska PT RO Sinergia Marii Negre SK Čiernomorská synergia SL Črnomorska Sinergija SV Svartahavssynergin NO Svartehavssynergien B 39 Definition An area that extends no more than 30 kilometres from the border. Source Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation) Related terms ★★ border resident ★★ local border traffic Note Subsequent to Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation), a Member State may specify the local administrative districts that are to be considered part of ‘the border area’ in a bilateral agreements with its neighbouring third country(s). If part of any such district lies between 30 and 50 kilometres from the border line, it shall nevertheless be considered as part of the border area. border area BG гранична зона CS pohraniční oblast DE Grenzgebiet / Grenzregion EL συνοριακή ζώνη ES zona fronteriza ET piiriala FI raja-alue FR zone frontalière GA limistéar teorann HU határmenti terület IT zona di frontiera LT pasienio teritorija LV pierobeža MT Żona ta’ mal-konfini NL grensgebied PL strefa przygraniczna PT zona fronteiriça RO zonă de frontieră SK pohraničná oblasť (EU acquis) / prihraničné územie (national law) SL obmejno območje SV gränsområde NO grenseområde Definition The activity carried out at a border, in accordance with and for the purposes of Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code), in response exclusively to an intention to cross or the act of crossing that border, regardless of any other consideration, consisting of border checks and border surveillance. Source Art. 2(9) of Council Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) Related terms ★★ European Border Surveillance System ★★ external EU border ★★ internal EU border ★★ irregular entry ★★ legal entry ★★ refusal of entry ★★ Schengen Borders Code border control BG граничен контрол CS pohraniční kontrola DE Grenzkontrolle EL συνοριακός έλεγχος / έλεγχος των συνόρων ES control fronterizo ET piirikontroll FI rajavalvonta FR contrôle aux frontières GA rialú teorann HU határellenőrzés IT controllo di frontiera LT pasienio kontrolė LV robežkontrole MT Kontroll mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera NL grenstoezicht (syn.: grensbewaking, grenscontrole) PL  kontrola graniczna PT controlo de fronteira RO control de frontieră SK kontrola hraníc SL nadzor meje SV gränskontroll NO grensekontroll A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 40 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Source Any crossing point authorised by the competent authorities for the crossing of external EU borders. Source Art. 2(8) of Regulation No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) Broader term ★★ border crossing border crossing point BG гранично-пропускателен пункт CS hraniční přechod DE Grenzübergang / Grenzübergangsstelle EL σημείο συνοριακής διέλευσης ES paso fronterizo ET piiriületuspunkt FI rajanylityspaikka FR point de passage frontalier GA pointe trasnaithe teorann HU határátkelőhely IT valico di frontiera LT sienos perėjimo punktas LV robežšķērsošanas vieta MT Il-Punt / Il-Post ta' qsim il-fruntiera/ il-konfini NL grensovergang (syn.: grensdoorlaatpost, grenspost) PL przejście graniczne PT ponto de passagem fronteiriço RO punct de trecere a frontierei SK hraničný priechod SL mejni prehod SV gränsövergångsställe NO grensepasseringssted (b) / grensepasseringsstad (n) Definition The physical act of crossing a border either at a border crossing point or another point along the border. Source Developed by EMN Narrower term ★★ border crossing point border crossing BG пресичане на границата CS překročení hranice DE Grenzübertritt EL συνοριακή διέλευση ES cruce de frontera ET piiriületus FI rajanylitys FR franchissement de la frontière GA trasnú teorann HU határátlépés IT attraversamento della frontiera LT sienos kirtimas LV robežšķērsošana MT Qsim tal-konfini / tal-fruntiera NL grensoverschrijding PL przekraczanie granicy PT passagem de fronteira RO trecerea frontierei SK prekročenie hranice / prekročenie štátnej hranice SL prečkanje meje SV gränspassage NO grensepassering B 41 Definition In the EU migration context, a third–country national who has been lawfully resident in the border area of a country neighbouring a Member State for a period specified in a bilateral agreement between a Member State(s) and neighbouring third country, which shall be at least one year. Source Art. 3(6) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation) Related terms ★★ border area ★★ frontier worker ★★ local border traffic border resident BG граничен жител CS obyvatel pohraniční oblasti DE Grenzbewohner EL κάτοικος της μεθορίου ES residente fronterizo ET piiriala elanik FI raja-alueen asukas FR frontalier GA cónaitheoir teorann HU határ menti lakos IT frontaliero LT pasienio gyventojas LV pierobežas iedzīvotājs MT Resident(a) ta’ mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera NL grensbewoner PL mieszkaniec strefy przygranicznej PT residente fronteiriço RO locuitor din zona de frontieră SK pohraničná oblasť (EU acquis) / prihraničné územie (national law) SL obmejni prebivalec SV gränsboende NO grenseboer (b) / grensebuar (n) Definition The possibility for developing countries to draw on the skills, know-how and other forms of experience gained by their migrants – whether they have returned to their country of origin or not – and members of their diaspora. Source Annex 5 of Communication on Migration and Development, COM(2005) 390 Related terms ★★ brain drain ★★ brain gain ★★ brain waste ★★ circular migration brain circulation BG движение на мозъци CS brain circulation DE Brain Circulation EL κυκλοφορία εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό) ES circulación de cerebros ET oskustööjõu ringlus FI aivokierto FR circulation des cerveaux GA cúrsaíocht daoine oilte HU there is no widely accepted term: „agykörforgás” is used in some documents IT circolazione di cervelli LT protų apykaita LV kvalificēta darbaspēka aprite MT Ċirkolazzjoni ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin NL mobiliteit van hoogopgeleide personen (syn.: brain circulation) PL cyrkulacja mózgów PT circulação de cérebros RO circulaţia creierelor SK cirkulácia mozgov SL „kroženje možganov“ SV kunskapsspridning NO kunnskapsmobilitet / kunnskapssirkulasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 42 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The benefit to a country as a result of the immigration of a highly qualified person. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘brain drain’ in the EMN Glossary Synonym ★★ reverse brain drain Related terms ★★ brain drain ★★ brain waste ★★ brain circulation ★★ circular migration Note This can apply to, for example, a EU Member State receiving a highly qualified migrant, as well as a third-country national returning to their country of origin. brain gain BG привличане на мозъци CS příliv mozků DE Brain Gain EL κέρδος εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό) ES captación de cerebros ET oskustööjõu sissevool FI aivotuonti FR afflux de cerveaux GA inimirce daoine oilte HU there is no widely accepted term, several can be used: agyvisszaszívás / tudásnyerés / brain gain IT acquisizione di cervelli LT protų pritraukimas LV kvalificēta darbaspēka pieplūdums MT Akkwist / Ksib ta’ mħuħ // ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin NL brain gain PL no usual translation PT brain gain RO atragerea creierelor / „brain gain” SK získavanie mozgov SL „pridobitev možganov“ SV no usual translation NO kunnskapsgevinst Definition The loss suffered by a country as a result of the emigration of a (highly) qualified person. Source ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008 Related terms ★★ brain gain ★★ brain waste ★★ brain circulation ★★ circular migration brain drain BG изтичане на мозъци CS odliv mozků DE Brain Drain EL απορρόφηση εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό) ES fuga de cerebros ET oskustööjõu äravool FI aivovuoto / aivovienti FR fuite des cerveaux GA imirce daoine oilte HU agyelszívás / brain drain IT fuga di cervelli LT protų nutekėjimas LV kvalificēta darbaspēka aizplūšana MT Telf / Tnixxija ta’ mħuħ // ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin NL brain drain PL drenaż mózgów PT fuga de cérebros / brain drain RO exodul creierelor / „brain drain” SK únik mozgov (EU acquis) / odliv mozgov SL „beg možganov“ SV no usual translation NO kunnskapsflukt / ekspertflukt B 43 Definition The non-recognition of the skills (and qualifications) acquired by a migrant outside of the EU, which prevents them from fully using their potential. Source Derived by EMN from Footnote 28 of Communication on Migration and Development, COM(2005) 390 final Related terms ★★ brain drain ★★ brain gain ★★ brain circulation brain waste BG разхищение на мозъци CS plýtvání mozky DE Brain Waste EL διαρροή εγκεφάλων ES subempleo ET oskustööjõu alarakendatus FI aivotuhlaus FR gaspillage des cerveaux GA cur amú éirime HU képességek elpazarlása IT spreco di cervelli LT protų švaistymas LV intelektuālā potenciāla izšķērdēšana MT Ħela ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin NL brain waste PL marnotrawstwo mózgów PT brain waste RO „brain waste” SK plytvanie mozgami (EU acquis) / mrhanie mozgami SL „izguba možganov“ SV no usual translation NO kunnskapssløsing A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 44 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A consultative forum of more than 50 governments from the wider European region and ten international organisations, which aims to promote good governance in the field of migration, to develop comprehensive and sustainable systems for orderly migration and to exchange information and best practices on a wide range of migration issues (legal migration, irregular migration, asylum, visa, border management, trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, readmission and return). Source Derived by the EMN from the page describing Budapest Process of the Website of ICMPD and the website of the Budapest Process Related term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. The Budapest Process was initiated by DE in 1991. 2. Through this dialogue, the Process promotes a harmonised approach in dealing with irregular migration challenges and support for the transfer and common understanding of migration concepts and policies. 3. For more information see the website of the Budapest Process: http://www.budapestprocess.org/ Budapest Process BG Будапещенски процес CS Budapešťský proces DE Budapest-Prozess EL Διαδικασία της Βουδαπέστης ES Proceso de Budapest ET Budapesti protsess FI Budapestin prosessi FR Processus de Budapest GA Próiseas Bhúdaipeist HU Budapest Folyamat IT Processo di Budapest LT Budapešto procesas LV Budapeštas process MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Budapest NL Boedapest proces PL Proces Budapeszteński PT Processo de Budapeste RO Procesul Budapesta SK Budapeštiansky proces SL Budimpeštanski proces SV Budapestprocessen NO Budapest-prosessen B 45 Definition In the global context, a party’s duty to prove a disputed assertion or charge. In the migration context, the duty of a non-national seeking entry into a foreign State to prove that they are entitled to enter and not inadmissible under the laws of that State. In the context of refugee status determination procedures, the duty of the applicant to establish their case, to produce evidence that they have a well-founded fear of persecution. Source Derived by EMN from the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Notes 1. In refugee status determination procedures, it is the applicant who has the burden of establishing the veracity of their allegations and the accuracy of the facts on which the refugee claim is based. The burden of proof is discharged by the applicant rendering a truthful account of facts relevant to the claim so that, based on the facts, a proper decision may be reached. 2. For further information see UNHCR: Note on Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims, 16 December 1998. burden of proof BG тежест на доказване CS důkazní břemeno DE Beweislast EL υποχρέωση της απόδειξης της βασιμότητας του ισχυρισμού ES carga de la prueba ET tõendamiskoormis FI todistustaakka FR charge de la preuve GA dualgas cruthúnais HU bizonyítási teher IT onere della prova LT įrodinėjimo pareiga LV pierādīšanas pienākums MT Piż (Il-) tal-prova / Obbligu (L-) li jinġiebu l-provi NL bewijslast PL ciężar dowodu PT ónus da prova RO sarcina dovezii SK dôkazné bremeno SL dokazno breme SV bevisbörda NO bevisbyrde A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 46 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In relation to conveyance (or transport), the owner or charterer of the conveyance. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed., 2011 Notes 1. A carrier usually refers to an airline, bus or rail company, or cruise line. Under the laws of some States, the term includes any owner of a means of conveyance, which carries a person onto its territory. 2. The definition given in Art. 2(a) of Council Directive 2004/82/ EC (API Directive) is more restrictive in that it refers explicitly to passenger transport by air and there is uncertainty as to what ‘any natural or legal person’ actually refers to, e.g. if this is the owner of the company only. carrier BG превозвач CS dopravce DE Transportunternehmer EL μεταφορέας ES operador de transporte ET vedaja FI liikenteenharjoittaja FR transporteur GA iompróir HU fuvarozó IT vettore LT vežėjas LV pārvadātājs MT Operatur tat-trasport NL vervoerder PL przewoźnik PT transportador RO transportator SK dopravca SL prevoznik SV transportör NO transportør C 47 Definition Personnel of the determining authority responsible for examining and assessing an application for international protection and competent to take a decision at first instance in such a case. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘decision maker’ in UNHCR: Beyond Proof – Credibility Assessment in EU Asylum Systems, 2013 Synonyms ★★ asylum case worker ★★ asylum determination officer ★★ case officer ★★ case worker ★★ decision-maker Related term ★★ determining authority Note This term specifically refers to persons examining and assessing applications for international protection. There are other types of case workers i.e. for processing visa applications, which are not explicitely mentioned in the glossary with an extra term. case worker in procedures for international protection BG интервюист CS rozhodčí DE Sachbearbeiter in  Verfahren für internationalen Schutz / Referent in Verfahren für internationalen Schutz (AT) EL Υπεύθυνος αξιωματικός της διεθνούς αίτησης ES trabajador social en procedimientos de protección internacional ET Rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse menetleja FI päätöksen tekijä / hakemuksen käsittelijä kansainvälisen suojelun menettelyssä FR agent responsable du traitement d’une demande de protection internationale GA cásoibrí nósanna imeachta um chosaint idirnáisiúnta HU menekültügyi eljárás során eljáró ügyintézők IT operatore impegnato nella procedura di protezione internazionale LT prašymą nagrinėti ir sprendimą dėl prieglobsčio suteikimo priimti įgaliotas valstybės tarnautojas LV ierēdnis, kas izskata starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikumus MT Operatur(-triċi) soċjali fi proċeduri għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL hoor- en beslisambtenaar in asielzaken (BE: protection officer) PL pracownik / urzędnik prowadzący postępowanie w sprawach z zakresu ochrony międzynardowej PT RO ofiter de decizie SK rozhodovač SL pristojna uradna oseba v postopku za mednarodno zaščito SV handläggare av ansökningar om internationellt skydd NO saksbehandler for søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b) / sakshandsamar for søknad om internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 48 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A body assisting the EU Member States in effectively studying legal immigration so as to prevent illegal immigration and unlawful residence, in effectively combating immigration crime, in better detecting forged documents and in improving expulsion practice. Source Council Conclusions of 30 November 1994 Synonym ★★ CIREFI Related term ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Notes 1. CIREFI started its work on 1 January 1995 based on the Council conclusions of 30 November 1994. 2. In December 2009, as a consequence of the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, COREPER decided to abolish CIREFI and to transfer its functions to FRONTEX. Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration BG Център за информация, дискусии и обмен оносно преминаването на границите и имиграцията CS Centrum pro informace, diskusi a výměnu názorů k překačování hranic a imigraci DE Informations-, Diskussions- und Austauschzentrum für Fragen in Zusammenhang mit dem Überschreiten der Außengrenzen und der Einwanderung EL Κέντρο Ενημέρωσης, Συζήτησης και Ανταλλαγής για τη Μετανάστευση και την Συνοριακή Διέλευση ES Centro de información, reflexión e intercambio en materia de cruce de fronteras e inmigración ET piiriületuse- ja sisserändealase teabe, analüüsi ja infovahetuse keskus FI Rajanylitys- ja maahanmuuttoasioiden tiedotus-, tarkastelu- ja tietojenvaihtokeskus FR Centre d’information, de réflexion et d’échanges en matière de franchissement des frontières et d’immigration GA an Lárionad um Fhaisnéis, Plé agus Malartú i dtaca le Trasnú Imeallchríche agus Inimirce HU Külső Határok Átlépésével és Bevándorlással foglalkozó Információ-,Vita-, és Véleménycsere Központ IT Centro di Informazione, di Riflessione e di Scambi in materia di Attraversamento delle Frontiere e di Immigrazione LT Informacijos, diskusijų ir keitimosi duomenimis sienų kirtimo ir imigracijos klausimais centras LV Centrs informācijai, apspriedēm un apmaiņām par robežšķērsošanu un imigrāciju MT Ċentru (Iċ-) ta’ Informazzjoni, Diskussjoni u Skambji dwar il-Qsim ta’ Fruntieri u l-Immigrazzjoni NL Centrum voor informatie, beraad en gegevensuitwisseling inzake grensoverschrijding en immigratie PL Centrum Wymiany Informacji nt. Przekraczania Granic i Imigracji PT Centro de Informação, Reflexão e Intercâmbio em matéria de Passagem das Fronteiras e Imigração RO Centrul de informare, reflecţie şi schimb de informaţii cu privire la trecerea frontierei şi imigraţie SK Centrum pre informácie, diskusiu a výmenu v oblasti prekračovania hraníc a prisťahovalectva SL Center za podatke, razprave in izmenjave glede prečkanja meje in priseljevanja SV Centrum för information, diskussion och utbyte i frågor som rör passage av gränser och invandring NO Senter for informasjon, diskusjon og utveksling om grensepassering og innvandring C 49 Definition The practice where those who have settled on a family reunification basis can themselves sponsor further family members, consistent with European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) obligations. Source EMN: Family Reunification Study, 2008 Related terms ★★ family formation ★★ family migration ★★ family reunification ★★ right to family life ★★ right to family unity Notes 1. Originally chain migration refers to a process in which initial movements of migrants lead to further movements from the same area to the same area. In a chain migration system, individual members of a community migrate and then encourage or assist further movements of migration (see Migration, Citizenship, Education Glossary). 2. Chain migration may also be based on ethnic or family ties with members of the same family migrating at different times, usually with primary wage earners migrating first, followed by secondary or non-wage earners. In countries with more or less liberal regulations on the rights of migrants to family reunification usually in accordance with international conventions, family reunification as an incidence of chain migration explains much of the growth in the total migrant population. chain migration BG верижна миграция CS řetězová migrace DE Kettenmigration EL αλυσίδα μετανάστευση ES cadena migratoria ET ahelränne FI ketjumaahanmuutto FR migration en chaîne GA imirce shlabhrúil HU lánc-migráció IT catena migratoria LT grandininė migracija LV ķēdes migrācija MT Katina ta’ migrazzjoni NL kettingmigratie PL migracja łańcuchowa PT RO migratie in lant SK reťazová migrácia SL verižna migracija SV kedjemigration NO kjedemigrasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 50 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The formal EU document which combines and declares all the values and fundamental rights of individuals (economic and social as well as civil and political) to which Member States are obliged. Source Derived by EMN from the European Charter of Fundamental Rights Related terms ★★ European Convention on Human Rights ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights ★★ human rights Notes 1. The Charter was proclaimed in December 2000 and became binding in December 2009 when the Lisbon Treaty came into force. 2. The Charter does not establish new rights, but assembles existing rights that were previously scattered over a range of international sources and thus makes them more visible. The Charter reaffirms, with due regard for the powers and tasks of the Union and for the principle of subsidiarity, the rights as they result, in particular, from the constitutional traditions and international obligations common to the Member States, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Social Charters adopted by the Union and by the Council of Europe and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and of the European Court of Human Rights. 3. For more information, see: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ charter/pdf/text_en.pdf Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union BG Харта на основните права на Европейския съюз CS Listina základních práv Evropské unie DE Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union EL Ευρωπαϊκός Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων ES Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea ET Euroopa Liidu põhiõiguste harta FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeuskirja FR Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne GA Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh HU Az Európai Unió Alapjogi Chartája IT Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione Europea LT ES pagrindinių teisių chartija LV Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību harta MT Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Ewropea NL Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie PL Karta Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej PT Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais RO Carta Drepturilor Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene SK Charta základných práv Európskej únie SL Listina Evropske Unije o temeljnih pravicah SV Europeiska unionens stadga om de grundläggande rättigheterna NO Den europeiske unions pakt om grunnleggende rettigheter (b) / pakta til Den europeiske unionen om grunnleggjande rettar (n) C 51 Definition Every human being below the age of 18 years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. Source Art. 1 of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Narrower term ★★ child labour Related terms ★★ adult ★★ age assessment ★★ minor Notes 1. There is still no concrete, consistent definition of ‘child’ under EU law. The Lisbon Treaty introduced an objective for the EU to promote children’s rights. Moreover the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union guarantees the protection of children’s rights by EU institutions, as well as by EU countries when they implement EU law. For further information, see the webpage of the DG Justice on the Rights of the Child and Fundamental Rights Agency: Developing indicators for the protection, respect and promotion of the rights of the child in the European Union, March 2009. 2. The term should be used to describe relationship with other family members. When referring to an individual and in a more legal context, the term minor should be used. child BG дете CS dítě DE Kind EL παιδί ES población infantil ET laps FI lapsi FR enfant GA leanbh HU gyermek IT bambino LT vaikas LV bērns MT Tifel (Tifla) / Wild NL kind PL dziecko PT criança RO copil SK dieťa SL otrok SV barn NO barn A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 52 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Any work performed by a child which deprives them of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and mental development. Source Webpage of the ILO International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) Broader term ★★ child Related term ★★ forced labour Notes 1. The definition does allow for a child to work (e.g. in a shop outside school hours) as long as it does not conflict with the above. It refers to work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children and interferes with their schooling by: -- depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; -- obliging them to leave school prematurely; or  -- requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. 2. The ILO Convention No 138 specifies 15 years as the age above which, in normal circumstances, a person may participate in economic activity. According to Art. 32 of the Charter of Fundamentals Rights of the European Union, the employment of children is prohibited. The minimum age of admission to employment may not be lower than the minimum schoolleaving age, without prejudice to such rules as may be more favourable to young people and except for limited derogations. 3. Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. The ILO distinguishes between ‘child work’ and ‘child labour’, the latter being used to describe the more pejorative part of ‘child work’, whereas ‘child work’ in itself could include doing light household chores and, as long as it does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, can actually have some learning value. child labour BG детски труд CS dětská práce DE Kinderarbeit EL παιδική εργασία ES trabajo infantil ET lapstööjõu kasutamine FI lapsityö FR travail des enfants GA fostú leanaí HU gyerekmunka IT lavoro infantile LT vaikų darbas LV bērnu darbs MT Tħaddim ta’ tfal / ta’ minorenni // Sfruttament ta’ xogħol it-tfal NL kinderarbeid PL praca dzieci PT trabalho infantil RO munca pentru copii SK detská práca SL delo otrok SV barnarbete NO barnearbeid C 53 -- business persons working in the EU and wishing to start an activity in their country of origin (or in another third country); and -- doctors, professors or other professionals willing to support their country of origin by conducting part of their professional activity there. (b) Circular migration of persons residing in a third country Circular migration could create an opportunity for persons residing in a third country to come to the EU temporarily for work, study, training or a combination of these, on the condition that, at the end of the period for which they were granted entry, they must re-establish their main residence and their main activity in their country of origin. Circularity can be enhanced by giving migrants the possibility, once they have returned, to retain some form of privileged mobility to and from the Member States where they were formerly residing, for example in the form of simplified admission / re-entry procedures. This category covers a wide array of situations, spanning the whole spectrum of migrants, including: -- third-country nationals wishing to work temporarily in the EU, e.g. in seasonal employment; -- third-country nationals wishing to study or train in Europe before returning to their country; -- third-country nationals who, after having completed their studies, wish to be employed in the EU (e.g. as trainees) to acquire professional experience which is difficult to obtain at home, before returning; -- third-country researchers wishing to carry out a research project in the EU; -- third-country nationals, who wish to take part in intercultural people-to-people exchanges and other activities in the field of culture, active citizenship, education and youth (such as, for example, training courses, seminars, events, study visits); -- third-country nationals who wish to carry out an unremunerated voluntary service pursuing objectives of general interest in the EU. circular migration BG циркулярна миграция CS cirkulační / cirkulární migrace DE zirkuläre Migration EL κυκλική μετανάστευση ES migración circular ET korduvränne FI kiertomuutto FR migration circulaire GA imirce chiorclach HU körkörös migráció IT migrazione circolare LT apykaitinė migracija LV cirkulārā migrācija MT Migrazzjoni ċirkolari NL circulaire migratie PL migracja cyrkulacyjna PT migração circular RO migraţie circulară SK okružná migrácia / cirkulárna migrácia SL krožna migracija SV cirkulär migration NO sirkulær migrasjon Definition A repetition of legal migration by the same person between two or more countries. Source Communication on Circular Migration and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248 final Related terms ★★ brain drain ★★ brain gain ★★ brain circulation ★★ contract migrant worker ★★ diaspora ★★ mobility partnership ★★ seasonal worker Notes The two main forms of circular migration which could be most relevant in the EU context are: (a) Circular migration of third-country nationals settled in the EU  This category of circular migration gives people the opportunity to engage in an activity (business, professional, voluntary or other) in their country of origin while retaining their main residence in one of the Member States. This covers various groups, e.g.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 54 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The particular legal bond between an individual and their State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, choice, marriage or other means according to national legislation. Source Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Synonym ★★ nationality Narrower terms ★★ acquisition of citizenship ★★ dual citizenship ★★ loss of citizenship ★★ union citizen Related terms ★★ country of nationality ★★ ethnic nationality Notes 1. Whilst in some Member States a distinction is made between citizenship and nationality, in the EU context and for the purpose of this glossary, no distinction is made and the two terms are considered to be interchangeable. In countries which distinguish between citizenship and nationality, the term citizenship refers specifically to the legal rights and duties of nationals. The European Convention on Nationality, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) Glossary and the EUDO Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality prefer the term ‘nationality’. 2. According to Art. 1 of the Hague Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Law, 1930, it is for each State to determine under its own laws who are its nationals. 3. The tie of nationality confers individual rights and imposes obligations that a State reserves for its population. Nationality carries with it certain consequences as regards migration, such as the right of a State to protect its nationals against violations of their individual rights committed by foreign authorities (particularly by means of diplomatic protection), the duty to accept its nationals onto its territory, and the prohibition to expel them. citizenship BG гражданство CS státní občanství DE Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft EL ιθαγένεια; υπηκοότητα ES nacionalidad ET kodakondsus FI kansalaisuus FR citoyenneté GA saoránacht HU állampolgárság IT cittadinanza LT pilietybė LV pilsonība MT Ċittadinanza NL staatsburgerschap PL obywatelstwo PT nacionalidade RO cetăţenie SK štátne občianstvo / štátna príslušnosť SL državljanstvo SV medborgarskap NO statsborgerskap (b) / statsborgarskap (n) C 55 Definition A civil partnership contracted for the sole purpose of enabling the person concerned to enter or reside in a Member State. Source Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘partnership’ in Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Related terms ★★ adoption of convenience ★★ false declaration of parenthood ★★ marriage of convenience ★★ partnership of convenience civil partnership of convenience BG no translation CS účelové partnerství DE Scheinpartnerschaft EL εικονικού σχέση συμβίωσης / σχέση συμβίωσης της εύκολα ES unión civil de conveniencia ET tsiviilpartnerlus (riigis seadusliku viibimise aluse saamiseks) FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu rekisteröity parisuhde FR partenariat civil de complaisance GA páirtnéireacht shibhialta áise HU névleges élettársi kapcsolat IT unione civile fittizia LT fiktyvi registruota partnerystė LV fiktīvas partnerattiecības MT Sħubija / Unjoni ċivili ta’ konvenjenza NL schijnpartnerschap PL fikcyjny związek partnerski PT RO parteneriat (civil) de convenienta SK účelové registrované partnerstvo SL partnerska skupnost iz koristoljubja SV skenpartnerskap NO proformapartnerskap (b) / proformapartnarskap (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 56 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A person who leaves their country to escape from the effects of armed conflicts (direct effects of fighting, assaults of combat troops, displacements etc.). Source Derived by EMN from the definitions for ‘refugee’, ‘person eligible for subsidiary protection’ and ‘temporary protection’ in the EMN Glossary Related terms ★★ de facto refugee ★★ displaced person ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection ★★ subsidiary protection ★★ temporary protection Notes 1. In accordance with the EU acquis (notably Directive 2011/95/EU), such a person could be granted refugee status or subsidiary protection status, depending on the grounds on which their application is based (i.e. depending on whether they were compelled to leave as a result of fear of persecution linked to a Convention ground for persecution or serious harm in the context of indiscriminate violence). 2. If there is a mass influx to the EU of such persons who have been displaced, they may also be eligible for temporary protection in accordance with Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive). (civil) war refugee BG бежанец вследствие на (гражданска) война CS uprchlík z důvodu (občanské) války DE (Bürger-)Kriegsflüchtling EL πρόσφυγας εμφυλίου πολέμου ES refugiado por conflictos bélicos ET sõjapõgenik FI ([sisällis]sota)pakolainen FR réfugié de guerre (civile) GA dídeanaí cogaidh chathartha HU (polgár) háborús menekült IT rifugiato a causa di una guerra civile LT pabėgėlis dėl pilietinio karo LV [pilsoņu] kara bēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) minħabba gwerra (ċivili) NL [burger]oorlogsvluchteling PL uchodźca wojenny PT refugiados de guerra RO refugiat de razboi (civil) SK utečenec z dôvodu (občianskej) vojny SL (civilni) vojni begunec SV krigsflykting NO (borger)krigsflyktning (b) / (borgar)krigsflyktning (n) C 57 Definition A European Commission-led expert group aimed at facilitating an informal exchange of views between Member State administrations and the Commission services on political and legal issues related to migration, border and asylum. Source Developed by EMN Synonyms ★★ CIA ★★ Immigration and Asylum Committee Notes 1. Frequently the CIA discusses upcoming legislative or other proposals in order to ‘measure the temperature’ of Member State feelings before submitting a formal Commission proposal. 2. The CIA is also used as a forum for collecting information on the situation in Member States (via questionnaires) on selected policy-relevant issues and where the Commission can report to Member States on its activities. 3. Participants from Member States are nominated on an ad-hoc basis; normally both ‘generalists’ from the Permanent Representations and ‘specialists’ from the capitals are present. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international organisations such as UNHCR or IOM are sometimes invited to join discussions of the CIA as active observers. 4. For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/ regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&group ID=598&NewSearch=1&NewSearch=1 Committee on Immigration and Asylum BG Комитет по имиграция и убежище CS Výbor pro přistěhovalectví a azyl DE Ausschuss für Einwanderung und Asyl EL Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση και το Άσυλο ES Comité de Inmigración y Asilo ET sisserände- ja varjupaigakomitee FI Maahanmuutto- ja turvapaikka-asioiden komitea FR Comité sur l’immigration et l’asile GA An Coiste um Inimrice agus Thearmann HU Bevándorlási és Menekültügyi Bizottság IT Comitato Immigrazione e Asilo LT Imigracijos ir prieglobsčio komitetas LV Imigrācijas un patvēruma komiteja MT Kumitat dwar l-Immigrazzjoni u l-Ażil NL Comité voor immigratie en asiel PL Komitet ds. Imigracji i Azylu PT Comité Imigração e Asilo RO Comitetul Imigraţie şi Azil SK Výbor pre prisťahovalectvo a azyl SL Odbor za priseljevanje in azil SV kommittén för frågor om invandring och asyl NO Komiteen for innvandrings- og asylspørsmål A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 58 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the context of EU integration policy, a set of 11 simple, non-binding but thoughtful guidelines intended to assist Member States in formulating their integration policies. Source Derived by the EMN from the European Website on Integration and JHA Council Conclusions of 19 November 2004 Synonym ★★ Common Basic Principles for immigrant integration policy Broader term ★★ integration Related terms ★★ host society ★★ National Contact Points on Integration Notes 1. The Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU were adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council in November 2004 and form the foundations of EU initiatives in the field of integration. 2. The Common Basic Principles offer a guide for Member States against which they can judge and assess their own efforts. They can also use these basic principles to set priorities and further develop their own measurable goals. The principles are relevant both for Member States with considerable experience of substantial immigration as well as for those that have more recently become destinations for significant numbers of immigrants. 3. For more information, see the European website on integration: http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/EU_actions_integration.cfm Common Basic Principles BG Общи основни принципи CS společné základní principy DE Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien EL κοινές βασικές αρχές ES principios básicos comunes ET ühtsed aluspõhimõtted FI yhteiset perusperiaatteet FR principes de base communs GA comhphrionsabail bhunúsacha HU közös alapelvek IT Principi Comuni di Base LT bendrieji pagrindiniai principai LV kopīgie pamatprincipi MT Prinċipji Bażiċi Komuni NL gemeenschappelijke basisprincipes PL Wspólne Podstawowe Zasady PT princípios básicos comuns RO principii comune de bază SK spoločné základné princípy / spoločné základné zásady SL Skupna temeljna načela SV gemensamma grundprinciper NO felles grunnleggende prinsipper (b) / Felles grunnleggjande prinsipp (n) C 59 Definition A framework of agreed rules which establish common procedures for international protection and a uniform status for those who are granted refugee status or subsidiary protection based on the full and inclusive application of the Geneva Convention and which aims to ensure fair and humane treatment of applicants for international protection, to harmonise asylum systems in the EU and reduce the differences between Member States on the basis of binding legislation, as well as to strengthen practical cooperation between national asylum administrations and the external dimension of asylum. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 78 of TFEU Synonym ★★ CEAS Related terms ★★ Eurasil ★★ European Asylum Support Office ★★ minimum standards ★★ Lisbon Treaty Notes According to Art. 78 of Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union, the Common European Asylum System shall comprise: (a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid throughout the Union; (b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of international protection; (c) a common system of temporary protection for displaced persons in the event of a massive inflow; (d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status; (e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary protection; (f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection; (g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection. Common European Asylum System BG Обща европейска система за убежище CS Společný evropský azylový systém DE Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem EL Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Ασύλου ES Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo ET ühtne Euroopa varjupaigasüsteem FI Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajärjestelmä FR régime d’asile européen commun GA Comhchóras Tearmainn Eorpach HU Közös Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer IT Sistema europeo comune di asilo LT bendra Europos prieglobsčio sistema LV Kopējā Eiropas patvēruma sistēma MT Sistema Ewropea Komuni għall-Ażil NL Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel PL Wspólny Europejski System Azylowy PT Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo RO Sistemul European Comun de Azil SK Spoločný európsky azylový systém SL Skupni evropski azilni sistem SV gemensamt europeiskt asylsystem NO Det felles europeiske asylsystemet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 60 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, obligatory return of an individual to the country of origin, transit or third country (i.e. country of return), on the basis of an administrative or judicial act. In the EU context, the process of going back – whether in voluntary or enforced compliance with an obligation to return – to: - one’s country of origin; or - a  country of transit in accordance with EU or bilateral readmission agreements or other arrangements; or - another third country, to which the third-country national concerned voluntarily decides to return and in which they will be accepted. Source Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘forced return’ in the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 EU context: Art. 3(3) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonym ★★ forced return Broader term ★★ return Narrower terms ★★ removal ★★ voluntary departure Related terms ★★ refoulement ★★ voluntary return Notes 1. Compulsory return is understood as return which occurs once a return decision has been issued. Art. 3(3) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) calls this ‘return’ (not ‘compulsory return’) but so as to avoid confusion with the return of migrants based on their free will and without any direction from the State, we have named ‘return’ when occurring in compliance with a return decision, ‘compulsory return’. 2. Outside of EU legislation the term ‘forced return’ is more commonly used and understood as a synonym with ‘compulsory return’ – i.e. return which occurs in compliance with a return decision. compulsory return BG принудително връщане CS nucený návrat DE zwangsweise Rückführung / Zwangsrückführung / erzwungene Rückkehr EL αναγκαστική επιστροφή ES retorno forzoso ET sunnitud tagasipöördumine FI pakkopalautus / pakkoon perustuva paluu FR obligation de retour GA filleadh éigeantach HU kötelező visszatérés IT ritorno obbligato LT priverstinis grąžinimas LV piespiedu atgriešana (EU acquis) / piespiedu izraidīšana (national) MT Ritorn obbligatorju // Ripatrijazzjoni obbligatorja NL gedwongen terugkeer PL przymusowy powrót PT RO returnare (fortata)/returnare sub escortă SK nútený návrat SL obvezno vračanje SV tvångsmässigt återvändande NO tvangsretur C 61 Definition Person working in a country other than their own under contractual arrangements that set limits on the period of employment and on the specific job held by the migrant. Synonym ★★ contract worker Source OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Broader term ★★ migrant worker Related terms ★★ circular migration ★★ seasonal worker Notes 1. Contract migrant workers cannot change jobs without permission granted by the authorities of the receiving state. 2. This full term is not commonly used; ‘contract worker’, which does not necessarily apply to migrants only, is more common. contract migrant worker BG работник мигрант на трудов договор CS smluvní pracovní pohyb DE Vertragsarbeitnehmer  EL μισθωτός μετανάστης εργαζόμενος / Εργατικός Μετανάστης ES No translation ET lepinguline võõrtöötaja FI maahanmuuttaja, jolla on rajoitettu työnteko-oikeus FR travailleur migrant sous contrat GA oibrí imirceach ar conradh HU szerződéssel rendelkező / szerződéses migráns munkavállaló IT lavoratore migrante a contratto LT migrantas darbuotojas pagal sutartį LV līgumdarbinieks migrants MT Migrant ħaddiem b’kuntratt tax-xogħol NL buitenlandse contractarbeider PL migrant / pracownik kontraktowy PT trabalhador migrante por conta de outrem RO lucrator migrant cu contract SK pracujúci migrant so zmluvou na dobu určitú SL pogodbeni delavec migrant SV no translation NO migrant med begrenset arbeidsavtale (b) / migrant med avgrensa arbeidsavtale (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 62 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Related terms ★★ Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 ★★ refugee Notes 1. Not every person who is outside their own country and has a well-founded fear of persecution is a Convention refugee. One of the conditions for qualification for refugee status within the meaning of Art. 1(A) of the Geneva Convention is the existence of a causal link between the reasons for persecution, namely race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, and the acts of persecution or the absence of protection against such acts. Persecution based on any other ground will not be considered. The risk of being persecuted may sometimes arise in circumstances where two or more Convention grounds combine in the same person, in which case the combination of such grounds defines the causal connection to the well-founded fear of being persecuted. 2. The following definitions come into play when States attempt to determine who is and who is not a refugee: -- race is used in the broadest sense and includes ethnic and social groups of common descent; -- religion also has a broad meaning, including identification with a group that tends to share common traditions or beliefs, as well as the active practice of religion; -- nationality includes an individual’s citizenship. Persecution of ethnic, linguistic and cultural groups within a population also may be termed persecution based on nationality; -- a particular social group refers to people who share a similar background, habits or social status. This category often overlaps with persecution based on one of the other four grounds. It has applied to families of capitalists, landowners, homosexuals, entrepreneurs and former members of the military; -- political opinion refers to ideas not tolerated by the authorities, including opinions critical of government policies and methods. It includes opinions attributed to individuals even if the individual does not in fact hold that opinion. Individuals who conceal their political opinions until after they have fled their countries may qualify for refugee status if they can show that their views are likely to subject them to persecution if they return home. Convention grounds for persecution BG основания за преследване, посочени в Конвенцията за статута на бежанците CS důvody pro udělení azylu dle Ženevské úmluvy DE Verfolgungsgründe (nach) der Genfer Konvention, Konventionsgründe EL λόγους δίωξης ES motivos de persecución Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967 ET Genfi konventsioonis sätestatud tagakiusamise alused FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukaiset vainon perusteet FR motifs de persécution au sens de la Convention de Genève GA forais ghéarleanúna de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive HU IT cause di persecuzione ex Convenzione di Ginevra LT persekiojimo pagrindai pagal Konvenciją LV Ženēvas konvencijas noteiktie vajāšanas pamati MT Motivi għall-persekuzzjoni skont il-Konvenzjoni NL gronden voor vervolging in de zin van het Vluchtelingenverdrag PL PT RO motive de persecutie stabilite de Conventia de la Geneva din 1951 SK dôvody prenasledovania podľa Ženevského dohovoru SL konvencijski razlogi za preganjanje / razlogi za preganjanje po Ženevski konvenciji iz 1951 SV konventionsgrunder för förföljelse NO konvensjonsgrunnene for forfølgelse (b) / konvensjonsgrunnane for forfølging (n) Definition The five enumerated grounds listed in Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva Refugee Convention of 1951: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion which must be the reason for persecution. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva Refugee Convention of 1951 Synonyms ★★ grounds for persecution ★★ reasons for persecution Broader term ★★ persecution C 63 Definition Person recognised as a refugee by States under the criteria in Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951, and entitled to the enjoyment of a variety of rights under that Convention. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Synonym ★★ recognised refugee Broader terms ★★ beneficiary of international protection ★★ refugee Related terms ★★ mandate refugee ★★ refugee status ★★ relocation Convention refugee BG бежанец съгласно Конвенцията за статута на бежанците от 1951 г. CS azylant DE Konventionsflüchtling EL πρόσφυγας (σύμφωνα με την συνθήκη της Γενέυης) ES refugiado (en términos de la Convención de Ginebra) ET konventsioonipagulane FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukainen pakolainen FR réfugié au sens de la Convention de Genève GA dídeanaí de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive HU konvenciós menekült IT rifugiato ex Convenzione di Ginevra LT pabėgėlis pagal Konvenciją LV bēglis Ženēvas konvencijas izpratnē MT Rifuġjat(a) skont il-Konvenzjoni ta’ Ġinevra NL verdragsvluchteling PL uchodźca konwencyjny PT refugiado (na acepção da Convenção de Genebra de 1951 relativa aos refugiados) RO refugiat în baza convenţiei de la Geneva SK utečenec podľa Ženevského dohovoru SL konvencijski begunec /begunec po Ženevski konvenciji SV konventionsflykting NO konvensjonsflyktning A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 64 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A concept in the framework of the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility whichs bring together migration and development actors in a country or region to manage migration more effectively, in the interests of all, along specific migratory routes. Source Derived by EMN from Annex I of Communication on the Global Approach to Migration, COM(2006) 735 final and the Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final Synonym ★★ cooperation platform Broader term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Related terms ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development ★★ migration profile ★★ migration routes initiative ★★ mobility partnership Notes 1. This concept was proposed in the 2006 Communication on the Global Approach (COM(2006) 735) and endorsed by the December 2006 European Council. 2. Such platforms bring together representatives of the country or countries concerned with Member States, the Commission and international organisations. Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development BG Платформа за сътрудничество по въпросите на миграцията и развитието CS Platforma pro spolupráci - migrace a rozvoj DE Kooperationsplattform für Migration und Entwicklung EL πλατφόρμες συνεργασίας ES Plataforma de Cooperación sobre Migración y Desarrollo ET rände ja arenguabi koostööplatvorm FI muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä käsittelevä yhteistyöfoorumi FR Plate-forme de coopération sur la migration et le développement GA Clár Comhoibrithe um Imirce agus Fhorbairt HU Együttműködési Platform a migráció és jejlesztés területén IT Piattaforma di cooperazione sulla migrazione e lo sviluppo LT Migracijos ir vystymosi bendradarbiavimo platforma LV sadarbības platforma par migrāciju un attīstību MT Pjattaforma ta’ Kooperazzjoni fuq il-Migrazzjoni u l-Iżvilupp NL samenwerkingsplatform PL Platforma Współpracy na rzecz Migracji i Rozwoju PT plataformas de cooperação RO Platforma de cooperare cu privire la Migratie si dezvoltare SK Platforma spolupráce v oblasti migrácie a rozvoja SL Platforma za sodelovanje na področju migracij in razvoja SV samarbetsplattform för migration och utveckling NO Samarbeidsplattform om migrasjon og utvikling C 65 Definition The Partnership Agreement between the members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States of the one part and the European Union and its Member States of the other part, in order to promote and expedite the economic, cultural and social development of the ACP States, with a view to contributing to peace and security and to promoting a stable and democratic political environment. Source Cotonou Agreement Synonyms ★★ ACP-EC Partnership Agreement ★★ Cotonou Partnership Agreement Related terms ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development Notes 1. The Cotonou Agreement is the most comprehensive Partnership Agreement between developing countries and the EU. It was signed on 23 June 2000 in Cotonou, Benin as a global agreement, introducing important changes and ambitious objectives while preserving the ‘acquis’ of 25 years of ACP-EC cooperation. It was revised in Luxembourg on 25 June 2005. 2. Art. 13 of this agreement refers to the issue of migration which shall be the subject of in-depth dialogue in the framework of the ACP-EU Partnership. 3. For more information, see the description of the Agreement on the EuropeAid website: https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/ regions/african-caribbean-and-pacific-acp-region/cotonou- agreement_en Cotonou Agreement BG Споразумението от Котону CS Dohoda z Cotonou DE Cotonou-Abkommen EL Συμφωνία Κοτονού ES Acuerdo de Cotonou ET Cotonou leping FI Cotonoun sopimus FR Accord de Cotonou GA Comhaontú Cotonou HU Cotonou-i Egyezmény IT Accordo di Cotonou LT Kotonu susitarimas LV Kotonū nolīgums MT Ftehim (Il-) ta’ Cotonou NL overeenkomst van Cotonou PL Porozumienie z Cotonou PT Acordo de Cotonou RO Acordul Cotonou SK Dohoda z Cotonou SL Kotonoujski sporazum SV Cotonou-avtalet NO Cotonou-avtalen A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 66 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The country of residence (in its current borders, if the information is available) of the mother at the time of the birth or, in default, the country (in its current borders, if the information is available) in which the birth took place. Source Art.2 (e) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Related terms ★★ country of nationality ★★ country of origin country of birth BG страна на раждане CS země narození DE Geburtsland EL χώρα γέννηση ES país de nacimiento ET sünniriik FI syntymämaa FR pays de naissance GA tír bhreithe HU születés helye szerinti ország IT paese di nascita LT valstybė, kurioje gimė LV dzimšanas valsts MT Art twelidek / Pajjiżek NL geboorteland PL kraj urodzenia PT país de nascimento RO ţara de naştere SK krajina narodenia SL država rojstva SV födelseland NO fødeland Definition The country that is a destination for migration flows (regular or irregular). Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 Related terms ★★ country of origin ★★ country of transit country of destination BG страна на дестинация CS cílová země DE Zielland EL χώρα προορισμού ES país de destino ET sihtriik FI kohdemaa FR pays de destination GA tír cinn scríbe (iolra: tíortha ceann scríbe) HU célország IT paese di destinazione LT tikslo valstybė LV mērķa valsts MT Pajjiż fid-destinazzjoni NL land van bestemming PL kraj docelowy PT país de destino RO ţara de destinaţie SK cieľová krajina SL ciljna država SV destinationsland NO destinasjonsland C 67 Definition The country (or countries) of which a person holds citizenship. Source Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ state of nationality Related terms ★★ citizenship ★★ country of birth ★★ country of origin Notes 1. A person may have a different country of nationality from their country of origin and / or country of birth owing, for example, to the acquisition of citizenship in a country different from their country of birth. 2. In some Member States, this term is used in the context of return. country of nationality BG страна на гражданство CS země státní příslušnosti DE Land der Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft EL Χώρα της ιθαγένειας ES país de nacionalidad ET kodakondsusjärgne riik FI kansalaisuusvaltio FR pays de nationalité GA tír náisiúntachta HU állampolgárság szerinti ország IT paese di cittadinanza LT pilietybės valstybė LV pilsonības valsts MT Pajjiż tan-nazzjonalità NL land waarvan iemand onderdaan is (syn.: land waarvan iemand het staatsburgerschap heeft) PL państwo, którego obywatelem jest cudzoziemiec PT país de nacionalidade RO ţara de cetăţenie SK krajina štátneho občianstva / krajina štátnej príslušnosti SL država katere oseba je državljan SV medborgarskapsland NO statsborgerskapsland (b) / statsborgarskapsland (n) Definition The country of nationality or, for stateless persons, of former habitual residence. Source Art. 2(n) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Narrower terms ★★ country of origin information ★★ safe country of origin Related terms ★★ country of birth ★★ country of nationality ★★ country of return Note A person may have more than one country of origin. country of origin BG страна на произход CS země původu DE Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat EL χώρα προέλευσης ES país de origen ET päritoluriik FI alkuperämaa / lähtömaa FR pays d’origine GA tír thionscnaimh HU származási ország IT paese di origine LT kilmės valstybė LV izcelsmes valsts MT Pajjiż tal-oriġini NL land van herkomst PL kraj pochodzenia PT país de origem RO ţara de origine SK krajina pôvodu SL izvorna država SV ursprungsland NO opprinnelseslandd (b) / opphavsland (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 68 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Information used by the Member States authorities to analyse the socio-political situation in countries of origin of applicants for international protection (and, where necessary, in countries through which they have transited) in the assessment, carried out on an individual basis, of an application for international protection. Source Derived by EMN from Annex C of COM(2006) 67 final, Art. 4 (3a) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Art. 10 (3b) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Synonyms ★★ COI ★★ country information Broader term ★★ country of origin Related term ★★ European Asylum Support Office Notes 1. All relevant facts as they relate to the country of origin at the time of taking a decision on the application are used. The relevant facts are obtained from various sources, such as the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), UNHCR and relevant international human rights organisations, general public sources such as reports from (inter)national organisations, governmental and non-governmental organisations, media, bi-lateral contacts in countries of origin, embassy reports including the laws and regulations of the country of origin and the manner in which they are applied. 2. The information used by the Member States authorities is made available to the personnel responsible for examining applications and taking decisions. 3. This information is also used inter alia for taking decisions on other migration issues, e.g. on return, as well as by researchers. 4. According to Art. 4 of Council Regulation (EU) No 439/2010, EASO has taken over responsibility for collecting, preparing, analysing and disseminating this information. For more information, see the website of EASO: http://easo.europa.eu country of origin information BG информация за страни на произход CS informace o zemích původu DE Herkunftsländerinformation EL πληροφορίες για τις χώρες καταγωγής ES información del país de origen ET päritoluriigi info FI alkuperämaita koskeva tieto / lähtömaatieto FR information sur le pays d’origine GA faisnéis faoin tír thionscnaimh HU származási országinformáció IT informazioni sul paese di origine LT informacija apie kilmės valstybę LV izcelsmes valsts informācija MT Informazzjoni dwar il-pajjiż tal-oriġini NL landeninformatie PL informacje o kraju pochodzenia PT informação sobre países de origem RO informaţii din ţara de origine SK informácie o krajine pôvodu SL podatki o izvorni državi SV landinformation NO landinformasjon C 69 Definition In the EU context, a third country to which a third-country national returns. Source EMN: Return migration, 2007 Related terms ★★ country of origin ★★ country of transit Notes 1. This is not defined in legal terms. 2. In most cases, it is the country of origin to which a return is made, but this definition is used here in order to indicate other (possible) destinations, e.g. country of transit or another third country. country of return BG страна на връщане CS země návratu DE Rückkehrland EL χώρα επιστροφής ES país de retorno ET vastuvõttev riik FI paluumaa FR pays de retour GA tír fillte HU visszatérési ország IT paese di ritorno LT valstybė, į kurią grįžta LV atgriešanas valsts (EU acquis) / izraidīšanas valsts (national) MT Pajjiż fejn wieħed jirritorna / fejn w. imur lura NL terugkeerland PL kraj powrotu PT país de retorno RO ţara de returnare SK krajina návratu SL država povratka / vrnitve SV återvändandeland NO returland A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 70 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The country through which migration flows (regular or irregular) move; this means the country (or countries), different from the country of origin, which a migrant passes through in order to enter a country of destination. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 Related terms ★★ country of destination ★★ country of origin ★★ country of return country of transit BG страна на транзит CS tranzitní země DE Transitland EL χώρα διέλευσης ES país de tránsito ET transiitriik FI kauttakulkumaa FR pays de transit GA tír idirthurais HU tranzitország IT paese di transito LT tranzito valstybė LV tranzītvalsts MT Pajjiż ta’ tranżitu // Pajjiż li wieħed jgħaddi minnu NL transitland (syn.: doorreisland) PL kraj tranzytowy PT país de trânsito RO ţara de tranzit SK tranzitná krajina SL tranzitna država SV transitland NO transittland Definition The process of gathering relevant information from the applicant, examining it in the light of all the information available to the case worker, for the purpose of the determination of qualification for refugee status and / or subsidiary protection status. Source UNHCR: Beyond proof – credibility assessment in EU asylum systems, 2013 Related terms ★★ real risk of suffering serious harm ★★ well-founded fear of persecution Notes 1. The credibility assessment is also a step taken in adjudicating an application for a visa or other immigration status, in order to determine whether the information presented by the applicant is consistent and believable (see the definition ‘credibility assessment’ in the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011). 2. Credibility is established where the applicant has presented a claim which is coherent and plausible, not contradicting generally known facts, and therefore is, on balance, capable of being believed. credibility assessment BG оценка на достоверността CS posouzení věrohodnosti; ověření věrohodnosti DE Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung / Prüfung der Glaubwürdigkeit EL αξιολόγηση της αξιοπιστίας ES evaluación de la credibilidad ET usaldusväärsuse (usutavuse) hindamine FI uskottavuusarviointi FR évaluation de la crédibilité GA measúnú creidiúnachta HU szavahihetőség értékelése IT valutazione di credibilità LT patikimumo vertinimas LV ticamības novērtējums MT Evalwazzjoni tal-kredibilità NL beoordeling van de geloofwaardigheid PL ocena wiarygodności PT RO evaluarea credibilitatii SK preukazovanie dôveryhodnosti SL ocena zanesljivosti SV trovärdighetsbedömning NO vurdering av troverdighet (b) / vurdering av truverd (n) C 71 Definition Act committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack. Source Art. 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Related terms ★★ exclusion clause ★★ genocide ★★ war crime Notes Crimes against humanity include: (a) murder; (b) extermination; (c) enslavement; (d) deportation or forcible transfer of population; (e) imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law; (f) torture; (g) rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilisation, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity; (h) persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognised as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court; (i) enforced disappearance of persons; (j) the crime of apartheid; (k) other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health. crime against humanity BG престъпление срещу човечеството CS zločin proti lidskoti DE Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit EL έγκλημα κατά της ανθρωπότητας ES crimen contra la humanidad ET inimsusevastane kuritegu FI rikos ihmiskuntaa / ihmisyyttä vastaan FR crime contre l’humanité GA coir i gcoinne an chine dhaonna HU emberiség elleni bűncselekmény IT crimine contro l’umanità LT nusikaltimas žmoniškumui LV noziegums pret cilvēci MT Reat kontra l-umanità NL misdrijf tegen de menselijkheid PL zbrodnia przeciwko ludzkości PT crimes contra a humanidade RO crimă împotriva umanităţii SK zločin proti ľudskosti SL zločin proti človeštvu SV brott mot mänskligheten NO forbrytelse mot menneskeheten (b) / brotsverk mot menneskeslekta (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 72 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A person who works as an employee or self-employed person in one Member State but is recognised as residing in another (neighbouring) Member State. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘cross-border workers’ by DG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD) Synonym ★★ cross-border commuter Related term ★★ frontier worker Notes 1. In dealing with cross-border issues a multitude of definitions for the term ‘cross-border worker / commuter’ exists. 2. The concept of cross-border workers covers different circumstances, depending on whether one takes the Community meaning (set out, in particular, in connection with social security) or the various definitions included in bilateral double-taxation agreements. 3. Where tax is concerned, bilateral double-taxation agreements determining the tax arrangements applicable to frontier workers use more restrictive definitions which additionally impose a spatial criterion: the fact of living and working in a frontier zone. 4. Often ‘cross-border workers’ and ‘frontier workers’ are considered as synonyms. However, cross-border workers are distinct from frontier workers to the extent that they do not necessarily work in the frontier zone of the host country. cross-border worker BG трансграничен работник CS přeshraniční pracovník; příhraniční pracovník DE Grenzgänger EL διασυνοριακής εργαζομένων ES trabajador transfronterizo ET piiriülene töötaja FI rajatyöntekijä FR travailleur transfrontalier GA oibrí trasteorann HU határ menti ingázó munkavállaló IT lavoratore frontaliero LT darbuotojas, kertantis vidaus sienas LV pārrobežu darba ņēmējs MT Ħaddiem transkonfinali / jaqsam fruntiera NL grensarbeider PL pracownik transgraniczny PT RO lucrator transfrontalier SK cezhraničný pracovník SL čezmejni delavec SV gränsarbetare NO grensependler (b) / grensependlar (n) C 73 Definition The ratio of net migration plus adjustment during the year to the average population in that year. Source Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database Related terms ★★ migration flow ★★ net migration ★★ population stock ★★ total migration Note The value is expressed per 1,000 inhabitants. The crude rate of net migration is equal to the difference between the crude rate of increase and the crude rate of natural increase (that is, net migration is considered as the part of population change not attributable to births and deaths). It is calculated in this way because immigration or emigration flows are either unknown or the figures are not sufficiently precise. crude rate of net migration BG общ коефициент на нетна миграция CS hrubá míra migračního salda DE rohe Netto-Migrationsrate EL το ποσοστό της καθαρής μετανάστευσης ES tasa neta de migración ET rändesaldo määr FI nettomaahanmuutto tuhatta henkeä kohden FR taux brut de solde migratoire GA garbhráta glanimirce HU nemzetközi migráció nettó különbözete IT tasso grezzo di migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio) LT neto migracija tūkstančiui gyventojų LV migrācijas saldo vispārīgais koeficients MT Rata bejn wieħed u ieħor ta’ migrazzjoni netta // Rata netta ta’ migrazzjoni NL bruto cijfer migratiesaldo PL współczynnik salda migracji PT taxa bruta do saldo migratório RO ata brută de migraţie SK hrubá miera čistej migrácie / hrubá miera migračného salda SL splošna stopnja neto migracije SV flyttningsnetto NO summarisk nettomigrasjonsrate A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 74 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The diversity of forms of culture in a society composed of groups of people from many different cultural backgrounds. Source Developed by EMN Related term ★★ cultural pluralism Notes 1. The UNESCO Declaration on Cultural Diversity reflects the diverse and pluralist understanding of culture and defines cultural diversity in Art. 1 as follows: ‘Diverse forms of culture across time and space which is embodied in the uniqueness and plurality of the identities of the groups and societies making up humankind and is a source of exchange, innovation and creativity.’ The scope and definition agreed on in the UNESCO declaration were partly retained in the 2005 UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity (UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression), the successive legally binding Convention, which is a landmark agreement in modern international law of culture and which sets out common rules, principles and points of reference for cultural diversity at the global level. 2. On 18 December 2006, the European Community ratified the UNESCO Convention. Preserving and promoting cultural diversity are among the Community’s founding principles: they are enshrined in the Treaty, under Art. 151, and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, under Art. 22.3. cultural diversity BG културно многообразие CS kulturní diverzita DE kulturelle Vielfalt EL πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία ES diversidad cultural ET kultuuriline mitmekesisus FI kulttuurinen moninaisuus / diversitetti FR diversité culturelle GA ilchineálacht chultúrtha HU kulturális sokféleség IT diversità culturale LT kultūrinė įvairovė LV kultūras daudzveidība MT Diversità kulturali NL culturele diversiteit PL różnorodność kulturowa PT diversidade cultural RO diversitate culturală SK kultúrna rozmanitosť / kultúrna diverzita SL kulturna raznolikost SV kulturell mångfald NO kulturelt mangfold (b) / kulturelt mangfald (n) C 75 Definition A policy aimed at the ensuring of harmonious interaction among people and groups with plural, varied and dynamic cultural identities as well as their willingness to live together. Source Art. 2 of UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity Related terms ★★ culture ★★ cultural diversity Notes 1. According to the UNESCO definition, policies for the inclusion and participation of all citizens are guarantees of social cohesion, the vitality of civil society and peace. Thus defined, cultural pluralism gives policy expression to the reality of cultural diversity. 2. See also the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of Cultural Expressions (2005). cultural pluralism BG културен плурализъм CS kulturní pluralismus DE kultureller Pluralismus EL πολιτιστικός πλουραλισμός ES pluralismo cultural ET kultuuride paljusus FI kulttuurinen monimuotoisuus / pluralismi FR pluralisme culturel GA iolrachas cultúrtha HU kulturális sokszínűség IT pluralismo culturale LT kultūrinis pliuralizmas LV kultūras plurālisms MT Pluraliżmu kulturali NL multiculturalisme PL pluralizm kulturowy PT pluralismo cultural RO pluralism cultural / multiculturalitate SK kultúrny pluralizmus SL kulturni pluralizem SV kulturell mångfald NO kulturell pluralisme Definition The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group encompassing, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs. Source Derived by EMN from the definition in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity Related term ★★ cultural pluralism culture BG култура CS kultura DE Kultur EL πολιτισμός; κουλτούρα ES cultura ET kultuur FI kulttuuri FR culture GA cultúr HU kultúra IT cultura LT kultūra LV kultūra MT Kultura NL cultuur PL kultura PT cultura RO cultura SK kultúra SL kultura SV kultur NO kultur A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 76 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are recorded (or are attributed) to the geographical area where they were present (or occurred) at a specified time. Source OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Related term ★★ de jure population Note This term is little used. de facto population BG фактическо население CS de facto obyvatelstvo DE De-facto-Bevölkerung / tatsächlich anwesende Bevölkerung EL de facto (εν τοις πράγμασι) πληθυσμός ES población (de hecho) ET de facto rahvastik (tegelik rahvastik) FI de facto -väestö FR population de fait GA daonra de facto HU népesség (de facto) IT popolazione de facto LT de facto gyventojų skaičius LV de facto iedzīvotāji MT Popolazzjoni de facto NL de facto bevolking PL populacja de facto PT população (de facto) RO populaţie (de facto) SK obyvateľstvo de facto / faktické obyvateľstvo / prítomné obyvateľstvo SL de facto prebivalstvo SV de facto-befolkning NO tilstedeværende befolkning /de facto befolkning (b) / folkesetnad tilstades /de facto-folkesetnad (n) D 77 Definition Person not recognised as a refugee (within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967) and who is unable or, for reasons recognised as valid, unwilling to return to their country of origin or country of nationality or, if they have no nationality, to the country of their habitual residence. Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed., 2011 Related terms ★★ (civil) war refugee ★★ displaced person ★★ forced migrant ★★ humanitarian protection ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection ★★ refugee in orbit Notes 1. This term is not defined in legal terms in the Member States. 2. In DE, this refers to a person who has not applied for asylum or whose asylum application has been rejected, but whose removal has been suspended due to concrete danger of life, body or freedom. For example, a person’s stay will be tolerated in DE on grounds of humanitarian law. de facto refugee BG no translation CS poživatel doplňkové ochrany DE De-facto-Flüchtling EL de facto πρόσφυγας ES refugiado de facto ET de facto pagulane FI tosiasiallinen pakolainen / de facto -pakolainen FR réfugié de facto GA dídeanaí de facto HU de facto menekült IT rifugiato de facto LT de facto pabėgėlis LV de facto bēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) de facto NL de facto vluchteling PL uchodźca de facto PT refugiado de facto RO refugiat de facto SK utečenec de facto SL de facto begunec SV de facto-flykting NO de facto-flyktning A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 78 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A person who has filed an application for family reunification and who is granted entry and residence by the Member State to stay with a legally resident family member or other. Source Developed by EMN Related terms ★★ family member ★★ sponsor Note For more information, see EMN: Family reunification, 2010. dependant BG лице на издръжка CS rodinný příslušník (osoba blízká, osoba závislá) DE zuzugsberechtigter Familienangehöriger EL συντηρούμενο / εξαρτώμενο μέλος ES dependiente ET ülalpeetav FI huollettava FR personne à charge GA cleithiúnaí HU eltartott IT persona a carico LT išlaikomas asmuo LV apgādājamais MT Persuna dipendenti NL afhankelijk gezinslid (very narrow: „persoon ten laste”) PL osoba pozostająca na utrzymaniu PT dependente / pessoa a cargo RO dependent SK závislá osoba SL vzdrževanec SV anhörig NO forsørget person (b) / forsørgd person (n) Definition A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are recorded (or are attributed) to a geographical area on the basis of the place of residence. Source OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Related term ★★ de facto population Note This term is little used. de jure population BG юридическо население CS de jure obyvatelstvo DE De-jure-Bevölkerung / Familien angehöriger, dem Unterhalt gewëhrt wird EL De jure (σύμφωνα με το νόμο) πληθυσμός ES población (de derecho) ET de jure rahvastik FI de jure -väestö FR population de droit GA daonra de jure HU népesség (de jure) IT popolazione de jure LT de jure gyventojų skaičius LV de jure iedzīvotāji MT Popolazzjoni de jure NL de jure bevolking PL populacja de jure PT população (de direito) RO populaţie (de drept) SK obyvateľstvo de jure / bývajúce obyvateľstvo SL de jure prebivalstvo SV de jure-befolkning NO hjemmehørende befolkning /de jure befolkning (b) / folkesetnad etter bustad / de jure-folkesetnad (n) D 79 Definition The act of a state in the exercise of its sovereignty in removing an alien from its territory to a certain place after refusal of admission or termination of permission to remain. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Synonym ★★ removal Broader term ★★ compulsory return Related term ★★ expulsion Note In IE, DE, UK, ‘deportation’ is defined in legislation, whilst in ES, NL, PT it is not used as a legal term and is applicable only as a general concept by the public, sometimes with a negative connotation. Because of this variation, ‘removal’ is the preferred term to use. deportation BG депортиране CS nucený návrat DE Abschiebung EL απέλαση ES expulsión ET väljasaatmine FI karkottaminen FR éloignement GA díbirt HU kitoloncolás IT espulsione/ deportazione LT deportacija LV piespiedu izraidīšana MT Deportazzjoni NL uitzetting PL deportacja PT deportação RO returnare SK vyhostenie SL odstranitev / deportacija SV utvisning NO uttransportering A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 80 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A person in detention. Source Developed by EMN Related term ★★ detention detainee BG задържан CS zajištěný cizinec DE Häftling EL κρατουμένου ES detenido ET kinnipeetav FI säilöön otettu FR personne retenue GA duine atá á choinneáil HU őrizetbevett (személy) IT detenuto LT sulaikytasis LV aizturētais MT Detenut(a) NL gedetineerde (vreemdelingenbewaring gestelde persoon (NL) or persoon in vasthouding / opgesloten persoon (BE) in case of return) PL osoba zatrzymana PT RO SK zaistená osoba SL pripornik SV förvarstagen person NO innsatt (b) / innsett (n) Definition The process of identifying a possible situation of trafficking in human beings. Source Derived by EMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signalling Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: Construction of a Guide, 2007 Broader term ★★ trafficking in human beings Related term ★★ identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings BG откриване на жертва на трафик на хора CS identifikace oběti obchodování s lidmi DE Erkennung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel EL ES detección de víctimas de trata de seres humanos ET inimkaubanduse ohvri staatuse tuvastamine FI ihmiskaupan uhrin havaitseminen FR détection d’une victime de la traite des êtres humains GA íospartach gáinneála a aimsiú HU emberkereskedelem áldozatának felderítése IT individuazione della vittima di tratta degli esseri umani LT prekybos žmonėmis aukos atpažinimas LV cilvēku tirdzniecības upura atpazīšana MT Sejbien ta’ vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni NL detectie van een slachtoffer van mensenhandel PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludźmi PT RO identificarea unei victime a traficului de fiinte umane SK zisťovanie [odhaľovanie] či je osoba obeťou obchodovania s ľuďmi SL zaznava žrtve trgovine z ljudmi SV upptäckt av offer för människohandel NO identifisering av et offer for menneskehandel (b) / identifisering av eit offer for menneskehandel (n) D 81 Source Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘detention’ in UNESCO’s ‘People on the Move’ Handbook EU context: Art. 2(h) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) and Art. 26 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Narrower term ★★ detention facility Related terms ★★ alternative to detention ★★ detainee Notes 1. EU provisions differentiate between different migration situations in which third-country nationals can be detained: detention of applicants for international protection, detention in order to prevent irregular entry into the territory of Member States and detention of irregular migrants involved in return proceedings. 2. Applicants for international protection may be detained at any stage of or throughout the asylum process, from the time an initial application is made up to the point of removal of an unsuccessful applicant for international protection. According to Art. 18 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedure Directive) it is not acceptable to detain a person solely for the reason that they have lodged an application for international protection. To ensure the non-arbitrariness of detention and the respect of fundamental rights of applicants for international protection, Directive 2013/33/EU introduced an exhaustive list of detention grounds (Art. 8) and put in place a number of procedural guarantees.The Directive also regulates the conditions in detention facilities (Art. 10). 3. In an EU return context, Member States may only detain or keep in a detention facility a third-country national who is the subject of return procedures in order to prepare the return and / or carry out the removal process, in particular when: (a) there is a risk of absconding; or (b) the third-country national concerned avoids or hampers the preparation of return or the removal process. Any detention shall be for as short a period as possible and only maintained as long as removal arrangements are in progress and executed with due diligence. See Art. 15 (1) of Directive 2008/115/ EC (Return Directive). 4. For further information, see EMN: The use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014. detention BG задържане CS zajištění DE Abschiebungshaft  EL κράτηση (διοικητική) ES internamiento ET kinnipidamine FI säilöönotto FR rétention  GA coinneáil HU őrizet IT trattenimento LT sulaikymas LV aizturēšana MT Detenzjoni NL detentie; vreemdelingenbewaring (in context of return) PL detencja / zatrzymanie PT detenção RO custodie publică SK zaistenie SL omejitev gibanja / pripor SV förvar NO forvaring Definition In the global migration context, non-punitive administrative measure ordered by an administrative or judicial authority(ies) in order to restrict the liberty of a person through confinement so that another procedure may be implemented. In the EU asylum context, confinement (i.e. deprivation of liberty) of an applicant for international protection by a Member State within a particular place, where the applicant is deprived of their personal liberty. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 82 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, a specialised facility used for the detention of third-country nationals in accordance with national law. In the EU return context, a specialised facility to keep in detention a third-country national who is the subject of return procedures in order to prepare the return and / or carry out the removal process, in particular when: (a) there is a risk of absconding; or (b) the third-country national concerned avoids or hampers the preparation of return or the removal process. Source Global context: derived by EMN from Art. 16 of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Return context: Art. 15 (1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonym ★★ detention centre Broader term ★★ detention Note Where a Member State cannot provide accommodation in a specialised detention facility and is obliged to resort to prison accommodation, the third-country nationals in detention shall be kept separated from ordinary prisoners. detention facility BG място за задържане CS zařízení pro zajištění cizinců / zajišťovací zařízení DE Haftzentrum  EL χώρος κράτησης (κρατητήρια) ES centro de internamiento ET kinnipidamisasutus FI säilöönottolaitos FR centre de rétention GA ionad coinneála HU őrzött szállás / fogda IT struttura di trattenimento LT sulaikymo centras LV aizturēšanas telpa MT Ċentru / Faċilità ta’ detenzjoni NL inrichting voor vreemdelingenbewaring PL ośrodek detencyjny PT centro de instalação temporária RO centru de cazare a străinilor luaţi în custodie publică SK útvar policajného zaistenia pre cudzincov (national law) / zariadenie určené pre zaistenie cudzincov SL objekt v katerem se izvaja omejitev gibanja / obejkt za pripor SV förvarsanläggning NO forvaringsleir D 83 Definition In the context of international protection, any quasi-judicial or administrative body in a Member State responsible for examining applications for international protection that is competent to take decisions at first instance in such cases. Source Art. 2(f) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directives) Synonym ★★ determining asylum authority Related terms ★★ case worker in procedures for international protection determining authority BG решаващ орган CS rozhodující orgán DE Asylbehörde EL αποφαινόμενη αρχή για το καθεστώς του πρόσφυγα ES autoridad decisoria de asilo ET tuvastav asutus FI määrittävä turvapaikkaviranomainen FR autorité responsable de la détermination GA údarás cinntitheach HU menedékjog iránti kérelem elbírálásáért felelős hatóság IT autorità responsabile per il riconoscimento dello status di rifugiato LT prašymą nagrinėti ir sprendimą dėl prieglobsčio suteikimo priimti įgaliota institucija LV atbildīgā iestāde par patvēruma pieteikuma izskatīšanu MT Awtorità għat-teħid ta’ deċiżjonijiet dwar l-ażil NL asielbeslissingsautoriteit  PL organ rozpatrujący wniosek PT autoridade responsável pela decisão (asilo) RO autoritatea responsabilă cu examinarea cererii de azil SK rozhodujúci orgán zodpovedný za preskúmanie žiadosti o udelenie azylu SL organ odločanja SV beslutande myndighet NO asylmyndighet (b) / asylstyresmakt (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 84 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An inter-regional intergovernmental consultative forum of migration officials in countries of origin, transit and destination along the migration routes in Africa, Europe and the Middle East with a focus on irregular and mixed migration, as well as on migration and development in the Mediterranean region and beyond, aiming to build common understandings and to jointly develop evidence-based comprehensive and sustainable migration management systems. Source Desciption of Mediterranean Transit Migration (MTM) on the website of ICMPD Synonym ★★ MTM Related terms ★★ Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership ★★ 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development Notes 1. The MTM Dialogue started in 2002 and involves numerous partcipants from Arab (APS) and European partner states (EPS) as well as seven international organisations.The International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) serves as its secretariat. Initially focusing on transit migration, the MTM extended its scope over the years to cover various aspects of migration management in the Mediterranean region and beyond. 2. The Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration is built on two pillars. The first one focuses on enhancing operational cooperation to combat irregular migration or, in other terms, on shorter-term measures to address irregular flows. The second pillar deals with a longer-term perspective by focusing on addressing the root causes of irregular flows through development cooperation and a better joint management of migration. These pillars are used as frameworks for the implementation of specific projects but cross-pillar projects are also put in place. Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration BG Диалог по Средиземно транзитната миграция CS Dialog o středomořské tranzitní migraci DE Dialog über Transitmigration im Mittelmeerraum EL Διάλογος για τη Μετανάστευση με Διέλευση της Μεσογείου ES Diálogo sobre la Migración de Tránsito en el Mediterráneo ET Vahemere transiitrände dialoog FI Välimeren kauttakulkumuuttoa koskeva vuoropuhelu FR Dialogue sur la migration de transit en Méditerranée  GA Idirphlé maidir le hImirce Idirthurais trasna na Meánmhara HU Párbeszéd a Mediterrán Tranzit Migrációról IT Dialogo sulla Migrazione di Transito nel Mediterraneo  LT Migracijos dialogas Viduržemio jūros regiono tranzitui LV Vidusjūras tranzīta migrācijas dialogs MT Djalogu fuq il-Migrazzjoni ta’ Tranżitu fil‑Mediterran  NL Dialoog rond Mediterrane transitmigratie PL Dialog nt. migracji tranzytowych w regionie basenu Morza Śródziemnego PT Diálogo sobre migração de trânsito no Mediterrâneo RO Dialogul cu privire la migraţia de tranzit în zona Mediteranei SK Dialóg o tranzitnej migrácii v Stredomorí SL Dialog o sredozemskih tranzitnih migracijah SV no usual translation NO Dialogen om transittmigrasjon i Middelhavet D 85 Definition Individuals and members of networks, associations and communities, who have left their country of origin, but maintain links with their homelands. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 Related term ★★ circular migration Notes 1. This concept covers more settled expatriate communities, migrant workers based abroad temporarily, expatriates with the nationality of the host country, dual nationals and second- / third-generation migrants. 2. It is a general term, with no legal definition, which can also cover Member State nationals (and immigrants) who feel strong connections to their origins. diaspora BG диаспора CS diaspora DE Diaspora EL διασπορά ES diáspora ET diasporaa FI diaspora FR diaspora GA diaspóra HU diaszpóra IT diaspora LT diaspora LV diaspora MT Dijaspora NL diaspora PL Diaspora PT diáspora RO diaspora SK diaspóra SL diaspora SV diaspora NO diaspora Definition A situation in which one person is treated less favourably than another is, has been or would be treated in a comparable situation on grounds of racial or ethnic origin. Source Art. 2(a) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) Broader term ★★ principle of equal treatment direct discrimination BG пряка дискриминация CS přímá diskriminace DE unmittelbare Diskriminierung EL άμεση διάκριση ES discriminación directa ET otsene diskrimineerimine FI välitön syrjintä FR discrimination directe GA idirdhealú díreach HU közvetlen diszkrimináció IT discriminazione diretta LT tiesioginė diskriminacija LV tieša diskriminācija MT Diskriminazzjoni diretta NL directe discriminatie PL dyskryminacja bezpośrednia PT discriminação directa RO discriminare directă SK priama diskriminácia SL neposredna diskriminacija SV direkt diskriminering NO direkte diskriminering A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 86 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the EU context, a third-country national or stateless person who has had to leave their country or region of origin, or has been evacuated, particularly in response to an appeal by international organisations, and is unable to return in safe and durable conditions because of the situation prevailing in that country, who may fall within the scope of Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951 or other international or national instruments giving international protection, in particular: (i) a person who has fled areas of armed conflict or endemic violence; (ii) a person at serious risk of, or who has been the victim of, systematic or generalised violations of their human rights. Source Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive) Broader term ★★ forced migrant Narrower terms ★★ environmentally displaced person ★★ internally displaced person Related terms ★★ (civil) war refugee ★★ de facto refugee ★★ displacement ★★ refugee displaced person BG разселено лице CS vysídlená osoba DE Vertriebener EL εκτοπισμένο πρόσωπο ES población desplazada ET ümberasustatud isik FI siirtymään joutunut henkilö FR personne déplacée GA duine easáitithe HU lakóhelyét elhagyni kényszerült személy IT sfollato LT perkeltasis asmuo LV pārvietota persona MT Persuna sfollata // maqlugħa minn darha // li kellha tħalli darha NL ontheemde PL osoba przesiedlona PT deslocado RO persoană strămutată SK vysídlená osoba / vysídlenec (EU acquis) / odídenec (national law) SL razseljena oseba SV fördriven person NO fordrevet person (b) / fordriven person (n) D 87 Definition The simultaneous possession of two or more citizenships by the same person. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2b of the European Convention on Nationality Synonyms ★★ multiple citizenship ★★ multiple nationality Broader term ★★ citizenship dual citizenship BG двойно гражданство CS dvojí občanství DE Doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit/ Staatsbürgerschaft, Doppelstaatigkeit EL διπλή ιθαγένεια ES doble nacionalidad ET topeltkodakondsus FI monikansalaisuus FR double nationalité GA déshaoránacht HU állampolgárság (többes) IT doppia cittadinanza LT kelių valstybių pilietybė LV dubultā pilsonība MT Ċittadinanza doppja NL meervoudige nationaliteit (NL syn.: meervoudig staatsburgerschap) PL podwójne obywatelstwo PT dupla nacionalidade RO cetatenie dubla / multipla SK dvojité štátne občianstvo / dvojitá štátna príslušnosť (dual citizenship) / viacnásobné štátne občianstvo / viacnásobná štátna príslušnosť (multiple citizenship) SL dvojno državljanstvo SV dubbelt medborgarskap NO dobbelt statsborgerskap (b) / dobbel statsborgarskap (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 88 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Convention determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for asylum lodged in one of the Member States of the European Union. Source Dublin Convention Related terms ★★ Dublin procedure ★★ Dublin Regulation ★★ Dublin transfer ★★ Eurodac ★★ transfer order Notes 1. The Dublin Convention was signed in Dublin, Ireland on 15 June 1990, and first came into force on 1 September 1997 for the first 12 signatories. The Treaty has been extended to other Member States and some countries outside the Union. 2. The Dublin Convention was replaced by Council Regulation No 343/2003 (Dublin II regulation). Its validity ended on 16 March 2003. Dublin Convention BG Дъблинска конвенция CS Dablinský úmluva DE Dubliner Übereinkommen EL σύμβαση του Δουβλίνου ES Convenio de Dublín ET Dublini konventsioon FI Dublinin yleissopipus FR Convention de Dublin GA Coinbhinsiún Bhaile Átha Cliath HU Dublini Egyezmény IT Convenzione di Dublino LT Dublino konvencija LV Dublinas konvencija MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Dublin NL Overeenkomst van Dublin PL Konwencja Dublińska PT Convenção de Dublin RO Convenția Dublin SK Dublinský dohovor SL Dublinska konvencija SV Dublinkonventionen NO Dublin-konvensjonen Definition The process of determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national under Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation). Source Derived by EMN from Art. 20 of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Related terms ★★ Dublin Convention ★★ Dublin Regulation ★★ Dublin transfer ★★ Eurodac ★★ transfer order Dublin procedure BG Дъблинска процедура / процедура за определяне на държавата членка, компетентна за разглеждането на молба за международна закрила CS dublinské řízení DE Dublin-Verfahren EL διαδικασία του Δουβλίνου ES Procedimiento de Dublin ET Dublini menetlus FI Dublin-menettely FR procédure de Dublin GA nós imeachta Bhaile Átha Cliath HU Dublini eljárás IT procedura Dublino LT procedūra pagal Dublino reglamentą LV Dublinas procedūra MT Proċedura (Il-) ta’ Dublin NL Dublinprocedure PL procedura dublińska PT RO procedura Dublin SK dublinské konanie SL Dublinski postopek SV Dublinprocess NO Dublin-prosedyren D 89 Definition Regulation which lays down the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person. Source Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Related terms ★★ asylum shopping ★★ Dublin Convention ★★ Dublin procedure ★★ Dublin transfer ★★ Eurodac ★★ transfer order Dublin Regulation BG Регламент Дъблин CS Nařízení Dublin III DE Dublin-Verordnung EL Κανονισμός του Δουβλίνου ES Reglamento de Dublín ET Dublini määrus FI Dublin-asetus FR Règlement de Dublin GA Rialachán Bhaile Átha Cliath HU dublini rendelet IT Regolamento di Dublino LT Dublino reglamentas LV Dublinas regula MT Regolament (Ir-) ta’ Dublin NL Dublinverordening PL Rozporządzenie Dublińskie PT Regulamento de Dublin RO Regulamentul Dublin SK Dublinské nariadenie SL Dublinska Uredba SV Dublinförordningen NO Dublin-forordningen (b) / Dublin-forordninga (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 90 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition (a) The transfer of responsibility for the examination of the merits of an application for international protection from one Member State to another Member State. (b) The (physical) transfer of an applicant to the Member State who is considered to be responsible for examining the merits of an application following a Dublin procedure. Source (a) Derived by EMN from Art. 17(2) and 19(1) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) (b) Derived by EMN from Art. 29 of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Narrower term ★★ transfer order Related terms ★★ Dublin Convention ★★ Dublin procedure ★★ Dublin Regulation ★★ transfer order Notes 1. The determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection is done on the basis of objective and hierarchical criteria, as laid out in Chapter III of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation). 2. For more information on the Dublin Regulation, see the description of policy on the examination of applications for asylum on the DG HOME website. Dublin transfer BG Трансфер по Дъблин/ прехвърляне съгласно Регламента Дъблин CS dublinský transfer DE Übertragung der Zuständigkeit / Dublin-Überstellung EL Δουβλίνου μεταφοράς ES ET Dublini üleandmine FI Dublinin asetuksen mukainen siirto FR Transfert Dublin GA aistriú Bhaile Átha Cliath HU no usual translation IT trasferimento degli obblighi dello Stato competente nella procedura Dublino LT perdavimas pagal Dublino reglamentą LV personas pārsūtīšana Dublinas regulas ietvaros MT Trasferiment skont il-proċedura ta’ Dublin NL Dublinoverdracht PL przekazanie dublińskie PT RO SK dublinský transfer SL Dublinski transfer / Dublinski prenos SV Dublinöverföring NO Dublin-overføring (av ansvar) D 91 Definition Any means by which the situation of refugees can be satisfactorily and permanently resolved to enable them to live normal lives. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Related term ★★ resettlement Note The UNHCR traditionally pursues the durable solutions of voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement. durable solutions BG трайни решения CS trvalé řešení DE dauerhafte Lösung EL ανθεκτική λύση ES soluciones duraderas ET püsivad lahendused FI kestävät ratkaisut FR solutions durables GA buanréitigh; réitigh mharthanacha (uatha: buanréiteach; réiteach marthanach) HU a fenntarthatóságot szolgáló intézkedések IT soluzione durevole LT ilgalaikiai sprendimai LV ilgtspējīgi risinājumi MT Soluzzjonijiet dewwiema / li jibqgħu fis-seħħ NL duurzame oplossing PL trwałe rozwiązania PT RO solutii durabile SK trvalé riešenia / trvácne riešenia (depending on the context) SL trajne rešitve SV hållbara lösningar NO varige løsninger (b) / varige løysingar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 92 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation with its Eastern neighbours whose main goal is to create the necessary conditions to accelerate political association and further economic integration. Source Website of the European Neighbourhood Policy Synonyms ★★ EAP ★★ Söderköping Process Broader term ★★ European Neighbourhood Policy Related terms ★★ Black Sea Synergy ★★ Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Notes 1. Within the context of the Eastern Partnership Platform 1 (democracy, good governance and stability), the Eastern Partnership Panel on Migration and Asylum (EaP) was created in 2011. The overall objective of the Panel is to strengthen the asylum and migration systems of Eastern partners and advance the dialogue on migration and asylum issues between the Eastern partners and the EU, as well as amongst the Eastern partners. 2. The precursor of the EaP was the Söderköping Process, which was launched in May 2001 as a cross-border cooperation on asylum and migration in order to respond to new challenges due to the EU’s enlargement eastwards. With the establishment of the Panel on Migration and Asylum within the Eastern Partnership’s Platform 1, the work of the Söderköping Process is being carried on within the multilateral dimension of the Eastern Partnership. 3. For more information, see the website of the EAP: http://eapmigrationpanel.org/page39964.html Eastern Partnership BG Източно партньорство CS Východní partnerství DE Östliche Partnerschaft EL Aνατολική Εταιρική Σχέση ES Asociación Oriental ET idapartnerlus FI itäinen kumppanuus FR Partenariat oriental GA Comhpháirtíocht an Oirthir HU Keleti Partnerség IT Partenariato Orientale LT Rytų partnerystė LV Austrumu partnerība MT Sħubija mal-Lvant NL Oostelijk Partnerschap PL Partnerstwo Wschodnie PT parceria oriental RO Parteneriatul Estic SK Východné partnerstvo SL Vzhodno partnerstvo SV Östra partnerskapet NO Det østlige partnerskapet (b) / Det austlege partnarskapet (n) E 93 Definition A person who leaves their country of origin purely for economic reasons that are not in any way related to the refugee definition, in order to seek material improvements in their livelihood. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Synonym ★★ economic refugee Broader term ★★ migrant Narrower terms ★★ guest worker ★★ migrant worker Related terms ★★ economic migration ★★ managed migration Notes 1. Economic migrants do not fall within the criteria for refugee status and are therefore not entitled to benefit from international protection as refugees. 2. Economic migrants are sometimes referred to as economic refugees, but this is a misuse of the term ‘refugee’. economic migrant BG иконимически мигрант CS ekonomický migrant DE Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen / Wirtschaftsmigrant EL οικονομικός μετανάστης ES persona migrante por motivos económicos ET majandusmigrant FI taloudellisten syiden vuoksi muuttava henkilö FR migrant économique GA imirceach eacnamaíoch HU gazdasági migráns IT migrante economico LT ekonominis migrantas LV ekonomiskais migrants MT Migrant(a) għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi NL economische migrant PL migrant ekonomiczny PT migrante económico RO migrant economic SK ekonomický migrant SL ekonomski migrant SV ekonomisk migrant NO økonomisk migrant A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 94 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Migration mainly for economic reasons or in order to seek material improvements to livelihood. Source Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Broader term ★★ migration Narrower term ★★ labour migration Related terms ★★ economic migrant ★★ forced migration ★★ managed migration economic migration BG икономическа миграция CS ekonomická migrace DE Wirtschaftsmigration / Migration aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen EL οικονομική μετανάστευση ES migración económica ET majandusränne FI taloudellisista syistä tapahtuva maahanmuutto FR migration économique GA imirce eacnamaíoch HU gazdasági (célú) migráció IT migrazione economica LT ekonominė migracija LV ekonomiskā migrācija MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi NL economische migratie PL migracja ekonomiczna PT migração económica RO migraţie economică SK ekonomická migrácia SL ekonomska migracija SV ekonomisk migration NO økonomisk migrasjon Definition In the global context, a resident (national or alien) departing or exiting from one State intending to remain abroad for a period exceeding one year. In the EU context, a person who, having previously been usually resident in the territory of a Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months. Source Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration EU context: Art. 2(c) and (g) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Broader term ★★ migrant Related terms ★★ immigrant ★★ emigration ★★ short-term migrant Note National legislation might understand different time limits in their definitions. emigrant BG емигрант CS vystěhovalec; emigrant DE Abwanderer / Auswanderer / Emigrant EL απόδημος / μετανάστης ES emigrante ET väljarändaja FI maastamuuttaja / siirtolainen FR émigrant  GA eisimirceach HU emigráns IT emigrante LT emigrantas LV emigrants MT Emigrant(a) NL emigrant PL emigrant PT emigrante RO emigrant SK vysťahovalec (national law) / emigrant SL izseljenec /emigrant SV utvandrare NO utvandrer E 95 Definition In the global context, the act of departing or exiting from one State with the intention to remain abroad for a period exceeding one year. In the EU context, the action by which a person, having previously been usually resident in the territory of a Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that Member State or another Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months. Source Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration EU context: Art. 2(c) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Broader term ★★ migration Related terms ★★ emigrant ★★ immigration emigration BG емиграция CS vystěhovalectví; emigrace DE Abwanderung / Auswanderung / Emigration EL αποδημία/ μετανάστευση ES emigración ET väljaränne FI maastamuutto FR émigration GA eisimirce HU emigráció/ kivándorlás IT emigrazione LT emigracija LV emigrācija MT Emigrazzjoni NL emigratie PL emigracja PT emigração RO emigraţie SK vysťahovalectvo (national law) / emigrácia SL izselitev /emigracija SV utvandring NO utvandring Definition Worker holding an explicit or implicit employment contract, which gives them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Source ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008 Related terms ★★ employer ★★ employment ★★ self-employed person employee BG работник CS zaměstnanec DE Arbeitnehmer EL εργαζόμενος; υπάλληλος ES empleado ET töötaja FI työntekijä FR salarié GA fostaí HU alkalmazott / munkavállaló IT occupato LT darbuotojas LV darba ņēmējs / darbinieks MT Impjegat(a) NL werknemer PL pracownik PT empregado RO angajat SK zamestnanec SL zaposleni / delavec SV anställd NO ansatt (b) / tilsett (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 96 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Any natural person or any legal entity, including temporary work agencies, for or under the direction and / or supervision of whom the employment is undertaken. Source Art. 2(d) of Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) Related terms ★★ employee ★★ employment ★★ self-employed person employer BG работодател CS zaměstnavatel DE Arbeitgeber EL εργοδότης ES empleador ET tööandja FI työnantaja FR employeur GA fostóir HU munkáltató IT datore di lavoro LT darbdavys LV darba devējs MT Min iħaddem // Min jimpjega NL werkgever PL pracodawca PT empregador RO angajator SK zamestnávateľ SL delodajalec SV arbetsgivare NO arbeidsgiver (b) / arbeidsgjevar (n) Definition In the context of migration, penalties, including fines, repayments to victims / the State and incarceration, imposed on employers by the Member State for breaking employment and / or migration rules. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 5 and 7 of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employers Sanctions Directive) Related terms ★★ illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country national employer sanction BG санкция на работодателя CS sankce a opatření vůči zaměstnavatelům DE Arbeitgebersanktion / Sanktion gegen einen Arbeitgeber EL κυρώσεις κατά των εργοδοτών ES sanción al empleador ET sanktsioonid tööandjale FI työnantajalle määrättävä seuraamus FR sanction à l’encontre d’un employeur GA smachtbhanna in aghaidh fostóra HU munkáltatók elleni szankciók IT sanzione nei confronti del datore di lavoro LT sankcijos darbdaviui LV darba devējam piemērojamās sankcijas MT Sanzjoni fuq min iħaddem / jimpjega NL sancties tegen werkgevers PL sankcja wobec pracodawcy PT RO sancţiune aplicată angajatorului SK sankcie voči zamestnávateľovi SL sankcije zoper delodajalca SV sanktion mot arbetsgivare NO sanksjon mot arbeidsgiver (b) / sanksjon mot arbeidsgjevar (n) E 97 Definition The exercise of activities covering whatever form of labour or work regulated under national law or in accordance with established practice for or under the direction and / or supervision of an employer. Source Art. 2 (c) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) Related terms ★★ employee ★★ employer ★★ occupation employment BG заетост CS zaměstnání DE Beschäftigung EL πρόσληψη/ εργασία ES empleo ET töötamine FI työnteko FR emploi GA fostaíocht HU foglalkoztatás IT lavoro LT darbas / užimtumas LV nodarbinātība MT Impjieg NL tewerkstelling PL zatrudnienie PT emprego RO angajare SK zamestnanie SL zaposlitev SV anställning NO sysselsetting (b) / sysselsetjing (n) Definition Any measure taken by the enforcing Member State with a view to implementing an expulsion decision. Source Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive) Related terms ★★ expulsion ★★ expulsion decision ★★ return decision Note In IE and UK this term is used in a more global sense, refering to any action that is taken to enable the implementation of the immigration law including all forms of removal. enforcement measure BG принудителна мярка CS výkonné opatření DE Vollstreckungsmaßnahme EL μέτρο εκτέλεσης; μέτρο επιβολής ES medida de ejecución ET sunnimeede FI täytäntöönpanotoimenpide FR mesure d’exécution GA beart forfheidhmiúcháin HU végrehajtási intézkedés IT misura di esecuzione LT vykdymo priemonė LV izpildes pasākums MT Miżura ta’ infurzar NL uitvoeringsmaatregel PL środek wykonawczy PT medida de execução RO măsură de aplicare SK vykonávacie opatrenie SL ukrep za uveljavitev / ukrep za izvršitev SV verkställighetsåtgärd NO iverksettelsestiltak (b) / iverksetjingstiltak (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 98 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An administrative or judicial decision or act prohibiting entry into and stay in the territory of the Member States for a specified period, accompanying a return decision. Source Art. 3(6) of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonym ★★ re-entry ban entry ban BG забрана за влизане CS zákaz vstupu DE Einreiseverbot EL απαγόρευση εισόδου ES prohibición de entrada ET sissesõidukeeld FI maahantulokielto FR interdiction du territoire GA toirmeasc ar iontráil HU beutazási tilalom IT divieto di ingresso LT draudimas atvykti LV ieceļošanas aizliegums MT Dħul miżmum // Inibizzjoni fuq id-dħul NL inreisverbod PL zakaz wjazdu PT interdição de entrada RO interdicţie de intrare SK zákaz vstupu SL prepoved vstopa SV inreseförbud NO innreiseforbud (b) / innreiseforbod (n) E 99 Definition A person subject to forced migration as a result of sudden, drastic environmental changes. Source Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘environmental refugee’ in the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Synonyms ★★ environmental refugee ★★ environmentally-driven migrant Broader term ★★ displaced person Related term ★★ internally displaced person Note Environmentally displaced persons are sometimes referred to as environmental refugees, but this is a misuse of the term ‘refugee’ as they are not refugees in the strict sense of Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951, although their migration is forced. environmentally displaced person BG разселено лице по екологични причини CS enviromentální uprchlík DE Umweltvertriebener EL εσωτερικώς εκτοπισμένο άτομο (για περιβαλλοντικούς λόγους) ES población desplazada por motivos medioambientales ET keskkonnapõhjustel ümberasustatud isik FI ympäristötekijöiden vuoksi siirtymään joutunut FR personne déplacée pour des raisons environnementales GA duine easáitithe de dheasca dálaí comhshaoil HU lakóhelyét környezeti okból elhagyni kényszerült személy IT sfollato per motivi ambientali LT perkeltasis asmuo dėl ekologinių priežasčių LV vides faktoru ietekmē pārvietota persona MT Persuna sfollata għal raġunijiet ambjentali NL door milieufactoren verdreven ontheemde (not commonly used in NL) PL osoba przesiedlona z powodu środowiska naturalnego PT deslocado ambiental RO persoană strămutată din cauze legate de mediul înconjurător SK osoba vysídlená z environmentálnych dôvodov SL okoljsko razseljena oseba SV fördriven person (på grund av miljökatastrof) NO person fordrevet på grunn av miljøskader (b) / person fordriven på grunn av miljøskadar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 100 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Rendering an area ethnically homogeneous by using force or intimidation to remove from a given area persons of another ethnic or religious group, which is contrary to international law. Source UN Security Council: Final Report of the Commission of Experts established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780, 1992 Related term ★★ genocide Notes 1. General Assembly resolution 47/121 referred in its Preamble to ‘the abhorrent policy of “ethnic cleansing”’. 2. Trial Chamber Judgment of 2 August 2001 of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has observed, while ‘there are obvious similarities between a genocidal policy and the policy commonly known as “ethnic cleansing”’, yet ‘[a] clear distinction must be drawn between physical destruction and mere dissolution of a group. The expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice for genocide’. 3. These legal documents thus state that crimes committed during an ethnic cleansing are similar to those of genocide, but while genocide includes an intent at complete or partial destruction of the target group, ethnic cleansing may involve murder only to the point of mobilising the target group out of the territory. Hence, there may be varied degrees of mass murder in an ethnic cleansing, often subsiding when the target group appears to be leaving the desired territory, while during genocide the mass murder is ubiquitous and constant throughout the process, continuing even while the target group tries to flee. ethnic cleansing BG етничеко прочистване CS etnická čistka DE ethnische Säuberung EL εθνική εκκαθάριση ES limpieza étnica ET etniline puhastus FI etninen puhdistus FR nettoyage ethnique GA glanadh eitneach HU etnikai tisztogatás IT pulizia etnica LT etninis valymas LV etniskā tīrīšana MT Tindif etniku NL etnische zuivering PL czystki etniczne PT limpeza étnica RO purificare etnică SK etnické čistky SL etnično čiščenje SV etnisk rensning NO etnisk rensing (b) / etnisk reinsing (n) E 101 Definition A synonym of ethnicity or nationality, used in some Member States in addition to citizenship. Source Towards Harmonised European Statistics on International Migration (THESIM) project Synonyms ★★ ethnicity ★★ nationality Related terms ★★ citizenship ★★ minority Notes 1. Ethnic nationality is often a self-declared adhesion to a specific ethnic group and this information is collected at a census but also sometimes in administrative registration. 2. This concept should not be confused with citizenship. ethnic nationality BG етническа националност CS národnost DE ethnische Zugehörigkeit EL εθνικότητα ES origen étnico ET rahvus FI etninen tausta FR origine ethnique GA náisiúntacht eitneach HU nemzetiség IT nazionalità etnica LT tautybė / etninė kilmė LV tautība MT Nazzjonalità etnika NL etniciteit (syn.: etnische achtergrond, etnische afkomst) PL narodowość etniczna PT origem étnica RO naţionalitate/ origine etnică SK národnosť SL nacionalna pripadnost / etnična pripadnost SV tillhörighet till etnisk grupp NO etnisk tilhørighet (b) / etnisk tilhøyrsle (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 102 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The body of common rights and obligations that is binding on all EU Member States and that is constantly evolving, which comprises: - the content, principles and political objectives of the Treaties; - legislation adopted pursuant to the Treaties and the case law of the Court of Justice; - declarations and resolutions adopted by the Union; - instruments under the Common Foreign and Security Policy; - instruments under Justice and Home Affairs; - international agreements concluded by the European Union and those entered into by its Member States among themselves within the sphere of the Union’s activities. Source DG Home e-Library Glossary Synonym ★★ acquis Narrower term ★★ asylum acquis Note The term is used in the context of asylum and migration and refers to all rights and obligations that are binding on EU Member States with regard to asylum and migration. EU acquis BG право на Общността EC CS acquis EU DE EU-Besitzstand EL ES acervo comunitario ET Euroopa Liidu õigustik FI EU:n säännöstö FR acquis communautaire GA acquis (fágtha sa Laidin Fhraincis i leaganacha Gaeilge de reachtaíocht na hEorpa) HU EU Közösségi vívmányok IT acquis UE LT ES acquis LV ES acquis MT Acquis (L-) Komunitarju NL gemeenschapsrecht PL acquis UE PT acquis UE RO acquis a UE SK právo Európskej únie / právo EÚ (national law) / acquis EÚ / súbor právnych predpisov EÚ SL acquis EU SV unionens regelverk NO EU-rettsregler (b) / EU-rettsreglar (n) E 103 Definition The authorisation bearing the term ‘EU Blue Card’ entitles its holder to reside and work in the territory of a Member State under the terms of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive). Source Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive) Related terms ★★ highly qualified employment ★★ highly qualified migrant ★★ residence permit EU Blue Card BG синя карта на ЕС CS Modrá karta EU DE Blaue Karte EU EL μπλε κάρτα Ε.Ε. ES tarjeta azul UE ET Euroopa Liidu sinine kaart FI EU:n sininen kortti FR carte bleue européenne GA cárta gorm an AE HU EU kék kártya IT Carta blu UE LT ES mėlynoji kortelė LV ES zilā karte MT Karta (Il-) Blu tal-UE NL Europese blauwe kaart (syn. Blue Card) PL Niebieska Karta UE PT cartão azul UE RO Cartea Albastră a UE SK modrá karta Európskej únie (national law) / modrá karta EÚ SL modra karta EU SV EU-blåkort NO EU-blåkort Definition A third-country national who has acquired the authorisation bearing the term ‘EU Blue Card’ entitling them to reside and work in the territory of a Member State under the terms of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive). Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive) EU Blue Card holder BG притежател на синя карта на ЕС CS držitel Modré karty EU DE Inhaber einer Blauen Karte EU  EL ES titular de la tarjeta azul UE ET Euroopa Liidu sinise kaardi omanik FI EU:n sinisen kortin haltija FR titulaire d’une carte bleue européenne GA sealbhóir chárta gorm an AE HU EU kék kártya tulajdonos IT titolare di Carta blu UE LT ES mėlynosios kortelės turėtojas LV ES zilās kartes turētājs MT Portatur(-triċ) (Il-) tal-Karta Blu tal-UE NL houder van een Europese blauwe kaart PL posiadacz Niebieskiej Karty UE PT titular do cartão azul UE RO posesorul Cărţii Albastre a UE SK držiteľ modrej karty Európskej únie / držiteľ modrej karty EÚ SL imetnik EU modre karte SV innehavare av EU-blåkort NO innehaver av EU-blåkort (b) / innehavar av EU blåkort (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 104 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A website with hands-on information for foreign nationals interested in moving to the EU acting as a first point of entry. It provides up-to-date, practical information on EU and national immigration procedures and policies. Source Developed by the EMN Synonym ★★ EUIP Broader term ★★ immigration Related terms ★★ European Migration Network ★★ European Website on Integration Notes 1. The EU Immigration Portal was launched in November 2011 (see European Commission Press Release IP/11/1370 of 18 November 2011). 2. The website can be accessed at: http://ec.europa.eu/immigration/ EU Immigration Portal BG Имиграционен портал на ЕС CS Imigrační portál EU DE EU-Zuwanderungsportal EL Διαδικτυακή Πύλη της ΕΕ για τη Μετανάστευση ES Portal de la Inmigración de la UE ET EL sisserändeportaal FI EU:n maahanmuuttoportaali FR Portail de l’UE sur l’immigration GA Tairseach Inimirce AE HU uniós bevándorlási portált IT Portale europeo dell’immigrazione LT ES imigracijos portalas LV ES Imigrācijas portāls MT Portal (Il-) tal-UE dwar l-Immigrazzjoni NL EU-portaalsite over immigratie PL Portal Imigracyjny UE PT Portal da Imigração da UE RO Portalul UE privind imigrația SK Imigračný portál EÚ SL EU Portal o priseljevanju SV EU:s invandringsportal NO Informasjonsportal om innvandring til EUs medlemsland E 105 Definition A forum for the identification of common challenges and areas for mutual cooperation, as well as building a stronger evidence base for EU-LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean) migration in order to better understand its realities, based on the principle of shared responsibility, strengthening the commitment and willingness of both sides to discuss migration issues. Source European Council Press Release on launching of EU-LAC dialogue Related term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. In June 2009, the European Union and the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) formally launched the Structured and Comprehensive bi-regional Dialogue on Migration. 2. In the framework of the Dialogue, parties will exchange views in the following main areas: link between migration and development; regular migration and irregular migration; migration and the issue of human rights, including protection of migrants in accordance with international obligations; the fight against all forms of discrimination, racism and xenophobia; legislative and administrative measures applicable to migrants in an irregular situation; issues related to return on a dignified basis and voluntary return; measures to combat trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, and the prevention of document fraud. 3. For more information, see the website of the EU-LAC Dialogue: http://www.migracion-ue-alc.eu/index.php/en-GB/ EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration BG Структурен диалог по въпросите на миграцията между ЕС и страните от Латинска Америка CS Strukturální dialog o migraci mezi EU a Latinskou Amerikou DE Strukturierter Dialog über Migrationsfragen zwischen der EU und den Ländern Lateinamerikas und der Karibik EL ES Diálogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migración ET (EL ja Lõuna-Ameerika ning Kariibi) või EL ja LAC rände struktureeritud dialoog FI EU:n ja Latinalaisen Amerikan ja Karibian maiden välinen rakenteellinen vuoropuhelu muuttoliikkeestä FR Dialogue structuré sur les migrations entre l’UE et les pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (ALC) GA Idirphlé Struchtúrtha idir an AE agus tíortha Mheiriceá Laidinigh agus Mhuir Chairib (MLC) maidir leis an Imirce HU EU-LAC strukturális migrációs párbeszéd IT Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione LT ES-Lotynų Amerikos ir Karibų jūros regiono valstybių struktūrinis dialogas migracijos klausimais LV Eiropas Savienības, Latīņamerikas un Karību jūras reģiona valstu strukturēts dialogs par migrāciju MT Djalogu Strutturat fuq il-Migrazzjoni - UE u ALK NL EU-LAC gestructureerde dialoog over migratie PL EU-LAC Strukturalny dialog na rzecz migracji PT diálogo estruturado sobre migrações EU-ALC RO dialogul structurat cu privire la migraţie EU-LAC SK Štruktúrovaný dialóg EÚ - Latinská Amerika a Karibik o migrácii SL EU - LAC Strukturni dialog o migracijah SV EU-LAC strukturerad dialog om migration NO EU–LACs strukturerte dialog om migrasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 106 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A European Union Network for asylum practitioners providing a forum for the exchange of country of origin information, best practices and a variety of policy-related matters among EU Member States, asylum adjudicators and the European Commission, which aims to improve and maximise convergence on approaches to, and assessment of, the protection needs of asylum seekers. Source European Commission Staff Working Document, SEC(2006) 189 Related terms ★★ Common European Asylum System ★★ European Asylum Support Office Notes 1. Eurasil was established by the European Commission in July 2002 following the decision of the Committee of the Permanent Representatives (Coreper II) on 6 March to cease the activities of the CIREA group (Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on Asylum). 2. EURASIL meetings were attended by representatives of the national ministries and asylum authorities of the 28 Member States, as well as of CH, NO and IS. Depending on the topics of the meeting, international organisations such as UNHCR or IOM attended Eurasil as external experts. 3. With the establishment of the European Asylum Support Office, EASO has taken over responsibility for Eurasil and further developed EURASIL activities (EASO Practical Cooperation). Eurasil BG Евроазил CS Eurasil DE Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen Union (Eurasil) EL Ομάδα στο πλαίσιο της Ε.Επιτροπής για την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών για τις χώρες καταγωγής αιτούντων άσυλο ES Eurasil ET Eurasil FI Eurasil FR Eurasil GA Eurasil HU Eurasil IT Eurasil LT Eurasil LV Eurasil MT Eurasil NL Eurasil PL Eurasil PT Eurasil RO Eurasil SK Eurasil SL Eurasil SV Eurasil NO Eurasil E 107 Definition A framework for dialogue and consultation between EU Member States and African countries from North, West and Central Africa, as well as the European Commission and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), focusing on regional cooperation in the field of migration between countries of origin, transit and destination along current migration routes and within which concrete, practical initiatives are implemented. Source Website of the Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development Synonyms ★★ Euro-African Ministerial Conference on Migration and Development ★★ Rabat Process Related terms ★★ 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. The Euro-African Migration and Development process started with a ministerial conference in Rabat in 2006. 2. For more information, see the website of the Euro-African Dialogue: http://www.processusderabat.net/web/ Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development BG Евро-африкански диалог по миграция и развитие CS Dialog EU a Afriky k migraci a rozvoj DE Europäisch -afrikanischer Dialog über Migration und Entwicklung / Euro-afrikanischer Dialog über Migration und Entwicklung EL ES dialogo euroafricano sobre migración y desarrollo ET Euro-Aafrika rände ja arenguabi dialoog FI muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä koskeva Euro–Afrikka-dialogi FR Dialogue euro-africain sur la migration et le développement GA Idirphlé Eora-Afracach maidir le hImirce agus Forbairt HU Euro-afrikai Dialógus a migrációról és fejlesztésről IT Dialogo Euro-Africano sulla Migrazione e lo Sviluppo LT Europos-Afrikos dialogas migracijos ir vystymosi klausimais LV Eiropas Savienības un Āfrikas dialogs par migrāciju un attīstību MT Djalogu Ewro-Afrikan fuq il-Migrazzjoni u l-Iżvilupp NL Europees-Afrikaanse Ministeriële Conferentie over Migratie en Ontwikkeling PL Euro-Afrykański Dialog na rzecz Migracji i Rozwoju PT conferência ministerial euro-africana sobre migração e desenvolvimento RO Dialogul EU-Africa în domeniul migraţiei şi dezvoltării SK Euro-africký dialóg o migrácii a rozvoji SL Evro - Afriški dialog o migracijah in razvoju SV no usual translation NO Den europeisk-afrikanske dialogen om migrasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 108 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The name given to an informatic system, the purpose of which, via the collection, transmission and comparison of fingerprints, is to assist in determining which Member State is to be responsible pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) for examining an application for international protection lodged in a Member State by a third-country national or a stateless person, and otherwise to facilitate the application of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 under the conditions set out in the Regulation establishing Eurodac. Source Art. 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac Regulation) Related terms ★★ Dublin Convention ★★ Dublin Regulation Eurodac BG Евродак CS Eurodac DE Eurodac EL Ευrodac ES Eurodac ET Eurodac FI Eurodac FR Eurodac GA Eurodac HU Eurodac IT Eurodac LT Eurodac LV Eurodac MT Eurodac NL Eurodac PL Eurodac PT Eurodac RO Eurodac SK Eurodac SL Eurodac SV Eurodac NO Eurodac E 109 Definition A Union of the EU Member States and 16 Southern Mediterranean countries built on cooperation agreements that aims to promote economic integration and democratic reform across the EU’s neighbours to the south in North Africa and the Middle East. Source Website of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) Synonyms ★★ Barcelona Process ★★ EUROMED ★★ Union for the Mediterranean ★★ UfM Broader term ★★ European Neighbourhood Policy Related terms ★★ Black Sea Synergy ★★ Eastern Partnership Notes 1. The Partnership was established on 13 July 2008. 2. For more information, see the webpage of the Euro-Med Partnership on the website of the European Union’s External Action Services: http://eeas.europa.eu/euromed/index_en.htm Euro-Mediterranean Partnership BG Евро-средиземноморско партньорство CS Evropsko-středomořské partnerství DE Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / Euro‑mediterrane Partnerschaft EL ES Asociación Euromediterránea ET Euroopa-Vahemere partnerlus FI Euro–Välimeri-kumppanuus FR Union pour la Méditerranée GA an Chomhpháirtíocht Eora-Mheánmhara HU Euro-mediterrán Partnerség IT Partenariato euromediterraneo LT Europos-Viduržemio jūros regiono partnerystė LV Eiropas un Vidusjūras reģiona valstu partnerība MT Sħubija Ewro-Mediterranja NL Euro-mediterraan partnerschap (EUROMED) PL Partnerstwo Eurośródziemnomorskie PT RO Parteneriatul Euro-Mediteraneean SK Euro-stredomorské partnerstvo SL Evro - Sredozemsko partnerstvo SV Partnerskapet Europa-Medelhavet NO Euro-Mediterranean Partnership A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 110 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 SV Europeiska byrån för förvaltningen av det operativa samarbetet vid Europeiska unionens medlemsstaters yttre gränser NO Det europeiske grensekontrollbyrået Definition A European Union agency tasked to coordinate the operational cooperation between Member States in the field of border security. Source Art. 2 of Regulation (EU) 2007/2004 (FRONTEX Regulation) Synonym ★★ FRONTEX Related terms ★★ Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration ★★ European Asylum Support Office ★★ European Border Surveillance System ★★ European Migration Network ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights ★★ Immigration Liaison Officer ★★ Information and Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration Management Services ★★ Rapid Border Intervention Team Notes 1. Frontex promotes, coordinates and develops European border management in line with the EU fundamental rights charter applying the concept of Integrated Border Management. 2. Its tasks, in accordance with Article 2 of Council Regulation 2007/2004, include assisting Member States on training of national border guards and the establishment of common training standards (Art. 2(b)); carrying out risk analysis (Art. 2(c)); following up the development of research relevant for the control and surveillance of external borders (Art. 2(d)); assistance to Member States in circumstances requiring increased technical and operational assistance at external borders (Art. 2(e)); and providing Member States with the necessary support in organising joint return operations. 3. Frontex also works closely with the border-control authorities of non-EU / Schengen countries – mainly those countries identified as a source or transit route of irregular migration – in line with general EU external relations policy. 4. For further information, see website of FRONTEX: http://frontex.europa.eu. European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union BG Европейска агенция за управление на оперативното сътрудничество по външните граници на държавите членки на ЕС CS Evropská agentura pro řízení operativní spolupráce na vnějších hranicích členských států Evropské unie DE Europäische Agentur für die operative Zusammenarbeit an den Außengrenzen der Mitgliedstaaten der Europaïschen Union EL Ευρωπαϊκός Οργανισμός για τη Διαχείριση της Επιχειρησιακής Συνεργασίας στα Εξωτερικά Σύνορα ES Agencia europea par la gestiÓn de las fronteras exteriores ET Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikide välispiiril tehtava operatiivkoostöö juhtimise Euroopa agentuur FI Euroopan unionin rajaturvallisuusvirasto (Euroopan unionin jäsenvaltioiden operatiivisesta ulkorajayhteistyöstä huolehtiva virasto) FR Agence européenne pour la gestion de la coopération opérationnelle aux frontières extérieures des États membres de l'Union européenne GA an Ghníomhaireacht Eorpach chun Comhar Oibríochtúil a Bhainistiú ag Teorainneacha Seachtracha Bhallstáit an Aontais Eorpaigh HU az Európai Unió Tagállamai Külső Határain Való Operatív Együttműködési Igazgatásért Felelős Európai Ügynökség IT Agenzia Europea per la Gestione della Cooperazione Operativa delle Froniere Esterne dei Paesi membri dell’Unione Europea LT Europos operatyvaus bendradarbiavimo prie ES valstybių narių išorės sienų valdymo agentūra LV Eiropas Aģentūra operatīvās sadarbības vadībai pie Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstu ārējām robežām MT Aġenzija Ewropea għall-Ġestjoni tal- Koperazzjoni Operazzjonali mal-Fruntieri Esterni tal-Istati Membri tal-Unjoni Ewropea NL Europees Agentschap voor het beheer van de operationele samenwerking aan de buitengrenzen van de lidstaten van de Europese Unie PL Europejska Agencja Zarządzania Współpracą Operacyjną na Zewnętrznych Granicach Państw Członkowskich PT Agência Europeia de Gestão da Cooperação Operacional nas Fronteiras Externas da União Europeia RO Agenţia Europeană pentru Managementul Cooperării Operaţionale la Frontierele Externe ale Statelor Membre ale Uniunii Europene SK Európska agentúra pre riadenie operačnej spolupráce na vonkajších hraniciach členských štátov Európske únie SL Evropska agencija za upravljanje operativnega sodelovanja na zunanjih mejah DČ EU E 111 Definition A European Union agency mandated to focus on three major responsibilities: to contribute to the coherent implementation and development of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), to support and strengthen practical cooperation among Member States on asylum and to provide and / or coordinate the provision of operational support to Member States, subject to particular pressure on their asylum and reception systems. Source Art. 1 and 2 of Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 (EASO Regulation) Synonym ★★ EASO Related terms ★★ Common European Asylum System ★★ General Directors of Immigration Services Conference ★★ Eurasil ★★ European Migration Network ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Notes 1. The Support Office acts as a European centre of expertise on asylum, responsible for facilitating, coordinating and strengthening practical cooperation among Member States on the many aspects of asylum, so that Member States are better able to provide international protection to those entitled to it, while dealing fairly and efficiently with those who do not qualify for international protection, where appropriate. 2. Its mandate should be focused on three major duties: namely contributing to the implementation of the CEAS, supporting practical cooperation among Member States on asylum and supporting Member States that are subject to particular pressure. 3. The Support Office should work closely with the Member States’ asylum authorities, with national immigration and asylum services and other national services and with the Commission. Furthermore, it should also carry out its duties without prejudice to those assigned to other relevant bodies of the Union and shall work closely with these bodies as well as with the UNHCR. However, it does not have any powers in relation to the taking of decisions by Member States’ asylum authorities on individual applications for international protection. 4. For further information, see the website of EASO: http://easo.europa.eu European Asylum Support Office BG Европейска служба за подкрепа в областта на убежището CS Evropský podpůrný azylový úřad DE Europäisches Unterstützungsbüro für Asylfragen  EL Ευρωπαϊκό Γραφείο Στήριξης για το Άσυλο ES Oficina Europea de Apoyo al Asilo ET Euroopa varjupaigaküsimuste tugiamet FI Euroopan turvapaikka-asioiden tukivirasto FR Bureau européen d’appui en matière d’asile GA an Oifig Tacaíochta Eorpach do Chúrsaí Tearmainn HU Európai Menekültügyi Támogatási Hivatal IT Ufficio Europeo di Sostegno per l’Asilo LT Europos prieglobsčio paramos biuras LV Eiropas Patvēruma atbalsta birojs MT Uffiċċju (L-)ta’ Appoġġ Ewropew fil-Qasam tal‑Ażil  NL Europees Ondersteuningsbureau voor Asielzaken [BE syn.: Europees asielondersteuningsbureau] PL Europejski Urząd Wsparcia w dziedzinie Azylu PT Gabinete Europeu de Apoio ao Asilo RO Biroul European de Sprijin în domeniul Azilului SK Európsky podporný úrad pre azyl SL Evropski azilni podporni urad SV Europeiska byrån för samarbete i asylfrågor NO Det europeiske støttekontoret på asylfeltet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 112 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A common framework for the exchange of information and for the cooperation between EU Member States and Frontex to improve situational awareness and to increase reaction capability at the external borders for the purpose of detecting, preventing and combating irregular immigration and crossborder crime, and contributing to ensuring the protection and saving the lives of migrants. Source Art. 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation) Synonym ★★ EUROSUR Related terms ★★ border control ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Notes 1. EUROSUR was set up under Council Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation). 2. For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-af- fairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/border-crossing/ index_en.htm European Border Surveillance System BG Европейска система за наблюдение на външните граници CS evropský systém ostrahy vnější hranice DE Europäisches Grenzüberwachungssystem EL ES Sistema europeo de vigilancia de fronteras ET Euroopa välispiiride seiresüsteem FI Euroopan rajavalvontajärjestelmä FR Système européen de surveillance des frontières extérieures GA an Córas Eorpach um Fhaireachas ar Theorainneacha Seachtracha HU Európai Határőrizeti Rendszer IT Sistema europeo di sorveglianza delle frontiere esterne LT Europos išorinių sienų stebėjimo sistema LV Eiropas ārējo robežu uzraudzības sistēma MT Sistema Ewropea għas-Sorveljanza tal-Konfini / tal-Fruntieri NL Europees grensbewakingssysteem PL Europejski system nadzorowania granic PT Sistema Europeu de Vigilância das Fronteiras RO sistemul de supraveghere a frontierelor UE SK Európsky systém hraničného dozoru SL Evropskega sistema varovanja meja SV Europeiska gränsövervakningssystemet NO Det europeiske overvåkingssystemet for yttergrensene E 113 Definition A regional human rights instrument giving effect to certain rights stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, offering individuals the possibility of applying to the courts for the enforcement of their rights. Source Derived by EMN from the description of the Convention on the website of the European Court of Human Rights Synonyms ★★ European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ★★ ECHR Related terms ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights ★★ human rights ★★ human rights law Note More formally referred to as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. European Convention on Human Rights BG Европейска конвенция за правата на човека CS Evropská úmluva o ochraně lidských práv DE Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention EL Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου ES Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos ET Euroopa inimõiguste ja põhivabaduste kaitse konvetsioon FI Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimus FR Convention européenne des droits de l’homme GA an Coinbhinsiún Eorpach um Chearta an Duine HU Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye IT Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo LT Europos žmogaus teisių konvencija LV Eiropas Cilvēktiesību konvencija MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) Ewropea dwar id-Drittijiet tal‑Bniedem NL Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens PL Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka / Konwencja o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności PT Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos RO Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului SK Európsky dohovor o ochrane ľudských práv a základných slobôd SL Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah SV Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna NO Den europeiske menneskerettskonvensjonen A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 114 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A body established by Council Decision 2008/381/EC that serves to meet the information needs of Union institutions and of Member States’ authorities and institutions, by providing up-todate, objective, reliable and comparable information on migration and asylum, with a view to supporting policy-making in the European Union in these areas. It also serves to provide the general public with information on these subjects. Source Art. 1 of Council Decision 2008/381/EC (European Migration Network Decision) Synonym ★★ EMN Related terms ★★ Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration ★★ EU Immigration Portal ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union ★★ European Asylum Support Office ★★ Eurostat ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights ★★ National Contact Points on Integration Notes 1. The EMN was set up in 2003 by the European Commission on behalf of the European Council in order to satisfy the need of a regular exchange of reliable information on migration and asylum related issues on a European level. 2. The EMN is co-ordinated by the European Commission, assisted by service providers, in co-operation with EMN National Contact Points (EMN NCPs) in each EU Member State. A Steering Board, consisting of representatives from each Member State, the European Commission and the European Parliament serves to provide the political guidance on the activities of the EMN. 3. For more information, see the website of the EMN: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ european_migration_network/index_en.htm European Migration Network BG Европейска мрежа за миграция CS Evropská migrační síť DE Europäisches Migrationsnetzwerk EL Ευρωπαϊκό Δίκτυο Μετανάστευσης ES Red Europea de Migraciones ET Euroopa rändevõrgustik FI Euroopan muuttoliikeverkosto FR Réseau européen des migrations GA Gréasán Imirce na hEorpa HU Európai Migrációs Hálózat IT Rete Europea sulle Migrazioni LT Europos migracijos tinklas LV Eiropas migrācijas tīkls MT Netwerk (In-) Ewropew tal-Migrazzjoni NL Europees Migratienetwerk PL Europejska Sieć Migracyjna PT Rede Europeia das Migrações RO Reţeaua europeană de migrație SK Európska migračná sieť SL Evropska migracijska mreža SV Europeiska migrationsnätverket NO Det europeiske migrasjonsnettverket E 115 Definition A bilateral policy between the EU and 16 partner countries (the EU’s closest neighbouring countries), further enriched and complemented by three regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives. Source Website of the European Neighbourhood Policy Synonym ★★ ENP Narrower terms ★★ Black Sea Synergy ★★ Eastern Partnership ★★ Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Related term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. The ENP was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours and instead strengthening the prosperity, stability and security of all. It is based on the values of democracy, rule of law and respect of human rights. 2. The three regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives of the ENP are: the Eastern Partnership (launched in Prague in May 2009), the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED), formerly known as the Barcelona Process, re-launched in Paris in July 2008), and the Black Sea Synergy (launched in Kiev in February 2008). 3. The Lisbon Treaty has allowed the EU to strengthen the delivery of its foreign policy: cooperation with neighbouring countries can now be broadened to cover the full range of issues in an integrated and more effective manner. This was a key driver for initiating a review of the ENP in summer 2010. 4. For up-to-date information on the ENP, see: http://eeas.europa. eu/enp/about-us/index_en.htm European Neighbourhood Policy BG Европейска политика за съседство CS Evropská politika sousedství DE Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik EL ES Política Europea de Vecindad ET Euroopa naabruspoliitika FI Euroopan naapuruuspolitiikka FR Politique européenne de voisinage GA Beartas Comharsanachta na hEorpa HU Európai Szomszédságpolitika IT politica europea di vicinato LT Europos kaimynystės politika LV Eiropas kaimiņattiecību politika MT Politika (Il-) Ewropea tal-Viċinat / tal-Madwar NL Europees nabuurschapsbeleid PL Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa PT RO Politica europeană de vecinătate SK Európska susedská politika / Európska politika susedstva SL Evropska sosedska politika SV EU:s grannskapspolitik NO Den europeiske naboskapspolitikken A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 116 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An EU agency which provides independent, evidence-based advice on fundamental rights to the relevant institutions and authorities of the Union and its Member States in order to support them when implementing Union law, taking measures or formulating courses of action within their respective spheres of competence to fully respect fundamental rights. Source Art. 2 of Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 (FRA Regulation) Synonyms ★★ Fundamental Rights Agency ★★ FRA Related terms ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union ★★ European Asylum Support Office ★★ European Convention on Human Rights ★★ European Migration Network ★★ human rights Notes 1. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights was inaugurated on 1 March 2007. It was established by Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 of 15 February 2007 as the successor to the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMCI). 2. Its tasks, which are laid down in Art. 4 of the Regulation, include information and data collection, research and analysis; advice to EU institutions and Member States; cooperation with civil society and awareness raising. 3. For more information, see the website of FRA: http://fra.europa.eu/en European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights BG Агенция на Европейския съюз за основните права CS Agentura Evropské unie pro základní práva DE Agentur der Europäischen Union für Grundrechte EL Οργανισμού Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης ES Agencia de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea ET Euroopa Liidu Põhiõiguste Amet FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeusvirasto FR Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne GA Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chearta Bunúsacha HU Az Európai Unió Alapjogi Ügynöksége IT Agenzia dell’Unione Europea per i Diritti Fondamentali LT Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių agentūra LV Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību aģentūra MT Aġenzija tal-Unjoni Ewropea għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali NL Bureau van de Europese Unie voor de grondrechten PL Agencja Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej PT Agência para os Direitos Fundamentais RO Agenţia pentru Drepturi Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene SK Agentúra Európskej únie pre základné práva SL Agencija Evropske unije za temeljne pravice SV Europeiska unionens byrå för grundläggande rättigheter NO Den europeiske unions byrå for grunnleggende rettigheter (b) / Byrået for grunnleggjande rettar i Den europeiske unionen (n) E 117 Definition The Statistical Office of the European Union within the European Commission. Source Website of Eurostat Related term ★★ European Migration Network Notes 1. Eurostat was established in 1953. 2. Its task is to provide the European Union with statistics at European level that enable comparisons between countries and regions. 3. The EMN cooperates with Eurostat by harmonising statistics from the European Statistical System (ESS) to a single methodology, making the statistics comparable. 4. Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) establishes common rules for the collection and compilation of Community statistics (for submission to Eurostat) on: (a) immigration and emigration flows; (b) citizenship and country of birth of persons usually resident in the territory of the Member States; (c) administrative and judicial procedures and processes in the Member States relating to immigration, granting of permission to reside, citizenship, asylum and other forms of international protection and prevention of irregular migration. 5. For more information, see the website of Eurostat: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/ about_eurostat/introduction Eurostat BG Евростат CS Eurostat DE Eurostat EL Ευρωπαϊκή Στατιστική Υπηρεσία ES Eurostat ET Eurostat FI Eurostat FR Eurostat GA Eurostat HU Eurostat IT Eurostat LT Eurostatas LV Eurostat MT Eurostat NL Eurostat PL Eurostat PT Eurostat RO Eurostat SK Eurostat SL Eurostat SV Eurostat NO Eurostat A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 118 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Any examination of, or decision or ruling concerning, an application for international protection by the competent authorities in accordance with Directive 2013/32/EU and Directive 2011/95/EU, except for procedures for determining the Member State responsible in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 604/2013. Source Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Broader term ★★ application for international protection examination of an application for international protection BG разглеждане на молба за международна закрила CS rozhodování o žádosti o mezinárodní ochranu DE Prüfung eines Antrags auf internationalen Schutz EL εξέταση αίτησης διεθνούς προστασίας ES examen de una solicitud de protección internacional ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse läbivaatamine FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen käsittely FR examen d’une demande de protection internationale GA iniúchadh ar iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta HU menedékkérelem elbírásála IT esame della domanda di protezione internazionale LT prašymo suteikti prieglobstį nagrinėjimas LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma izskatīšana MT Tgħarbil / Eżami ta’ applikazzjoni għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL behandeling van een verzoek om internationale bescherming PL rozpatrywanie wniosku o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej PT análise de um pedido de proteção internacional RO soluţionarea unei cereri de protecţie internaţionlă SK posúdenie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu / posúdenie žiadosti o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany (EU acquis) / posúdenie žiadosti o udelenie azylu (national law) SL obravnavanje prošnje za mednarodno zaščito SV prövning av ansökan om internationellt skydd NO vurdering av søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / vurdering av søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) E 119 Definition Specifically, any of the provisions of the Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967, such as articles 1D, 1E and 1F, which mandatorily deny the benefits of refugee status to persons who already receive UN or national protection, or to persons about whom there are good reasons to believe that they have committed a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non-political crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN (e.g. the persecution of others). Source Art. 1D, 1E and 1F of the Geneva Convention of 1951 Related terms ★★ crime against humanity ★★ war crime Note The EU asylum acquis (see for example Art. 12 and 17 of Directive 2011/95/EU) has incorporated these Geneva Convention of 1951 clauses whilst additionally stipulating exclusion clauses in relation to subsidiary protection. exclusion clause BG изключваща клауза CS exkluzivní klauzule, vylučovací klauzule DE Ausschlussklausel EL ρήτρες αποκλεισμού ES cláusula de exclusión ET välistav klausel FI poissulkemislauseke FR clause d’exclusion GA clásal eisiaimh HU kizáró klauzulák IT clausola di esclusione LT prašymo atmetimo pagrindai LV izslēgšanas noteikums MT Klawsola ta’ tbarrija / t’esklużjoni NL uitsluitingsgronden  PL klauzula wykluczająca PT cláusulas de exclusão RO cauză de excludere SK doložka o vylúčení / vylučovacia klauzula / vylučovacie ustanovenie SL izključitvena klavzula SV undantagsklausul NO unntaksbestemmelse (b) / unntaksføresegn (n) Definition Movements in groups (isolated and sporadic) out of a country of origin in large numbers or of a section of the community at a given time. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Note A similar definition is also used in the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology definition. exodus BG no usual translation CS exodus DE Exodus EL έξοδος ES éxodo ET massiline väljaränne FI joukkopako FR fuite massive GA imeacht HU kivándorlás IT esodo LT egzodas LV masveida izceļošana MT Eżodu NL uittocht (syn.: exodus) PL exodus PT exôdo RO exod SK exodus / hromadný odchod SL eksodus / množična emigracija SV massflykt NO masseutvandring / masseflukt A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 120 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The act of taking advantage of something or someone, in particular the act of taking unjust advantage of another for one’s own benefit (e.g. sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs). Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Related term ★★ forced labour ★★ trafficking in human beings Note Art. 2(3) of Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) states that exploitation includes, as a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, including begging, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the exploitation of criminal activities, or the removal of organs. exploitation BG експлоатация CS vykořisťování DE Ausbeutung EL εκμετάλλευση ES explotación ET ärakasutamine FI hyväksikäyttö FR exploitation GA dúshaothrú HU kizsákmányolás IT sfruttamento LT išnaudojimas LV izmantošana MT Sfruttament NL uitbuiting PL wykorzystywanie PT exploração RO exploatare SK vykorisťovanie SL izkoriščanje SV utnyttjande NO utnyttelse (b) / utnytting (n) Definition The removal of: (a) a third-country national subject to an expulsion decision based on a serious and present threat to public order or to national security and safety taken in the following cases: -- conviction of a third-country national by the issuing Member State for an offence punishable by a penalty involving deprivation of liberty of at least one year; -- the existence of serious grounds for believing that a third-country national has committed serious criminal offences or the existence of solid evidence of their intention to commit such offences within the territory of a Member State. (b) a third-country national subject to an expulsion decision based on failure to comply with national rules on the entry or residence of aliens. Source Art. 3(1) of Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive) Broader term ★★ removal Narrower term ★★ expulsion decision expulsion BG експулсиране CS vyhoštění DE Rückführung (EU acquis); Ausweisung (DE) EL απέλαση ES expulsión ET väljasaatmine FI maasta poistaminen FR expulsion GA díbirt / ionnarbadh HU kiutasítás (when implemented with official escort: kitoloncolás) IT espulsione LT išsiuntimas LV piespiedu izraidīšana MT Espulsjoni / Tkeċċija NL verwijdering (syn.: uitzetting, uitwijzing) PL wydalenie PT expulsão RO (a) expulzare (b) returnare (forţată) sub escortă SK vyhostenie SL izgon / odstranitev SV avvisning / utvisning NO utvisning (b) / utvising (n) E 121 Definition Any decision which orders an expulsion taken by a competent administrative (or judicial) authority of an issuing Member State. Source Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive) Synonym ★★ expulsion order Broader term ★★ expulsion Related terms ★★ enforcement measure ★★ removal order Notes 1. In DE, only expulsion order is used, while expulsion decision and expulsion order are understood in the same way. 2. In RO, expulsion is decided by the courts only, not by administration. expulsion decision BG решение за експулсиране CS rozhodnutí o vyhoštění DE Rückführungsentscheidung (EU acquis) / Ausweisungsentscheidung (DE, LU) EL απόφαση απέλασης ES decisión de expulsión ET väljasaatmisotsus FI maastapoistamispäätös FR décision d’éloignement GA cinneadh ionnarbtha HU kiutasítást elrendelő határozat IT decisione di espulsione LT sprendimas dėl išsiuntimo LV izbraukšanas rīkojums / lēmums par piespiedu izraidīšanu MT Deċiżjoni ta’ espulsjoni / ta’ tkeċċija NL aanwijzing om het grondgebied te verlaten PL decyzja o wydaleniu PT decisão de expulsão RO See „expulsion” (a) hotărâre judecătorescă de expulzare (b) decizie de returnare sub escortă SK rozhodnutie o vyhostení SL odločitev o izgonu SV beslut om avvisning eller utvisning NO utvisningsbeslutning (b) / utvisingsavgjerd (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 122 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The parts of a Schengen Member State’s border, including land borders, river and lake borders, sea borders and their airports, river ports, sea ports and lake ports, that are not common borders with another Schengen Member State. Source Derived by EMN from Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) Related terms ★★ border control ★★ internal EU border ★★ irregular entry ★★ legal entry ★★ refusal of entry ★★ Schengen Borders Code Notes 1. IE and UK do not participate in the Schengen Area. 2. BG, HR and RO are Schengen candidate countries. 3. IS, LI, NO and CH are also Schengen Member States, although they are not EU Member States. 4. For updated information on membership to the Schengen Area, see the description of EU policies on borders and visas and Schengen on the website of DG HOME: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/ home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/ index_en.htm external EU border BG външна граница на ЕС CS vnější hranice EU DE EU-Außengrenze EL εξωτερικά σύνορα ES frontera exterior (UE) ET EL välispiir FI EU:n ulkoraja FR frontière extérieure de l’UE GA teorainn sheachtrach AE HU külső határ IT frontiera esterna UE LT išorės siena LV ES ārējā robeža MT Konfini (Il-) esterni / Fruntiera (Il-) esterna tal-UE NL EU buitengrens PL granica zewnętrzna UE PT fronteira externa RO frontiere externe UE SK vonkajšia hranica EÚ SL zunanja meja EU SV yttre gräns NO ytre grense for Schengen-medlemsland FE 123 Definition An untruthful declaration of a relationship of parenthood which does not actually exist either (a) between a minor who is an EU citizen or settled third-country national and a third-country national adult, where the adult claims to be the parent in order to obtain or legalise their residence in a Member State, or (b) between a third-country national minor and a union citizen adult or a settled third-country national adult where the adult declares themselves parent of the minor in order to obtain or legalise the residence of the child and / or possibly the residence of the other parent. Source Developed by EMN Narrower term ★★ false declaration of paternity Related terms ★★ civil partnership of convenience ★★ marriage of convenience ★★ partnership of convenience Note For more information on false declarations of parenthood, see EMN: Misuse of family reunification, 2012. false declaration of parenthood BG невярна декларация за родителство CS falešné prohlášení rodičovství DE falsche Erklärung der Elternschaft / falsche Elternschaftsangabe EL ES declaraciÓn falsa de paternidad / maternidad ET põlvnemise kohta valeandmete esitamine FI valheellinen vanhemmuuden ilmoittaminen FR fausse déclaration de parentalité GA bréagdhearbhú tuismíochta HU hamis szülői nyilatkozat IT falsa dichiarazione di filiazione LT fiktyvus įvaikinimas LV vecāku statusa viltus reģistrēšana MT Dikjarazzjoni falza ta’ maternità u / jew paternità NL valse ouderschapsverklaring PL fałszywe oświadczenie o uznaniu rodzicielstwa PT falsas declarações parentesco RO declaraţie de paternitate falsă SK falošné prehlásenie rodičovstva SL lažna izjava o starševstvu SV osant intygande om föräldraskap NO falsk vedgåelse av foreldreskap (b) / falsk vedgåing av foreldreskap (n) F A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 124 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The entry into and residence in a Member State of a third-country national on the basis of the establishment of a family relationship either (a) after their third-country national sponsor has gained legal residence in a Member State; or (b) with an EU national. Source Developed by EMN Broader term ★★ family reunification Related terms ★★ chain migration ★★ family migration ★★ nuclear family ★★ right to family life ★★ right to family unity Notes 1. This term is specific to some Member States, particularly BE, NL, SE. In UK, this relates to the formation of family between a UK national and a third-country national only. 2. In other Member States, family formation is covered under ‘family reunification’. family formation BG член на семейство CS rodinný příslušník DE Familienbildung EL No translation ES formación de la familia ET perekonnaliige FI perheenjäsen FR constitution de la famille GA duine muinteartha HU családtag IT familiare LT šeimos kūrimas LV ģimenes loceklis MT Kompożizzjoni / Tiswira tal-familja NL gezinsvorming PL członek rodziny PT reagrupamento familiar RO reîntregirea familiei SK rodinný príslušník / člen rodiny SL družinski član SV familjemedlem NO familiemedlem F 125 In the context of the Free Movement Directive: (a) the spouse; (b) the partner with whom the union citizen has contracted a registered partnership, on the basis of the legislation of a Member State, if the legislation of the host Member State treats registered partnerships as equivalent to marriage and in accordance with the conditions laid down in the relevant legislation of the host Member State; (c) the direct descendants who are under the age of 21 or are dependants and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b); (d) the dependent direct relatives in the ascending line and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b). In the context of asylum, and in particular Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), this means insofar as the family already existed in the country of origin, the following members of the applicant’s family who are present on the territory of the Member States: -- the spouse of the applicant or their unmarried partner in a stable relationship, where the law or practice of the Member State concerned treats unmarried couples in a way comparable to married couples under its law relating to third-country nationals; -- the minor children of couples referred to in the first indent or of the applicant, on condition that they are unmarried and regardless of whether they were born in or out of wedlock or adopted as defined under national law; -- when the applicant is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for the applicant, whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the adult is present; -- when the beneficiary of international protection is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for them whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the beneficiary is present. Source General: Derived by EMN from Art. 4 of UN Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families Family reunification: Recital 9 and Art. 4 of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Free movement: Art. 2(2) of Council Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive) Asylum: Art. 2 (g) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Related terms ★★ dependant ★★ family reunification ★★ nuclear family ★★ sponsor family member BG създаване на семейство CS sloučení rodiny DE Familienangehöriger EL μέλος οικογένειας ES Miembro de la familia ET pere loomise eesmärgil riiki sisenemine (no usual translation) FI perheenmuodostaminen FR membre de la famille GA foirmiú teaghlaigh HU családalapítás IT componente familiare LT šeimos narys LV ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes atkalapvienošana MT Membru tal-familja NL gezinslid PL założenie rodziny PT membros da familia RO membru de familie SK založenie rodiny SL ustanovitev družine SV familjebildning NO familiedannelse (b) / familiedanning (n) Definition In the general migration context, a person either married to, or having a relationship legally recognised as equivalent to marriage, to a migrant, as well as their dependent children or other dependants who are recognised as members of the family by applicable legislation. In the context of the Family Reunification Directive, a thirdcountry national, as specified in Art. 4 of Directive 2003/86/EC (normally members of the nuclear family – i.e. the spouse and the minor children), who has entered the territory of the European Union for the purpose of family reunification. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 126 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, a general concept encompassing family reunification, family formation, and migration of an entire family at the same time. In the EU context, a concept which refers explicitly to family reunification and family formation. Source Global context: Derived by EMN from the discussion of types of family migration in Chapter 6 of IOM World Migration Report 2008 EU context: Developed by EMN Related terms ★★ chain migration ★★ family formation ★★ family reunification ★★ right to family unity family migration BG миграция с цел създаване или събиране на семейство CS rodinná migrace DE Familienmigration EL οικογενειακή μετανάστευση ES migración por motivos familiares ET pereränne FI perheperusteinen maahanmuutto FR migration pour des raisons familiales GA imirce teaghlaigh HU családegyesítési célú migráció / családegyesítés IT migrazione familiare LT šeimos migracija LV ģimenes migrācija MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ta’ familja NL gezinsmigratie PL migracja rodzinna PT migração familiar RO migraţia în scopul reîntregirii familiei SK migrácia z rodinných dôvodov SL družinska migracija SV familjemigration NO familiemigrasjon F 127 Definition The establishment of a family relationship which is either: (a) the entry into and residence in a Member State, in accordance with Council Directive 2003/86/EC, by family members of a third-country national residing lawfully in that Member State (‘sponsor’) in order to preserve the family unit, whether the family relationship arose before or after the entry of the sponsor; or (b) between an EU national and third-country national established outside the EU who then subsequently enters the EU. Source Part (a): Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Part (b): Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ family reunion Broader term ★★ right to family unity Narrower term ★★ family formation Related terms ★★ chain migration ★★ family member ★★ family migration ★★ nuclear family ★★ right to family life Note Art. 5(3) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) also covers ‘reunification’ when a third-country national is already resident in the EU under different permissions (e.g. a residence permit for the purpose of remuneration or study). family reunification BG събиране на семейство CS sloučení rodiny DE Familienzusammenführung EL οικογενειακή επανένωση ES reagrupación familiar ET perekonna taasühinemine FI perheenyhdistäminen FR regroupement familial GA athaontú teaghlaigh HU családegyesítés IT ricongiungimento familiare LT šeimos susijungimas LV ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes atkalapvienošana MT Riunifikazzjoni tal-familja NL gezinshereniging PL łączenie rodzin PT reagrupamento familiar RO reîntregirea familiei, reunificarea familiei SK zlúčenie rodiny SL združevanje družine SV familjeåterförening NO familiegjenforening (b) / familiegjenforeining (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 128 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A decision on whether the third-country national or stateless person be granted refugee status or subsidiary protection status by virtue of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and which is no longer subject to a remedy within the framework of Chapter V of this Directive, irrespective of whether such remedy has the effect of allowing applicants to remain in the Member States concerned pending its outcome. Source Art. 2(e) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) final decision BG окончателно решение CS pravomocné rozhodnutí DE rechtskräftige Entscheidung EL οριστική απόφαση ES resolución definitiva ET jõustunud otsus FI lainvoimainen päätös FR décision finale GA cinneadh críochnaitheach HU jogerős határozat IT decisione definitiva LT galutinis sprendimas LV galīgais lēmums MT Deċiżjoni finali NL onherroepelijke beslissing PL ostateczna decyzja PT decisão final RO decizie finală SK konečné rozhodnutie SL dokončna odločba / pravnomočna odločba SV slutligt beslut NO endelig vedtak (b) /endeleg avgjerd (n) Definition A country in which an applicant for international protection has either (a) been recognised as a refugee and they can still avail themselves of that protection; or (b) otherwise enjoys sufficient protection, including benefiting from the principle of non-refoulement, provided that they will be readmitted to that country. Source Art. 35 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Synonyms ★★ country of first asylum ★★ first asylum principle Notes 1. In applying the concept of ‘first country of asylum’ to the particular circumstances of an applicant, Member States may take into account Art. 38(1) of the Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) (‘concept of safe third country’). 2. In accordance with relevant legislation, an applicant shall be allowed to challenge the application of the first country of asylum concept in relation to their particular circumstances. first country of asylum BG първа страна на убежище CS první země azylu DE erster Asylstaat / erstes Asylland EL πρώτης χώρας ασύλου ES primer país de asilo ET esmane varjupaigariik FI ensimmäinen turvapaikkamaa FR pays de premier asile GA an chéad tír thearmainn HU elsődleges befogadó állam IT paese di primo asilo LT pirmoji prieglobsčio šalis LV pirmā patvēruma valsts MT L-Ewwel art / pajjiż tal-ażil NL eerste land van asiel PL kraj pierwszego azylu PT primeiro país de asilo RO prima ţară de azil SK prvá krajina azylu SL prva država azila SV första asylland NO første asylland F 129 Definition A trans-Mediterranean forum set up as a security initiative to secure closer cooperation between five EU Member States and five Arab Maghreb countries through political dialogue and economic cooperation, and by encouraging more efficient management of resources as a means of enhancing regional interdependence and development. Source Website of the 5+5 Dialogue Synonyms ★★ 5+5 Dialogue ★★ Western Mediterranean Forum Related terms ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration ★★ Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. The Western Mediterranean Forum, commonly referred to as the 5+5 Dialogue, was officially launched in Rome in 1990. 2. The forum involves ten partners (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, France, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain) and is facilitated by the IOM. Its areas of activity are information exchange, joint management of international borders, agreed forms of labour migration, migration for development, and protection of the rights of migrants in the Western Mediterranean region. 3. For more information see the website of the 5+5 Dialogue: http://www.5plus5.gov.mt/en/5plus5dialogue 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean BG 5+5 диалог по въпросите на миграцията в Западното Средиземноморие CS Dialog 5+5 o migraci v západním Středomoří DE 5+5 Dialog über Migration im Westlichen Mittelmeerraum EL ES Diálogo 5+5 sobre migración en el Mediterráneo Occidental ET 5+5 Vahemere lääneosa rände dialoog FI 5+5-vuoropuhelu Välimeren länsiosan maiden välillä FR Dialogue 5+5 sur la migration en Méditerranée occidentale GA Idirphlé 5+5 maidir leis an Imirce i réigiún na Meánmhara Thiar HU 5+5 Nyugat- Mediterrán Migrációs Párbeszéd IT Dialogo 5+5 sulle Migrazioni nel Mediterraneo Occidentale LT Vakarų Viduržemio jūros regiono valstybių dialogas „5+5“ migracijos klausimais LV 5+5 Vidusjūras rietumu valstu dialogs par migrāciju MT Djalogu 5+5 fuq il-Migrazzjoni fil-Punent tal‑Mediterran NL 5+5 dialoog over migratie in het Westelijke Middellandsezeegebied PL 5+5 Dialog na rzecz migracji w zachodniej części Morza Śródziemnego PT diálogo 5+5 para o Mediterrâneo ocidental RO 5+5 Dialog cu privire la migraţie în zona vest Mediteraneeană SK Dialóg 5+5 o migrácii v západnom Stredomorí SL 5+5 Dialog o migracijah v zahodnem Sredozemlju SV no usual translation NO 5+5-dialog om migrasjon i det vestre Middelhavet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 130 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition All work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered themselves voluntarily. Source Art. 2(1) of ILO Convention No. 29, 1930 (Forced Labour Convention) Synonyms ★★ compulsory labour ★★ compulsory work Related terms ★★ child labour ★★ exploitation forced labour BG принудителен труд CS nucená práce DE Zwangsarbeit EL ES trabajo forzoso ET sunnitöö FI pakkotyö FR travail forcé GA obair éigeantais HU kényszermunka IT lavoro forzato LT priverstinis darbas LV piespiedu darbs MT Xogħol furzat / ta’ bilfors NL gedwongen arbeid PL praca przymusowa PT RO muncă forţată SK nútená práca SL prisilno delo SV tvångsarbete NO tvangsarbeid Definition The union of two persons, at least one of whom has not given their full and free consent to the marriage. Source Art. 4 of Council of Europe Resolution 1468 (2005) forced marriage BG брак по принуда CS nucený sňatek DE Zwangsheirat EL εξαναγκασμένος γάμος ES matrimonio forzado ET sundabielu FI pakkoavioliitto FR mariage forcé GA pósadh éigeantais HU kényszerházasság IT matrimonio forzato LT priverstinė santuoka LV piespiedu laulības MT Żwieġ sfurzat / ta’ bilfors NL gedwongen huwelijk PL wymuszone małżeństwo PT casamento forçado RO căsătorie forţată SK nútené manželstvo SL prisilna poroka SV tvångsäktenskap NO tvangsekteskap F 131 Definition A person subject to a migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects). Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 Broader term ★★ migrant Narrower terms ★★ displaced person ★★ refugee Related terms ★★ de facto refugee ★★ economic migrant ★★ forced migration forced migrant BG мигрант по принуда CS nucený migrant DE Zwangsmigrant EL εξαναγκαστική μετανάστευση ES migrante forzoso ET sundsisserändaja (no usual translation) FI pakkomuuttaja FR migrant forcé GA imirceach éigeantais HU kényszerű migráns IT migrante forzato LT priverstinis migrantas LV piespiedu migrants MT Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a) NL gedwongen migrant PL migrant przymusowy PT migrante forçado RO migrant forţat SK nútený migrant SL prisilni migrant SV tvångsmigrant NO tvungen migrant Definition A migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects). Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 Broader term ★★ migration Narrower term ★★ displacement Related terms ★★ economic migration ★★ forced migrant ★★ managed migration forced migration BG принудителна миграция CS nucená migrace DE erzwungene Migration / Zwangsmigration EL αναγκαστική μετανάστευση ES migración forzosa ET sundränne FI pakkomuutto FR migration forcée GA imirce éigeantais HU kényszerű migráció IT migrazione forzata LT priverstinė migracija LV piespiedu migrācija MT Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata NL gedwongen migratie PL migracja przymusowa PT migração forçada RO migraţie forţată SK nútená migrácia SL prisilna migracija SV tvångsmigration NO tvangsmigrasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 132 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition All persons who have a certain country as their country of usual residence and who are citizens of another country. Source OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Narrower term ★★ stock of foreigners Related term ★★ migrant stock foreign population of a country BG чуждестранно население на една държава CS populace cizinců v zemi DE ausländische Bevölkerung eines Landes EL αλλοδαπός πληθυσμός ES población extranjera ET välisriigi kodanikest rahvastik FI maan ulkomainen väestö FR population étrangère d’un pays GA daonra eachtrannach tíre HU egy ország külföldi népessége IT popolazione straniera di un paese LT šalyje gyvenantys užsieniečiai LV ārvalstnieki MT Popolazzjoni barranija ta’ pajjiż NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit PL populacja cudzoziemców z kraju PT população estrangeira RO populaţie străină SK populácia cudzincov v krajine SL tuje prebivalstvo države SV utländska medborgare NO et lands utenlandske befolkning (b) / den utanlandske folkesetnaden i eit land (n) Notes 1. The term ‘forced return’ is not used at all in EU legislation. 2. Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) which regulates the return of migrants whose stay has been found to be illegal – refers to return following a return decision as ‘return’ (not ‘forced return’). 3. In the EU environment (e.g. in the metadata of Eurostat), ‘forced return’ is synonymous with ‘removal’ – i.e. the physical transportation out of the country following a return decision. 4. Outside of EU legislation the term ‘forced return’ is more commonly used and understood as a synonym with ‘compulsory return’ – i.e. return which occurs in compliance with a return decision. forced return Definition See removal Synonyms ★★ compulsory return ★★ removal Broader term ★★ return Related terms ★★ return decision F 133 Definition Any travel or identity document: (i) that has been falsely made or altered in some material way by anyone other than a person or agency lawfully authorised to make or issue the travel or identity document on behalf of a State; or (ii) that has been improperly issued or obtained through misrepresentation, corruption or duress or in any other unlawful manner; or (iii) that is being used by a person other than the rightful holder. Source Art. 3(c) of Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime Synonyms ★★ fraudulent travel document ★★ fraudulent identity document ★★ forged travel document ★★ forged identity document ★★ false travel document ★★ false identity document Related term ★★ travel document fraudulent travel or identity document BG подправен документ за пътуване или самоличност CS padělaný nebo pozměněný průkaz totožnosti DE gefälschtes / betrügerisches Reise-oder Identitätsdokument EL ES documento de identidad o de viaje fraudulento ET võltsitud reisi- või isikut tõendav dokument FI väärä / väärennetty matkustusasiakirja / henkilötodistus FR document de voyage ou d’identité frauduleux GA bréagdhoiciméad taistil nó aitheantais HU hamis úti vagy személyazonosságot igazoló okmány IT documento di viaggio o di identità fraudolento LT suklastotas kelionės ar asmens dokumentas LV viltots ceļošanas vai personu apliecinošs dokuments MT Dokument tal-ivjaġġar jew tal-identità frodulenti / qarrieqi NL frauduleus reis- of identiteitsdocument PL fałszywy dokument podróży lub tożsamości PT RO document de călătorie sau identitate fals, falsificat sau obţinut în mod fraudulos SK falošný alebo pozmenený cestovný alebo identifikačný doklad / falošný alebo pozmenený cestovný doklad alebo doklad totožnosti SL zlorabljena (lažna) potna listina ali dokument za izkazovanje identitete SV falsk rese- eller identitetshandling NO falskt reise- eller identitetsbevis A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 134 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the EU context, a worker who is employed in the frontier zone of a Member State but who returns each day or at least once a week to the frontier zone of a neighbouring country in which they reside and of which they are nationals. Source Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation on admission of third-country nationals to the territory of the Member States for employment Related terms ★★ border resident ★★ cross-border worker ★★ local border traffic Notes 1. The definition covers in particular third-country nationals entering the EU from the neighbouring third-country in which they reside. 2. Contrary to ‘cross-border workers’, frontier workers work in the frontier zone of the neighbouring country. frontier worker BG пограничен работник CS přeshraniční pracovník DE Grenzarbeitnehmer EL συνοριακός εργαζόμενος ES trabajador transfronterizo ET piiriala töötaja FI rajatyöntekijä FR travailleur frontalier GA oibrí trasteorann HU határmenti ingázó (munkavállaló) IT lavoratore straniero frontaliero LT pasienio darbuotojas LV pārrobežu darba ņēmējs MT Ħaddiem ta’ mal-fruntiera NL grensarbeider PL pracownik przygraniczny PT trabalhador fronteiriço RO lucrător transfrontalier SK pracovník z prihraničnej oblasti SL obmejni delavec SV gränsarbetare NO arbeidstaker som grensependler (b) / arbeidstakar som grensependlar (n) GF 135 Definition The UN multilateral treaty which is the key legal document defining who is a refugee and who is not, the rights of refugees and the legal obligations of States towards them. Source Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 Synonyms ★★ Convention of 28 July 1951 relating to the status of refugees and its New York Protocol of 31 January 1967 ★★ CRSR ★★ Geneva Convention and Protocol ★★ The Convention relating to the Status of Refugees ★★ Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol ★★ Refugee Convention ★★ 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees ★★ 1951 Geneva Convention ★★ 1967 Geneva Protocol Broader term ★★ refugee law Narrower terms ★★ Convention grounds for persecution ★★ refugee Related terms ★★ international protection ★★ refugee law ★★ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Notes 1. The 1967 Protocol removed geographical and temporal restrictions from the Convention. The 1951 Convention consolidates previous international instruments relating to refugees and provides the most comprehensive codification of the rights of refugees at international level. In contrast to earlier international refugee instruments, which applied to specific groups of refugees, the 1951 endorses a single definition of the term ‘refugee’ in Art. 1. 2. The Convention is both a status and rights-based instrument and is underpinned by a number of fundamental principles, most notably non-discrimination, non-penalisation and non-refoulement. Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 BG Женевска конвенция за статута на бежанците от 1951 г. и Протокол от 1967 г. CS Ženevská úmluva o uprchlících a Protokol z r. 1967 DE Genfer Konvention von 1951 und Protokoll von 1967 EL Σύμβαση της Γενεύης και Πρωτόκολλο ES Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967 ET 1951. a Genfi konventsioon ja 1967. a protokoll FI Geneven yleissopimus vuodelta 1951 ja sen pöytäkirja vuodelta 1967 FR Convention de Genève de 1951 et Protocole de 1967 GA Coinbhinsiún na Ginéive (1951) agus Prótacal na Ginéive (1967) HU Az 1951-es Genfi Egyezmény és az 1967-es Kiegészítő Jegyzőkönyv IT Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 e Protocollo di New York del 1967 LT 1951 m. Ženevos konvencija ir 1967 m. Protokolas LV 1951.gada Ženēvas konvencija un 1967.gada protokols MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Ġinevra tal-1951 u l-Protokol tal-1967 NL Geneefse Conventie & Protocol Conventie van Genève (NL syn.: Verdrag van Genève, (In daily practice: Vluchtelingenverdrag) PL Konwencja Genewska z 1951 r. i Protokół z 1967 r. PT Convenção de Genebra e Protocolo RO Convenţia de la Geneva din 1951 şi Protocolul de Implementare din 1967 SK Ženevský dohovor z roku 1951 a Protokol z roku 1967 / Dohovor o právnom postavení utečencov z 28. júla 1951 a Newyorský protokol z 31. januára 1967 SL Ženevska konvencija iz leta 1951 in Protokol iz leta 1967 SV 1951 års konvention och 1967 års tilläggsprotokoll om flyktingars rättsliga ställning NO Genève-konvesjonen (1951) og Genève-protokollen (1967) G A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 136 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The socially constructed attributes, roles, activities, responsibilities and needs predominantly connected to being male or female in given societies or communities at a given time. Source Derived by EMN from the list of Concepts and Definitions on the UN Woman website Related term ★★ sex gender BG социален пол CS gender DE soziales Geschlecht EL γένος ES género ET sugu FI sukupuoli FR genre GA inscne HU (társadalmi) nem(i szerep) IT genere LT lytis LV dzimums MT Ġeneru / Ġens / Sess NL gender PL gender, płeć społeczno-kulturowa PT género RO gen SK rod SL spol SV genus NO kjønn G 137 Definition A network established in order to facilitate practical cooperation in the field of asylum and migration between the Immigration Services of the different member countries. Source Derived by the EMN from the website of GDISC Synonym ★★ GDISC Related term ★★ European Asylum Support Office Notes 1. The GDISC was initiated in 2004. 2. Member countries comprise the 28 EU Member States, the three EU candidate countries (Iceland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey), the potential EU candidate Bosnia and Herzegovina and two Schengen associated countries (NO and CH). 3. For more information, see: http://www.gdisc.org/ General Directors of Immigration Services Conference BG Конференция на генералните директори на имиграционните служби CS Sdružení generálních ředitelů imigračních služeb DE Konferenz der Generaldirektoren der Einwanderungsbehörden EL Διάσκεψη των Γενικών Διευθυντών των Υπηρεσιών Μετανάστευσης ES Conferencia de Directores Generales de los Servicios de Inmigración ET sisserändeteenistuste peadirektorite konverentsi FI Maahanmuuttovirastojen johtajien konferenssi FR Conférence des directeurs généraux des services d’immigration GA Comhdháil Stiúrthóirí Ginearálta na Seirbhísí Inimirce HU Bevándorlási Hatóságok Főigazgatóinak Konferenciája IT Conferenza dei Direttori generali per i servizi all’immigrazione LT Imigracijos tarnybų generalinių direktorių konferencija LV Imigrācijas dienestu ģenerāldirektoru konference MT Konferenza (Il-) tad-Diretturi Ġenerali tas-Servizzi tal-Immigrazzjoni NL Conferentie van algemeen directeuren van de immigratiediensten PL Konferencja Dyrektorów Generalnych Służb Imigracyjnych PT conferência dos directores-gerais dos serviços de imigração RO Conferinţa Directorilor Generali ai Serviciilor de Imigrare SK Konferencia generálnych riaditeľov imigračných služieb SL Konferenca generalnih direktorjev služb za priseljevanje SV General Directors of Immigration Services Conference (no usual translation) NO GDISC-konferansen / The General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 138 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. Source Art. 2 of the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948 Related terms ★★ crime against humanity ★★ ethnic cleansing Notes 1. As outlined in the Convention, these acts include: (a) killing members of the group; (b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. 2. The definition is also outlined in Art. 6 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court). genocide BG геноцид CS genocida DE Völkermord EL γενοκτονία ES genocidio ET genotsiid FI kansanmurha / joukkotuhonta FR génocide GA cinedhíothú HU népirtás IT genocidio LT genocidas LV genocīds MT Ġenoċidju NL genocide (syn. volkerenmoord) PL ludobójstwo PT genocídio RO genocid SK genocída SL genocid SV folkmord NO folkemord G 139 Related terms ★★ Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration ★★ Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership ★★ Asia-Europe Meeting ★★ Bali Process ★★ Budapest Process ★★ Cotonou Agreement ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration ★★ EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration ★★ European Neighbourhood Policy ★★ 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development ★★ High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration ★★ migration profile ★★ Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative ★★ mobility partnership ★★ Prague Process Notes 1. The Global Approach to Migration (GAM) was first defined by the European Council in December 2005 (COM(2007) 247) and further developed in 2007 and 2008. It has constituted the framework for the cooperation of the EU with third countries in the area of migration and asylum. The Stockholm Programme adopted in 2009 also acknowledged the importance of consolidating, strengthening and implementing the GAM. 2. The approach comprises the whole migration agenda, including legal and irregular migration, combating trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, strengthening protection for refugees, enhancing migrant rights and harnessing the positive links that exist between migration and development. 3. In 2011, the global approach was evaluated. As a result of this, the Commission highlighted the need for further strengthening the external migration policy and published in November 2011 the Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final on a new impetus to the EU’s external migration policy. The renewed GAMM focuses on four main priorities: improving the organisation of legal migration and facilitated mobility, preventing and reducing irregular migration in an efficient, yet humane way, strengthening the synergies between migration and development, and strengthening international protection systems and the external dimension of asylum. Global Approach to Migration and Mobility BG Глобален подход към миграцията и мобилността CS Globální přístup k migraci a mobilitě DE Gesamtansatz für Migration und Mobilität EL σφαιρική προσέγγιση της μετανάστευσης ES Enfoque Global de la Migración ET globaalne lähenemine rändele ja rahvastiku liikuvusele FI maahanmuuttoa koskeva kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa FR approche globale sur la question des migrations GA Cur Chuige Domhanda i leith Imirce agus Soghluaisteachta HU a migráció átfogó / globális megközelítése IT Approccio globale in materia di migrazione e mobilità LT Visuotinis požiūris į migraciją ir mobilumą LV vispārēja pieeja migrācijai un mobilitātei MT Approċċ Globali għall-Migrazzjoni u l-Mobilità NL wereldwijde aanpak van migratie PL Globalne Podejście do Migracji i Mobilności PT abordagem global da imigração RO Abordarea Globală a migraţiei şi Mobilitate SK Globálny prístup k migrácii a mobilite / GPMM SL Globalni pristop k migraciji in mobilnosti SV no usual translation NO global tilnærming til migrasjon og mobilitet Definition The overarching framework of the European Union’s external migration policy based on genuine partnership with non-EU countries and addressing all aspects of migration and mobility issues in an integrated, comprehensive and balanced manner. Source Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final Synonyms ★★ GAMM ★★ Global Approach to Migration ★★ GAM Narrower terms ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development ★★ migration profile ★★ migration routes initiative A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 140 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An initiative of the UN Member States to address the migration and development interconnections in practical and action-orientated ways. Source Website of the Global Forum on Migration and Development Synonym ★★ GFMD Related terms ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development ★★ Cotonou Agreement ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility ★★ migration profile Notes 1. The first session of the GFMD was held in 2007. 2. The GFMD is a voluntary, informal, non-binding and government-led process open to all States and Observers of the UN, to advance understanding and cooperation on the mutually reinforcing relationship between migration and development. 3. For more information, see the website of GFMD: www.gfmd.org Global Forum on Migration and Development BG Глобален форум за миграция и мобилност CS Globální fórum k migraci a rozvoji DE Weltforum über Migration und Entwicklung EL ES Foro Mundial sobre Migración y Desarrollo ET ülemaailmne rände-ja arengupoliitika foorum FI Muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä käsittelevä maailmanlaajuinen foorumi FR Forum mondial sur la migration et le développement GA Fóram Domhanda maidir le hImirce agus Forbairt HU Migrációs és Fejlesztési Globális Fórum IT Forum Globale su Migrazione e Sviluppo LT Pasaulinis migracijos ir vystymosi forumas LV Pasaules forums par migrāciju un attīstību MT Forum Globali fuq Migrazzjoni u Żvilupp NL Globaal Forum omtrent Migratie en Ontwikkeling PL Światowe Forum na Rzecz. Migracji i Rozwoju PT Forum global sobre migrações e desenvolvimento RO Forumul Glrobal cu privire la Migraţie şi Dezvoltare SK Globálne fórum o migrácii a rozvoji SL Globalni forum o migraciji in razvoju SV Globalt forum för migration och utveckling NO Globalt forum for migrasjon og utvikling G 141 Definition A practice by which all persons forming part of a large-scale influx are regarded as refugees on a prima facie basis, ensuring that protection and assistance needs are met without prior individual determination of refugee status. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Synonym ★★ prima facie determination of refugee status Related terms ★★ group persecution ★★ prima facie refugee Note Refugee status must normally be determined on an individual basis, but when large populations are displaced under circumstances that indicate that most members of the population could individually be considered refugees, and where the need to provide protection and assistance is urgent and / or where it may not be possible for practical reasons to carry out an individual determination of refugee status, each member of that population in question can be regarded prima facie (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) as a refugee. In other words, the presumption is that individual members of the population concerned would be considered as refugees in need of protection. For more information, see UNHCR: Refugee status determination 2005: http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/43141f5d4.pdf group determination of refugee status BG групово определяне на статут на бежанец CS no translation DE Gruppenfeststellung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft EL Ομάδα για τον καθορισμό του καθεστώτος του πρόσφυγα ES determinación colectiva de la condición de refugiado ET grupi pagulasseisundi kindlaksmääramine FI pakolaisaseman ryhmämäärittäminen FR détermination collective du statut de réfugié GA stádas dídeanaí a chinneadh ar bhun grúpa HU we do not use this term, it could be translated as „csoportos elismerés menekültként” IT riconoscimento collettivo dello status di rifugiato LT pabėgėlio statusas (suteikiamas grupei) LV bēgļa statusa noteikšana grupai MT Għarfien kollettiv tal-istatus ta’ rifuġjat NL vaststelling van prima facie vluchtelingschap (syn.: vaststelling van vluchtelingschap zonder meer) PL grupowe uznanie statusu uchodźcy PT determinação colectiva do estatuto de refugiado (refugiados prima facie) RO determinarea statutului de refugiat în cazul unui grup SK skupinové určenie štatútu utečenca SL skupinsko določanje statusa begunca SV no translation NO gruppeavgjørelse av flyktningstatus (b) / gruppeavgjerd av flyktningestatus (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 142 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A working group within the framework of G8 countries which tackles irregular migration and trafficking in the broader context of combating terrorism and transnational crime. Source Website of the Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group Synonyms ★★ G8 Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group ★★ Roma-Lyon Group Notes 1. The G8 Roma-Lyon Group mainly focuses on strategies relating to public security in an effort to combat terrorism and transnational crime. It gathers experts who are all civil servants from the G8 members, mainly from justice, foreign affairs and law enforcement services and intelligence agencies. The Group consists of several sub-groups dealing with different aspects of transnational crime. 2. G8 countries are Canada, FR, DE, IT, Japan, Russia, UK and the United States of America, with the European Commission also attending meetings. Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group, Migration Experts Sub-Group BG no translation CS G8 - skupina Řím - Lyon, podskupina migračních expertů DE Gruppe der Acht (Rom-Lyon-Gruppe), Untergruppe von Migrationsexperten EL ES subgrupo de expertos en migración Roma / Lyon del G8 ET G8, rände-ekspertide alagrupp FI G8-maiden Roma / Lyon-ryhmän maahanmuuttajaasiantuntijoiden alatyöryhmä FR sous-groupe des experts en migrations du Groupe de Lyon / Rome (G8) GA Fo-Ghrúpa G8 Lyon / na Róimhe de Shaineolaithe Imirce HU G8 Lyon / Róma Migrációs Szakértői Alcsoport IT Sottogruppo G8 Roma / Lione di esperti in migrazione (R / L) LT Didžiojo aštuoneto Liono / Romos ekspertų migracijos klausimais pogrupis LV G8 Romas - Lionas grupas migrācijas ekspertu apakšgrupa MT Grupp (Il-) ta’ appoġġ G8 Lyon-Roma b’esperti fuq il-migrazzjoni NL G8 Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group PL Podgrupa ekspertów w zakresie migracji Lyon / Rzym - G8 PT subgrupo de peritos de migração Leão / Roma – G8 RO no usual translation SK Podskupina migračných expertov skupiny G8 Lyon‑Rím SL Skupna osmih Rim - Lion, Podskupina strokovnjakov za migracije SV G8:s Roma / Lyon-grupp NO G8 Lyon / Roma-undergruppen av migrasjonseksperter (b) / G8 Lyon / Roma‑undergruppa av migrasjonsekspertar (n) G 143 Source Definition according to the consistent practice of the German Federal Administrative Court based on ruling of 15 May 1990 – 9 C 17.89 Broader term ★★ persecution Related terms ★★ act of persecution ★★ actor of persecution ★★ group determination of refugee status ★★ prima facie refugee Notes 1. This concept has no legal definition in the Member States. 2. ‘Group’ is interpreted broadly as referring to persons of a particular religious belief, social (e.g. homosexuals), and / or coming from a particular region within a country. 3. An assumption of group persecution requires a certain intensity of persecution to warrant the general assumption of the individual persecution of each group member, irrespective of whether an individual has indeed been the victim of such persecution. This requires a threat emanating from so large a number of violations of rights protected by asylum law that it goes beyond separate individual infringements or a large number of individual infringements, but rather constitutes acts of persecution in the specific territory aimed at the group as a whole which increase, are repeated and spread to such an extent that there is not only a possibility, but a direct imminent danger of becoming a victim oneself for any member of such a group. 4. With consideration to the general principle of subsidiarity in refugee law, group persecution will only entitle a refugee to protection abroad, if the danger is present in the entire territory of the country of origin, i.e. if there is no internal alternative for protection. For the purposes of the danger of persecution after return, such an internal alternative must be reasonable and accessible from the country of refuge. 5. For more information on group persecution, see the European Database of Asylum Law(EDAL): http://www.asylumlawdatabase. eu/en/case-law-search?search_api_views_fulltext=group+persecution&=Search+EDAL+summaries, i.e. German Federal Administrative Court, ruling of 12 April 2009 – 10 C 11.08. group persecution BG групово преследване CS no translation DE Gruppenverfolgung EL Δίωξη (ομάδα) ES no translation ET grupi tagakiusamine FI ryhmään kohdistuva vaino FR persécution à l’encontre d’un groupe GA géarleanúint grúpa HU no translation IT persecuzione di gruppo LT persekiojamoji grupė LV grupas vajāšana MT Persekuzzjoni ta’ grupp(-i) ta’ nies NL groepsvervolging PL grupowe prześladowanie PT grupo alvo de perseguição RO persecuţie de grup SK prenasledovanie skupiny SL skupinsko preganjanje SV förföljelse av en grupp NO forfølgelse av en gruppes medlemmer (b) / forfølging av medlemmene av ei gruppe (n) Definition A concept which recognises that persecution can be enacted against members of a section of the population (a ‘group’) that is suffering oppression or is threatened as a whole in its home country according to one of the criteria defined in the Geneva Convention of 1951 to an extent that the members of such a group are not only covertly or potentially at risk, but quite tangibly and imminently requiring thus a certain intensity of persecution to warrant the general assumption of the individual persecution of each group member, irrespective of whether an individual has indeed been the victim of such persecution. In any case, whilst a group may be persecuted, an application for international protection must be examined on an individual basis in the Member States, and not all together as one group. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 144 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An economic migrant recruited for a restricted time of settlement and employment. Source Developed by EMN Broader term ★★ economic migrant Related term ★★ migrant worker Note This term is no longer used in the EU context. It was more or less restricted to migration flows in the 1950s and 1960s. guest worker BG гост работник CS no translation DE Gastarbeiter EL μετακαλούμενος εργαζόμενος ES trabajador invitado ET võõrtöötaja FI vierastyöläinen FR travailleur étranger GA aoi-oibrí HU vendégmunkás IT lavoratore ospite LT besisvečiuojantis darbuotojas LV viesstrādnieks MT Ħaddiem mistieden NL gastarbeider PL gastarbaiter PT trabalhador convidado RO lucrător vizitator SK zahraničný hosťujúci pracovník SL gostujoči delavec SV gästarbetare NO gjestearbeider (b) / gjestearbeidar (n) HG 145 Definition Unwanted conduct related to racial or ethnic origin with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person and of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. Source Art. 2 (3) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) harassment BG тормоз CS obtěžování DE Belästigung EL παρενόχληση ES acoso ET ahistamine FI häirintä FR harcèlement GA ciapadh HU zaklatás IT molestia LT priekabiavimas LV uzmākšanās MT Molestja / Fastidju NL intimidatie PL molestowanie PT perseguição RO persecuţie, hărţuire SK obťažovanie SL nadlegovanje SV trakasserier NO trakassering / mobbing Definition The movement of refugees and migrants by dangerous means from one location to another. Source Derived by EMN from UNHCR: Draft Proposal for a Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative: EU solidarity for rescue-at-sea, protection and comprehensive responses, 2013 Notes 1. Harmful movement may include movement that risks people’s lives (e.g. by sea) or which puts them at risk of trafficking. 2. This term has only been recently put into use by practitioners. harmful onward movement BG no translation CS no translation DE gefährliche Weiterwanderung EL ES movimientos irregulares peligrosos ET ohtlik (edasi) liikumine FI vaarallisin keinoin siirtyminen (uudistermi) FR mouvement secondaire dangereux GA athghluaiseacht dhainséarach HU két hely közötti veszélyes átjutás IT spostamento pericoloso LT pavojingas judėjimas pirmyn LV bīstama pārvietošanās MT Mogħdija ’l quddiem dannuża / ta’ ħsara NL no translation PL niebezpieczne dalsze przemieszczanie się PT RO mişcare de avansare periculoasă SK riskantné presúvanie sa utečencov a migrantov SL škodljivo gibanje, ki gre dalje / Škodljivo gibanje, ki se nadaljuje SV No translation NO risikabel viderereise (b) / risikabel vidarereise (n) H A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 146 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A strategic group which works under the auspices of the European Council and which was set up to establish a comprehensive and integrated strategy for the EU’s cooperation with third countries in the area of asylum and migration. Source Conclusions of the General Affairs Council, December 1998 Synonym ★★ HLWG Related terms ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility ★★ Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum Notes 1. The HLWG was set up in December 1998 to prepare cross-pillar Action Plans for the countries of origin and transit of asylum seekers and migrants. 2. The HLWG’s focus is on external relations with third countries, particularly within the context of the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility. Its objective is to strengthen the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies based on dialogue, cooperation and partnership with countries of origin and transit in the areas of legal migration, irregular migration, migration and development. The Group also prepares conclusions and recommendations on asylum and migration to be adopted by the Council. They carry out an assessment of the political, economic and human rights situation in countries of origin and provide a joint analysis of the causes and consequences of migration. High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration BG Работна група на високо равнище „Убежище и миграция“ CS pracovní skupina na vysoké úrovni pro azyl a migraci DE Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und Einwanderung EL Ομάδα Εργασίας Υψηλού Επιπέδου για το ‘Ασυλο και την Μετανάστευση ES grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración y asilo ET kõrgetasemine varjupaiga ja rände töörühm FI turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttoasioiden korkean tason työryhmä FR Groupe de haut niveau «Asile et Migration» GA Grúpa Oibre Ardleibhéil maidir le Tearmann agus Imirce HU Magas Szintű Menekültügyi és Migrációs Munkacsoport IT Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di asilo e migrazione LT Prieglobsčio ir migracijos aukšto lygio darbo grupė LV Augsta līmeņa darba grupa migrācijas un patvēruma jautājumos MT Grupp ta’ Ħidma ta’ Livell Għoli dwar l-Ażil u l-Migrazzjoni NL Werkgroep op hoog niveau voor asiel en migratie PL Grupa Robocza Wysokiego Szczebla ds. Azylu i Migracji PT grupo alto nível asilo e migração RO Grupul de lucru la nivel înalt în domeniul migraţiei şi azilului SK Pracovná skupina na vysokej úrovni pre azyl a migráciu SL Delovna skupina visokih predstavnikov za azil in migracije SV Högnivågruppen för asyl och migration NO høynivågruppen for asyl og migrasjon (b) / høgnivågruppa for asyl og migrasjon (n) H 147 Definition The employment of a person who: (a) in the Member State concerned, is protected as an employee under national employment law and / or in accordance with national practice, irrespective of the legal relationship, for the purpose of exercising genuine and effective work for, or under the direction of, someone else; (b) is paid; and, (c) has the required adequate and specific competence, as proven by higher professional qualifications. Source Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive) Related terms ★★ EU Blue Card ★★ highly qualified migrant Note In some Member States, there is a distinction between ‘highly skilled’, referring to someone who has the required adequate and specific competence as proven by higher educational qualifications and / or extensive (vocational) experience; and ‘highly qualified’, referring to someone who has required adequate and specific competence as proven by higher educational qualifications only. In the EU context, however, these terms are considered to be interchangeable, e.g. the definition for ‘highly skilled’ used in Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) uses the definition for ‘highly qualified’. highly qualified employment BG висококвалифицирана заетост CS zaměstnání vyžadující vysokou kvalifikaci DE hochqualifizierte Beschäftigung EL ES empleo altamente cualificado ET kõrgelt kvalifitseeritud töö FI korkeaa pätevyyttä vaativa työ FR emploi hautement qualifié GA fostaíocht ardcháilíochta HU Magasan képzett személy / Munkavállaló foglalkoztatása IT lavoro altamente qualificato LT aukštos profesinės kvalifikacijos darbas LV augsti kvalificēta nodarbinātība MT Impjieg bi kwalifiki għoljin NL hooggekwalificeerde baan PL zatrudnienie pracowników wysoko wykwalifikowanych PT emprego altamente qualificado RO loc de muncă înalt calificat SK vysokokvalifikované zamestnanie SL visoko kvalificirana zaposlitev SV högkvalificerad anställning NO sysselsetting av høyt kvalifisert arbeidskraft (b) / sysselsetjing av høgt kvalifisert arbeidskraft (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 148 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, a person falling within ILO ISCO-88 Classes 1, 2 and 3, e.g. a person qualified as a manager, executive, professional, technician or similar, who moves within the internal labour markets of transnational corporations and international organisations, or who seeks employment through international labour markets for scarce skills. In the EU context, a third-country national who seeks employment in a Member State and has the required adequate and specific competence, as proven by higher professional qualifications. Source Global context: UNESCO Glossary of Migration-related Terms EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive) Synonyms ★★ business migrant ★★ highly qualified migrant worker ★★ highly skilled migrant Broader term ★★ migrant worker Related terms ★★ EU Blue Card ★★ highly qualified employment ★★ mutual recognition agreement Notes 1. In some Member States, there is a distinction between ‘highly skilled’, referring to someone who has the required adequate and specific competence, as proven by higher educational qualifications, and / or extensive (vocational) experience; and ‘highly qualified’, referring to someone who has required adequate and specific competence, as proven by higher educational qualifications only. In the EU context, however, these terms are considered to be interchangeable, e.g. the definition for ‘highly skilled’ used in the Migratory Statistics Regulation (862/2007) uses the definition for ‘highly qualified’. 2. The understanding of who is a ‘highly qualified’ and a ‘qualified third-country national’ varies in the Member States, with different definitions and concepts existing. Often these depend on national labour market demands and other national criteria. For more information, see EMN: Attracting highly qualified and qualified third-country nationals, 2013. highly qualified migrant BG висококвалифициран миграант CS vysoce kvalifikovaný zaměstnanec; vysoce kvalifikovaný pracovník DE hochqualifizierter Migrant EL μετανάστης υψηλης εξειδίκευσης ES persona migrante altamente cualificada ET kõrgelt kvalifitseeritud sisserändaja FI korkeasti koulutettu maahanmuuttaja FR migrant hautement qualifié GA imirceach ardcháilithe HU magasan képzett migráns IT migrante altamente qualificato LT aukštos profesinės kvalifikacijos migrantas LV augsti kvalificēts migrants MT Migrant(a) bi kwalifiki għoljin NL hooggekwalificeerde migrant PL migrant wysoko wykwalifikowany PT Migrante altamente qualificado RO migrant înalt calificat SK vysokokvalifikovaný migrant SL visoko kvalificiran migrant SV högkvalificerad migrant NO høyt kvalifisert migrant (b) / høgt kvalifisert migrant (n) H 149 Definition The Member State / country in which a third-country national / non-national takes up residence. Source Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ receiving country Narrower term ★★ host Member State Related terms ★★ host society ★★ right of residence host country BG приемаща страна CS hostitelský stát DE Aufnahmeland EL χώρα υποδοχής ES país de acogida ET vastuvõttev riik FI vastaanottava maa FR pays d’accueil GA tír aíochta HU fogadó ország IT paese ospitante LT priimančioji valstybė LV uzņēmējvalsts MT Pajjiż li jilqa’ NL gastland PL kraj przyjmujący PT país de acolhimento RO ţară gazdă SK hostiteľská krajina / prijímajúca krajina SL država gostiteljica SV värdland NO vertsland Definition The Member State to which a union citizen moves in order to exercise their right to free movement and residence. Source Art. 2(3) of Council Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive) Broader term ★★ host country host Member State BG приемаща държава членка CS hostitelský členský stát DE Aufnahmemit- gliedstaat EL κ-μ υποδοχής ES Estado Miembro de acogida ET vastuvõttev liikmesriik FI vastaanottava jäsenvaltio FR État membre d’accueil GA ballstát aíochta HU befogadó tagállam IT Stato membro ospitante LT priimančioji valstybė narė LV uzņēmējdalībvalsts MT Stat Membru Ospitanti NL gastlidstaat PL przyjmujące państwo członkowskie PT estado membro de acolhimento RO Stat Membu gazdă SK hostiteľský členský štát / prijímajúci členský štát SL gostujoča država članica SV mottagande medlemsstat NO vertsmedlemsland A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 150 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the EU context, residents (both nationals and non-nationals) of a national / regional / local community within a Member State. Source Developed by EMN Related terms ★★ Common Basic Principles ★★ host country ★★ host Member State ★★ integration Note In accordance with integration being a dynamic, two-way process, the activities undertaken by the host society serve to facilitate the integration of a third-country national according to the Common Basic Principles. host society BG приемащо общество CS hostitelská společnost DE Aufnahmegesellschaft EL κοινωνία υποδοχής ES sociedad de acogida ET vastuvõttev ühiskond FI vastaanottava yhteiskunta FR société d’accueil GA sochaí óstach HU befogadó társadalom IT società di accoglienza LT priimančioji visuomenė LV vietējā sabiedrība MT Soċjetà li tilqa’ NL gastsamenleving (syn.: gastmaatschappij) PL społeczeństwo przyjmujące PT sociedade de acolhimento RO societate gazdă SK hostiteľská spoločnosť / prijímajúca spoločnosť SL gostujoča družba SV värdsamhälle NO vertssamfunn Definition Agreed international standards that recognise and protect the dignity and integrity of every individual, without any distinction. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of terms Related term ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ★★ European Convention on Human Rights ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Note Human rights form part of customary international law and are stipulated in a variety of national, regional and international legal documents generally referred to as human rights instruments. human rights BG човешки права CS lidská práva DE Menschenrechte EL ES derechos humanos ET inimõigused FI ihmisoikeudet FR droits de l’homme GA cearta an duine HU emberi jogok IT diritti umani LT žmogaus teisės LV cilvēktiesības MT Drittijiet (Id-) tal-bniedem NL mensenrechten PL prawa człowieka PT RO drepturile omului SK ľudské práva SL človekove pravice SV mänskliga rättigheter NO menneskerettigheter (b) / menneskerettar (n) H 151 Definition The body of customary international law, human rights instruments and national law that recognises and protects human rights. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of terms Related terms ★★ European Convention on Human Rights ★★ refugee law Note Refugee law and human rights law complement each other. human rights law BG закон за човешките права CS zákony o lidských právech DE internationale Menschenrechts-normen EL ES legislación de derechos humanos ET inimõiguste õigus FI ihmisoikeuslainsäädäntö FR droit relatif aux droits de l’homme GA na dlíthe i leith Chearta an Duine, reachtaíocht i leith Chearta an Duine HU emberi jogok IT diritto dei diritti umani LT žmogaus teisių teisė LV cilvēktiesības MT Liġi (Il-) dwar id-drittijiet tal-bniedem NL humanitair recht PL prawo praw człowieka PT RO legislaţia privind drepturile omului SK právo v oblasti ľudských práv SL pravo o človekovih pravicah SV lagstiftning till skydd för mänskliga rättigheter NO menneskerettslovgivning (b) / menneskerettslovgjeving (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 152 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Notes 1. The UK has opted into the Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) but does not (legally) use the term ‘subsidiary protection’. The inclusion of humanitarian protection within the UK immigration rules fully transposes the subsidiary protection provisions of the Qualification Directive into UK law, as it is defined as protection given to someone under the terms of the European Convention on Human Rights. 2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the term ‘leave to remain’. 3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and residence of refugees under international law or on humanitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, humanitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environmental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which may be due to an international or internal armed conflict or a poor human rights situation. 4. In EE, LV, this term is not used. 5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’. 6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No 52 of 2007). 7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38). humanitarian protection BG хуманитарен статут CS humanitární ochrana DE humanitärer Schutz EL προστασία για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους ES protección humanitaria ET humanitaarkaitse FI humanitaarinen suojelu FR protection humanitaire GA cosaint dhaonnúil HU humanitárius védelem IT protezione umanitaria LT humanitarinė apsauga LV humānā aizsardzība MT Protezzjoni umanitarja NL bescherming op humanitaire gronden PL ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym PT protecção humanitária RO protecţie umanitară SK humanitárna ochrana SL humanitarna zaščita SV humanitärt skydd NO beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b) / vern på humanitært grunnlag (n) Definition A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except in some Member States (see Notes). Source Developed by EMN Broader term ★★ protection Related terms ★★ de facto refugee ★★ international protection ★★ subsidiary protection IH 153 Definition The process of confirming and characterising a situation of trafficking in human beings for further implementation of support. Source Derived by EMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signalling Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: Construction of a Guide, 2007 Broader term ★★ trafficking in human beings Narrower term ★★ formal identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings Related term ★★ detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings BG идентификация на жертва на трафик на хора CS identifikace oběti obchodování s lidmi DE Feststellung/ Identifizierung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel EL ανίχνευση σας θυμάτων εμπορίας ανθρώπων ES identificación de víctima de trata de seres humanos ET inimkaubanduse ohvri tuvastamine FI ihmiskaupan uhrin tunnistaminen FR identification d’une victime de la traite des êtres humains GA íospartach gáinneála a shainaithint HU emberkereskedelem áldozatának azonosítása IT identificazione della vittima di tratta di esseri umani LT prekybos žmonėmis aukos nustatymas LV cilvēku tirdzniecības upura identificēšana MT Identifikazzjoni (L-) ta’ vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni NL herkennen van een slachtoffer van mensenhandel PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludźmi PT RO identificarea unei victime a traficului de fiinţe umane SK identifikácia obete obchodovania s ľuďmi SL prepoznavanje žrtve trgovine z ljudmi SV identifiering av offer för människohandel NO identifisering av offer for menneskehandel Definition A person who has been formally identified as a victim of trafficking in human beings according to the relevant formal authority in Member States. Source Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Trafficking in human beings, 2013 Broader term ★★ trafficking in human beings Related term ★★ vulnerable person identified victim of trafficking in human beings BG идентифицирана жертва на трафик на хора CS identifikovaná oběť obchodování s lidmi DE identifiziertes Opfer von Menschenhandel EL ES victima reconocida de trata de seres humanos ET (tuvastatud) inimkaubanduse ohver FI tunnistettu ihmiskaupan uhri FR victime identifiée de la traite des êtres humains GA íospartach gáinneála sainaitheanta HU emberkereskedelem azonosított áldozata IT vittima identificata di tratta di esseri umani LT nustatyta prekybos žmonėmis auka LV identificēts cilvēku tirdzniecības upuris MT Vittma identifikata fit-traffikar tal-persuni NL geïdentificeerd slachtoffer van mensenhandel PL zidentyfikowana ofiara handlu ludźmi PT RO victimă a traficului de fiinţe umane identificată SK identifikovaná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi SL identificirana žrtev trgovine z ljudmi SV identifierat offer för människohandel NO identifisert offer for menneskehandel I A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 154 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Economic activity carried out in violation of provisions set by legislation. Source Derived by EMN from definition for ‘clandestine employment’ in the ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008 Synonym ★★ clandestine employment Narrower terms ★★ illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country national ★★ illegal employment of a legally staying third-country national Related term ★★ irregular migrant Notes 1. In the EU context, this covers both the illegal employment of a third-country national who is irregularly staying on the territory of a Member State and of a legally resident third-country national working outside the conditions of the residence permit and / or without a work permit. 2. In the context of Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) this means the employment of an illegally staying third-country national (see Art. 2(d)). illegal employment BG незаконна заетост CS neoprávněné zaměstnávání DE illegale Beschäftigung EL παράνομη απασχόληση ES empleo ilegal ET ebaseaduslik töötamine FI laiton työnteko FR emploi illégal GA fostaíocht neamhdhleathach HU illegális foglalkoztatás IT lavoro illegale LT nelegalus darbas LV nelikumīga nodarbinātība MT Impjieg illegali NL illegale tewerkstelling (syn.: illegale arbeid, zwart werken) PL nielegalne zatrudnienie PT emprego ilegal RO angajare ilegală, muncă la negru SK nelegálne zamestnávanie SL ilegalna zaposlitev / nezakonita zaposlitev SV olaglig anställning / sysselsättning NO illegalt arbeid I 155 Definition The employment of an illegally staying third-country national. Source Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) Broader term ★★ illegal employment Related terms ★★ employer sanction ★★ illegal employment of a legally staying third-country national ★★ third-country national found to be illegally present Note The term itself has been slightly modified from the Employer Sanctions Directive definition in order to be more explicit. illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country national BG незаконно наемане на незаконно пребиваващ гражданин на трета страна CS neoprávněné zaměstnávání neoprávněně pobývajícího státního příslušníka třetí země DE illegale Beschäftigung eines Drittstaatsangehörigen ohne rechtmäßigen Aufenthalt EL παράνομη απασχόληση παράνομα διαμένοντος υπηκόου τρίτης χώρας ES empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en situación irregular ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi kodaniku ebaseadusliku töötamise võimaldamine FI laittomasti oleskelevan kolmannen maan kansalaisen laiton työnteko FR emploi illegal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers en séjour irrégulier GA fostú neamhdhleathach náisiúnaigh tríú tír atá i láthair go neamhdhleathach HU illegálisan tartózkodó harmadik országbeli állampolgárok illegális foglalkoztatása IT lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo irregolarmente soggiornante LT neteisėtai šalyje esančio trečiosios šalies piliečio nelegalus darbas LV trešās valsts pilsoņa, kas nelikumīgi uzturas valstī, nelikumīga nodarbinātība MT Impjieg illegali ta’ ċittadin(a) minn pajjiż terz residenti b’mod regolari NL illegale tewerkstelling van illegaal verblijvende derdelanders PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela państwa trzeciego przebywającego nielegalnie PT emprego de imigrantes ilegais RO angajarea ilegală a străinilor cu şedere ilegală SK nelegálne zamestnávanie neoprávnene sa zdržiavajúcich štátnych príslušníkov tretích krajín SL nezakonita zaposlitev državljana tretje države, ki nezakonito prebiva SV olaglig anställning av tredjelandsmedborgare som vistas olagligt NO ulovlig sysselsetting av tredjestatsborgere uten lovlig opphold (b) / ulovleg sysselsetjing av tredjestatsborgarar utan lovleg opphald (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 156 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Employment of a legally staying third-country national working outside the conditions of their residence permit and / or without a work permit. This is subject to each Member State’s national law. Source Derived by EMN from definition of ‘illegal employment’ in Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) Broader term ★★ illegal employment illegal employment of a legally staying third-country national BG незаконно наемане на законно пребиваващ гражданин на трета страна CS neoprávněné zaměstnávání oprávněně pobývajícího státního příslušníka třetí země DE illegale Beschäftigung eines Drittstaatsangehörigen mit rechtmäßigem Aufenthalt EL παράνομη απασχόληση νομίμως διαμένοντος υπηκόου τρίτης χώρας ES empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en situación de residencia legal ET seaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi kodaniku ebaseadusliku töötamise võimaldamine FI laillisesti oleskelevan kolmannen maan kansalaisen laiton työnteko FR emploi illégal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers en séjour régulier GA fostaíocht neamhdhleathach náisiúnaigh tríú tír atá i láthair go neamhdhleathach HU jogszerűen / legálisan tartózkodó harmadik országbeli állampolgárok illegális foglalkoztatása IT lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo regolarmente soggiornante LT teisėtai šalyje esančio trečiosios šalies piliečio nelegalus darbas LV trešās valsts pilsoņa, kas likumīgi uzturas valstī, nelikumīga nodarbinātība MT Impieg illegali ta’ ċittadin(a) minn pajjiż terz residenti b’mod irregolari NL illegale tewerkstelling van legaal verblijvende derdelanders PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela państwa trzeciego przebywającego legalnie PT emprego ilegal RO angajarea ilegală a străinilor cu şedere legală SK nelegálne zamestnávanie oprávnene sa zdržiavajúcich štátnych príslušníkov tretích krajín SL nezakonita zaposlitev državljana tretje države, ki prebiva zakonito SV olaglig anställning av tredjelandsmedborgare som vistas lagligt NO ulovlig sysselsetting av tredjestatsborgere med lovlig opphold (b) / ulovleg sysselsetjing av tredjestatsborgarar med lovleg opphald (n) I 157 Definition In the global context, a non-resident (both national or alien) arriving in a State with the intention to remain for a period exceeding a year. In the EU context, a person who establishes their usual residence in the territory of a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another Member State or a third country. Source Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration EU context: Art. 2(b) and (f) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics) Broader term ★★ migrant Related terms ★★ emigrant ★★ immigration ★★ short-term migrant immigrant BG имигрант CS přistěhovalec / imigrant DE Zuwanderer (EU acquis) / Einwanderer / Immigrant EL μετανάστης ES inmigrante ET sisserändaja FI maahanmuuttaja / siirtolainen FR immigrant GA inimirceach HU bevándorló IT immigrante LT imigrantas LV imigrants MT Immigrant(a) NL immigrant PL imigrant PT imigrante RO imigrant SK prisťahovalec (national law) / imigrant SL priseljenec SV invandrare NO innvandrer (b) / innvandrar (n) Definition In the global context, the act of arriving in a State with the intention to remain for a period exceeding one year. In the EU context, the action by which a person establishes their usual residence in the territory of a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another Member State or a third country. Source Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration EU context: Art. 2(b) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics) Broader term ★★ migration Narrower term ★★ EU Immigration Portal Related terms ★★ emigration ★★ immigrant immigration BG имиграция CS přistěhovalectví / imigrace DE Zuwanderung (EU acquis) / Einwanderung / Immigration EL Имиграция ES inmigración ET sisseränne FI maahanmuutto FR immigration GA inimirce HU bevándorlás IT immigrazione LT imigracija LV imigrācija MT Immigrazzjoni NL immigratie PL imigracja PT imigração RO imigraţie SK prisťahovalectvo (national law) / imigrácia SL priseljevanje SV invandring NO innvandring A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 158 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A representative of one of the Member States, posted abroad by the immigration service or other competent authorities in order to establish and maintain contacts with the authorities of the host country with a view to contributing to the prevention and combating of irregular migration, the return of irregular migrants and the management of legal migration. Source Art. 1(1) of Council Regulation (EC) 377/2004 (Immigration Liaison Officer Regulation) Synonyms ★★ ILO ★★ national liaison officer ★★ state liaison officer Related terms ★★ Information and Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration Management Services ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Notes 1. Immigration liaison officers are to collect information concerning illegal immigration for use either at operational level or at strategic level, or both. Such information could substantially contribute to the activities of Frontex relating to risk analysis; closer cooperation between different immigration liaison officers networks and Frontex should be established to that effect, as immigration liaison officers shall also be considered the liaison officers who are dealing with immigration issues as part of their duties. 2. The immigration liaison officers could be posted to the national consular authorities of Member States in third countries or to the relevant authorities of other Member States, but also to the competent authorities of the third countries, as well as to international organisations for a reasonable time period to be determined by the posting Member State. 3. An amendment to Regulation (EC) 377/2004 modifying its Articles 3, 4 and 6 was adopted as Regulation (EU) No 493/2011 on 5 April 2011. Immigration Liaison Officer BG офицер за връзка по имиграция CS imigrační styčný důstojník DE Verbindungsbeamter für Einwanderungsfragen EL Σύνδεσμος Μετανάστευσης (αξιωματούχος) ES oficiales de enlace de inmigración ET Euroopa sisserände sideametnik FI maahanmuuttoalan yhdyshenkilö FR officier de liaison «Immigration» GA Oifigeach Idirchaidrimh Inimirce (ILO) HU bevándorlási összekötő tiszt(viselő) IT funzionario di collegamento incaricato dell’immigrazione LT imigracijos ryšių palaikymo pareigūnas LV imigrācijas sadarbības koordinators MT Uffiċjal tal-Kollegament Responsabbli għall‑Immigrazzjoni (UKRI) NL immigratieverbindingsfunctionaris, (syn.: immigratieverbindingsambtenaar; in daily practice: ILO) PL oficer łącznikowy ds. imigracji PT Oficial de ligação de imigração RO ofiţer de legătură pe probleme de imigraţie (in daily practice ILO) SK imigračný styčný dôstojník SL Uradnik za zvezo za priseljevanje SV sambandsman för invandring NO kontaktperson med ansvar for immigrasjon I 159 Definition Programme to facilitate migration which is organised or supported with the assistance of a government, governments or an international organisation, as opposed to spontaneous migration, which is unaided. Source Developed by EMN Related term ★★ spontaneous migration immigration programme BG имиграционна програма CS program migrace DE Zuwanderungsprogramm / Einwanderungsprogramm EL μεταναστευτικά προγράμμα ES programa de inmigración ET rändetoetusprogramm FI maahanmuutto-ohjelma FR programme d’immigration GA clár inimirce HU bevándorlási programot IT programma per l’immigrazione LT imigracijos programa LV imigrācijas programma MT Programm ta’ immigrazzjoni NL immigratieprogramma PL program imigracyjny PT migração assistida RO program de imigraţie SK program prisťahovalectva / imigračný program SL program priseljevanja SV invandringsprogram NO program for innvandring Definition A quota established for and by the country, normally for the purposes of labour migration, for the entry of immigrants. Source Developed by EMN Broader terms ★★ labour migration ★★ quota Note In the EU context, such quotas are primarily used for thirdcountry nationals only. immigration quota BG имиграционна квота CS imigrační kvóta DE Zuwanderungsquote / Einwanderungsquote EL μεταναστευτική αναλογία / μερίδα ES cuota de inmigración ET sisserände piirarv FI maahanmuuttokiintiö FR quota d’immigration GA cuóta inimirce HU bevándorlási kvóta IT quota (per immigrati) LT imigracijos kvota LV imigrācijas kvota MT Kwota ta’ immigrazzjoni NL immigratiequota PL kwota imigracyjna PT quota de imigração RO cotă de imigraţie SK prisťahovalecká kvóta / imigračná kvóta SL kvota za priseljevanje SV invandringskvot NO innvandringskvote A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 160 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A situation in which an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice would put persons of a racial or ethnic origin at a particular disadvantage compared with other persons, unless that provision, criterion or practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and the means of achieving that aim are appropriate and necessary. Source Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) Broader term ★★ principle of equal treatment Related terms ★★ institutional discrimination ★★ structural discrimination indirect discrimination BG непряка/ косвена дискриминация CS nepřímá diskriminace DE mittelbare Diskriminierung EL έμμεση διάκριση ES discriminación indirecta ET kaudne diskrimineerimine FI välillinen syrjintä FR discrimination indirecte GA idirdhealú indíreach HU közvetett diszkrimináció IT discriminazione indiretta LT netiesioginė diskriminacija LV netieša diskrminācija MT Diskriminazzjoni indiretta NL indirecte discriminatie PL dyskryminacja pośrednia PT discriminação indirecta RO discriminare indirectă SK nepriama diskriminácia SL posredna diskriminacija SV indirekt diskriminering NO indirekte diskriminering I 161 Definition All economic activities by workers and economic units that are – in law or in practice – not covered or insufficiently covered by formal arrangements. Source Para. 3 of ILO Resolution concerning Decent Work and the Informal Economy, 2002 Synonyms ★★ black market ★★ clandestine employment Related terms ★★ informal employment ★★ informal sector Notes 1. Activities within the informal economy are not covered by law, which means that they are operating outside of the formal reach of relevant legislation; or they are not covered in practice, which means that, although they are operating within the formal reach of the law, the law is not applied or not enforced, or the law discourages compliance because it is inappropriate, burdensome or imposes excessive costs. 2. This applies to third-country nationals, too. informal economy BG неформална икономика CS šedá ekonomika DE informelle Wirtschaft / Schattenwirtschaft EL παραοικονομία ES economía informal ET varimajandus FI epävirallinen talous / pimeä talous FR économie informelle GA geilleagar neamhfhoirmiúil HU szürke gazdaság IT economia informale LT šešėlinė ekonomika LV neformālā ekonomika MT Ekonomija informali NL informele economie PL gospodarka nierejestrowana PT economia informal RO economie informală SK tieňová ekonomika / šedá ekonomika SL neformalna (siva) ekonomija SV informell ekonomi NO uformell økonomi / parallell økonomi A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 162 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A secure web-based information and coordination network for the rapid information exchange between Member States on irregular migratory flows and phenomena, and the return of illegal residents. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 1 of Council Decision 2005/267/EC Synonym ★★ ICONet Related terms ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union ★★ Immigration Liaison Officer ★★ mutual information mechanism Notes 1. The ICONet was established in 2005 within the framework of the Council’s comprehensive plan to combat illegal immigration and trafficking of human beings. 2. The elements for information exchange shall include at least the following: (a) early warning system on irregular immigration and facilitator networks; (b) network of immigration liaison officers; (c) information on the use of visas, borders and travel documents in relation to illegal immigration; and (d) return-related issues. Information and Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration Management Services BG Мрежа за информация и координация на службите за управление на миграцията на държавите членки CS Informační a koordinační síť pro služby řízení migrace členských států (ICONet) DE Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz für die Migrationsbehörden der Mitgliedstaaten EL Δίκτυο Άτυπων Επαγγελματικών Προσόντων ES ICONet ET liikmesriikide migratsiooniteenistuste info-ja koordineerimisvõrgustik FI tieto- ja koordinointiverkosto maahanmuuton hallinnasta vastaavia jäsenvaltioiden viranomaisia varten (ICONet) FR Réseau d’information et de coordination sécurisé connecté à l’internet pour les services des États membres chargés de la gestion des flux migratoires (ICONet) GA ICONet HU a tagállamok migrációkezelési szolgálatainak információs és koordinációs hálózata IT Rete di Informazione e Coordinamento per i Servizi di Gestione dell’Immigrazione degli Stati Membri (ICONet) LT Informacijos ir koordinavimo tinklas, skirtas valstybių narių migracijos valdymo tarnyboms LV Informācijas un koordinācijas tīkls dalībvalstu migrācijas pārvaldes dienestiem MT Netwerk ta’ Informazzjoni u Koordinazzjoni għasServizzi dwar Ġestjoni ta’ Migrazzjoni fl-Istati Membri (ICONet) NL ICONet PL ICONet / no usual translation PT ICONet RO Reţeaua de informare şi coordonare a serviciilor de management al migraţiei din statele membre (ICONet) SK Informačná a koordinačná sieť pre služby riadenia migrácie členských štátov / ICONet SL Informacijska in koordinacijska mreža služb držav članic za upravljanje migracije SV ICONet NO ICONet I 163 Definition In the EU context, a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of Member States. Source Action 1, section 2 of Communication on a Common Agenda for Integration, COM(2005) 389 final Narrower terms ★★ Common Basic Principles ★★ Handbook on Integration ★★ European Website on Integration ★★ National Contact Points on Integration Related terms ★★ adaptation ★★ host society ★★ reintegration Notes 1. Art. 79(4) of the TFEU gives the legal base for Union activities on integration. The promotion of fundamental rights, nondiscrimination and equal opportunities for all are key integration issues. 2. At EU level, integration policy is developed within the framework of Common Basic Principles – CBP (of which the broad definition above is the first one). 3. For more information, see European Website on Integration: http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/mandate.cfm integration BG интеграция CS integrace DE Integration EL ένταξη ES integración ET lõimumine FI kotouttaminen / kotoutuminen FR intégration GA imeascadh HU integráció IT integrazione LT integracija LV integrācija MT Integrazzjoni NL integratie PL integracja PT integração RO integrare SK integrácia SL integracija / vključevanje SV integration NO integrering A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 164 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An open and respectful exchange of views between individuals and groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on the basis of mutual understanding and respect. Source Section 1.4 of Council of Europe: White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue, May 2008 Notes 1. Intercultural dialogue has long been a principle supported by the European Union and its institutions. The year 2008 was designated ‘European Year of Intercultural Dialogue’ (EYID) by the European Parliament and the Member States. It aimed to draw the attention of people in Europe to the importance of dialogue within diversity and between diverse cultures. 2. For more information, see Evaluation of the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue, 2008 (COM/2010/03561 final). intercultural dialogue BG междукултурен диалог CS mezikulturní dialog DE interkultureller Dialog EL ES diálogo intercultural ET kultuuridevaheline dialoog FI kulttuurienvälinen vuoropuhelu FR dialogue interculturel GA idirphlé idirchultúrtha HU interkulturális párbeszéd IT dialogo interculturale LT tarpkultūrinis dialogas LV starpkultūru dialogs MT Djalogu interkulturali NL interculturele dialoog PL dialog międzykulturowy PT RO dialog intercultural SK medzikultúrny dialóg / interkultúrny dialóg SL medkulturni dialog SV interkulturell dialog NO interkulturell dialog I 165 Definition An informal, non-decision making forum for intergovernmental information exchange and policy debate on issues of relevance to the management of international migratory flows, which brings together the participating states, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the International Organization for Migration and the European Commission. Source Website of the IGC Synonym ★★ IGC Notes 1. The starting point for the IGC was a conference held in May 1985 under the auspices of the UNHCR. While historically focused on asylum issues, IGC has moved towards greater discussion and exchange of data on general migration policies since 2006. 2. For more information on participating states etc., see the IGC website: http://www.igc.ch/ Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees BG Междуправителствени консултации по миграция, убежище и бежанци CS Mezivládní konzultace k migraci, azylu a uprchlictví DE Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen über Migration, Asyl und Flüchtlinge EL ES Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, Refugio y Migración ET valitsustevahelised konsultatsioonid rände-, varjupaiga- ja pagulasteemal FI IGC (Euroopan, Pohjois-Amerikan ja Australian turvapaikka-, pakolais- ja siirtolaispolitiikkoja käsittelevät hallitustenväliset neuvottelut) FR Consultations intergouvernementales sur les politiques d’asile, de réfugiés et de migrations GA Comhairliúcháin Idir-Rialtasacha maidir le hImirce, Tearmann agus Dídeanaithe HU Kormányközi Tanácskozás / Együttműködés a Migrációról és a Menekültügyről IT Consultazioni Inter-Governative in materia di Immigrazione, Asilo e Rifugiati LT Tarpvyriausybinės konsultacijos migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių klausimais LV Starpvaldību konsultācijas par migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu jautājumiem MT Konsultazzjonijiet Intergovernattivi fuq Migrazzjoni, Ażil u Rifuġjati NL IGC (BE syn.: Intergouvernementeel Overleg over migratie, asiel en vluchtelingen) PL międzyrządowe konsultacje nt. migracji, azylu i uchodźców PT consultas intergovernamentais sobre migrações, asilo e refugiados RO Consultări interministeriale cu privire la migraţie, azil şi refugiaţi SK Medzivládne konzultácie o migrácii, azyle a utečencoch SL Medvladna posvetovanja o migraciji, azilu in beguncih SV Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees NO Flernasjonal informasjonsutveksling om migrasjons, asyl- og flyktningspørsmål A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 166 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Schengen Member States’ common borders, including land borders, river and lake borders, sea borders and their airports, river ports, sea ports and lake ports. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 1 of Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) Synonym ★★ internal Schengen border Related terms ★★ border control ★★ external EU border ★★ irregular entry ★★ legal entry ★★ refusal of entry ★★ Schengen Borders Code Notes 1. IE and UK do not participate in the Schengen Area. 2. BG, HR and RO are Schengen candidate countries. 3. IS, LI, NO and CH are also Schengen Member States, although they are not EU Member States. 4. For updated information on membership to the Schengen Area, see the DG HOME website: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/ home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/ index_en.htm internal EU border BG вътрешна граница на ЕС CS vnitřní hranice EU DE EU-Binnengrenze EL εσωτερικά σύνορα ES frontera interior (UE) ET Euroopa Liidu sisepiir FI EU:n sisäraja FR frontière intérieure de l’UE GA teorainn inmheánach AE HU belső határ IT frontiera interna UE LT vidaus siena LV ES iekšējā robeža MT Konfini (Il-) interni / Fruntiera (Il-) interna tal-UE NL EU binnengrens PL granica wewnętrzna UE PT fronteira interna RO Frontieră internă UE SK vnútorná hranica EÚ SL notranja meja EU SV inre gräns NO grense mellom Schengen-medlemsland I 167 Definition A person or groups of persons who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised State border. Source Art. 2 of UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement Synonym ★★ IDP Broader term ★★ displaced person Related terms ★★ de facto refugee ★★ environmentally displaced person Note For more information, see the website of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC): http://www.internal-displace- ment.org/about-us internally displaced person BG вътрешно разселено лице CS vnitřně přesídlená osoby DE Binnenvertriebener EL εσωτερικώς εκτοπισμένο άτομο ES población desplazada internamente ET riigisiseselt ümberasustatud isikud FI maan sisällä siirtymään joutunut henkilö / maan sisäinen pakolainen FR personne déplacée à l’intérieure de son propre pays GA duine easáitithe de thír HU belső menekült IT sfollato interno LT viduje perkeltasis asmuo LV iekšzemē pārvietota persona MT Persuna sfollata internament / f’pajjiżha stess NL in eigen land ontheemd persoon PL osoba przesiedlona wewnętrznie PT deslocado interno RO persoană strămutată intern SK vnútorne vysídlená osoba SL notranje razseljena oseba (NRO) SV internflykting NO internt fordrevet person (b) / internt fordriven person (n) Definition An intergovernmental organisation in the field of migration dedicated to ensuring the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other uprooted people. Source Website of the International Organisation of Migration Related terms ★★ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Notes 1. The agency was created in 1951. 2. It is one of the main inter-governmental organisations in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. 3. For further information, see the website of IOM: https://www.iom.int/cms/about-iom International Organization for Migration BG Международна организация по миграция CS Mezinárodní ogranizace pro migraci DE Internationale Organisation für Migration EL Διεθνούς Οργανισμού Μετανάστευσης ES Organización Internacional para las Migraciones ET Rahvusvaheline Migratsiooniorganisatsioon FI Kansainvälinen siirtolaisuusjärjestö FR Organisation internationale pour les migrations GA an Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta um Imirce HU Nemzetközi Migrációs Szervezet IT Organizzazione Internazionale per le Migrazioni LT Tarptautinė migracijos organizacija LV Starptautiskā Migrācijas organizācija MT Organizzazzjoni (L-) Internazzjonali għall-Migrazzjoni NL Internationale Organisatie voor Migratie PL Międzynarodowa Organizacja do Spraw Migracji  PT Organização Internacional para as Migrações RO Organizaţia Internaţională pentru Migraţie SK Medzinárodná organizácia pre migráciu SL Mednarodna organizacija za migracije SV International Organization for Migration NO Den internasjonale migrasjonsorganisasjonen A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 168 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, the actions by the international community on the basis of international law, aimed at protecting the fundamental rights of a specific category of persons outside their countries of origin, who lack the national protection of their own countries. In the EU context, protection that encompasses refugee status and subsidiary protection status. Source Global context: UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(a) of Directive 2011/95/ EC (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ protection Narrower terms ★★ refugee status ★★ subsidiary protection Related terms ★★ asylum ★★ Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 ★★ humanitarian protection ★★ temporary protection ★★ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees international protection BG международна закрила CS mezinárodní ochrana DE internationaler Schutz EL διεθνής προστασία ES protección (internacional) ET rahvusvaheline kaitse FI kansainvälinen suojelu FR protection internationale GA cosaint idirnáisiúnta HU nemzetközi védelem IT protezione internazionale LT prieglobstis LV starptautiskā aizsardzība MT Protezzjoni internazzjonali NL internationale bescherming PL ochrona międzynarodowa PT protecção internacional RO protecţie internaţională SK medzinárodná ochrana SL mednarodna zaščita SV internationellt skydd NO internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / internasjonalt vern (n) I 169 Definition A third-country national subject to a temporary secondment from an undertaking established outside the territory of a Member State and to which the third-country national is bound by a work contract to an entity belonging to the undertaking or to the same group of undertakings which is established inside this territory. Source Derived from Arts. 3(b) and 3(c) of Proposal for a Directive on conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate transfer (COM(2010) 378 final) Note The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), liberalises trade in services, including the temporary movement of natural persons as service suppliers. Mode 4 refers to the presence of persons of one WTO member in the territory of another for the purpose of providing a service. It does not concern persons seeking access to the employment market in the host member, nor does it affect measures regarding citizenship, residence or employment on a permanent basis. For more information, see http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/ serv_e/mouvement_persons_e/mouvement_persons_e.htm intra-corporate transferee BG вътрешно-корпоративен трансфер CS vnitropodnikově převáděný pracovník DE innerbetrieblich versetzte Person EL ενδο-επιχειρησιακή ES trabajador transnacional ET ettevõttesisene üleviimine FI sisäisen siirron saanut työntekijä / yrityksen tilapäisesti toiseen maahan lähettämä työntekijä FR personne faisant l’objet d’un transfert temporaire intragroupe GA aistrí ionchorparáideach HU vállalaton belül áthelyezett személy IT lavoratore straniero distaccato (persona trasferita all’interno della stessa società in un altro paese) LT bendrovės viduje perkeliamas asmuo LV uzņēmuma ietvaros pārcelts darbinieks MT Ħaddiem trasferit minn post għal ieħor tal‑istess kumpanija // Trasferiment intra-korporattiv ta’ ħaddiem NL binnen een onderneming overgeplaatste persoon PL pracownik przenoszony wewnątrz przedsiębiorstwa PT pessoas transferidas temporariamente pela empresa RO transferat intra-corporaţie SK pracovník presunutý v rámci spoločnosti SL oseba premeščena znotraj podjetja SV företagsinternt förflyttad person NO utstasjonert arbeidstaker (b) / utstasjonert arbeidstakar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 170 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Action of persons (EU nationals or legally resident third-country nationals) undertaking their right to free movement by moving from one EU Member State to another. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘right to free movement’ in the EMN Glossary Synonyms ★★ EU mobility ★★ free movement ★★ Inter-EU migration ★★ Intra-EU migration ★★ intra EU / EFTA-mobility ★★ third-country national mobility Broader term ★★ right to free movement Notes 1. Free movement / intra-EU mobility is available under two different schemes. The first scheme is a very open one and applicable to EU citizens who benefit from full freedom of movement. The second scheme concerns migrant workers. Rules applicable here are less generous and limited to specific categories of third-country nationals, i.e. long-term residents, highly skilled workers, researchers and students. 2. Through separate agreements between the EU and IS, LI, NO and CH, the same rights to free movement apply to their citizens and their territories. intra-EU mobility BG движение в рамките на ЕС CS mobilita v rámci EU DE EU-Binnenmobilität EL ES movilidad intracomunitaria ET Euroopa Liidu sisene liikuvus FI EU:n sisäinen liikkuvuus FR mobilité intra-UE GA gluaisteacht san AE HU EU-n belüli mobilitás IT mobilità intra-UE LT judumas ES viduje LV ES iekšējā mobilitāte MT Intramobbiltà fl-UE NL mobiliteit binnen de EU PL mobilność wewnątrzunijna PT RO mobilitate intra UE SK mobilita v rámci Európskej únie / mobilita v rámci EÚ SL notranja mobilnost v EU SV EU-intern rörlighet NO mobilitet mellom EUs medlemsland I 171 Synonym ★★ illegal entry Broader term ★★ irregular migration Related terms ★★ border control ★★ external EU border ★★ internal EU border ★★ legal entry ★★ Schengen Borders Code Notes 1. The European Commission favours nowadays the term ‘irregular entry’ (e.g. see: DG Home e-Library Glossary) instead of ‘illegal entry’. 2. Art. 5 of the Schengen Borders Code states that for stays not exceeding three months per six-month period, the entry conditions for third-country nationals shall be the following: (a) they are in possession of a valid travel document or documents authorising them to cross the border; (b) they are in possession of a valid visa, if required pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement (17), except where they hold a valid residence permit; (c) they justify the purpose and conditions of the intended stay, and they have sufficient means of subsistence, both for the duration of the intended stay and for the return to their country of origin or transit to a third country into which they are certain to be admitted, or are in a position to acquire such means lawfully; (d) they are not persons for whom an alert has been issued in the Schengen Information System for the purposes of refusing entry; (e) they are not considered to be a threat to public policy, internal security, public health or the international relations of any of the Member States, in particular where no alert has been issued in Member States’ national data bases for the purposes of refusing entry on the same grounds. 3. For more information, see Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32006R0562:EN:NOT irregular entry BG незаконно влизане CS neoprávněný vstup na území DE irreguläre Einreise EL παράνομη είσοδος ES entrada irregular ET ebaseaduslik (riiki) sisenemine FI laiton maahantulo FR entrée irrégulière GA iontráil aimhrialta HU szabálytalan határátlépés IT ingresso irregolare LT neteisėtas atvykimas LV nelikumīga ieceļošana MT Dħul irregolari NL illegale binnenkomst PL nieregularny wjazd PT entrada irregular RO SK nelegálny vstup / neoprávnený vstup SL ilegalen vstop / nedovoljen vstop SV olaglig inresa NO irregulær innreise Definition In the global context, crossing borders without complying with the necessary requirements for legal entry into the receiving State. In the Schengen context, the entry of a third-country national into a Schengen Member State who does not satisfy Art. 5 of the Schengen Borders Code. Source Global context: Definition for ‘illegal entry’ in Art. 3(b) of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime Schengen context: Developed by EMN A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 172 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Source Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. Ed. 2011 EU context: Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘illegal stay’ in Art. 3 of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonyms ★★ clandestine migrant ★★ illegal migrant ★★ insufficiently documented migrant ★★ migrant in an irregular siuation ★★ migrant with irregular status ★★ unauthorised migrant ★★ undocumented migrant Broader term ★★ migrant Narrower term ★★ third-country national found to be illegally present Related terms ★★ apprehension ★★ irregular migration ★★ overstay(er) Notes 1. The IOM definition covers inter alia those persons who have entered a transit or host country lawfully but have stayed for a longer period than authorised or subsequently taken up unauthorised employment. 2. The term ‘irregular’ is preferable to ‘illegal’ migrant because the latter carries a criminal connotation, entering a country in an irregular manner, or staying with an irregular status, is not a criminal offence but an infraction of administrative regulations. Apart from this, juridically and ethically, an act can be legal or illegal but a person cannot. Thus more and more the term ‘migrant in an irregular situation’ or ‘migrant with irregular status’ is preferred. 3. The European Commission has used the term ‘third-country national found to be illegally present’ or ‘illegally resident / staying third-country national’ in legislation. 4. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal migration and irregular migrant. Referring to Resolution 1509 (2006) of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to a status or process, whereas ‘irregular’ is preferred when referring to a person. irregular migrant BG незаконен мигрант CS nelegální migrant DE irregulärer Migrant EL παράνομος μετανάστης ES inmigrante en situación irregular ET ebaseaduslik sisserändaja FI laittomasti maassa oleskeleva henkilö FR migrant en séjour irrégulier GA imirceach neamhrialta HU irreguláris migráns IT migrante irregolare LT neteisėtas migrantas LV nelikumīgs migrants MT Migrant(a) irregolari NL illegaal verblijvende migrant PL migrant nieregularny PT imigrante irregular RO migrant ilegal SK nelegálny migrant / migrant bez platného povolenia na pobyt SL ilegaln migrant / nezakonit priseljenec SV irreguljär migrant NO irregulær migrant Definition In the global context, a person who, owing to irregular entry, breach of a condition of entry or the expiry of their legal basis for entering and residing, lacks legal status in a transit or host country. In the EU context, a third-country national present on the territory of a Schengen State who does not fulfil, or no longer fulfils, the conditions of entry as set out in the Schengen Borders Code, or other conditions for entry, stay or residence in that Member State. I 173 Broader term ★★ migration Narrower terms ★★ irregular entry ★★ irregular stay ★★ secondary movement of migrants Related term ★★ irregular migrant Notes 1. There is no universally accepted definition of irregular migration. From the perspective of destination countries it is entry, stay or work in a country without the necessary authorisation or documents required under immigration regulations. From the perspective of the sending country, the irregularity is, for example, seen in cases in which a person crosses an international boundary without a valid passport or travel document or does not fulfil the administrative requirements for leaving the country. There is, however, a tendency to restrict the use of the term to cases of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons. 2. Defining irregular migration has been the subject of considerable debate. Terms such as illegal, undocumented, non-documented, and unauthorised migration can have different connotations in national policy debates. Due to this and the assocation with criminality the term ‘illegal migration’ should be avoided, as most irregular migrants are not criminals. Being in a country without the required papers is, in most countries, not a criminal offence but an administrative infringement. 3. While the UN use the term ‘irregular’ or ‘undocumented’ migration, the European Commission favoured for a long time the term ‘illegal immigration’, but more recently refers to ‘irregular migration’ as well. 4. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal migration and irregular migrant. Referring to Resolution 1509 (2006) of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to a status or process, whereas ‘irregular’ is preferred when referring to a person. irregular migration BG незаконна миграция CS nelegální migrace DE irreguläre Migration EL ES inmigración irregular ET ebaseaduslik ränne FI sääntöjen vastainen maahanmuutto FR migration irrégulière GA imirce aimhrialta HU irreguláris migráció IT migrazione irregolare LT neteisėta migracija LV nelikumīga migrācija MT Migrazzjoni irregolari NL irreguliere migratie (not currently used; more common is „illegale migratie”) PL migracja nieregularna PT migração irregula RO migraţie ilegală SK nelegálna migrácia SL ilegana migracija / neregulirana migracija / nedovoljena migracija SV irreguljär migration NO irregulær migrasjon Definition Movement of persons to a new place of residence or transit that takes place outside the regulatory norms of the sending, transit and receiving countries. Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 and DG Home e-Library Glossary Synonyms ★★ clandestine migration ★★ illegal immigration ★★ illegal migration ★★ unauthorised migration ★★ undocumented migration A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 174 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The presence on the territory of a Member State, of a third-country national who does not fulfil, or no longer fulfils the conditions of entry as set out in Art. 5 of the Schengen Borders Code or  other conditions for entry, stay or residence in that Member State. Source Art. 3 (2) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonym ★★ illegal stay Broader term ★★ irregular migration Related terms ★★ irregular entry ★★ overstay(er) ★★ third-country national found to be illegally present Note The European Commission favours nowadays the term ‘irregular stay’ (e.g. see: DG HOME e-Library Glossary) instead of ‘illegal stay’ which was the term used in the Directive 2008/115/EU (Return Directive). irregular stay BG незаконно пребиваване CS neoprávněný pobyt DE irregulärer Aufenthalt EL παράνομη διαμονή ES estancia irregular ET ebaseaduslik (riigis) viibimine FI laiton oleskelu FR séjour irrégulier GA cuairt aimhrialta HU szabálytalan tartózkodás IT soggiorno irregolare LT neteisėtas buvimas LV nelikumīga uzturēšanās MT Qagħda / Waqfa / Żjara irregolari NL illegaal verblijf PL nieregularny pobyt PT permanência irregula RO ședere ilegală SK neoprávnený pobyt (national law) / nelegálny pobyt SL ilegalno prebivanje / nedovoljeno prebivanje SV olaglig vistelse NO irregulært opphold (b) / irregulært opphald (n) Definition The determination of a person’s nationality on the basis of the nationality of their parents (or one parent or one particular parent) at the time of the target person’s birth and at the time of acquisition of nationality by the target person (the two points in time are different in cases of acquisition after birth). Source EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality Synonym ★★ jus sanguinis Related terms ★★ acquisition of citizenship ★★ ius soli ius sanguinis BG no translation CS ius sanguinis DE Abstammungsprinzip / Ius sanguinis EL αρχή του αίματος; ius sanguinis ES ius sanguinis ET vereõigus FI periytymisperiaate FR droit du sang GA ius sanguinis HU ius sanguinis (vér szerinti leszármazás elve) IT ius sanguinis LT kraujo teisė LV Ius sanguinis MT Ius sanguinis NL ius sanguinis / jus sanguinis PL prawo krwi PT ius sanguinis RO ius sanguinis / legea sângelui SK právo krvi / ius sanguinis SL jus sanguinis SV no usual translation NO jus sanguinis / nedstammingsprinsippet I 175 Definition The principle that the nationality of a person is determined on the basis of their country of birth. Source EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality Synonym ★★ jus soli Related terms ★★ acquisition of citizenship ★★ ius sanguinis ius soli BG no translation CS ius soli DE Territorialprinzip / Ius soli / Geburtslandprinzip EL αρχή του εδάφους; ius soli ES ius soli ET sünnikohaõigus FI syntymäperiaate FR droit du sol GA ius soli HU ius soli (területi elv) IT ius soli LT žemės teisė LV Ius soli MT Ius soli NL jus soli / territorialprinsippet PL prawo ziemi PT ius soli RO ius soli/ legea locului SK právo zeme / ius soli SL jus soli SV no usual translation NO jus soli / territorialprinsippet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 176 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Mechanism that aims to ensure that migrant workers are only admitted after employers have unsuccessfully searched for national workers, EU citizens (in EU Member States this also means EEA workers) or legally residing third-country nationals with access to the labour market according to national legislation. Source Derived by EMN from Oxford Migration Observatory response to Call for Evidence Synonym ★★ LMT Broader term ★★ union preference Notes 1. The labour market test (LMT) is implemented and applied widely in most Member States. Where the LMT is applied, some categories of workers can be exempt, reflecting the specific national situations and priorities. 2. Member States apply different methodologies in undertaking LMTs. In general, a considerable role is left to employers and public employment services. Duration of the verification process varies among Member States. 3. For further information, see EMN: Satisfying labour demand through migration, June 2011. labour market test BG тест на пазара на труда CS test trhu práce DE Arbeitsmarkttest EL ES Catálogo de ocupaciones de difícil cobertura ET tööturu test FI työvoiman saatavuusharkinta FR examen du marché de l’emploi / du travail GA tástáil sa mhargadh fostaíochta HU munkaerőpiaci felmérés IT analisi del mercato del lavoro LT darbo rinkos testas LV darba tirgus tests MT Test dwar is-suq tax-xogħol NL arbeidsmarkttoets PL test rynku pracy PT RO testarea pieţei forţei de muncă SK skúmanie situácie na trhu práce SL pregled trga dela SV arbetsmarknadsprövning NO arbeidsmarkedsvurdering (b) / arbeidsmarknadsvurdering (n) L 177 Definition Movement of persons from one state to another, or within their own country of residence, for the purpose of employment. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 Broader term ★★ economic migration Narrower terms ★★ immigration quota ★★ labour market test Related term ★★ migrant worker Note Labour migration is addressed by most States in their migration laws. In addition, some States take an active role in regulating outward labour migration and seeking opportunities for their nationals abroad. labour migration BG трудова миграция CS pracovní migrace DE Arbeitsmigration EL οικονομική μετανάστευση; μετανάστευση για εργασία ES migración laboral ET tööränne FI työvoiman muuttoliike, työperusteinen maahanmuutto FR migration de travail / migration de main-d’oeuvre GA imirce lucht oibre HU munkavállalási célú migráció IT migrazione per motivi di lavoro LT darbo migracija LV darbaspēka migrācija MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ta’ xogħol NL arbeidsmigratie PL migracja pracownicza PT migração laboral RO migraţie în scop de muncă SK pracovná migrácia SL delovna migracija SV arbetskraftsmigration NO arbeidsmigrasjon In the Schengen context, and for a stay not exceeding three months per six-month period, the entry of a third-country national into a Schengen Member State in compliance with Art. 5 of the Schengen Borders Code. Source Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘entry’ in IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 and the definition of ‘illegal entry’ in the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols Schengen context: Derived by EMN from Art. 5 of Council Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) Narrower term ★★ admission onto the territory Related terms ★★ border control ★★ external EU border ★★ internal EU border ★★ irregular entry ★★ refusal of entry ★★ Schengen Borders Code legal entry BG законно влизане CS oprávněný vstup DE legale Einreise EL νόμιμη είσοδος ES entrada legal ET seaduslik (riiki) sisenemine FI laillinen maahantulo FR entrée légale GA iontráil dhleathach HU legális beutazás / belépés IT ingresso autorizzato LT teisėtas atvykimas LV likumīga ieceļošana MT Dħul legali NL legale binnenkomst PL legalny wjazd PT legalne przekroczenie granicy, RO intrare legală SK oprávnený vstup (national law) / legálny vstup SL zakonit vstop SV laglig inresa NO lovlig innreise (b) / lovleg innreise (n) Definition In the global context, the entry of an alien into a foreign country in compliance with the necessary requirements for legal entry into the receiving State. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 178 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Migration in accordance with the applicable legal framework. Source Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ regular migration Broader term ★★ migration Related term ★★ irregular migration Note DG HOME e-Library Glossary defines the term as follows: Migration that occurs through recognised, authorised channels (based on IOM). legal migration BG законна миграция CS legální migrace DE legale Migration EL ES inmigración legal ET seaduslik ränne FI laillinen maahanmuutto FR migration légale GA imirce dhleathach HU legális migráció IT migrazione autorizzata LT teisėta migracija LV legāla migrācija MT Migrazzjoni legali NL legale migratie PL legalna migracja PT migração legal RO migraţie legală SK legálna migrácia SL zakonita migracija SV laglig migration NO lovlig migrasjon) (b) / lovleg migrasjon (n) L 179 Definition An international agreement – initially known as the Reform Treaty – which amends the two treaties that form the constitutional basis of the European Union and which aims to enhance the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the European Union and to improve the coherence of its actions. Source Derived by EMN from Website on the Lisbon Treaty Synonyms ★★ Reform Treaty ★★ Treaty of Lisbon Related term ★★ Common European Asylum System Notes 1. The Treaty of Lisbon was signed by the 27 Member States on 13 December 2007, and entered into force on 1 December 2009. It amends the Maastricht Treaty (1993), which is also known as the Treaty on European Union, and the Treaty of Rome (1952), which is also known as the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEEC). At Lisbon, the Treaty of Rome was renamed the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). 2. Prominent changes included the move from unanimity to qualified majority voting in at least 45 policy areas in the Council of Ministers, a change in calculating such a majority to a new double majority, a more powerful European Parliament forming a bicameral legislature alongside the Council of ministers under the ordinary legislative procedure, a consolidated legal personality for the EU, and the creation of a long-term President of the European Council and a High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Treaty also made the Union’s bill of rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, legally binding. 3. The Treaty of Lisbon broadened the competences of the EU in asylum issues. According to Art. 78 TFEU, a common policy on asylum is developed through the ordinary legislative procedure. There is no mentioning of minimum standards as before which sets the aim to convergence. The Article provides for the legal basis for the CEAS. For further information, see the entry for ‘Common European Asylum System’ in this EMN Glossary. 4. For more information see the Website of the Lisbon Treaty: http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html Lisbon Treaty BG Договорът от Лисабон CS Lisabonská smlouva DE Vertrag von Lissabon EL Η Συνθήκη της Λισαβόνας ES Tratado de Lisboa ET FI Lisbonin sopimus FR Traité de Lisbonne GA Conradh Liospóin HU Lisszaboni Szerződés IT Trattato di Lisbona LT Lisabonos sutartis LV Lisabonas līgums MT Trattat (It-) ta’ Lisbona NL Verdrag van Lissabon  PL Traktat Lizboński PT RO SK Lisabonská zmluva SL Lizbonska pogodba SV Lissabonfördraget NO Lisboa-traktaten A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 180 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The regular crossing of an external land border by border residents in order to stay in a border area, for example for social, cultural or substantiated economic reasons, or for family reasons, for a period not exceeding three months. Source Art. 3(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation) Related terms ★★ border area ★★ border resident ★★ frontier worker local border traffic BG местен граничен трафик CS malý pohraniční styk DE kleiner Grenzverkehr EL τοπική διασυνοριακή κυκλοφορία ES tráfico fronterizo local ET kohalik piiriliiklus FI paikallinen rajaliikenne FR trafic frontalier local GA trácht teorann áitiúil HU kishatárforgalom IT traffico frontaliero locale LT vietinis eismas per sieną LV vietējā pierobežas satiksme MT Traffiku lokali mal-fruntiera / mal-konfini NL klein grensverkeer PL mały ruch graniczny PT pequeno tráfego fronteiriço RO mic trafic de frontieră SK malý pohraničný styk (EU acquis) / prihraničná doprava (national law) SL lokalni obmejni promet SV lokal gränstrafik NO lokal grensetrafikk Definition A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least a year (12 months), so that the country of destination effectively becomes their new country of usual residence. Source OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Broader term ★★ migrant Related terms ★★ long-term migration ★★ short-term migrant long-term migrant BG дългосрочен мигрант CS dlouhodobý migrant DE langfristig aufhältiger Migrant, Langzeit-Migrant EL μετανάστης επί μακρόν διαμένων ES persona migrante de carácter permanente ET pikaajaline sisserändaja FI pitkään oleskellut maahanmuuttaja FR migrant de longue durée GA imirceach fadtéarmach HU huzamos tartózkodói jogállással rendelkező személy (not commonly used, ‘Letelepedett’ is used for persons who have the right to stay for an indefinite period) IT migrante di lungo termine LT ilgalaikis migrantas LV ilgtermiņa migrants MT Viża għal żjara / miġja / waqfa fit-tul NL langverblijvende migrant (syn.: langdurige migrant) PL migrant długookresowy PT migrante de longa duração RO migrant pe termen lung SK dlhodobý migrant SL migrant za daljše obdobje SV långtidsmigrant NO migrant med langvarig opphold (b) / migrant med langvarig opphald (n) L 181 Definition Movement of individuals who change their country of usual residence for a period of at least one year, so that the country of destination effectively becomes their new country of usual residence. Source Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration and OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Synonyms ★★ permanent-type migration ★★ permanent migration Broader term ★★ migration Related terms ★★ long-term migrant ★★ short-term migration ★★ temporary migration Note Long-term migration’ and ‘permanent migration’ are often understood as quasi-synonyms. The OECD defines permanent migration as ‘a concept relating to undertaking migration with a view to, or which results in, settling on a permanent basis in the country of destination. long-term migration BG дългосрочна миграция CS dlouhodobá migrace DE langfristige Migration / Langzeit-Migration EL μακροχρόνια μετανάστευση ES migración de larga duración ET pikaajaline sisseränne FI pitkäaikainen maahanmuutto FR migration de longue durée GA imirce fhadtéarmach HU huzamos idejű tartózkodási céllal történő migráció IT migrazione di lungo termine LT ilgalaikė migracija LV ilgtermiņa migrācija MT Migrant(a) fit-tul / għal żmien twil NL lange-termijnmigratie PL migracja długookresowa PT migração de longa duração RO migraţie pe termen lung SK dlhodobá migrácia SL migracija za daljše obdobje SV långtidsmigration NO langtidsmigrasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 182 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A third-country national who has long-term resident status as provided for under Arts. 4 to 7 of Council Directive 2003/109/EC or as provided for under national legislation. Source Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) Related term ★★ right of residence Notes 1. EU Member States must recognise long-term resident status after five years of uninterrupted legal residence. This is however dependent upon the person having a stable and regular source of income, health insurance and, when required by the EU Member State, having complied with integration measures. The applicant must also not constitute a threat to public security or public policy. 2. Directive 2011/51/EU of 11 May 2011 amended Directive 2003/109/EC to extend its scope of application to beneficiaries of international protection. 3. The UN Recommendations on Statistics on International Migration set one year of intended residence as the lower threshold. long-term resident BG дългосрочно пребиваващ CS dlouhodobě pobývající rezident DE langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter EL επί μακρών διαμένων ES residente de larga duración ET pikaajaline elanik FI pitkään oleskellut FR résident de longue durée GA cónaitheoir fadtéarmach HU huzamos tartózkodás jogával rendelkező személy IT residente di lungo termine LT ilgalaikis gyventojas LV pastāvīgais iedzīvotājs MT Migrazzjoni fit-tul NL langdurig ingezetene PL rezydent długoterminowy PT residente de longa duração RO rezident pe termen lung SK osoba s dlhodobým pobytom SL rezident za daljše obdobje SV varaktigt bosatt NO person med permanent oppholdtillatelse (b) / person med permanent opphaldsløyve (n) Definition The authorisation or decision issued by one of the Member States in accordance with its national law or Union law required for entry for an intended stay in that Member State of more than three months. Source Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Broader term ★★ visa Related terms ★★ airport transit visa ★★ short-stay visa ★★ transit visa long-stay visa BG виза за дългосрочно пребиваване CS dlouhodobé vízum DE Visum für den längerfristigen Aufenthalt, (EU acquis) / Langzeit-Visum EL θεώρηση για διαμονή μακράς διαρκείας ES visado para estancia de larga duración ET pikaajaline viisa FI pitkäaikainen viisumi FR visa de long séjour GA víosa fadchuairte HU hosszú távú tartózkodásra jogosító vízum IT visto per soggiorno di lunga durata LT ilgalaikė viza LV ilgtermiņa vīza MT Resident(a) fit-tul NL visum voor verblijf van langere duur PL wiza długoterminowa PT visto de longa duração RO viză de lungă şedere SK dlhodobé vízum SL vizum za dolgoročno bivanje SV visering för längre vistelse NO oppholdstillatelse (b) / opphaldsløyve (n) L 183 Definition Any mode of loss of the status as citizen of a country, voluntarily or involuntarily, automatically or by an act by the public authorities. Source EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality Synonym ★★ loss of nationality Broader term ★★ citizenship Note The main types of loss are renunciation, withdrawal and lapse of citizenship. loss of citizenship BG загуба на гражданство CS pozbytí státního občanství DE Verlust der Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft EL απώλεια ιθαγένειας ES pérdida de nacionalidad ET kodakondsuse kaotamine FI kansalaisuuden menettäminen FR perte de la citoyenneté GA cailleadh saoránachta HU állampolgárság elvesztése IT perdita di cittadinanza LT pilietybės netekimas LV pilsonības zaudēšana MT Telf ta’ ċittadinanza NL verlies van het staatsburgerschap PL utrata obywatelstwa PT perda de nacionalidade RO pierderea cetăţeniei SK strata štátneho občianstva SL izguba državljanstva SV förlust av medborgarskap NO tap av statsborgerskap (b) / tap av statsborgarskap (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 184 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An approach used by the EU and Member States to structure the management of all aspects of migration into and within the EU of both third-country nationals and EU nationals, particularly the entry, admission, residence, integration and return, as well as of refugees and others in need of protection. Source Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ migration management Related terms ★★ economic migrant ★★ economic migration ★★ forced migration ★★ quota managed migration BG управление на миграционните процеси CS řízená migrace DE gesteuerte Migration EL ελεγχόμενη μετανάστευση ES gestión integral de la migración ET juhitud ränne FI hallittu maahanmuutto FR gestion des migrations GA imirce bhainistithe HU migráció kezelés / migráció menedzsment (+ wellmanaged migration = megfelelően kezelt migráció) IT migrazione gestita LT valdoma migracija LV pārvaldīta migrācija MT Ġestjoni ta’ flussi migratorji NL gereguleerde migratie PL migracja zarządzana PT migração assistida / Gestão de Migrações RO migraţie controlată SK riadená migrácia SL upravljanje migracij / vodene migracije SV reglerad migration NO styrt migrasjon Definition A person who meets the criteria of the UNHCR Statute and qualifies for the protection of the UN provided by the High Commissioner for Refugees, regardless of whether or not they are in a country that is a party to the Geneva Convention of 1951, or whether or not they have been recognised by the host country as a refugee under either of these instruments. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Broader term ★★ refugee Related term ★★ Convention refugee mandate refugee BG бежанец по мандата на Върховния комисар на ООН за бежанците (ВКБООН) CS mandatorní uprchlík DE Mandatsflüchtling EL πρόσφυγας εντολής ES refugiado (bajo mandato) ET mandaadipagulane FI mandaattipakolainen FR réfugié relevant du mandat du HCR GA dídeanaí de réir sainordú HU mandátumos menekült IT rifugiato ex Mandato LT pabėgėlis pagal mandatą LV UNHCR mandāta bēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) b’digriet / b’mandat NL mandaatvluchteling PL uchodźca mandatowy PT refugiados (Mandato) RO refugiat sub mandat UNHCR SK mandátny utečenec SL mandatni begunec SV no translation NO overføringsflyktning M 185 Definition A marriage contracted for the sole purpose of enabling the person concerned to enter or reside in a Member State. Source Art. 16 (2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Related terms ★★ adoption of convenience ★★ civil partnership of convenience ★★ false declaration of parenthood ★★ partnership of convenience Note For further information, see EMN: Marriages of convenience and false declarations of parenthood, 2012. marriage of convenience BG фиктивен брак CS účelové manželství DE Scheinehe EL γάμος συμφέροντος ES matrimonio de complacencia ET fiktiivabielu / näiline abielu FI lumeavioliitto FR mariage de complaisance GA pósadh áisiúlachta HU érdekházasság IT matrimonio fittizio LT fiktyvi santuoka LV fiktīva laulība MT Żwieġ ta’ konvenjenza / għall-konvenjenza NL schijnhuwelijk PL małżeństwo zawarte w celu obejścia przepisów umożliwiających legalizację pobytu / małżeństwo fikcyjne PT casamento de conveniência RO căsătorie de convenienţă SK účelové manželstvo SL poroka iz koristoljubja SV skenäktenskap NO proformaekteskap Definition Arrival in the Community of a large number of displaced persons, who come from a specific country or geographical area, whether their arrival in the Community was spontaneous or aided, for example through an evacuation programme. Source Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive) Related term ★★ temporary protection mass influx BG масово навлизане CS hromadný příliv DE Massenzustrom EL μαζική εισορρή ES afluencia masiva ET massiline sisseränne FI joukoittainen maahantulo FR afflux massif GA mórphlódú isteach HU tömeges beáramlás IT afflusso massiccio LT antplūdis LV masveida pieplūdums MT Influss tal-massa / ta’ massa NL massale toestroom (syn.: massale instroom) PL masowy napływ PT afluxo maciço RO aflux masiv SK hromadný prílev SL množični priliv / množični prihod SV massiv tillströmning NO massetilstrømning (b) / massetilstrøyming (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 186 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The reception conditions that include housing, food and clothing provided in kind, or as financial allowances or in vouchers, or a combination of the three, and a daily expenses allowance. Source Art. 2(g) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) Broader term ★★ reception conditions Note For further information, see EMN: The Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013. material reception conditions BG материални условия за приемане CS materiální podmínky přijetí DE materielle Aufnahmebedingungen EL υλικές συνθήκες υποδοχής ES condiciones materiales de acogida ET materiaalsed varjupaigataotlejate vastuvõtutingimused FI aineelliset vastaanotto-olosuhteet FR conditions matérielles d’accueil GA dálaí ábhartha glactha HU a befogadás anyagi feltételei IT condizioni materiali di accoglienza LT materialinės priėmimo sąlygos LV materiālie uzņemšanas nosacījumi MT Kondizzjonijiet materjali tal-akkoljenza NL materiële opvangvoorzieningen PL materialne warunki przyjmowania PT condições materiais de acolhimento RO condiţii materiale de recepţie SK materiálne prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis) / materiálne podmienky prijímania (national law) SL materialni pogoji sprejema SV materiella mottagningsvillkor NO materielle mottaksforhold (b) / materielle mottakstilhøve (n) M 187 Definition In the global context, a person who is outside the territory of the State of which they are nationals or citizens and who has resided in a foreign country for more than one year irrespective of the causes, voluntary or involuntary, and the means, regular or irregular, used to migrate. In the EU context, a person who either: (i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another Member State or a third country; or (ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of a Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months. Source Global context: derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration and UNESCO EU context: Derived by EMN from Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database and the UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration Narrower terms ★★ economic migrant ★★ emigrant ★★ forced migrant ★★ immigrant ★★ short-term migrant ★★ long-term migrant Related term ★★ migration Notes 1. At the international level, no universally accepted definition for ‘migrant’ exists. 2. Under the UN definition, those travelling for shorter periods as tourists and business persons would not be considered migrants. However, common usage includes certain kinds of short-term migrants, such as seasonal workers. 3. The term ‘migrant’ was usually understood to cover all cases where the decision to migrate was taken freely by the individual concerned for reasons of ‘personal convenience’ and without intervention of an external compelling factor; it therefore applied to persons, and family members, moving to another country or region to better their material or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family. migrant BG мигрант CS migrant DE Migrant EL μετανάστης ES persona migrante ET sisserändaja FI maahanmuuttaja / siirtolainen FR migrant GA imirceach HU migráns IT migrante LT migrantas LV migrants MT Migrant(a) NL migrant PL migrant PT migrante RO migrant SK migrant SL migrant SV migrant NO migrant A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 188 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The number of migrants in a given area on a certain date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year in question. Source Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Working Papers and Studies (3/2003/E/no25) Synonyms ★★ immigrant population ★★ stock of migrants Broader terms ★★ population stock ★★ stock of foreigners Related term ★★ foreign population of a country migrant stock BG брой на мигрантите CS počet imigrantů - stav k DE Anzahl der Einwanderer EL ES población inmigrante ET sisserännanute arv kindlal territooriumil, teatud aja seisuga FI maahanmuuttajaväestön määrä FR stock de migrants GA lion na n-imirceach HU bevándorlók aránya IT stock di migranti LT migrantų skaičius LV migrantu skaits (1.janvārī) MT Rendikont tal-migranti NL migrant stock (no usual translation) PL populacja migrantów w danym momencie PT RO stoc de migranţi SK počet migrantov / stav migrantov SL število priseljenecev / „zaloga“ migrantov SV migrantstock NO antall registrert bosatte innvandrere (b) / tal på registrert busette innvandrarar (n) M 189 Definition A person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which they are not nationals. Source UN Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families Synonyms ★★ foreign worker ★★ labour migrant Broader term ★★ economic migrant Narrower terms ★★ contract migrant worker ★★ highly qualified migrant Related terms ★★ guest worker ★★ labour migration Notes 1. OECD defines a migrant worker as ‘a foreigner admitted by the receiving state for the specific purpose of exercising an economic activity remunerated from within the receiving country. Their length of stay is usually restricted as is the type of employment they can hold’. 2. For the purpose of the EMN the UN definition is prefered as it is more common in literature and more comprehensive since it specifically includes those migrant workers who may currently be out of work, but had been working earlier. The Convention also includes self-employed workers. migrant worker BG работник мигрант CS migrant - zaměstnanec DE Arbeitsmigrant / Wanderarbeiter / Wanderarbeitnehmer EL εργαζόμενος μετανάστης ES trabajador migrante ET võõrtöötaja FI siirtotyöläinen / vierastyöläinen FR travailleur migrant GA oibrí imirceach HU migráns munkavállaló IT lavoratore migrante LT migrantas darbuotojas LV darba ņēmējs migrants MT Migrant(a) ħaddiem(a) NL arbeidsmigrant (syn.: buitenlandse werknemer) PL pracownik migrujący PT trabalhador migrante RO lucrător / muncitor migrant SK migrujúci pracovník / pracovný migrant SL delavec migrant SV migrantarbetare NO arbeidsmigrant A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 190 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Source Global context: derived by EMN from UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration and IOM GLossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 EU context: Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration and OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Narrower terms ★★ economic migration ★★ emigration ★★ forced migration ★★ immigration ★★ irregular migration ★★ legal migration ★★ long-term migration ★★ short-term migration Related terms ★★ displacement ★★ migrant Notes 1. At the international level, no universally accepted definition for migration exists. 2. IOM defines migration as follows: ‘movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border (international migration), or within a state (internal migration), encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes’. This broad definition covers all forms of migration (voluntrary / forced migration, internal / international migration, long-term / short-term migration), different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation or a combination of these reasons or migration in search of better economic conditions or conditions of survival or well-being, or other motives such as familiy reunfication) and irrespective of the means used to migrate (legal / irregular migration). Thus it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification. 3. Under the UN, the definition ‘movements for shorter periods’ would not be considered migration. migration BG миграция CS migrace DE Migration EL μετανάστευση ES migración ET ränne FI muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus FR migration GA imirce HU migráció IT migrazione LT migracija LV migrācija MT Migrazzjoni NL migratie PL migracja PT migração RO migraţie SK migrácia SL migracija SV migration NO migrasjon Definition In the global context, movement of a person either across an international border (international migration), or within a state (internal migration) for more than one year irrespective of the causes, voluntary or involuntary, and the means, regular or irregular, used to migrate. In the EU context, the action by which a person either: (i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another Member State or a third country; or (ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of a Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months. M 191 Definition An initiative forming part of the South-East European Cooperation Process, which aims to enhance regional cooperation in the field of migration by promoting a comprehensive, integrated, and coherent approach to the issues of migration, asylum, border management, visa policies and consular cooperation, refugee return and settlement in order to meet international and European standards. Source Website of MARRI Synonym ★★ MARRI Related term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. MARRI was formed in 2003 within the context of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe by merging the Regional Return Initiative (RRI) and the Migration and Asylum Initiative (MAI). Since 2004, MARRI has functioned through two mechanisms: the MARRI Regional Forum, which provides political and framework support to the Initiative, and the MARRI Regional Centre in Skopje, which carries out practical cooperation and activities of MARRI and supports the implementation of the decisions reached by the Regional Forum. 2. MARRI’s top priority is the enhancement of regional cooperation in its fields of activities among countries in the regio, as a vital part of the EU integration process and in line with the Thessaloniki Agenda for the Western Balkans. 3. For more information, see the website of MARRI: http://www.marri-rc.org/Default.aspx?mid=1&Lan=EN Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative BG Регионална инициатива по миграция, убежище и бежанци CS Regionální iniciativa pro migraci, azyl a uprchlíky DE Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und Flüchtlingsinitiative EL Περιφερειακή Πρωτοβουλία για τη Μετανάστευση, το Άσυλο και τους Πρόσφυγες ES iniciativa regional para la migración, el asilo y los refugiados ET rände, varjupaiga ja pagulaste regionaalne meede (no usual translation) FI maahanmuuttoa, turvapaikkaa ja pakolaisia koskeva alueellinen aloite FR Initiative régionale en matière de migration, d’asile et de retour des réfugiés GA Tionscnamh Réigiúnach um Imirce, Tearmann & Dídeanaithe HU Migráció és Menekültügyi Regionális Kezdeményezés IT Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati LT Migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių regioninė iniciatyva LV Migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu reģionālā iniciatīva MT Inizzjattiva Reġjonali dwar il-Migrazzjoni, l-Ażil, u r-Rifuġjati NL Regionaal Migratie-, Asiel- en Vluchtelingeninitiatief PL Regionalna Inicjatywa w sprawach Migracji, Azylu i Uchodźstwa PT iniciativa regional sobre migração, asilo e refugiados RO Iniţiativa regională cu privire la migraţaie, azil şi refugiaţi SK Regionálna iniciatíva pre migráciu, azyl a utečencov SL Regionalna pobuda za migracije, azil in begunce SV Regionala initiativet för migration, asyl och flyktingar NO regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktninger for VestBalkan (b) / regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktningar for Vest-Balkan (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 192 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The number of migrants crossing a boundary, within a specific time period, for the purpose of establishing residence. Source Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ migratory flow Related terms ★★ crude rate of net migration ★★ mixed migration flow ★★ net migration ★★ population stock ★★ total migration Notes 1. The boundary can range from within national borders, within the EU and international boundaries, and can range from international migration flows (crossing national borders) and internal migration flows (within the same national border). 2. UN statistics in particular also refer to ‘inflows’ (flow of migrants entering into a particular boundary) and ‘outflows’ (flow of migrants leaving a particular boundary). migration flow BG миграционен поток CS migrační tok DE Wanderungsbewegung / Migrationsbewegung EL μεταναστευτική ροή ES flujo migratorio ET rändevoog FI muuttovirta FR flux migratoire GA sreabhadh imirce HU migrációs áramlat IT flusso migratorio LT migracijos srautas LV migrācijas plūsma MT Nixxiegħa migratorja NL migratiestroom PL strumień migracyjny PT fluxo migratório RO flux de migraţie SK migračný tok SL migracijski tok SV migrationsströmmar NO migrasjonsstrøm (b) / migrasjonsstraum (n) M 193 Definition A tool to bring together and analyse all the relevant information needed to develop policy in the field of migration and development and to monitor the impact of policies implemented. Source Annex I, 2 (glossary) to COM(2007) 247 final Broader term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Related terms ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development ★★ mobility partnership Notes 1. Migration profiles are reports on the migration situation of a country for the purpose of increasing the evidence-base for their own policy development. Such reports contain data and analysis on current migration patterns, labour market trends, remittance flows, information on diasporas and other development-related data. 2. Migration profiles have been produced by IOM and by CARIM (Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration) amongst other organisations. For more information see the description of migration profiles on the IOM website. 3. The Global Forum on Migration and Development also hosts a repository of migration profiles: http://www.gfmd.org/pfp/poli- cy-tools/migration-profiles/repository 4. Migration profiles entail an analysis of the policy and practice of a state and not that of a person. In this vein, the concept should not be confused with the profiling of a ‘person’. migration profile BG миграционен профил CS migrační profil DE Migrationsprofil EL μεταναστευτικό προφίλ ES perfil migratorio ET rändeprofiil FI muuttoprofiili FR profil migratoire GA próifíl imirce HU migrációs profil IT profilo migratorio LT migracijos profilis LV migrācijas profils MT Profil migratorju NL migratieprofiel PL profil migracyjny PT perfil migratório / profiling RO profil de migraţie SK migračný profil SL migracijski profil SV migrationsprofil NO migrasjonsprofil A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 194 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An initiative by which work along the main migratory routes through a particular region and towards the EU is identified and which takes into account the need to work in close collaboration with the third countries along these routes. Source Annex I, 2 (glossary) to Communication applying the Global Approach to Migration, COM(2007) 247 final Broader term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Related terms ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development ★★ migration profile ★★ mobility partnership migration routes initiative BG Инициатива за миграционни маршрути CS Iniciativa migračních tras DE Migrationsrouten-Initiative EL πρωτοβουλία μεταναστευτικών οδών ES iniciativa de rutas migratorias ET rändeteede meede FI muuttoreittejä koskeva aloite FR initiative relative aux routes migratoires GA Tionscnamh um Bhealaí Imirce HU migrációs útvonalak kezdeményezés IT Iniziativa «Rotte migratorie» LT Migracijos maršrutų iniciatyva LV Migrācijas ceļu iniciatīva MT Inizzjattiva fir-rigward tar-rotot migratorji NL migratie-routes initiatief PL Inicjatywa ds. Szlaków Migracyjnych PT Iniciativa sobre rotas migratórias RO iniţiativa cu privire la rutele de migraţie SK iniciatíva migračných trás SL Pobuda glede migracijskih poti SV Migration Routes Initiative NO initiativ i tilknytning til migrasjonsruter (b) / initiativ i tilknyting til migrasjonsruter (n) Definition In an asylum context, a number of principles in relation to procedures for international protection, to reception conditions, and to the refugee definition established by the Treaty of Amsterdam from which EU Member States cannot derogate. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 63 of the Treaty of Amsterdam Related term ★★ Common European Asylum System Note In the Tampere Agreement, and then reaffirmed by the Hague Programme, Member States agreed to go beyond minimum standards and develop a Common European Asylum System (CEAS) based on a common asylum procedure and a uniform status for those who are granted international protection. minimum standards BG минимални стандарти CS minimální normy DE Minimumstandards EL ES normas mínimas ET miinimumnõuded FI vähimmäisvaatimukset FR normes minimales GA íoschaighdeáin HU minimumszabályok IT norme minime LT būtiniausi reikalavimai LV minimālie standarti MT Livelli standard minimi NL minimumnormen PL minimalne standardy PT RO standarde minime SK minimálne pravidlá / minimálne štandardy SL minimalni standardi SV miniminormer NO minimumsstandard M 195 Definition In a legal context and in contrast to a child, a person who, according to the law of their respective country, is under the age of majority, i.e. is not yet entitled to exercise specific civil and political rights. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Related terms ★★ adult ★★ age assessment ★★ child Notes 1. This is the preferred term to use when referring to an individual. The term ‘child’ should then be used to describe the relationship with other family members. 2. The age specified by law, called the ‘legal age of majority’, indicates that a person acquires full legal capacity to be bound by various documents, such as contracts and deeds, that they make with others and to commit other legal acts such as voting in elections and entering marriage. The age at which a person becomes an adult varies from State to State and often varies within a State, depending upon the nature of the action taken by the person. minor BG непълнолетно лице CS nezletilý DE Minderjähriger EL ανήλικος ES menor ET alaealine FI alaikäinen FR mineur GA mionaoiseach HU kiskorú IT minorenne LT nepilnametis LV nepilngadīgais MT Minorenni NL minderjarige PL małoletni PT menor RO minor SK maloletý SL mladoletnik SV underårig NO mindreårig A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 196 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A non-dominant group which is usually numerically less than the majority population of a State or region regarding their ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics and who (if only implicitly) maintain solidarity with their own culture, traditions, religion or language. Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 Narrower terms ★★ ethnic minority ★★ national minority Related terms ★★ ethnicity ★★ ethnic nationality Notes 1. There is still no universally accepted definition of minority in international law, although a variety of international documents have attempted to define the concept of a minority. See, for example, Art. 27 of the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 2. This definition has been added because of its relevance to international protection and integration-related aspects. minority BG малцинство CS menšina DE Minderheit EL ES minoría ET vähemus FI vähemmistö FR minorité GA mionlach HU kissebbség IT minoranza LT mažuma LV minoritāte MT Minoranza / F’minoranza NL minderheid PL mniejszość PT Minoria RO minoritate SK menšina SL manjšina SV minoritet NO minoritet Definition Complex migratory population movement including refugees, asylum-seekers, economic migrants and other types of migrants as opposed to migratory population movements that consist entirely of one category of migrants. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 Related term ★★ migration flow mixed migration flow BG смесен миграционен поток CS smíšený migrační tok DE gemischte Wanderungs-/ Migrationsbewegung EL ES flujo migratorio mixto ET segarändevoog (no usual translation) FI erilaisista ryhmistä koostuva muuttovirta FR flux migratoire mixte GA sreabhadh imirce measctha HU vegyes migrációs áramlás IT flusso migratorio misto LT mišrūs migracijos srautai LV jauktas migrācijas plūsma MT Fluss migratorju mħallat // Nixxiegħa migratorja mħallta NL gemengde migratiestroom PL mieszane przepływy migracyjne PT RO flux de migraţie mixtă SK zmiešané migračné toky SL mešani migracijski tok SV blandade migrationsströmmar NO blandet migrasjonsstrøm (b) / blanda migrasjonsstraum (n) M 197 Definition A cooperation arrangement, on the basis of political declarations, that provides the bilateral framework for dialogue and practical cooperation to address relevant migration and mobility issues of mutual concern primarily with EU neighbourhood countries, including short and long-term mobility, on a voluntary basis. Source Council Conclusions (No 42) on the Global Approach of Migration and Mobility of 29 May 2012 Synonym ★★ MP Related terms ★★ circular migration ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility ★★ migration profile ★★ readmission agreement Notes 1. Mobility partnerships (MPs) are an important tool of the EU’s Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, providing the overall framework for managing various forms of legal movement between the EU and third countries. Such partnerships are agreed with those third countries that have in place effective mechanisms for readmission of irregular migrants. 2. For further information on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility and on mobility partnerships, see the website of DG HOME: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/ policies/international-affairs/global-approach-to-migration/ index_en.htm mobility partnership BG Партньорство за мобилност CS partnerství pro mobilitu DE Mobilitätspartnerschaft EL σύμπραξη κινητικότητας ES asociación de movilidad ET rändepartnerlus FI liikkuvuuskumppanuus FR partenariat pour la mobilité GA comhpháirtíocht soghluaisteachta HU mobilitási partnerség IT partenariato per la mobilità LT judumo partnerystė LV mobilitātes partnerība MT Multikulturaliżmu NL mobiliteitspartnerschappen PL Partnerstwo na rzecz Mobilności PT parcerias para a mobilidade RO parteneriat de mobilitate SK partnerstvo v oblasti mobility / mobilitné partnerstvo SL partnerstvo za mobilnost SV partnerskap för rörlighet NO mobilitetspartnerskap (b) / mobilitetspartnarskap (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 198 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A policy that endorses the principle of cultural diversity and supports the right of different cultural and ethnic groups to retain distinctive cultural identities ensuring their equitable access to society, encompassing constitutional principles and commonly shared values prevailing in the society. Source Derived by EMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary (no longer available online) Synonym ★★ interculturalism Related term ★★ cultural diversity Notes 1. The term was first used in 1957 to describe CH, but came into common currency in Canada in the late 1960s. It quickly spread to other English-speaking countries. 2. There is no universally accepted definition of which multiculturalism can refer to different concepts: demographic facts, philosophical or polictical ideas and values. 3. Multiculturalism emphasises cultural differences and different cultures existing next to each other without necessarily much contact or participative interaction. 4. The model of multiculturalism has often been criticised on different grounds. Criticis of multiculturalism question the ideal of the maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a state; others argue that policies of multiculturalism have failed to create inclusion of different cultures within society, but instead have divided society by legitimising segregated separate communities that have isolated themselves and accentuated their specificity. multiculturalism BG мултикултурализъм CS multikulturalismus DE Multikulturalismus EL ES multiculturalismo ET multikultuursus FI monikulttuurisuus FR multiculturalisme GA ilchultúrthacht HU multikulturalizmus IT multiculturalismo LT multikultūriškumas LV multikulturālisms MT Sħubija għall-Mobbilità NL multiculturalisme PL wielokulturowość PT RO multiculturalism SK multikulturalizmus SL multikulturalizem SV multikulturalism NO multikulturalisme M 199 Definition A mechanism for the mutual exchange of information concerning national measures in the areas of asylum and immigration that are likely to have a significant impact on several Member States or on the European Union as a whole. Source Art. 1 of Council Decision 2006/688/EC (Mutual Information Mechanism Decision) Synonyms ★★ MIM ★★ mutual information mechanism concerning Member States’ measures in the area of asylum and immigration Related term ★★ Information and Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration Management Services Note The mechanism also allows for the preparation of exchanges of views and debates on such measures. mutual information mechanism BG Механизъм за взаимно информиране CS Mechanismus vzájemné výměny informací DE Mechanismus zur gegenseitigen Information über asyl- und einwanderungspolitische Maßnahmen der Mitgliedstaaten EL μηχανισμός αμοιβαίας πληροφόρησης ES Mecanismo de Información Mutua ET vastastikuse teabesüsteemi FI keskinäinen tiedottamisjärjestelmä FR mécanisme d’information mutuelle GA Sásra um Fhaisnéis Fhrithpháirteach HU kölcsönös tájékoztatási mechanizmus IT Meccanismo di Informazione Reciproca LT Tarpusavio keitimosi informacija mechanizmas LV savstarpējās informācijas apmaiņas mehānisms MT Mekkaniżmu għal Informazzjoni Reċiproka NL Wederzijds Informatiemechanisme PL Mechanizm Wymiany Informacji PT Mecanismo de Informação Mútua RO mecanismul de informare mutuală SK mechanizmus vzájomnej výmeny informácií SL Medsebojni informacijski sistem SV system för ömsesidigt informationsutbyte NO Ordning for gjensidig informasjonsutveksling A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 200 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Agreements on the recognition of foreign qualifications negotiated by governments and professional organisations in several countries by setting out clear rules for licensing or certifying migrant professionals who move between signatory countries in order to reduce, or even eliminate, the need for case-by-case assessments when applicants have been trained in systems conferring essentially comparable skills and knowledge. Source Migration Policy Institute: Skilled Immigrants in The Global Economy: Prospects for International Cooperation on Recognition of Foreign Qualifications, 2013 Synonym ★★ MRA Related term ★★ highly qualified migrant Notes 1. MRAs can lessen barriers migrant professionals face when transferring their skills and experience across borders and help governments to recognise professional qualifications from other jurisdictions. They come in several different forms with major variations in the scope of the agreement and the benefits they provide to the applicant (automatic, partial or limited-scope recognition, temporary access). 2. The furthest-reaching and most comprehensive system is the EU’s system outlined in Council Directive 2005/36/EC (Professional Qualification Directive) which covers all regulated occupations in all EU Member States and reduces regulatory authorities’ discretion to reject applicants that fall under its purview. mutual recognition agreement BG споразумение за взаимно признаване CS smlouva o uznávání rovnocennosti dokladů (o vzdělání) DE gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung EL ES acuerdo de reconocimiento mutuo ET vastastikuse tunnustamise leping FI sopimus vastavuoroisesta tunnustamisesta FR accord de reconnaissance mutuelle GA comhaontú maidir le haitheantas frithpháirteach HU kölcsönös elismerési megállapodás IT accordo di reciproco riconoscimento LT susitarimas dėl abipusio pripažinimo LV savstarpējas atzīšanas līgums MT Ftehim għar-rikonoxximent reċiproku NL overeenkomst inzake wederzijdse erkenning PL umowa o wzajemnym uznaniu kwalifikacji PT RO acord de recunoaştere mutuală SK dohoda o vzájomnom uznávaní rovnocennosti dokladov o vzdelaní SL sporazum o vzajemnem priznavanju SV avtal för ömsesidigt erkännande av kvalifikationer NO avtale om gjensidig godkjenning NM 201 Definition A network of authorities responsible for integration issues which serves to facilitate exchange of information and good practice at EU level with the purpose of finding successful solutions for integration of immigrants in all Member States and to ensure policy coordination and coherence at national level and with EU initiatives. Source European Website on Integration Synonym ★★ NCPI Broader term ★★ integration Narrower term ★★ Handbook on Integration Related terms ★★ Common Basic Principles ★★ European Migration Network Notes 1. The network was created by the European Commission following the conclusions of the Council of Justice and Home Affairs (JAI) of October 2002. 2. The National Contact Points on Integration consider inter alia employment, education, language, health, housing, culture and participation. The network’s long-term objective is to develop and reinforce the European framework for integration, in order to define basic common principles and objectives, to determine assessment measures, and to reinforce the coordination of national and European integration policies. 3. One output which the National Contact Points on Integration are very much involved in are the Handbooks on Integration. For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/UDRW/images/ items/docl_1214_371021031.pdf National Contact Points on Integration BG Национални точки за контакт по интеграция CS národní kontaktní body na integraci DE Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration EL Εθνικά Σημεία Επαφής για την Ένταξη ES puntos de contacto nacional de integración ET integratsiooni riiklikud kontaktpunktid FI kotouttamisasioiden kansalliset yhteyspisteet FR Points de contact nationaux en matière d’intégration GA Pointí Teagmhála Náisiúnta le haghaidh Imeascadh HU nemzeti integrációs kapcsolattartó pontok IT Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione LT Nacionalinis integracijos informacijos centras LV nacionālie integrācijas kontaktpunkti MT Punti ta’ Kuntatt Nazzjonali fuq l-Integrazzjoni NL nationale contactpunten voor integratie PL Krajowe punkty kontaktowe ds. Integracji PT Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração RO punctele naţionale de contact pentru integrare SK národné kontaktné body pre integráciu SL Nacionalne kontaktne točke za integracijo SV nationella kontaktpunkter på integrationsområdet NO nasjonale kontaktpunkter på integreringsfeltet (b) / nasjonale kontaktpunkt på integreringsfeltet (n) N A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 202 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Mechanism aimed at identifying, protecting and assisting victims of trafficking in human beings, through referral, and involving relevant public authorities and civil society. Source Derived by EMN from the Conclusions on the new EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012- 2016 of the 3195th Justice and Home Affairs Council meeting, October 2012 Synonyms ★★ national cooperation mechanism ★★ NRM Related terms ★★ national rapporteur or equivalent mechanism ★★ trafficking in human beings Notes 1. This definition was derived for the purpose of EMN: Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and forced return procedures with the support of the Office of the Anti-Trafficking Coordinator. 2. The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) defines an NRM as ‘a cooperative framework at national level by which state actors coordinate their efforts in a strategic partnership with civil society to identify, protect and assist victims of trafficking in human beings to ensure that the human rights of trafficked persons are respected and to provide an effective way to refer victims of trafficking to services’. For more information, see OSCE: National referral mechanism: joining efforts to protect the rights of trafficked persons, 2004. 3. The National Rapporteurs or Equivalent Mechanisms (NREMs) are responsible for monitoring the implementation of anti-trafficking policy at the national level and play a key role in data collection on trafficking in human beings at national and EU level. national referral mechanism BG национален механизъм за насочване CS národní referenční mechanismus DE nationaler Überweisungsmechanismus EL ES Mecanismo nacional de derivación ET nõustamisele suunamise riiklik mehhanism FI kansallinen ohjautumisjärjestelmä FR mécanisme national d’orientation GA meicníocht náisiúnta atreorúcháin HU nemzeti áldozatirányítási rendszer IT meccanismo nazionale di riferimento LT nacionalinis nukreipimo mechanizmas LV nacionālais nosūtīšanas mehānisms MT Mekkaniżmu nazzjonali għal riferiment / ta’ referenza NL nationaal verwijsmechanisme PL krajowy mechanizm referencyjny PT RO mecanism naţional de sesizare SK národný referenčný mechanizmus SL nacionalni mehanizem za opozarjanje SV no usual translation NO nasjonal henvisningsordning (b) / nasjonal tilvisingsordning (n) N 203 Definition Any mode of acquisition after birth of a nationality not previously held by the target person that requires an application by this person or their legal agent as well as an act of granting nationality by a public authority. Source EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality Broader term ★★ acquisition of citizenship Note This definition does not include automatic acquisition that is not initiated by the individual concerned or their legal agent (even in cases where the individual has an option to decline this attribution of nationality) or acquisition of nationality based on a unilateral act by the target person (e.g. acquisition by declaration or option). naturalisation BG натурализация CS nabytí občanství DE Einbürgerung EL πολιτογράφηση ES adquisición de nacionalidad ET naturalisatsioon FI kansalaistaminen FR naturalisation GA eadóirsiú; eadóirseacht HU honosítás IT naturalizzazione LT natūralizacija LV naturalizācija MT Naturalizzazzjoni NL naturalisatie PL naturalizacja PT naturalização RO obţinerea cetăţeniei / naturalizare SK naturalizácia SL naturalizacija SV naturalisation NO naturalisering Definition The difference between immigration into and emigration from a given area during the year. Source Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database Related terms ★★ crude rate of net migration ★★ migration flow ★★ population stock ★★ total migration Notes 1. Net migration is negative when the number of emigrants exceeds the number of immigrants. 2. Since many countries either do not have accurate figures on immigration and emigration or have no figures at all, net migration is frequently estimated as the difference between total population change and natural increase between two dates (in Eurostat’s database it is then called corrected net migration). The statistics on net migration are therefore affected by any statistical inaccuracies in any of the components used for their derivation. net migration BG нетна миграция CS saldo migrace DE Nettomigration EL δίκτυο μετανάστευσης ES saldo migratorio ET rändesaldo FI nettomaahanmuutto FR solde migratoire GA imirce ghlan HU nettó migráció IT migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio) LT neto migracija LV migrācijas saldo MT Migrazzjoni netta NL migratiesaldo (syn.: netto migratie) PL migracja netto PT saldo migratório RO migraţia netă SK migračné saldo / čistá migrácia SL neto migracija SV nettomigration NO netto migrasjon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 204 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Any person not having the nationality of an EU Member State. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 20(1) of TFEU Narrower term ★★ third-country national Related terms ★★ alien ★★ union citizen Note This means that nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH are non-EU nationals, but they are not third-country nationals, as defined, primarily because they have the right to free movement. non-EU national BG гражданин на трета страна CS občan třetí země DE Nicht-EU-Bürger EL υπήκοος εκτός Ε.Ε. ES nacional de tercer país ET Mitte-EL kodanik FI EU:hun kuulumattoman valtion kansalainen FR non-ressortissant d’un État membre GA náisiúnach neamh-AE HU nem EU-s állampolgár IT cittadino non comunitario LT ne ES pilietis LV persona bez ES pilsonības MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż barra l-UE / mhux fl-UE NL derdelander (syn.: niet-EU onderdaan) PL obywatel państwa trzeciego PT nacionais de países terceiros RO cetăţean al unui stat terţ SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny / osoba, ktorá nie je občanom EÚ SL ne-državljan EU SV icke-EU-medborgare / tredjelandsmedborgare NO borger av et land som ikke er medlem i EU (b) / borgar av eit land som ikkje er medlem i EU (n) N 205 Definition A core principle of international refugee law that prohibits States from returning refugees in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. Source Art. 33 of the Geneva Convention of 1951 Related term ★★ refoulement Note The principle of non-refoulement is a part of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Geneva Convention of 1951 and its Protocol of 1967. non-refoulement BG non-refoulement/ забрана за експулсиране или връщане CS zákaz vyhoštění a navracení DE Nichtzurückweisung / Non-refoulement / Schutz vor Zurückweisung / Verbot der Ausweisung und Zurückweisung EL μη- επαναπροώθηση ES non-refoulement ET tagasisaatmise lubamatus / non-refoulement FI palauttamiskielto FR non-refoulement / interdiction de retour forcé (LU) GA neamh-refoulement HU visszaküldés tilalma IT non-refoulement LT negrąžinimas LV neizraidīšana MT Prinċipju (il-) ta’ non-refoulement - li ma jsirx ritorn imġiegħel jew sfurzat NL non-refoulement (syn.: het beginsel van niet- uitwijzing) PL zasada non-refoulement/ zasada niewydalania PT non-refoulement RO non-refoulment/ nereturnare SK zásada zákazu vyhostenia alebo vrátenia / zásada non-refoulement / princíp nenavrátenia SL načelo nevračanja SV non-refoulement (förbud mot avvisning / utvisning) NO vern mot utsendelse (b) / vern mot utsending (n) Definition The spouse and the minor children of a family. Source Recital 9 of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Related terms ★★ family formation ★★ family member ★★ family reunification Note This definition refers specifically to the context of family reunification only. nuclear family BG семейно ядро CS jádro rodiny DE Kernfamilie EL πυρήνας Οικογένειας ES familia nuclear ET tuumikperekond FI ydinperhe FR famille nucléaire GA teaghlach núicléach HU nukleáris család IT famiglia nucleare LT branduolinė šeima LV nukleārā ģimene MT Familja nukleari NL kerngezin PL rodzina nuklearna PT núcleo familiar RO familie nucleară SK užšia rodina SL osnovna družina SV kärnfamilj NO kjernefamilie A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 206 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A set of jobs whose main tasks and duties are characterised by a high degree of similarity. Source ILO: ISCO-88, International Standard Classification of Occupations. International Labour Office, Geneva 1990 Related terms ★★ employment ★★ profession Notes 1. Job, in the context of ISCO-08, is defined as follows: A set of tasks and duties performed or meant to be performed, by one person, including for an employer or in self employment. 2. The ISCO definition is also the one used by employment services (placement agencies). occupation BG професия/ занятие CS povolání DE Beschäftigung EL ES actividad profesional ET amet FI ammatti FR profession GA gairm bheatha HU foglalkozás IT impiego LT profesija LV profesija MT Impieg / Xogħol / Okkupazzjoni NL beroep PL zawód PT RO ocupaţie SK povolanie SL poklic SV sysselsättning; yrke NO yrke Definition Large-scale and complex illicit activities carried out by an organised criminal group. Source Derived by EMN from the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Related term ★★ organised criminal group Note Such operations are generally carried out with a ruthless disregard of the law, and often involve offences against the person, including threats, intimidation and physical violence. organised crime BG организирана престъпност CS organizovaný zločin DE organisierte Kriminalität EL ES delincuencia organizada ET organiseeritud kuritegevus FI järjestäytynyt rikollisuus FR crime organisé GA coireacht eagraithe HU szervezett bűnözés IT criminalità organizzata LT organizuotas nusikalstamumas LV organizētā noziedzība MT Kriminalità (Il-) organizzata NL georganiseerde misdaad PL zorganizowana przestępczość PT RO crimă organizată SK organizovaný zločin SL organizirani kriminal SV organiserad brottslighet NO organisert kriminalitet O 207 Definition A structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting cooperatively with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences. Source Art. 2(a) of UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime and the protocols thereto Related terms ★★ organised crime organised criminal group BG организирана престъпна група CS skupina organizovaného zločinu DE organisierte kriminelle Gruppe / Vereinigung EL ES grupo delictivo organizado ET organiseeritud kuritegelik ühendus FI järjestäytynyt rikollisryhmä FR groupe criminel organisé GA buíon choiriúil eagraithe HU szervezett bűnözői csoport IT gruppo di criminalità organizzata LT organizuota nusikalstama grupė LV organizēta noziedzīga grupa MT Grupp kriminali organizzat // Għaqda kriminali organizzata NL criminele organisatie PL zorganizowana grupa przestępcza PT RO grup / grupare criminal organizat SK organizovaná zločinecká skupina SL organizirana kriminalna združba SV gruppering för organiserad brottslighet NO organisert kriminell gruppe A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 208 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, a person who remains in a country beyond the period for which entry was granted. In the EU context, a person who has legally entered but then stayed in an EU Member State beyond the allowed duration of their permitted stay without the appropriate visa (typically 90 days or six months), or of their visa and / or residence permit. Source Global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 EU context: developed by EMN Broader term ★★ third-country national found to be illegally present Related terms ★★ irregular migrant ★★ irregular stay overstay(er) BG престой над разрешения срок CS překročení doby povoleného pobytu DE Overstayer, rechtswidrige Überschreitung eines befristeten Aufenthalts EL ο αλλοδαπός διαμένων πέραν του χρόνου που δικαιούται ES extranjero en situación irregular sobrevenida ET lubatud viibimisaja ületa(ja)mine FI henkilö, joka on jäänyt maahan oleskeluluvan tai viisumin umpeuduttua FR personne dépassant la durée de séjour autorisée GA rófhantóir (and overstaying = rófhantóireacht) HU túltartózkodó IT overstayer LT asmuo, viršijęs teisėto buvimo laiką LV persona, kas pārsniedz atļauto uzturēšanās termiņu MT Sebq (Sebbieq) il-qgħad // Min jiskorrilu / jiskadilu l-permess (biex) jibqa’ // Min itawwal żjara illegalment NL overstayer PL osoba która utraciła prawo do pobytu PT estrangeiro com excesso de permanência RO străin cu şedere ilegală (prin depăşirea termenului de şedere conferit de viză sau alt document de şedere) SK osoba, ktorá prekročila povolenú dobu pobytu SL prekoračitev dovoljenega časa prebivanja / oseba, ki prekorači dovoljeni čas prebivanja v državi SV person vars uppehållstillstånd har gått ut NO person hvis oppholdstillatelse er utløpt (b) / person med opphaldsløyve som har gått ut (n) PO 209 Definition A UN protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols. Source Palermo Protocol Related term ★★ trafficking in human beings Note The Protocol was adopted in Palermo, Italy in November 2000. Palermo Protocol BG Протоколът от Палермо CS Palermská úmluva DE Palermo-Protokoll EL Πρωτόκολλο του Παλέρμο ES Protocolo de Palermo ET Palermo protokoll FI Palermon pöytäkirja FR Protocole de Palerme GA Prótacal Palermo HU Palermói Jegyzőkönyv IT Protocollo di Palermo LT Palermo protokolas LV Palermo protokols MT Protokoll (Il-) ta’ Palermo NL Protocol van Palermo PL Protokół z Palermo PT Protocolo de Palermo RO Protocolul de la Palermo SK Palermský protokol SL Palermski protokol SV Palermoprotokollet NO Palermo-protokollen Definition A partnership contracted for the sole purpose of enabling one of the persons concerned to enter or reside in a Member State. Source Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Related terms ★★ adoption of convenience ★★ civil partnership of convenience ★★ false declaration of parenthood ★★ marriage of convenience partnership of convenience BG партньорство, сключено с единствената цел да се даде възможност на заинтересованите лица да влязат или да пребивават в държава-членка CS účelové partnerství DE Scheinpartnerschaft EL ES pareja de hecho de conveniencia ET partnerlus riiki sisenemise eesmärgil / mugavuspartnerlus FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu parisuhde FR partenariat de complaisance GA comhpháirtíocht áise HU No translation IT relazione stabile fittizia LT fiktyvi partnerystė LV fiktīvas partnerattiecības MT Sħubija / Unjoni ta’ konvenjenza NL schijnpartnerschap PL (fikcyjny) związek partnerski stworzony w celu obejścia przepisów umożliwiających legalizację pobytu PT parceria de conveniência RO parteneriat civil de convenineţă SK účelové partnerstvo SL navidezna zakonska zveza SV skenpartnerskap NO proformapartnerskap (b) / proformapartnarskap (n) P A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 210 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Human rights abuses or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a systematic or repetitive element. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Narrower terms ★★ act of persecution ★★ actor of persecution ★★ Convention grounds for persecution ★★ group persecution ★★ well-founded fear of persecution Related term ★★ serious harm Note The core concept of persecution was deliberately not defined in the Geneva Convention of 1951, suggesting that the drafters intended it to be interpreted in a sufficiently flexible manner so as to encompass ever-changing forms of persecution. persecution BG преследване CS pronásledování DE Verfolgung EL δίωξη ES persecución ET tagakiusamine FI vaino FR persécution GA géarleanúint HU üldöz(tet)és IT persecuzione LT persekiojimas LV vajāšana MT Persekuzzjoni NL vervolging PL prześladowanie PT perseguição RO persecuţie SK prenasledovanie SL preganjanje SV förföljelse NO forfølgelse (b) / forfølging (n) P 211 Definition A third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EC, and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ subsidiary protection status Related terms ★★ applicant for international protection ★★ beneficiary of international protection ★★ (civil) war refugee ★★ relocation person eligible for subsidiary protection BG лице, което отговаря на условията за субсидиарна закрила CS osoba, která má nárok na doplňkovou ochranu DE Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz EL άτομο επιλέξιμο για επικουρική προστασία ES persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria ET täiendava kaitse saamise nõuetele vastav isik FI henkilö, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua FR personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection subsidiaire GA duine atá i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach HU kiegészítő védelemben részesített személy / oltalmazott IT persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione sussidiaria LT papildomą apsaugą galintis gauti asmuo LV persona, kura tiesīga uz alternatīvo statusu MT Persuna eliġibbli għal protezzjoni sussidjarja NL persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming in aanmerking komt PL osoba kwalifikująca się do ochrony uzupełniającej PT pessoa elegível para protecção subsidiária RO persoană eligibilă pentru protecţie subsidiară SK osoba oprávnená na doplnkovú ochranu SL oseba upravičena do subsidiarne zaščite SV person som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande NO person som har krav på subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / person som har krav på subsidiært vern (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 212 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A person who has: (a) migrated into their present country of residence; and / or (b) previously had a different nationality from their present country of residence; and / or (c) at least one of their parents previously entered their present country of residence as a migrant. Source Derived by EMN from paragraphs 360-368 in the UN Economic Commission for Europe: Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing, 2010 Synonyms ★★ person in a migratory context ★★ person of migrant origin Narrower term ★★ second-generation migrant Notes 1. This is a broad definition which aims to encompass all possibilities for a person who has undertaken a migration at some point and / or has parents who did so. 2. Point (a) can also include a national of the country of residence who previously lived elsewhere and then returned to their country of nationality. person with a migratory background BG лице с миграционен произход CS osoba s migračním pozadím DE Person mit Migrationshintergrund EL ES persona de origen migratorio ET rändetaustaga isik FI maahanmuuttajataustainen henkilö FR personne issue de l’immigration GA duine ag a bhfuil cúlra imirceach HU bevándorlói háttérrel rendelkező személy IT persona con un background migratorio LT asmuo, kilęs iš migrantų šeimos arba asmuo, gyvenantis ne savo kilmės valstybėje LV persona ar migrācijas pieredzi MT Persuna bi storja ta’ migrazzjoni warajha NL Persoon met een migratieachtergrond PL osoba z przeszłością migracyjną PT Pessoa com antecedentes migratórios RO persoană cu trecut migraţionist SK osoba s migrantským pôvodom SL oseba z migracijskim ozadjem SV person med invandrarbakgrund NO person med innvandrerbakgrunn (b) / person med innvandrarbakgrunn (n) P 213 Definition The inhabitants of a given area on a certain date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year in question. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘total population’ in the Eurostat Glossary on Demographic Statistics Narrower term ★★ migrant stock Related terms ★★ crude rate of net migration ★★ migration flow ★★ net migration ★★ stock of foreigners ★★ total migration ★★ usually resident population Note The population is based either on data from the most recent census, adjusted by the components of population change produced since the last census, or on population registers. population stock BG брой на населението CS obyvatelstvo - stav k; počet obyvatel - stav k DE Bevölkerungs(be)stand EL πληθυσμιακό απόθεμα ES stock de población ET rahvaarv kindlal territooriumil, teatud aja seisuga FI väestökanta FR stock de population GA stoc daonra HU adott év január 1-jén tartózkodó népesség IT stock di popolazione LT gyventojų skaičius LV iedzīvotāju skaits 1.janvārī MT Rendikont tal-popolazzjoni NL stand van de bevolking (NL syn.: omvang van de bevolking) PL populacja w danym momencie PT RO stoc de populaţie SK počet obyvateľov SL število prebivalstva /„zaloga“ prebivalstva SV folkmängd NO folketall (b) / folketal (n) Definition A policy or a programme providing advantages for certain groups of people who are seen to have traditionally been discriminated against, with the aim of creating a more egalitarian society. This consists of preferential access to education, employment, healthcare or social welfare. Source Derived by EMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary (no longer available online) Synonyms ★★ affirmative action ★★ positive action Related term ★★ principle of equal treatment positive discrimination BG позитивна дискриминация CS pozitivní diskriminace DE positive Diskriminierung EL θετική διάκριση ES discriminación positiva ET eeliskohtlemine FI positiivinen syrjintä FR discrimination positive GA idirdhealú dearfach HU pozitív diszkrimináció IT discriminazione positiva LT pozityvioji diskriminacija LV pozitīva diskriminācija MT Diskriminazzjoni pożittiva NL positieve discriminatie PL dyskryminacja pozytywna PT discriminação positiva RO discriminare pozitivă SK pozitívna diskriminácia SL pozitivna diskriminacija SV positiv särbehandling NO positiv diskriminering A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 214 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A worker who, for a limited period, carries out his work in the territory of a Member State other than the State in which they normally work. Source Art. 2(1) of Directive 96/71/EC (Posting of Workers Directive) Note A posted worker is also one of the forms of ‘trade in services mode 4’ according to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). posted worker BG командирован работник CS vyslaný pracovník DE entsandter Arbeitnehmer EL ES trabajador desplazado ET lähetatud töötaja FI lähetetty työntekijä FR travailleur détaché GA oibrí ar phostú HU kihelyezett dolgozó IT lavoratore distaccato LT komandiruotas darbuotojas LV darba ņēmējs, kas norīkots darbā citā dalībvalstī MT Ħaddiem stazzjonat / ippostjat NL ter beschikking gestelde werknemer PL pracownik oddelegowany PT trabalhador destacado RO lucrător detaşat SK vyslaný pracovník SL napoteni delavec SV utstationerad arbetstagare NO utsatt effektuering / iverksettelse (b) / utsett effektuering / iverksetjing (n) P 215 Definition (Tempoary) suspension of removal of a third-country national who has received a return decision but whose removal is not possible either for humanitarian reasons (as their removal would violate the principle of non-refoulement or due to the third-country national’s physical state or mental capacity) or for technical reasons (such as lack of transport capacity or failure of the removal due to lack of identification or the country of origin’s refusal to accept the person) and for as long as a suspensory effect is granted in accordance with Art. 13(2) of Directive 2008/115/EC. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 9 of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonyms ★★ suspension of removal ★★ tolerated stay Notes 1. Tolerated stay status is granted in a number of Member States with differing definitions and regulated by different legal instruments. The toleration is only a suspension of removal. 2. In several Member States, the term ‘tolerated stay’ is not formally used anymore and has been replaced by ‘postponment of removal’ after the transposition of Directive 2008/115/EC. 3. For more information, see EMN: Alternatives to Detention, 2014. postponement of removal BG временно отлагане на извеждането CS odklad vyhoštění DE einstweilige Aussetzung der Abschiebung (EU acquis) / vorübergehende Aussetzung der Abschiebung / Duldung (AT, DE) Aufschub der Abschiebung (LU) EL αναβολή της απομάκρυνσης ES aplazamiento de la expulsión ET väljasaatmise edasilükkamine FI maastapoistamisen lykkääminen FR report de l’éloignement GA an t-aistriú a chur siar HU befogadottkénti tartózkodás IT rinvio dell'allontanamento LT išsiuntimo vykdymo sustabdymas LV izraidīšanas atlikšana MT Posponiment ta' tneħħija NL uitstel van verwijdering PL wstrzymanie wydalenia PT adiamento do afastamento RO amânarea îndepărtării SK odklad odsunu (EU acquis) / tolerovaný pobyt (national law) SL dovolitev zadrževanja / odložitev vračanja SV uppskov med avlägsnande NO utsatt uttransportering (b) / utsett uttransportering (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 216 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A process to strengthen cooperation in migration management between the EU and 19 partner countries to the East (the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia and Southern Caucasus). Source Joint Declaration from Prague Ministerial Conference Synonym ★★ Prague Process – Building Migration Partnerships Related term ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Notes 1. This process follows a ministerial conference in Prague in April 2009, at the initiative of the CZ in conjunction with HU, SK, PL and RO. 2. Its activities extend across five areas: (1) combating irregular migration, (2) readmission, voluntary return and reintegration, (3) legal immigration, (4) integration, and (5) migration and development. The process takes a comprehensive, balanced, pragmatic and operational approach, respecting the rights and human dignity of migrants and their family members, as well as of refugees. 3. For more information, see: http://www.pragueprocess.eu/ Prague Process BG Пражки процес CS Pražský proces DE Prager Prozess EL ES Proceso de Praga ET Praha protsess FI Prahan prosessi FR Processus de Prague GA Próiseas Phrág HU Prágai Folyamat IT Processo di Praga LT Prahos procesas LV Prāgas process MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Praga NL Praag-proces PL Proces Praski PT Processo de Praga RO Procesul Praga SK Pražský proces SL Praški proces SV Pragprocessen NO Praha-prosessen P 217 Definition A person who has met the criteria of EU regulations and international Conventions but has not been formally identified by the relevant authorities (e.g. police) as a trafficking victim or has declined to be formally or legally identified as trafficked. Source Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Trafficking in human being, 2013 Related terms ★★ identified victim of trafficking in human beings ★★ trafficking in human beings ★★ vulnerable person Note If a person is presumed to be a victim of trafficking in human beings, this does not rule out the possibility that the person’s status will later be assessed otherwise (i.e. not identified / confirmed as a victim). presumed victim of trafficking in human beings BG предполагаема жертва на трафика на хора CS pravděpodobné oběti obchodování s lidmi DE vermutetes Opfer von Menschenhandel EL ES presunta victima de trata de seres humanos ET eeldatav inimkaubanduse ohver FI oletettu ihmiskaupan uhri FR victime présumée de la traite des êtres humains GA duine ar dócha gur íospartach gáinneála é / í HU emberkereskedelem feltételezett áldozata IT vittima presunta di tratta di esseri umani LT asmuo, galėjęs nukentėti nuo prekybos žmonėmis LV persona, kuru uzskata par cilvēku tirdzniecības upuri MT Preżumibbilment vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni NL verondersteld slachtoffer van mensenhandel PL domniemana ofiara handlu ludźmi PT RO presupuse victime ale traficului de fiinţe umane SK pravdepodobná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi / formálne neidentifikovaná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi SL domnevna žrtev trgovine z ljudmi SV förmodat offer för människohandel NO antatt offer for menneskehandel Definition Person recognised as a refugee, by a State or UNHCR, on the basis of objective criteria related to the circumstances in their country of origin, which justify a presumption that they meet the criteria of the applicable refugee definition. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Broader term ★★ refugee Related terms ★★ group determination of refugee status ★★ group persecution Note This term refers to a more theoretical concept and is often not applied. prima facie refugee BG no translation CS no translation DE Prima-Facie Flüchtling EL εκ πρώτης όψεως πρόσφυγας ES refugiado (prima facie) ET prima facie pagulane FI prima facie -pakolainen FR réfugié prima facie GA dídeanaí prima facie HU prima facie elismert menekült IT rifugiato prima facie LT prima facie pabėgėlis LV prima facie bēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) prima facie NL prima facie vluchteling PL uchodźca prima facie PT refugiados prima facie RO refugiat prima facie SK utečenec prima facie SL prima facie begunec SV prima facie-flykting NO prima facie-flyktning A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 218 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The principle that there shall be no direct or indirect discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin, sex, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2 of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) and Art. 13 of the Treaty of Amsterdam Synonym ★★ equal opportunities Narrower terms ★★ direct discrimination ★★ indirect discrimination Related terms ★★ positive discrimination ★★ victimisation Notes 1. This is an important right conferred by EU citizenship. The Treaty of Amsterdam added a new Art. 13 to the Treaty, reinforcing the principle of non-discrimination. Under this article, the Council has the power to take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. 2. The term ‘equal treatment’ has a distinct use / meaning when used in the context of bilateral social security agreements between EU Member States as per Regulation 465/2013 on the coordination of social security systems. 3. For more information see EMN: Migrant Access to Social Security and Healthcare – policy and practice, 2014. principle of equal treatment BG принцип на равно третиране CS princip rovného zacházení DE Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz EL ίση μεταχείριση ES principio de igualdad de trato ET võrdse kohtlemise põhimõte FI yhtäläisen kohtelun periaate FR principe d’égalité de traitement GA an prionsabal um chóir chomhionann HU egyenlő bánásmód (elve) IT principio di parità di trattamento LT vienodo požiūrio principas LV vienlīdzīgas attieksmes princips MT Prinċipju (Il-) ta’ trattament ugwali NL beginsel van gelijke behandeling PL zasada równego traktowania PT igualdade de tratamento RO principiul tratamentului egal SK zásada rovnakého zaobchádzania / princíp rovnakého zaobchádzania SL načelo enakega obravnavanja SV principen om likabehandling NO prinsippet om likebehandling P 219 Definition In the EU asylum context, special guarantees addressing the legal rights of applicants for international protection as outlined in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights. Source Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights Note These guarantees comprise the following rights of applicants for international protection: access to the procedure; right to remain in the Member State pending the examination of the application for international protection; information on their rights and obligations in a language they understand; acess to interpreters; the opportunity to communicate with UNHCR or with any other organisation providing legal advice or other counselling; notice in reasonable time of the decision by the determining authority on their application; a personal interview, and free legal assistance and representation granted on request in the appeals procedures (including the preparation of the required procedural documents and participation in the hearing before a court or tribunal of first instance on behalf of the applicant. procedural guarantees BG процедурни гаранции CS procesní záruky DE Verfahrensgarantien EL ES garantías procedimentales ET menetlustagatised FI menettelylliset takeet FR garanties procédurales GA ráthaíochtaí nós imeachta HU eljárási garanciák IT garanzie procedurali LT procedūrinės garantijos LV procesuālās garantijas MT Garanziji proċedurali NL procedurele waarborgen PL gwarancje proceduralne PT RO SK procesné záruky / procedurálne záruky SL postopkovna jamstva SV förfarandegarantier NO saksbehandlingsgaranti (b) / sakshandsamingsgaranti (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 220 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and spirit of human rights, refugee and international humanitarian law. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Narrower terms ★★ actor of protection ★★ humanitarian protection ★★ international protection ★★ regional protection programme ★★ temporary protection Related term ★★ asylum Note Protection involves creating an environment conducive to respect for human beings, preventing and / or alleviating the immediate effects of a specific pattern of abuse, and restoring dignified conditions of life through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation. protection BG закрила CS ochrana DE Schutz EL προστασία ES protección ET kaitse FI suojelu FR protection GA cosaint HU védelem IT protezione LT apsauga LV aizsardzība MT Protezzjoni / Ħarsien NL bescherming PL ochrona PT protecção RO protecţie SK ochrana SL zaščita SV skydd NO beskyttelse (b) / vern (n) Definition The condition(s) or circumstance(s) that attract a migrant to another country. Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Broader term ★★ push-pull factor Related term ★★ push factor Note As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. expanding economic opportunities and potential for advancement in the country of destination. pull factor BG притегателен фактор CS pull faktor DE Pull-Faktor EL πόλος έλξης ES factor de atracción ET tõmbefaktor FI vetotekijä FR facteur d’attraction GA toisc tharraingthe HU húzó tényező / vonzó tényező / pull-faktor IT fattore di attrazione LT traukos veiksnys LV pievilkšanas faktors MT Fattur t’attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda NL pull factor PL czynnik przyciągający PT factor de atracção / pull factor RO factor de atragere / „pull“ factor SK stimulačný faktor / „pull“ faktor SL dejavnik privabljanja SV pull-faktor NO trekkfaktor P 221 Definition The condition(s) or circumstance(s) in a country of origin that impel or stimulate emigration. Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Broader term ★★ push-pull factor Related term ★★ pull factor Note As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. declining economic opportunities or political instability may stimulate emigration. push factor BG отблъскващ фактор CS push faktor DE Push-Faktor EL αιτία / παράγοντας απώθησης ES factor de expulsión ET tõukefaktor FI työntötekijä FR facteur de répulsion GA toisc bhrú HU taszító tényező / push faktor IT fattore di spinta LT stūmimo veiksnys LV atgrūšanas faktors MT Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni / ta’ tbarrija NL push factor PL czynik wypychający PT factor de afastamento / push factor RO „push factor” SK nútiaci faktor / „push“ faktor SL dejavnik spodbujanja SV push-faktor NO skyvfaktor (b) / skuvfaktor (n) Definition Factors which initiate and influence the decision to migrate, either by attracting them to another country (pull factors) or by impelling or stimulating emigration (push factors). Source Developed by EMN Narrower terms ★★ pull factor ★★ push factor push-pull factor BG фактори на привличане и отблъскване CS push-pull faktor DE Push-Pull-Faktor EL αιτία / παράγοντας ταυτόχρονης απώθησης - προσέλευσης ES factores de expulsión / atracción ET tõuke-tõmbefaktor FI työntö- ja vetotekijä FR facteur d’attraction-répulsion GA toisc bhrú is tarraingthe HU taszító-vonzó tényező / push-pull factor IT fattore di spinta-attrazione LT stūmimo-traukos veiksnys LV atgrūšanas-pievilkšanas faktors / motivētājfaktors MT Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni-attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda-tbarrija NL push-pull factor PL czynnik wypychający i przyciągający PT factor de afastamento / factor de atracção RO „push-pull factor” SK motivačný faktor / „push-pull“ faktor SL dejavnik spodbujanja in privabljanja SV push-pull faktor NO skyv-trekk-faktor (b) / skuv-trekk-faktor (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 222 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A quantitative restriction in the migration or asylum context. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Narrower term ★★ immigration quota Related term ★★ managed migration Note Many countries establish quotas, or caps, on the number of migrants to be admitted each year. quota BG квота CS kvóta DE Quote EL μερίδα / αναλογία / ποσοστό ES cuota ET piirarv FI kiintiö FR quota GA cuóta HU kvóta IT quota LT kvota LV kvota MT Kwota NL quotum PL kwota PT quota RO cotă SK kvóta SL kvota SV kvot NO kvote RQ 223 Definition Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life. Source Art. 1(1) of UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Broader term ★★ discrimination Related terms ★★ racism ★★ xenophobia Notes 1. The Convention does not define ‘race’ but it does define ‘racial discrimination’. 2. Distinctions made on the basis of citizenship (that is, between citizens and non-citizens) are specifically excluded from the definition, as are affirmative action policies and other measures taken to redress imbalances and promote equality. 3. Some institutions such as UNHCR and EASO use the term ‘discrimination’ with the same definition. racial discrimination BG расова дискриминация CS rasová diskriminace DE rassistische Diskriminierung / Rassendiskriminierung EL φυλετική διάκριση ES discriminación racial ET rassiline diskrimineerimine FI rotusyrjintä FR discrimination raciale GA idirdhealú ciníoch HU faji diszkrimináció IT discriminazione razziale LT rasinė diskriminacija LV rasu diskriminācija MT Diskriminazzjoni razzjali NL rassendiscriminatie PL dyskryminacja rasowa PT discriminação racial RO discriminare rasială SK rasová diskriminácia SL rasna diskriminacija SV rasdiskriminering NO rasediskriminering R A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 224 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Notes 1. Racism can be defined in many ways. A broad, general definition is used here in order to have a common understanding of the concept. However, there is a problem in that the term ‘racism’ presupposes the existence of different races. Recital (6) of Directive 2000/43/EC states that ‘The European Union rejects theories which attempt to determine the existence of separate human races.’ 2. According to the EU acquis, and specifically Art. 1 of Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism and xenophobia are considered to be: (a) publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin; (b) the commission of an act referred to in point (a) by public dissemination or distribution of tracts, pictures or other material; (c) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group; (d) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in Art. 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group. 3. The Council of Europe provides further insight into the understanding of this term at: http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/en/ chapter_5/5_4.html racism BG расизъм CS rasismus DE Rassismus EL ES racismo ET rassism FI rasismi FR racisme GA ciníochas HU rasszizmus/ fajgyűlölet IT razzismo LT rasizmas LV rasisms MT Razziżmu NL racisme PL rasizm PT Racismo RO rasism SK rasizmus SL rasizem SV rasism NO rasisme Definition Ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of persons of one colour or ethnic origin. Source Art. 4 of UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Related terms ★★ racial discrimination ★★ xenophobia 225 Definition A mechanism providing rapid operational assistance for a limited period to a requesting Member State facing a situation of urgent and exceptional pressure at points of the external EU borders from large numbers of third-country nationals trying to enter the territory of the Member State illegally. Source Art. 1(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 (Rapid Border Intervention Teams Regulation) Synonym ★★ RABIT Related term ★★ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Rapid Border Intervention Team BG Група за бързо реагиране по границата CS pohraniční jednotka rychlé reakce DE Soforteinsatzteam für Grenzsicherungszwecke EL ES equipos de intervención rápida en frontera ET piirivalve kiirreageerimisrühm FI rajavalvonnan nopean toiminnan joukot (RABIT) FR équipes d’intervention rapide aux frontières GA Foireann Mhear-idirghabhála Teorainneacha HU Gyorsreagálású Határvédelmi Csapatok IT Squadre di rapido intervento alle frontiere (RABIT) LT Pasienio greitojo reagavimo komanda LV ātrās reaģēšanas robežapsardzes vienība MT Timijiet t’Intervent Rapidu mal-Fruntieri (RABIT) NL snelle-grensinterventieteams PL Zespół Szybkiego Reagowania na Granicy (RABIT) PT Equipas de Intervenção Rápida nas Fronteiras RO Echipe de intervenţie rapidă la frontieră (RABIT) SK rýchle pohraničné zásahové tímy / RABIT SL Skupina za hitro posredovanje na mejah SV snabba gränsinsatsenheter NO beredskapsgruppe for grensekontroll (RABIT) Definition An agreement between the EU and / or a Member State with a third country, on the basis of reciprocity, establishing rapid and effective procedures for the identification and safe and orderly return of persons who do not, or no longer, fulfil the conditions for entry to, presence in, or residence in the territories of the third country or one of the Member States of the European Union, and to facilitate the transit of such persons in a spirit of cooperation. Source Preamble to EU Readmission Agreements (e.g. EU Readmission Agreement with Serbia) Related terms ★★ return ★★ mobility partnership Notes 1. Re-admission agreements concluded between the EU and a third country supersede those of any Member State with the same country, although this might not be the case for DK and possibly IE and UK as these Member States can choose not to participate in (opt-in to) the relevant EU agreement. 2. For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home- affairs/what-we-do/policies/immigration/return-readmission/ index_en.htm readmission agreement BG споразумение за реадмисия CS readmisní dohoda DE Rückübernahmeabkommen EL συμφωνία επανεισδοχής ES acuerdo de readmisión ET tagasivõtuleping FI takaisinottosopimus FR accord de réadmission GA comhaontú um athghlactha isteach HU visszafogadási egyezmény IT accordo di riammissione LT readmisijos susitarimas LV atpakaļuzņemšanas nolīgums MT Ftehim ta’ dħul mill-ġdid / ta’ riammissjoni NL terugnameovereenkomst PL umowa readmisyjna PT acordo de readmissão RO acord de readmisie SK readmisná dohoda SL sporazum o vračanju oseb SV återtagandeavtal NO returavtale A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 226 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Risk of serious harm experienced by an applicant for international protection which is considered to be both real and likely to occur. Source Developed by EMN Broader term ★★ serious harm Related terms ★★ credibility assessment ★★ well-founded fear of persecution Notes 1. The likelihood of an applicant for international protection suffering serious harm is assessed in order to provide a standard of proof for assessing eligibility for subsidiary protection. According to Art. 4(4) of the Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) on the ‘assessment of facts and circumstances’, earlier serious harm or direct threats are appraised as a ‘serious indication of the applicant’s real risk of suffering serious harm, unless there are good reasons to consider that such persecution or serious harm will not be repeated’. 2. The European Court of Human Rights has ruled in a high number of different cases that there is a violation of Art. 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ‘if substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if deported, faces a real risk of being subjected to treatment contrary to Art. 3 ECHR’. In light of the Court’s consequent jurisprudence, this standard means that: (a) there is no need for the risk to be very high (no certainty or significant probability requirement); (b) at the same time the risk cannot be a mere possibility (a distant, vague or theoretical alternative). real risk of suffering serious harm BG реален риск от тежки посегателства CS reálné riziko vážné újmy DE tatsächliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften Schaden zu erleiden EL πραγματικός κίνδυνος σοβαρής βλάβης ES riesgo real de sufrir daños graves ET reaalne risk tõsise ohu tekkimiseks FI todellinen vaara joutua kärsimään vakavaa haittaa FR risque réel de subir des atteintes graves GA baol iarbhír díobháil thromchúiseach a fhulaingt HU súlyos sérelem elszenvedésének tényleges veszélye IT rischio effettivo di subire un grave danno LT realus pavojus patirti didelę žalą LV reāls risks ciest smagu kaitējumu MT Riskju reali / veru li ġġarrab dannu(-i) serju(-i) NL reëel risico op het lijden van ernstige schade PL rzeczywiste ryzyko doznania poważnej krzywdy PT RO risc real de vătămare fizică gravă SK reálne riziko utrpenia vážneho bezprávia / reálne riziko vážneho bezprávia SL utemeljeno tveganje resne škode SV verklig risk för att lida allvarlig skada NO reell fare for alvorlig skade (b) / reell fare for alvorleg skade (n) R 227 Definition A location with facilities for receiving, processing and attending to the immediate needs of refugees or asylum seekers as they arrive in a country of asylum. Source UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Broader term ★★ reception facilities Related term ★★ accommodation centre Note For more information on categories of reception centres available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013. reception centre BG приемателен център CS přijímací středisko DE Aufnahmeeinrichtung EL ES centro de acogida ET vastuvõtukeskus FI vastaanottokeskus FR centre d’accueil (pour demandeurs d’asile) GA ionad fáiltithe HU befogadó állomás IT centro di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo LT priėmimo centras LV uzņemšanas centrs MT Ċentru ta’ akkoljenza (għal min jitlob l-ażil) NL asielzoekerscentrum PL ośrodek recepcyjny PT centro de acolhimento RO centru de cazare şi proceduri SK prijímacie zariadenie (EU acquis) / záchytný tábor (national law) SL nastanitveni center / sprejemni center SV mottagning NO transittmottak Definition The full set of measures that Member States grant to applicants for international protection. Source Art. 2(f) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) Narrower term ★★ material reception conditions Note For more information on reception conditions in the EU, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013. reception conditions BG условия на приемане CS podmínky přijetí DE Aufnahmebedingungen, im Rahmen der Aufnahmebedingungen gewährte Vorteile EL συνθήκες υποδοχής ES condiciones de acogida ET vastuvõtutingimused FI vastaanotto-olosuhteet FR conditions d’accueil GA dálaí mpl glactha HU befogadási feltételek IT condizioni di accoglienza LT priėmimo sąlygos LV uzņemšanas nosacījumi MT Kondizzjonijiet tal-akkoljenza NL opvangvoorzieningen PL warunki przyjmowania PT condições de acolhimento RO condiţii de recepţie SK prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis) / podmienky prijímania (national law) SL sprejemni pogoji SV mottagningsvillkor NO mottaksforhold (b) / mottakstilhøve (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 228 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition All forms of premises used for the housing of applicants for international protection and other categories of migrants and refugees. Source Developed by EMN Narrower terms ★★ accommodation centre ★★ reception centre Note For more information on categories of reception facilties available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013. reception facilities BG приемни съоръжения CS přijímací zařízení DE Aufnahmeeinrichtungen EL ES centros de acogida ET vastuvõtu majutusasutused FI vastaanoton majoitusmuodot FR structures d’accueil GA áiseanna fáiltithe HU befogadó létesítmények IT struttura di accoglienza LT priėmimo centrai LV uzņemšanas telpas MT Faċilitajiet ta’ akkoljenza NL opvangfaciliteiten PL ośrodki przyjmowania PT RO spaţii de cazare a solicitanţilor de azil SK azylové zariadenia SL sprejemni prostori SV anläggningsboende NO asylmottak Definition A formal acknowledgement by a competent authority of the validity of a foreign qualification with a view to access to educational and / or employment activities. Source Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘recognition’ in Art. 1 of the Council of Europe Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region recognition of foreign qualifications BG признаване на чуждестранни квалификации CS uznávání zahraničních kvalifikací DE Anerkennung ausländischer Qualifikationen EL ES reconocimiento de cualificaciones obtenidas en el extranjero ET välisriigi kutsekvalifikatsiooni tunnustamine FI ulkomaisten tutkintojen vastaavuuden tunnustaminen FR reconnaissance des qualifications acquises à l’étranger GA aithint cáilíochtaí iasachta HU külföldi képesítések elfogadása IT riconoscimento della qualifica estera LT užsienyje įgytų kvalifikacijų pripažinimas LV ārvalstīs iegūtu kvalifikāciju atzīšana MT Rikonoxximent ta’ kwalifiki barranin NL erkenning van buitenlandse getuigschriften PL uznanie kwalifikacji (zawodowych) cudzoziemca PT RO recunoaşterea calificărilor din străinătate SK uznávanie odborných kvalifikácií zo zahraničia / uznávanie dokladov o vzdelaní zo zahraničia SL priznavanje tujih kvalifikacij SV erkännande av utländska kvalifikationer NO godkjenning av utenlandske kvalifikasjoner (b) / godkjenning av utanlandske kvalifikasjonar (n) R 229 Definition The return by a State, in any manner whatsoever, of an individual to the territory of another state in which they may be persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion or would run the risk of torture. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Related terms ★★ compulsory return ★★ non-refoulement Note Refoulement includes any action having the effect of returning the individual to a State, including expulsion, deportation, extradition, rejection at the frontier, extra-territorial interception and physical return. refoulement BG refoulement / експулсиране или връщане CS vyhoštění a navracení DE Ausweisung und Zurückweisung eines Flüchtlings EL επαναπροώθηση ES refoulement ET tagasisaatmine FI palauttaminen FR refoulement GA refoulement HU refoulement (visszaküldés) IT refoulement LT grąžinimas LV izraidīšana MT Refoulement / Ritorn imġiegħel jew sfurzat NL uitwijzing PL wydalenie PT refoulement RO refoulement / returnare SK vyhostenie / vrátenie SL vračanje SV refoulement (avvisning / utvisning) NO utsendelse (b) / utsending (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 230 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, either a person who, owing to a wellfounded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, is outside the country of nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country, or a stateless person, who, being outside of the country of former habitual residence for the same reasons as mentioned before, is unable or, owing to such fear, unwilling to return to it. In the EU context, either a third-country national who, owing to a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, is outside the country of nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country, or a stateless person, who, being outside of the country of former habitual residence for the same reasons as mentioned above, is unable or, owing to such fear, unwilling to return to it, and to whom Art. 12 (Exclusion) of Directive 2011/95/EU does not apply. Source Global context: Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951 EU context: Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ forced migrant Narrower terms ★★ Convention refugee ★★ prima facie refugee ★★ resettled refugee Related terms ★★ applicant for international protection ★★ asylum seeker ★★ displaced person Note Whereas the exclusion clauses are an integral part of the refugee definition of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), the Geneva Convention of 1951 refers to the exclusion clauses in its Articles 1D, 1E and 1F (see also the definition of ‘exclusion clause’). refugee BG бежанец CS uprchlík DE Flüchtling EL πρόσφυγας ES refugiado ET pagulane FI pakolainen FR réfugié GA dídeanaí HU menekült IT rifugiato LT pabėgėlis LV bēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) NL vluchteling PL uchodźca PT refugiado RO refugiat SK utečenec (international law, EU acquis) / azylant (national law) SL begunec SV flykting NO flyktning R 231 Definition A refugee who, although not returned directly to a country where they may be persecuted, is denied asylum or unable to find a State willing to examine their request, and are shuttled from one country to another in a constant search for asylum. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Related terms ★★ de facto refugee ★★ postponement of removal refugee in orbit BG no translation CS refugee in orbit DE no usual translation EL πρόσφυγας σε τροχιά ES refugiados en órbita ET ringlev pagulane / no usual translation FI kiertävä pakolainen FR réfugié en orbite GA dídeanaí ag fithisiú HU we do not make use of this expression IT rifugiato vagante LT pabėgėlis orbitoje LV „riņķojošs“ bēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) f’orbita / f’limbu NL vluchteling in orbit PL uchodźca na orbicie / refugee in orbit PT requerentes de asilo em orbita RO refugiat pe orbită SK utečenec v pohybe / refugee in orbit SL refugee in orbit / tavajoči begunec SV no usual translation NO videresendt flyktning (b) / vidaresend flyktning (n) Definition A refugee who is temporarily admitted in the territory of a State under the condition that they are resettled elsewhere. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Related terms ★★ resettled refugee ★★ resettlement Notes 1. This term is currently little used in the EU. 2. The term should not be confused with refugees who stay in the transit area of an airport. refugee in transit BG no translation CS no translation DE no usual translation EL πρόσφυγας σε ζώνη διέλευσης ES refugiado en tránsito ET transiidipagulane (no usual translation) FI kauttakulkupakolainen FR réfugié en transit GA dídeanaí idirthurais HU no usual translation IT rifugiato in transito LT tranzitinis pabėgėlis LV tranzītbēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) fi tranżitu NL vluchteling in transit PL uchodźca w tranzycie PT refugiados em trânsito RO refugiaţi admişi în vederea relocării (used when refering to refugees in Emergency Transit Centre in Timişoara) SK utečenec v tranzite / tranzitujúci utečenec SL begunec v tranzitu SV no translation NO flyktning i transitt A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 232 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The body of customary international and EU law and instruments that establish standards for refugee protection. The cornerstone of refugee law is the Geneva Convention of 1951 and its Protocol of 1967. Source Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms Synonym ★★ international refugee law Related term ★★ human rights law refugee law BG бежанско право CS uprchlické právo DE Flüchtlingsrecht EL προσφυγικό Δίκαιο ES legislación de asilo ET varjupaigaõigus FI pakolaisoikeus FR droit des réfugiés GA dlíthe um dhídeanaithe HU menekültjog IT legislazione sull’asilo LT pabėgėlių teisė LV [starptautiskās] bēgļu tiesības MT Liġi / Att dwar ir-rifuġjati NL vluchtelingenrecht PL prawo uchodźcze PT legislação de asilo RO legislaţia cu privire la refugiaţi SK utečenecké právo SL begunsko pravo SV flyktingrätt NO flyktningrett Definition The recognition by a Member State of a third-country national or stateless person as a refugee. Source Art. 2(e) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ international protection Related terms ★★ beneficiary of international protection ★★ Convention refugee ★★ withdrawal of refugee status refugee status BG статут на бежанец CS postavení uprchlíka DE Flüchtlingsstatus EL καθεστώς πρόσφυγα ES estatuto de refugiado ET pagulasseisund FI pakolaisasema FR statut de réfugié GA stádas dídeanaí HU menekült státusz IT status di rifugiato LT pabėgėlio statusas LV bēgļa statuss MT Status ta’ rifuġjat(a) NL vluchtelingenstatus PL status uchodźcy PT estatuto de refugiado RO statutul de refugiat SK postavenie utečenca (EU acquis) / status utečenca / štatút utečenca SL status begunca SV flyktingstatus NO flyktningstatus R 233 Definition In the global context, a person who is not a refugee when they leave their country of origin, but who becomes a refugee, that is, acquires a well-founded fear of persecution, at a later date. In the EU context, a person granted refugee status based on international protection needs which arose sur place, i.e. on account of events which took place after they left their country of origin. Source Global context: UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 5 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Synonym ★★ objective grounds for seeking asylum occurring after the applicant’s departure from their country of origin Note Refugees sur place may owe their fear of persecution to a coup d’état in their home country, or to the introduction or intensification of repressive or persecutory policies after their departure. A claim in this category may also be based on bona fide political activities, undertaken in the country of residence or refuge. refugee sur place BG бежанец на място / бежанец sur place CS uprchlík na místě; uprchlík „sur place“ DE Flüchtling sur place EL επί τόπου ES refugiado sobrevenido ET sur place pagulane FI sur place -pakolainen FR réfugié sur place GA dídeanaí sur place HU sur place menekült IT rifugiato sur place LT pabėgėlis sur place LV bēglis sur place MT Rifuġjat(a) sur place NL vluchteling „sur place” (NL syn. réfugié sur place) PL uchodźca sur place / uchodźca na miejscu PT refugiados sur place RO refugiat sur place SK utečenec sur place / utečenec „na mieste“ SL begunec sur place SV flykting ”sur place” NO sur place-flyktning Definition In the global context, refusal of entry of a person who does not fulfil all the entry conditions laid down in the national legislation of the country for which entry is requested. In the EU context, refusal of entry of a third-country national at the external EU border because they do not fulfil all the entry conditions laid down in Art. 5(1) of Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Border Code) and do not belong to the categories of persons referred to in Art. 5(4) of that Regulation. Source Global context: Developed by EMN EU context: Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘third-country nationals refused entry’ in Art. 2(q) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Related terms ★★ border control ★★ external EU border ★★ internal EU border ★★ irregular entry ★★ legal entry refusal of entry BG отказ за влизане CS odmítnutí vstupu DE Verweigerung der Einreise (EU acquis) / Einreiseverbot (DE) EL υπήκοοι τρίτων χωρών με άρνηση εισόδου ES denegación de entrada ET sisenemiskeeld / isiku riiki mittelubamine FI pääsyn epääminen FR refus d'entrée GA náisiúnaigh tríú tír ar diúltaíodh iontráil dóibh HU beléptetés megtagadása IT respingimento (rifiuto di ingresso) LT neįleidimas LV ieceļošanas atteikums MT Dħul miċħud / Tbarrija NL toegangsweigering PL odmowa wjazdu PT recusa de entrada a nacionais de países terceiros RO refuzarea intrării SK odopretie vstupu SL zavrnitev vstopa SV avvisning (tredjelandsmedborgare som nekas inresa) NO innreisenekt A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 234 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A programme designed to enhance the capacity of non-EU countries in the regions from which many refugees originate, or through which they pass in transit. Such a progamme aims to improve refugee protection through durable solutions (return, local integration and resettlement in a third country). Source Derived by EMN from the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on regional protection programmes – COM(2005) 388 Broader term ★★ protection Related terms ★★ durable solutions ★★ resettlement Notes 1. The first two regional protection programmes targeted Eastern Europe (in particular Belarus, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) as a region of transit and the African Great Lakes Region (particularly Tanzania) as a region of origin. 2. For further information, see the DG HOME website: http:// ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/asylum/ external-aspects/index_en.htm regional protection programme BG регионална програма за закрила CS program regionální ochrany DE Regionales Schutzprogramm EL ES programa regional de protección ET piirkondlik kaitsekava FI alueellinen suojeluohjelma FR programme régional de protection GA Clár Cosanta Réigiúnaí HU Regionális Védelmi Program IT programma di protezione regionale LT regioninė apsaugos programa LV reģionālās aizsardzības programma MT Programm ta’ protezzjoni reġjonali NL regionaal beschermingsprogramma PL program ochrony regionalnej PT Programa regional de protecção RO program de protecţie regională SK regionálny program ochrany SL regionalni program zaščite SV regionalt skyddsprogram NO regionalt program om beskyttelse (b) regionalt program om vern (n) Definition In the EU context, state procedure by which illegally staying third-country nationals are awarded a legal status. Source ICMPD: Study on Regularisations in Europe, 2009 Synonyms ★★ amnesty (in the context of migration) ★★ legalisation regularisation BG узаконяване CS regularizace / legalizace pobytu DE Legalisierung / Regularisierung EL νομιμοποίηση ES regularización ET seadustamine FI laillistaminen FR régularisation GA tabhairt chun rialtachta HU legalizálás IT regolarizzazione LT reguliarizacija LV [personas statusa] legalizācija MT Regolarizzazzjoni NL regularisatie PL regularyzacja PT regularização RO regularizare / legalizare SK legalizácia / regularizácia SL regularizacija SV regularisering NO regularisering R 235 Definition Re-inclusion or re-incorporation of a person into a group or a process, e.g. of a migrant into the society of their country of return. Source Derived by the EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Related terms ★★ integration ★★ return reintegration BG реинтеграция CS reintegrace DE Reintegration EL επανένταξη ES reintegración ET taaslõimumine FI uudelleen kotouttaminen FR réintégration GA athimeascadh HU reintegráció (visszailleszkedés) IT reintegrazione LT reintegracija LV reintegrācija MT Riintegrazzjoni NL reïntegratie PL reintegracja PT reintegração RO reintegrare SK reintegrácia SL reintegracija / ponovna integracija SV återintegrering NO reintegrering A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 236 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A person covered by a first instance decision rejecting an application for international protection, including decisions considering applications as inadmissible or as unfounded and decisions under priority and accelerated procedures, taken by administrative or judicial bodies during the reference period. Source Art. 4(2a) of Regulation 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Synonyms ★★ failed applicant ★★ failed asylum seeker ★★ rejected applicant Broader terms ★★ applicant for international protection ★★ asylum seeker rejected applicant for international protection BG отхвърлен кандидат за международна закрила CS žadatel o mezinárodní ochranu, jehož žádost byla zamítnuta DE abgelehnter Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz EL ES solicitante al que se le ha denegado la protección internacional ET tagasilükatud rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja FI hylkäävän päätöksen saanut kansainvälisen suojelun hakija FR demandeur de protection internationale débouté GA iarratasóir ar diúltaíodh cosaint idirnáisiúnta dó HU elutasított menedékkérő IT richiedente protezione internazionale respinto LT asmuo, kuriam prieglobstis nesuteiktas LV persona, kurai atteikts piešķirt starptautisko aizsardzību MT Applikant(a) għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali respint(a) / miċħud(a) NL afgewezen asielzoeker PL osoba, której wniosek o objęcie ochroną międzynardową został odrzucony PT RO solicitant al protecţiei internaţionale respins / a cărui cerere a fost respinsă SK neúspešný žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu / neúspešný žiadateľ o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany / žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu, ktorému bola žiadosť zamietnutá / žiadateľ o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany, ktorému bola žiadosť zamietnutá SL zavrnjeni prosilec za mednarodno zaščito SV person som omfattas av beslut om avslag på ansökan om internationellt skydd NO person med avslag på søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / person med avslag på søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) R 237 Definition The transfer of persons having a status defined by the Geneva Convention of 1951 or subsidiary protection within the meaning of Directive 2011/95/EU from the EU Member State which granted them international protection to another EU Member State where they will be granted similar protection, and of persons having applied for international protection from the EU Member State which is responsible for examining their application to another EU Member State where their applications for international protection will be examined. Source DG Home e-Library Glossary Related terms ★★ Convention refugee ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection ★★ resettlement relocation BG преместване/ релокация CS relokace DE Umverteilung EL ES reubicación ET ümberasustamine FI sisäinen siirto FR relocalisation GA athlonnú HU áthelyezés (relokáció) IT ricollocazione LT perkėlimas LV pārvietošana MT Rilokazzjoni NL aanleg tot afwijzing van een verzoek om internationale PL relokacja PT recolocação RO relocare SK premiestnenie (EU acquis) / relokácia SL preselitev SV omplacering NO relokalisering Definition To remain in the territory, including at the border or in transit zones, of the Member State in which the application for international protection has been made or is being examined. Source Art. 2(p) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) remain in the Member State BG оставане в държава-членка CS setrvat v členském státě DE Verbleib im Mitgliedstaat EL κ-μ παραμονής ES permanecer en el territorio del Estado Miembro ET liikmesriiki jääma FI jääminen jäsenvaltioon FR rester dans l’État membre GA fanacht sa bhallstát HU a tagállam területés marad IT permanenza nello Stato membro LT likti valstybėje narėje LV palikt uz dzīvi dalībvalstī MT Jibqa’/Tibqa’ fl-Istat Membru NL in de lidstaat blijven PL pozostawać w państwie członkowskim PT permanecer num estado membro RO a rămâne pe teritoriu SK zostať v členskom štáte SL ostati v državi članici SV stanna kvar i medlemsstaten NO fortsatt opphold (b) / vidare opphald (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 238 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, a cross-border person-to-person payment of relatively low value. In an EU context, a financial transfer from a migrant to a beneficiary(ies) in the migrant’s country of origin. Source Global context: World Bank: Committee on Payment and Settlement System – General principles for remittances, January 2007, p. 6 EU context: Footnote 7 of COM(2005) 390 Related term ★★ circular migration remittance BG парични трансфери на емигранти CS remitence DE Rücküberweisung EL εμβάσματα ES remesas ET rahaülekanded FI rahalähetys FR envois de fonds GA seoltán HU hazautalás IT rimessa LT pinigų perlaidos LV naudas pārvedumi MT Trasferimenti / Bgħit ta’ flus (minn migranti lejn benefiċjarji f’pajjiżhom) NL geldovermakingen (syn. geldoverdrachten) PL przekazy pienieżne / transfery pieniężne PT remessas RO remitenţă SK remitencie SL nakazilo SV överföring NO pengeoverføringer (b) / pengeoverføringar (n) Source Art. 3(5) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonym ★★ deportation Broader term ★★ compulsory return Narrower terms ★★ expulsion ★★ removal order ★★ return decision Related term ★★ voluntary departure Note Under EU legislation, removal is a specific form of compulsory (forced) return. While deportation and removal often are understood as synonyms, deportation it not used as a legal term in all Member States and is only applicable as a general concept by the public, sometimes with a negative connotation. Because of this variation, ‘removal ‘ is the preferred term to use. removal BG извеждане CS vyhoštění DE Abschiebung EL απομάκρυνση ES expulsión ET väljasaatmine FI maasta poistaminen FR éloignement GA aistriú HU kitoloncolás IT allontanamento LT išsiuntimas LV piespiedu izraidīšana MT Tneħħija NL uitzetting (syn: verwijdering) PL odesłanie (wyjazd) PT afastamento RO Îndepărtare de pe teritoriu / returnare SK odsun SL odstranitev SV avlägsnande NO uttransportering Definition The enforcement of the obligation to return, namely the physical transportation out of the country. R 239 Definition An administrative or judicial decision or act ordering a removal. Source Art. 8(3) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonym ★★ deportation order Broader terms ★★ removal ★★ return decision Related term ★★ expulsion decision Note For some Member States, a return decision and removal order may occur within one administrative or judicial act as provided for in their national legislation. removal order BG заповед за извеждане CS rozhodnutí o vyhoštění DE Abschiebungsanordnung EL εντολή απομάκρυνσης ES orden de expulsión ET väljasaatmisotsus FI maastapoistamismääräys FR mesure d’éloignement GA ordú aistrithe HU kitoloncolásról szóló határozat IT provvedimento di allontanamento LT nurodymas išsiųsti LV lēmums par piespiedu izraidīšanu MT Ordni ta’ tneħħija NL last tot uitzetting PL decyzja nakazująca wyjazd PT decisão de afastamento RO decizie de returnare sub escortă SK príkaz na odsun / príkaz na vyhostenie SL nalog za odstranitev SV beslut om avlägsnande NO vedtak om uttransportering Definition A third-country national who has been admitted to the territory of a Member State for a training period with remuneration in accordance with its national legislation. Source Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘unremunerated trainee’ in Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Migration Directive) Broader term ★★ trainee Related term ★★ unremunerated trainee remunerated trainee BG платен стажант CS placený stážista DE bezahlter Auszubildender EL αμοιβόμενος εκπαιδευόμενος ES persona en prácticas remuneradas ET tasustatud praktikant FI palkallinen harjoittelija FR stagiaire rémunéré GA oiliúnaí a fhaigheann luach saothair HU javadalmazásban részesülő (fizetett) gyakornok IT apprendista retribuito LT atlygintinas stažuotojas LV algots praktikants / stažieris MT Persuna titħarreġ bi ħlas NL bezoldigd stagiair PL stażysta pobierający wynagrodzenie PT estagiários / formandos remunerados RO stagiar remunerat SK platený stážista SL plačani pripravnik SV avlönad praktikant NO lønnet praktikant (b) / lønt praktikant (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 240 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The personal right of a refugee or a prisoner of war to return to their country of nationality under specific conditions laid down in various international instruments and human rights instruments as well as in customary international law. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Notes 1. This is not a synonym relating to compulsory (forced) return. 2. The option of repatriation is bestowed upon the individual personally and not upon the detaining power. In the law of international armed conflict, repatriation also entails the obligation of the detaining power to release eligible persons (soldiers and civilians) and the duty of the country of origin to receive its own nationals at the end of hostilities. Even if treaty law does not contain a general rule on this point, it is today readily accepted that the repatriation of prisoners of war and civil detainees has been consented to implicitly by the interested parties. Repatriation as a term also applies to diplomatic envoys and international officials in times of international crisis as well as expatriates and migrants. 3. Depending on the Member State, this term has different meanings / connotations: in PL, RO, NL, NO this refers specifically to repatriating their nationals back to PL, RO, NL, NO respectively. In ES, IE, IT, UK, it is often used in the context of returning third-country nationals to their country of origin. In EE, the term refers specifically to persons of Estonia or ethnic Estonians’ resettlement to Estonia. In LV, the term refers specifically to the persons of Latvian or Livonian origin to resettle with permanent residence in Latvia. In PT, the term has no legal concept, being used more as a sociological term. It is commonly used to refer to Portuguese citizens that return to Portugal, including being forced to return. 4. The term should not be confused with ‘voluntary repatriation’ which is according to the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology defined as follows: ‘Return to the country of origin on the basis of the freely expressed willingness of the refugees’. The returns have to take place in conditions of safety, dignity and security. The principle of ‘voluntariness’ must be viewed in relation to both: conditions in the country of origin (calling for an informed decision) and the situation in the country of asylum (permitting a free choice). For more information, see UNHCR: Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection – handbook, 1996: http://www.refworld.org/docid/ 3ae6b3510.html repatriation BG репатриране CS repatriace DE Repatriierung EL επαναπατρισμός ES repatriación ET tagasipöördumine (repatrieerumine) FI paluu, palauttaminen FR rapatriement GA aisdúichiú HU hazatelepítés IT rimpatrio LT repatriacija LV repatriācija MT Ripatrijazzjoni NL repatriëring (NL syn.: naar het vaderland terugkeren / naar het vaderland terugbrengen) PL repatriacja PT repatriamento RO repatriere SK repatriácia SL repatriacija SV återvandring NO repatriering R 241 Definition A person or an organisation appointed by the competent bodies in order to assist and represent an unaccompanied minor in procedures provided for in Directive 2013/32/EU with a view to ensuring the best interests of the child and exercising legal capacity for the minor where necessary. Where an organisation is appointed as a representative, it shall designate a person responsible for carrying out the duties of representative in respect of the unaccompanied minor. Source Art. 2(n) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Related term ★★ unaccompanied minor representative BG представител CS zástupce DE Vertreter (EU acquis) / Stellvertreter (DE) EL εκπρόσωπος ES representante legal ET esindaja FI edustaja FR représentant GA ionadaí HU ügygondnok IT rappresentante LT atstovas LV pārstāvis MT Rappreżentant legali // Kuratur legali NL vertegenwoordiger PL przedstawiciel PT representante legal RO reprezentant legal SK zástupca SL predstavnik / zastopnik SV företrädare NO verge Definition In the EU migration context, a third-country national holding an appropriate higher education qualification, which gives access to doctoral programmes, who is selected by a research organisation for carrying out a research project for which the above qualification is normally required. Source Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers Directive) Related terms ★★ school pupil ★★ student ★★ unremunerated trainee researcher BG научен работник CS výzkumný pracovník DE Forscher EL ερευνητής ES investigador ET teadlane FI tutkija FR chercheur GA taighdeoir HU kutató IT ricercatore LT tyrėjas LV pētnieks MT Riċerkatur (-triċi) NL onderzoeker PL naukowiec PT investigador RO cercetător SK výskumník / výskumný pracovník SL raziskovalec SV forskare NO forsker (b) / forskar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 242 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, a refugee who is identified by the UNHCR and who is transferred from the country in which they have sought protection to a third state which has agreed to admit them as refugees with permanent residence status. In the EU context, a third-country national or stateless person who, on a resettlement request from UNHCR based on their need for international protection, are transferred from a third country to a Member State where they are permitted to reside with one of the following statuses: (i) refugee status within the meaning of Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU; or (ii) a status which offers the same rights and benefits under national and Union law as refugee status. Source Global context: Derived by EMN from the glossary of the UNHCR Resettlement Handbook EU context: Derived by EMN from Articles 3(1)(d) and 6(e) of Council Decision 573/2007/EC establishing the Refugee Fund Synonyms ★★ Programme refugee ★★ quota refugee ★★ resettled person Broader term ★★ refugee Related terms ★★ refugee in transit ★★ resettlement Notes 1. It is the UNHCR that, together with the relevant authorities in the State concerned, decides which refugees should be accepted; their refugee status is established by the UNHCR and accepted by the State in advance of entering the State. 2. In some cases, national authorities assess in addition as to whether the person concerned is a refugee. 3. There are different terms used in Member States depending on different legal concepts. In some Member States such refugees are accepted as part of a yearly resettlement programme. 4. IE uses the term ‘programme refugee’ in a wider context than ‘resettlement’ and defines in Section 24 of the Irish Refugee Act, 1996 as follows: ‘a person to whom leave to enter and remain in the State for temporary protection or resettlement as part of a group of persons has been given by the Government’. resettled refugee BG презаселен бежанец CS přesídlený uprchlík DE neuangesiedelter Flüchtling EL ES refugiado reasentado ET ümberasustatud pagulane FI uudelleensijoitettu pakolainen FR réfugié réinstallé GA dídeanaí athlonnaithe HU áttelepített menekült IT rifugiato reinsediato LT perkeltas pabėgėlis LV pārvietots bēglis MT rifuġjat(a) risistemat(a) NL programma voor uitgenodigde vluchtelingen (BE: programma voor hervestigde vluchteling) PL przesiedlony uchodźca PT RO refugiat relocat SK presídlená osoba / presídlený utečenec / presídlenec SL ponovno naseljeni begunec SV kvotflykting NO overføringsflyktning R 243 Definition In the global context, the selection and transfer of refugees from a state in which they have sought protection to a third state which has agreed to admit them as refugees with permanent residence status. In the EU context, the transfer, on a request from the UNHCR and based on their need for international protection, of a third-country national or stateless person, from a third country to a Member State, where they are permitted to reside with one of the following statuses: (i) refugee status within the meaning of Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU; or (ii) a status which offers the same rights and benefits under national and EU law as refugee status. Source Global context: glossary of the UNHCR Resettlement Handbook EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 3(1)(d) of Decision 573/2007/EC establishing the Refugee Fund Narrower term ★★ resettlement programme Related terms ★★ durable solutions ★★ refugee in transit ★★ relocation ★★ resettled refugee Notes 1. The status provided ensures protection against refoulement and provides a resettled refugee and their family or dependants with access to rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals. Resettlement also carries with it the opportunity to eventually become a naturalised citizen of the resettlement country. For this reason, resettlement is a durable solution as well as a tool for the protection of refugees. 2. This term should not be confused with ‘relocation’. resettlement BG презаселване CS přesídlení DE Neuansiedlung EL επανεγκατάστασης ES reasentamiento ET ümberasustamine FI uudelleensijoittaminen FR réinstallation GA athlonnú HU áttelepítés (letelepítés) IT reinsediamento LT perkėlimas LV pārvietošana MT Risistemazzjoni NL hervestiging PL przesiedlenie PT reinstalação RO relocare SK presídlenie / presídľovanie SL ponovna naselitev SV vidarebosättning NO gjenbosetting (b) / gjenbusetjing (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 244 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition In the global context, a coordinated activity undertaken in partnership with UNHCR and other NGOs that includes specific processes like the identification in the field of refugees in need of resettlement, to screening, processing, reception and integration. In the EU context, voluntary programmes by which Member States aim to provide international protection and durable solutions in their territories to refugees and displaced persons identified as eligible for resettlement by UNHCR, and which include actions that the Member States implement to assess the resettlement needs and transfer the persons concerned to their territories, with a view to granting them a secure legal status and to promoting their effective integration. Source Global context: Derived by EMN EU context: Derived by EMN from Recital 18 of Decision 573/2007/EC establishing the European Refugee Fund Broader term ★★ resettlement Related term ★★ durable solutions resettlement programme BG програма за презаселване CS přesídlovací program DE Neuansiedlungsprogramm EL πρόγραμμα μετεγκατάστασης ES programa de reasentamiento ET ümberasustamisprogramm FI uudelleensijoittamisohjelma FR programme de réinstallation GA clár athlonnaithe HU áttelepítési (letelepítési) program IT programma di reinsediamento LT perkėlimo programa LV pārvietošanas programma MT Programm ta’ risistemazzjoni NL hervestigingsprogramma PL Program Przesiedleń PT programa de reinstalação RO program de relocare SK presídľovací program / program presídľovania SL program ponovne naselitve SV program för vidarebosättning NO gjenbosettingsprogram (b) / gjenbusetjingsprogram (n) Definition A document issued by the authorities of a Member State authorising a third-country national to stay in its territory, including the documents substantiating the authorisation to remain in the territory under temporary protection arrangements or until the circumstances preventing a removal order from being carried out no longer apply, with the exception of visas and residence authorisations issued during the period required to determine the responsible Member State as established in Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) or during examination of an application for asylum or an application for a residence permit. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(l) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Narrower term ★★ residence permit Related term ★★ travel document residence document BG документ за пребиваване CS povolení k pobytu DE Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis) EL έγγραφο διαμονής ES documento de residencia ET elamisluba (dokument) FI oleskeluun oikeuttava asiakirja, oleskeluasiakirja (oleskelulupa) FR titre de séjour GA doiciméad cónaithe HU tartózkodásra jogosító okmány IT titolo di soggiorno LT teisę gyventi šalyje patvirtinantis dokumentas LV uzturēšanās dokuments MT Dokument ta’ residenza NL verblijfsdocument PL dokument pobytowy PT título de residência RO document de şedere SK doklad o pobyte SL dokument za prebivanje SV uppehållstillstånd NO oppholdsdokument (b) / opphaldsdokument (n) R 245 Definition Any authorisation issued by the authorities of an EU Member State allowing a non-EU national to stay legally in its territory, in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 265/2010 (Long Stay Visa Regulation). Source DG HOME e-Library Glossary Broader term ★★ residence document Narrower term ★★ single permit Related terms ★★ EU Blue Card ★★ work permit residence permit BG разрешение за пребиваване CS povolení k pobytu DE Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); Aufenthaltserlaubnis / Niederlassungserlaubnis (DE) EL άδεια διαμονής ES permiso de residencia ET elamisluba FI oleskelulupa FR permis de séjour GA cead cónaithe HU tartózkodási engedély IT permesso di soggiorno LT leidimas gyventi LV uzturēšanās atļauja MT Permess ta’ residenza NL verblijfsvergunning PL zezwolenie na pobyt PT autorização de residência RO permis de şedere SK povolenie na pobyt SL dovoljenje za prebivanje SV uppehållstillstånd NO oppholdstillatelse (b) / opphaldsløyve (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 246 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The movement of a person going from a host country back to a country of origin, country of nationality or habitual residence usually after spending a significant period of time in the host country whether voluntary or forced, assisted or spontaneous. Source Derived by EMN from the definitions of ‘return’ and ‘return migration’ in the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Synonym ★★ return migration Narrower terms ★★ compulsory return ★★ return programme ★★ voluntary return Related terms ★★ readmission agreement ★★ reintegration ★★ returnee Notes 1. The IOM definition covers all categories of return of migrants (return within the territorial boundaries of a country, as in the case of returning IDPs and demobilised combatants; or from a host country (either transit or destination) to the country of origin, as in the case of persons who have resided legally in a country, migrant workers, refugees, asylum seekers and qualified nationals; or the way the return is implemented, e.g. voluntary, forced, assisted and spontaneous return. It does not cover stays shorter than three months (such as holiday visits or business meetings and other visits typically considered to be for a period of time of less than three months). 2. In the context of Council Directive 2008/115/EU (Return Directive), ‘return’ as defined in Art. 3(3), is understood as return which occurs once a return decision has been issued. This glossary uses the term ‘compulsory return’ to describe ‘return’ as defined in the Return Directive. return BG връщане CS návrat DE Rückkehr EL επιστροφή ES retorno ET tagasipöördumine FI paluu(muutto), (pakko)palauttaminen FR retour GA filleadh HU hazatérés / visszatérés IT ritorno / rimpatrio LT grąžinimas LV atgriešana (EU acquis) / izraidīšana (national) MT Ritorn / Tluq lura NL terugkeer PL powrót PT retorno RO returnare SK návrat SL vrnitev SV återvändande NO retur R 247 Definition An administrative or judicial decision or act, stating or declaring the stay of a third-country national to be illegal and imposing or stating an obligation to return. Source Art. 3(4) of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonyms ★★ obligation to leave ★★ obligation to return Broader term ★★ removal Narrower term ★★ removal order Related terms ★★ expulsion decision ★★ enforcement measure ★★ voluntary departure Note For some Member States, a return decision and removal order may occur within one administrative or judicial act as provided for in their national legislation. return decision BG решение за връщане CS rozhodnutí o navrácení DE Rückkehrentscheidung (EU acquis) / Rückführungsentscheidung (DE) EL απόφαση επιστροφής ES resolución de expulsión ET lahkumisettekirjutus FI palauttamispäätös FR décision de retour GA cinneadh fillte HU országelhagyásra kötelező határozat = decision on obligation to leave; kiutasítást elrendelő határozat = expulsion decision IT decisione di ritorno LT sprendimas dėl grąžinimo LV atgriešanas lēmums (EU acquis) / izbraukšanas rīkojums / lēmums par piespiedu izraidīšanu (national) MT Deċiżjoni ta’ ritorn NL terugkeerbesluit PL decyzja o powrocie PT decisão de afastamento / notificação para abandono RO decizie de returnare SK rozhodnutie o návrate SL odločba o vrnitvi SV beslut om återvändande NO returvedtak A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 248 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Programme to support (e.g. financial, organisational, counselling) the return, possibly including reintegration measures, of a returnee by the State or by a third party, for example an international organisation. Source Developed by EMN Broader term ★★ return return programme BG програма за връщане CS návratový program DE Rückkehrprogramm EL προγράμματα επιστροφής ES programa de retorno voluntario ET tagasipöördumisprogramm FI palauttamisohjelma FR programme d’aide au retour GA clár fillte HU hazatérési program IT programma di ritorno LT grąžinimo programa LV atgriešanās programma MT Programm (t’assistenza / ta’għajnuna) għar-ritorn NL terugkeerprogramma PL programy powrotów PT programas de retorno RO program de returnare SK návratový program SL program vračanja / program vrnitve SV återvändandeprogram NO returprogram Definition A person going from a host country back to a country of origin, country of nationality or habitual residence usually after spending a significant period of time in the host country whether voluntary or forced, assisted or spontaneous. Source EMN: Assisted Return and Migration Study, 2011 Related term ★★ return Note The definition covers all categories of migrants (persons who have resided legally in a country as well as failed asylum seekers) and different ways the return is implemented (e.g. voluntary, forced, assisted and spontaneous). It does not cover stays shorter than three months (such as holiday visits or business meetings and other visits typically considered to be for a period of time of less than three months). returnee BG върнат CS navracený cizinec DE Rückkehrer EL επαναπατριζόμενος ES extranjero retornado ET tagasipöörduja FI paluumuuttaja / palaaja, (pakko)palautettava FR rapatrié GA imirceach fillteach HU hazatérő / visszatérő IT persona che compie ritorno LT grįžtantysis / grąžinamasis LV izraidāmais MT Migrant(a) ritornat(a) NL terugkeerder PL osoba powracająca PT retornado RO returnat SK navrátilec SL oseba, ki je predmet vračanja SV återvändare NO den personen som vender hjem (b) / den personen som vender heim (n) R 249 Definition The right of the State, in virtue of its territorial sovereignty and in the exercise of its discretion, to allow a non-national to enter and reside, and to resist the exercise of jurisdiction by any State over that individual. Source UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Synonym ★★ right to grant asylum Broader term ★★ asylum Related term ★★ right to asylum Notes 1. In someStatestherearenarroweror broadercriteriathanthatlaid down in the Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967. 2. The IOM uses a generic term, in two senses: the right to grant asylum (a State may grant asylum in its territory to any person at its own discretion) and the right to be granted asylum either vis-à-vis the State in whose territory asylum is requested, or vis‑à-vis the pursuing State. right of asylum BG право на убежище (от гледна точка на държавата, предоставяща закрила) CS právo azylu DE Recht, Asyl zu gewähren / Asylrecht (DE) EL δικαίωμα ασύλου ES derecho de asilo ET õigus varjupaigale FI turvapaikkaoikeus FR droit d’asile GA ceart tearmainn HU menedékjog IT diritto di asilo LT prieglobsčio suteikimo teisė LV patvēruma tiesības MT Dritt mogħti għall-ażil NL asielrecht (syn.: recht van asiel) PL prawo do udzielenia azylu PT direito ao asilo RO dreptul la azil SK právo udeliť azyl SL azilna pravica SV asylrätt NO rett til å gi beskyttelse / asyl (b) / rett til å gje vern / asyl (n) Definition The right to regularly reside in a given country, according to the migration law of that country. Source Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ right to reside Related term ★★ host country Note In the EU context, the right of residence for EU citizens is covered by Council Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive) which differentiates between the right of residence for up to three months (Art. 6) and the right of residence for more than three months (Art. 7). EEA and CH citizens enjoy the same rights as union citizens within the European area of free movement. right of residence BG право на пребиваване CS právo na pobyt DE Aufenthaltsrecht EL ES derecho de residencia ET elamisõigus FI oleskeluoikeus FR droit de séjour GA ceart cónaithe HU tartózkodási jog IT diritto di soggiorno LT teisė gyventi šalyje LV uzturēšanās tiesības MT Dritt għar-residenza NL verblijfsrecht PL prawo pobytu PT RO drept de şedere / rezidenţă SK právo zdržiavať sa v krajine / právo na pobyt v krajine SL pravica do prebivanja SV uppehållsrätt NO rett til opphold (b) / rett til opphald (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 250 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The right of a person to seek asylum, guaranteed with due respect by the rules of the Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 relating to the status of refugees and in accordance with the TFEU. Source Art. 18 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and Art. 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Synonym ★★ right to seek asylum Related term ★★ right of asylum Note Refugees have no enforceable right in conventional international law to be granted asylum by a State. It is contested whether customary international law has embraced the individual right to asylum. right to asylum BG право на убежище (от гледна точка на търсещия закрила) CS právo na azyl DE Recht auf Asyl EL ES derecho de asilo ET õigus varjupaika taotleda FI oikeus turvapaikkaan, turvapaikkaoikeus FR droit d’asile GA ceart ar thearmann HU menedékhez való jog IT diritto all’asilo LT teisė į prieglobstį LV tiesības uz patvērumu MT Dritt għall-ażil NL recht op asiel PL prawo do azylu PT RO dreptul la azil SK právo na azyl SL pravica do azila SV asylrätt NO rett til beskyttelse (b) / rett til vern (n) Definition A principle enshrined in Arts. 7, 9 and 33 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Source European Charter of Fundamental Rights Narrower term ★★ right to family unity Related terms ★★ chain migration ★★ family formation ★★ family reunification ★★ family migration Note There is a distinction between the right to family life and the right to family unity. The right to family life is a fundamental right enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family. right to family life BG право на семеен живот CS právo na rodinný život DE Recht auf Familienleben EL δικαιωμα στην οικογενειακή ζωή ES derecho a la vida en familia ET õigus pere(konna)elule FI oikeus perhe-elämään FR droit à la vie familiale GA ceart chun saol teaghlaigh HU családi élethez való jog IT diritto alla vita familiare LT teisė į šeimos gyvenimą LV tiesības uz ģimenes dzīvi MT Dritt għal ħajja f’familja NL recht op eerbiediging van familie- en gezinsleven (syn.: recht op familie- en gezinsleven) PL prawo do życia rodzinnego PT direito à unidade familiar RO dreptul la viaţă de familie SK právo na rodinný život SL pravica do družinskega življenja SV rätt till familjeliv NO rett til familieliv R 251 Definition In the context of a refugee, a right provisioned in Art. 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU and in Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/ EU obliging Member States to ensure that family unity can be maintained. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) Synonym ★★ principle of family unity Broader term ★★ right to family life Narrower term ★★ family reunification Related terms ★★ chain migration ★★ family formation ★★ family migration Note There is a distinction between the right to family unity and the right to family life. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family, in order to meet the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. right to family unity BG право на запазването на целостта на семейството CS právo na zachování celistvosti rodiny DE Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung des Familienverbandes EL δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ενότητα ES derecho a la unidad de la familia ET õigus perekonna ühtsusele FI oikeus perheen yhtenäisyyteen FR droit à l'unité familiale GA ceart chun aontacht teaghlaigh HU család egységéhez való jog IT diritto all’unità familiare LT teisė į šeimos vientisumą LV tiesības uz ģimenes vienotību MT Dritt għall-għaqda / għall-unità tal-familja NL recht op instandhouding van het (kern-)gezin (syn.: recht op eenheid van het gezin) PL prawo do jedności rodziny PT direito à unidade familiar RO dreptul la unitatea familiei SK právo na jednotu rodiny SL pravica do enotnosti družine SV rätt till familjesammanhållning NO rett til familiens enhet (b) / rett til familieeining (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 252 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The right of EU citizens and legally resident third-country nationals (in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community) to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 45 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights Synonym ★★ freedom of movement Narrower term ★★ intra-EU mobility Notes 1. The right to free movement is one of the basic rights of EU citizens which was initially one of the founding rights in the establishment of the European Union and enshrined in Art. 21(1) of TFEU; it has been developed by EU secondary legislation and the case law of the Court of Justice. 2. Free movement of workers also applies to the countries in the European Economic Area (IS, LI, NO) and to CH. 3. The provisions of the treaties in relation to freedom of movement apply in the same way to the ten Member States that joined the EU in 2004, BG and RO that joined in January 2007 and HR, which joined in July 2013. Some of the original EU Member States (before May 2004) apply transitional agreements that currently restrict freedom of movement to workers for a certain time period (see the description of freedom of movement on the European Citizens’ Information website). 4. Freedom of movement and residence are granted, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, only for certain categories of third-country nationals, i.e. long-term residents, highly-skilled workers, researchers and students. Whilst third-country nationals who hold a valid residence permit or visa have the right to move freely within the Schengen area for up to three months within a six-month period, the rights in relation to taking up residence for a period exceeding three months in another Member State is covered by specific legal instruments, depending on their status, and subject to conditions in national legislation. right to free movement BG право на свободно движение CS právo volného pohybu DE Recht auf Freizügigkeit EL ES derecho a la libre circulación ET vaba liikumise õigus FI oikeus liikkua vapaasti FR droit à la libre circulation GA ceart saorghluaiseachta HU szabad mozgáshoz való jog IT diritto di libera circolazione LT laisvo judėjimo teisė LV tiesības brīvi pārvietoties MT Dritt għal-libertà tal-moviment / għall‑moviment bla xkiel / għall-merħ ħieles NL recht op vrij verkeer PL prawo do swobodnego przepływu PT RO dreptul la liberă circulaţie SK právo na slobodný pohyb / právo na voľný pohyb SL pravica do prostega gibanja SV rätt till fri rörlighet NO rett til fri bevegelse (b) / rett til fri rørsle (n) R 253 Definition In the EU context, existence of reasons in an individual case which are based on objective criteria defined by law to believe that a third-country national who is subject to return procedures may abscond. Source Art. 3(7) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Broader term ★★ absconding Note This covers one type of absconding. risk of absconding BG опасност от укриване CS nebezpečí skrývání se DE Fluchtgefahr, Gefahr unterzutauchen EL κίνδυνος απόδρασης ES riesgo de fuga ET põgenemise (kõrvalehoidumise) oht FI pakenemisen vaara FR risque de fuite GA baol éalaithe HU szökés veszélye IT rischio di fuga LT pasislėpimo pavojus LV bēgšanas iespējamība MT Riskju / Biża’ ta’ ħarba / ħrib / kontumaċja NL risico op onderduiken PL ryzyko ucieczki PT perigo de fuga RO riscul de a se sustrage SK riziko úteku SL tveganje pobega SV risk för avvikande NO risiko for unndragelse (b) / risiko for unndraging (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 254 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Source Annex 1 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Broader term ★★ country of origin Narrower term ★★ concept of safe country of origin Related term ★★ safe third country Notes 1. According to Art. 37 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive), Member States may retain or introduce legislation that allows for the national designation of safe countries of origin for the purposes of examining applications for international protection. 2. According to the Protocol 29 of TFEU, EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of a Member State are normally not taken into consideration. 3. Member States shall regularly review the situation in third countries that are designated as safe countries of origin. 4. The assessment of whether a country is a safe country of origin shall be based on a range of sources of information, including in particular information from other Member States, EASO, UNHCR, the Council of Europe and other relevant international organisations. 5. According to Art. 36 of Directive 2013/32/EU, the ‘concept of safe country of origin’ means that a third country is – after an individual examination of the application – considered as a safe country of origin for a particular applicant only if: (a) they have the nationality of that country; or (b) they are a stateless person and were formerly habitually resident in that country, and they have not submitted any serious grounds for considering the country not to be a safe country of origin in their particular circumstances and in terms of their qualification as a beneficiary of international protection in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive). safe country of origin BG сигурна страна на произход CS bezpečná země původu DE sicherer Herkunftsstaat EL ασφαλής χώρα προέλευσης ES país de origen seguro ET turvaline päritoluriik (kolmas riik) FI turvallinen alkuperämaa FR pays d’origine sûr GA tír thionscnaimh atá sábháilte HU biztonságos származási ország IT paese di origine sicuro LT saugi kilmės valstybė LV droša izcelsmes valsts MT Pajjiż tal-oriġini sigur / bla perikli NL veilig land van herkomst PL bezpieczny kraj pochodzenia PT país de origem seguro RO ţara de origine sigură SK bezpečná krajina pôvodu SL varna izvorna država SV säkert ursprungsland NO trygt hjemland (b) / trygt heimland (n) Definition A country where, on the basis of the legal situation, the application of the law within a democratic system and the general political circumstances, it can be shown that there is generally and consistently no persecution as defined in Art. 9 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), no torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and no threat by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict. S 255 Definition A third country that treats a person seeking international protection in accordance with the following principles: (a) life and liberty are not threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; (b) there is no risk of serious harm as defined in Directive 2011/95/EU; (c) the principle of non-refoulement in accordance with the Geneva Convention of 1951 is respected; (d) the prohibition of removal, in violation of the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment as laid down in international law, is respected; and (e) the possibility exists to request refugee status and, if found to be a refugee, to receive protection in accordance with the Geneva Convention. Source Art. 38 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Broader term ★★ third country Related term ★★ safe country of origin safe third country BG сигурна трета страна CS bezpečná třetí země DE sicherer Drittstaat EL ασφαλής τρίτη χώρα ES tercer país seguro ET turvaline kolmas riik FI turvallinen kolmas maa FR pays tiers sûr GA tríú tír atá sábháilte HU biztonságos harmadik ország IT paese terzo sicuro LT saugi trečioji valstybė LV droša trešā valsts MT Pajjiż terz sigur / bla perikli NL veilig derde land PL bezpieczny kraj trzeci PT país terceiro seguro RO ţară / stat terţ(ă) sigură SK bezpečná tretia krajina SL varna tretja država SV säkert tredjeland NO trygt tredjeland A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 256 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition An agreement between some EU Member States and some neighbouring non-Member States to gradually remove controls at their common borders and introduce freedom of movement for all nationals of the signatory Member States, other Member States or third countries. Source Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis Related terms ★★ Schengen Borders Code ★★ Schengen Convention ★★ Schengen Information System Notes 1. The Schengen Agreement was signed on 14 June 1985 between BE, FR, DE, LU, NL. 2. The Agreement and the Convention, the rules adopted on that basis and the related agreements together form the ‘Schengen acquis’. Since 1999, this has formed part of the institutional and legal framework of the European Union by virtue of a protocol to the Treaty of Amsterdam. 3. The rules governing the movement of persons across borders are set out in Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code). 4. For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home- affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/ index_en.htm Schengen Agreement BG Шенгенско споразумение CS Schengenská dohoda DE Schengener Übereinkommen EL ES Acuerdo de Schengen ET Schengeni leping FI Schengenin sopimus FR accord de Schengen GA Comhaontú Schengen HU Schengeni Megállapodás IT Accordo di Schengen LT Šengeno susitarimas LV Šengenas nolīgums MT Ftehim (Il-) ta’ Schengen NL Schengenakkoord PL Układ z Schengen PT RO Acordul Schengen SK Schengenská dohoda SL Schengenski sporazum SV Schengenavtalet NO Schengen-avtalen S 257 Definition Legislation supplementing the Schengen Agreement and laying down the arrangements and safeguards for implementing freedom of movement. Source Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis Synonym ★★ Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement Related terms ★★ Schengen Agreement ★★ Schengen Borders Code ★★ Schengen Information System Schengen Convention BG Шенгенска конвенция CS Schengenská prováděcí úmluva DE Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommen EL ES Convenio de Schengen ET Schengeni konventsioon FI Schengenin yleissopimus FR convention de Schengen GA Coinbhinsiún Schengen HU Schengeni Egyezmény IT Convenzione di Schengen LT Šengeno konvencija LV Šengenas konvencija MT Kodiċi tal-Fruntieri / tal-Konfini ta’ Schengen NL Schengen Uitvoeringsovereenkomst PL Konwencja Wykonawcza do Układu z Schengen PT RO Convenţia Schengen SK Schengenský dohovor SL Schengenska konvencija SV Schengenkonventionen NO Schengen-konvensjonen Definition The rules governing border control of persons crossing the external EU borders of the Member States of the European Union. Source Derived by the EMN from Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) Related terms ★★ border control ★★ external EU border ★★ internal EU border ★★ irregular entry ★★ legal entry ★★ refusal of entry ★★ Schengen Agreement ★★ Schengen Convention ★★ Schengen Information System Schengen Borders Code BG Шенгенски граничен кодекс CS Schengenský hraniční kodex DE Schengener Grenzkodex EL κώδικαςσυνόρων του Σένγκεν ES Código de fronteras Schengen ET Schengeni piirieeskirjad FI Schengenin rajasäännöstö FR code frontières Schengen GA Cód Teorainneacha Schengen HU Schengeni határ-ellenőrzési kódex IT codice frontiere Schengen LT Šengeno sienų kodeksas LV Šengenas Robežu kodekss MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Schengen NL Schengengrenscode PL kodeks graniczny Schengen PT Código das Fronteiras Schengen RO SK Kódex schengenských hraníc SL Zakonik o schengenskih mejah SV kodex om Schengengränserna NO Schengen-regelverket A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 258 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A joint information system that enables the relevant authorities in each Member State, by means of an automated search procedure, to have access to alerts on persons and property for the purposes of border checks and other police and customs checks carried out within the country in accordance with national law and, for some specific categories of alerts (Art. 96), for the purposes of issuing visas, residence permits and the administration of legislation on aliens in the context of the application of the provisions of the Schengen Convention relating to the movement of persons. Source Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis Synonyms ★★ second-generation Schengen Information System ★★ SIS ★★ SIS II Related terms ★★ Schengen Agreement ★★ Schengen Convention ★★ Schengen Borders Code Note The second-generation Schengen Information System (SIS II) was launched in April 2013 with enhanced functionalities, such as the possibility to use biometrics, new types of alerts, the possibility to link different alerts (such as an alert on a person and a vehicle) and a facility for direct queries on the system. SIS II also contains copies of European arrest warrants (EAW), which are recognised as having the same legal value as the originals, making it easier and quicker for the competent authorities to ensure the necessary follow-up. For more information, see the DG Home e-Library Glossary. Schengen Information System BG Шенгенска информационна система CS Schengenský informační systém DE Schengener Informationssystem EL ES Sistema de Información de Schengen ET Schengeni infosüsteem FI Schengenin tietojärjestelmä FR Système d’information Schengen GA Córas Faisnéise Schengen HU Schengeni Információs Rendszer IT Sistema di Informazione Schengen LT Šengeno informacinė sistema LV Šengenas informācijas sistēma MT Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni Schengen NL Schengeninformatiesysteem PL System Informacji Schengen PT Sistema de Informação de Schengen RO Sistemul de Informaţii Schengen SK Schengenský informačný systém SL Schengenski informacijski sistem SV Schengens informationssystem NO Schengen informasjonssystem S 259 Definition In the EU migration context, a third-country national admitted to the territory of a Member State to follow a recognised programme of secondary education in the context of an exchange scheme operated by an organisation recognised for that purpose by the Member State in accordance with its national legislation or administrative practice. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Directive) and Art. 3(d) of Proposal for a Directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing, COM(2013) 151 final Related terms ★★ researcher ★★ student Note On 25 March 2013, the European Commission published a proposal of the Council Directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing (Recast Students Directive, COM(2013) 151 final) which maintains the definition of the original version. school pupil BG ученик CS žák DE Schüler EL μαθητής ES escolar ET kooliõpilane FI oppilas FR élève GA dalta scoile HU tanuló IT alunno LT mokinys LV skolēns MT Tifel (Tifla) tal-iskola NL scholier PL uczeń PT aluno RO elev SK žiak SL učenec / šolar SV elev NO skoleelev (b) / skuleelev (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 260 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A third-country national who retains their principal place of residence in a third country and stays legally and temporarily in the territory of a Member State to carry out an activity dependent on the passing of the seasons, under one or more fixed-term work contracts concluded directly between that third-country national and the employer established in that Member State. Source Art. 3 of Directive 2014/36/EU (Seasonal Workers’ Directive) Synonyms ★★ seasonal migrant ★★ seasonal worker migrant Related terms ★★ circular migration ★★ contract migrant worker Note This term is specifically referring to a third-country national, although it is known that other types of seasonal workers exist, e.g. for nationals within the same country, as well as intra-EU seasonal workers. seasonal worker BG сезонен работник CS sezónní pracovník DE Saisonarbeiter EL εποχικός μετανάστης ES trabajador de temporada extranjero ET hooajaline (võõr)töötaja FI kausityöntekijä FR travailleur saisonnier GA oibrí séasúrach HU szezonális munkavállaló migráns IT lavoratore stagionale LT sezoninis darbuotojas LV sezonas strādnieks MT Ħaddiem staġjonali / tal-istaġun NL buitenlandse seizoensarbeider PL migrant (pracownik sezonowy) PT migrante trabalhador sasonal RO lucrător / muncitor sezonier SK sezónny zamestnanec / sezónny pracovník SL sezonski delavec SV säsongsarbetare NO sesongarbeider (b) / sesongarbeidar (n) S 261 Definition A person who was born in and is residing in a country that at least one of their parents previously entered as a migrant. Source Developed by EMN Synonym ★★ second-generation immigrant Broader term ★★ person with a migratory background Related terms ★★ first-generation migrant ★★ third-generation migrant Notes 1. This term is not defined in legislation but has a more sociological context; a broad definition encompassing the concept of a ‘second-generation migrant’ has been used. 2. Strictly this term does not relate to a migrant, since the person concerned has not undertaken a migration, but the term is included as it is commonly used in publications and the media. 3. According to the Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing, the group referred to as ‘secondgeneration’ is generally restricted to those persons whose parents were born abroad, whereas those persons having one parent born in the country and the other one born abroad represent a special case (they form the group of persons with a mixed background). As explained in 1. above, a broader definition was considered more appropriate for the work of the EMN. second-generation migrant BG второ поколение мигрант CS migrant druhé generace DE Migrant der zweiten Generation EL ES inmigrante de segunda generación ET teise põlvkonna sisserändaja FI toisen polven maahanmuuttaja FR migrant de la deuxième génération GA imirceach den dara glúin HU Migráns (második generációs) IT migrante di seconda generazione LT antros kartos migrantas LV otrās paaudzes migrants MT Migrant(a) tat-ieni ġenerazzjoni NL tweedegeneratie allochtoon (syn: tweedegeneratiemigrant) PL migrant drugiego pokolenia PT Migrante de segunda geração RO migrant (a doua generaţie) SK migrant [z] druhej generácie SL migrant druge generacije SV andra generationens invandrare NO person med to innvandrerforeldre (b) / person med to innvandrarforeldre (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 262 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The phenomenon of migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, who for different reasons move from the country in which they first arrived to seek protection or permanent resettlement elsewhere. Source Derived by EMN from UNHCR Executive Committee (ExCom) Conclusion No 58 (1989) Synonyms ★★ irregular secondary movement of migrants ★★ secondary migrant ★★ secondary movement of asylum seekers and refugees Broader term ★★ irregular migration Narrower term ★★ asylum shopping Note This movement is without the prior consent of the national authorities, without an entry visa, or with no or insufficient documentation normally required for travel purposes, or with false or fraudulent documentation. secondary movement of migrants BG вторично движение на мигранти CS druhotný pohyb migrantů DE Sekundärmigration EL ES movimientos migratoris secundarios ET sisserändajate teisene (riikidevaheline) liikumine FI maahanmuuttajien toissijainen siirtyminen FR mouvement secondaire de migrants GA athghluaiseacht imirceach HU másodlagos migrációs mozgás IT movimento secondario di migranti LT migrantų pakartotinis judėjimas LV migrantu tālāka pārvietošanās MT Moviment sekondarju ta’ migranti NL secundaire migratiestroom PL wtórny przepływ migrantów PT RO mişcare secundară a migranţilor SK sekundárny pohyb migrantov SL sekundarno gibanje migrantov SV sekundär migration NO sekundærflytting S 263 Definition The act by which a (natural or legal) person separates other persons on the basis of race, colour, language, religion, nationality or national or ethnic origin without an objective and reasonable justification. Source European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI): General Policy Recommendation No 7: National legislation to combat racism and racial discrimination Broader term ★★ discrimination segregation BG сегрегация CS segregace DE Segregation EL ES segregación ET eraldamine FI segregaatio FR ségrégation GA deighilt (agus deighilt ar bhonn cine, reiligiúin, srl dá dteastódh sé) HU szegregáció IT segregazione LT segregacija LV segregācija MT Segregazzjoni / Twarrib NL segregatie PL segregacja PT RO segregare SK segregácia SL segregacija / izločevanje SV segregation NO segregering Definition A person who is the sole or joint owner of the unincorporated enterprise (one that has not been incorporated, i.e. formed into a legal corporation) in which they work, unless they are also in paid employment which is their main activity. (In that case, they are considered to be employees.) Source Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database Related terms ★★ employee ★★ employer Note According to ILO’s ICSE-93, self-employment jobs are those jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential for profits) derived from the goods and services produced (where own consumption is considered to be part of the profits). The incumbents make the operational decisions affecting the enterprise, or delegate such decisions while retaining responsibility for the welfare of the enterprise. (In this context, ‘enterprise’ includes one-person operations.) self-employed person BG самонаето лице CS osoba samostatně výdělečně činná (OSVČ) DE Selbstständiger, selbstständig erwerbstätige Person (LU) EL ES trabajador por cuanta propia ET füüsilisest isikust ettevõtja FI itsenäinen ammatinharjoittaja FR travailleur indépendant GA duine féinfhostaithe HU önfoglalkoztatott személy IT lavoratore autonomo LT savarankiškai dirbantis asmuo LV pašnodarbināta persona MT Persuna taħdem għal rasha NL zelfstandige PL osoba samozatrudniona PT RO asociat SK samostatne zárobkovo činná osoba / SZČO SL samozaposlena oseba SV egenföretagare NO selvstendig sysselsatt (b) / sjølvstendig sysselsett (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 264 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A child under 18 years of age who is outside their country of origin and separated from both parents or their previous legal / customary primary caregiver. Source Art. 8 of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No 6 and FRA: Study on separated, asylum seeking children in EU Member States, 2010 Narrower term ★★ unaccompanied minor Notes 1. This definition covers both third-country-national and EUnational children. 2. A child may be totally alone while another may be living with extended family members. All such children are separated children and entitled to international protection under a broad range of international and regional instruments. separated child BG no translation CS nezletilý bez doprovodu DE alleinstehendes Kind EL παιδί (αποχωρισμένο από την οικογένεια) ES menor separado ET vanematest eraldatud laps FI huoltajasta erilleen joutunut lapsi FR enfant séparé GA páiste dealaithe HU kísérő nélküli kiskorú IT minore separato LT atskirtas nuo tėvų vaikas LV bez vecāku vai aizbildņu gādības palicis bērns MT Tifel /Tifla mifrud(a) // separat(a) NL alleenstaand kind PL małoletni bez opieki PT criança separada RO minor neînsoţit / separat SK odlúčené dieťa SL otrok brez spremstva SV separerade barn NO enslig barn (b) / einsleg barn (n) Definition Harm consisting of (a) the death penalty or execution; or (b) torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of an applicant in the country of origin; or (c) serious and individual threat to a civilian’s life or person by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict. Source Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Narrower term ★★ real risk of suffering serious harm Related terms ★★ persecution ★★ torture serious harm BG тежки посегателства CS vážná újma DE ernsthafter Schaden EL ES daños graves ET tõsine oht / kahju FI vakava haitta FR atteinte grave GA díobháil thromchúiseach HU súlyos veszély IT danno grave LT didelė žala LV smags kaitējums MT Dannu(-i) serju(-i) NL ernstige schade PL poważna krzywda PT ofensas graves RO vătămare gravă SK vážne bezprávie SL resna škoda SV allvarlig skada NO alvorlig skade (b) / alvorleg skade (n) S 265 Definition The biological characteristics of a person, predominantly female or male. Source Derived by EMN from UN Woman website and EuropeAid Glossary of gender and development terms Related term ★★ gender sex BG пол CS pohlaví DE biologisches Geschlecht EL ES sexo ET sugu FI sukupuoli FR sexe GA gnéas HU (biológiai) nem IT sesso LT lytis LV dzimums MT Sess NL sekse, geslacht (syn.) PL płeć PT sexo RO sex SK pohlavie SL spol SV kön NO kjønn Definition A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least three months but less than a year (12 months) except in cases where the movement to that country is for purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. Source Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration and OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Broader term ★★ migrant Related terms ★★ emigrant ★★ immigrant ★★ long-term migrant ★★ temporary migration Note For purposes of international migration statistics, the country of usual residence of short-term migrants is considered to be the country of destination during the period they spend in it. short-term migrant BG краткосрочен мигрант CS krátkodobý migrant DE kurzfristig aufhältiger Migrant / Kurzzeit-Migrant / temporärer Migrant EL προσωρινός / μικρής διάρκειας μετανάστης ES persona migrante de carácter temporal ET lühiajaline sisserändaja FI tilapäiseksi ajaksi muuttava henkilö FR migrant de courte durée GA imirceach gearrthréimhseach HU this term is not used, IT migrante di breve termine LT trumpalaikis migrantas LV īstermiņa migrants MT Migrant(a) għal żmien qasir / għal ftit żmien NL kortverblijvende migrant (syn.: kortdurige migrant) PL migrant krótkookresowy PT migrante de curta duração RO migrant pe termen scurt SK krátkodobý migrant SL migrant za krajše obdobje SV korttidsmigrant NO migrant med kortvarig opphold (b) / migrant med kortvarig opphald (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 266 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Movement of individuals who change their country of usual residence for a period of at least three months but less than a year (12 months) except in cases where the movement to that country is for purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. Source Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration and OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms Broader term ★★ migration Related terms ★★ long-term migration ★★ temporary migration short-term migration BG краткосрочна миграция CS krátkodobá migrace DE kurzfristige Migration / Kurzzeit-Migration EL ES migración de corta duración ET lühiajaline sisseränne FI lyhytaikainen maahanmuutto FR migration de courte durée GA imirce ghearrthréimhseach HU rövid-távú migráció IT migrazione di breve termine LT trumpalaikė migracija LV īstermiņa migrācija MT Viża għal żjara / waqfa qasira // Viża għal ftit taż‑żmien NL korte-termijnmigratie PL migracja krótkookresowa PT RO migraţie pe termen scurt SK krátkodobá migrácia SL migracija za krajše obdobje SV korttidsmigration NO korttidsmigrasjon Definition The authorisation or decision of a Member State with a view to transit through or an intended stay on the territory of one or more or all the Member States of a duration of no more than 90 days in any 180-day period. Source Art. 2(2) of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 (Visa Code Regulation) and Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Synonyms ★★ short-term visa ★★ transit visa Broader term ★★ visa Related terms ★★ airport transit visa ★★ long-stay visa short-stay visa BG виза за краткосрочно пребиваване CS krátkodobé vízum DE Visum für den kurzfristigen Aufenthalt EL θεώρηση για διαμονή σύντομης διαρκείας ES visado para estancia de corta duración ET lühiajaline viisa FI lyhytaikainen viisumi FR visa de court séjour GA víosa gearrchuairte HU rövid távú tartózkodásra jogosító vízum IT visto per soggiorno di breve durata LT trumpalaikė viza LV īstermiņa vīza MT Migrazzjoni għal perjodu qasir NL visum voor kort verblijf PL wiza krótkoterminowa PT visto de curta duração RO viză de scurtă şedere SK krátkodobé vízum SL vizum za kratkoročno prebivanje SV visering för kortare vistelse NO besøksvisum S 267 Definition A procedure leading, on the basis of a single application made by a third-country national, or by their employer, for the authorisation of residence and work in the territory of a Member State, to a decision ruling on that application for the single permit. Source Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive) Related term ★★ single permit single application procedure BG единна процедура за кандидатстване CS jednotný postup vyřizování žádostí DE einheitliches Antragsverfahren EL ενιαία διαδικασία υποβολής αίτησης ES procedimiento único de solicitud ET ühtne taotlemismenetlus FI yhden hakemuksen menettely FR procédure de demande unique GA nós imeachta aoniarratais HU összevont kérelmezési eljárás IT procedura unica di domanda LT viena prašymų pateikimo procedūra LV vienota pieteikšanās procedūra MT Proċedura ta’ applikazzjoni / talba waħda għal kull persuna NL één enkele aanvraagprocedure PL procedura jednolitego wniosku PT procedimento de pedido único RO Procedură unică SK jednotný postup vybavovania žiadostí SL enotni postopek za obravnavanje vloge SV ett enda ansökningsförfarande NO samlet prosedyre om opphold og arbeid (b) / samla prosedyre om opphald og arbeid (n) Definition A residence permit issued by the authorities of a Member State after a single application procedure allowing a third-country national to reside legally in its territory for the purpose of work. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive) Broader term ★★ residence permit Related term ★★ single application procedure Note A single permit is a combined title encompassing both residence and work permits within a single administrative act based on a common set of rights for third-country workers legally residing in a Member State. single permit BG единно разрешение CS jednotné povolení DE kombinierte Erlaubnis EL ενιαία άδεια ES permiso único ET ühtne luba FI yhdistelmälupa FR permis unique GA ceadúnas aoniarratais HU összevont engedély IT permesso unico LT vienas leidimas LV vienota atļauja MT Permess għal persuna waħda NL gecombineerde vergunning PL jednolite zezwolenie PT autorização única RO permis unic SK jednotné povolenie na pobyt a zamestnanie SL enotno dovoljenje SV kombinerat tillstånd NO samlet tillatelse (b) / samla løyve (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 268 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the irregular entry of a person into a Member State of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident. Source Art. 3 of UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime Note The UN Protocol was approved by Council Decision 2006/616/EC. smuggling of migrants BG контрабанда на мигранти CS pašování migrantů DE Schleusung von Migranten EL λαθρεμπόριο μεταναστών ES tráfico de inmigrantes ET sisserändajate ebaseaduslik üle piiri toimetamine FI maahanmuuttajien salakuljettaminen FR trafic d’êtres humains GA smuigleáil imirceach HU embercsempészés IT traffico di migranti LT neteisėtas migrantų gabenimas LV migrantu kontrabanda MT Ku(n)trabandu ta’ migranti NL mensensmokkel PL przemyt migrantów PT auxílio à imigração ilegal RO contabandă cu migranţi SK prevádzačstvo migrantov SL tihotapljanje migrantov SV smuggling av migranter NO menneskesmugling Definition In the EU context, a situation whereby a person is prevented (or excluded) from contributing to and benefiting from economic and social progress. Source Developed by EMN from the website of the European Commission, DG Employment and Social Affairs Related term ★★ social inclusion social exclusion BG социално изключване CS sociální vyloučení DE soziale Ausgrenzung EL κοινωνικός αποκλεισμός ES exclusión social ET sotsiaalne tõrjutus FI sosiaalinen syrjäytyminen FR exclusion sociale GA eisiamh sóisialta HU társadalmi kirekesztés IT esclusione sociale LT socialinė atskirtis LV sociālā atstumtība MT Tisbita / Tbarrija soċjali / dumping soċjali NL sociale uitsluiting PL wykluczenie społeczne PT exclusão social RO excludere socială SK sociálne vylúčenie / sociálna exklúzia SL socialna izključenost SV social utestängning NO sosial eksklusjon / sosial ekskludering S 269 Definition The practice whereby workers are given pay and / or working and living conditions which are sub-standard compared to those specified by law or collective agreements in the relevant labour market, or otherwise prevalent there. Source Derived by EMN from the Norwegian Regulations regarding workers from the new EU Member States Narrower term ★★ wage dumping Notes 1. There is no clear, universally accepted definition of social dumping. 2. In the EU context, this practice usually refers to EU / EFTA and third-country nationals. social dumping BG социален дъмпинг CS sociální dumping DE Sozialdumping EL ES dumping social ET sotsiaalne dumping FI sosiaalinen polkumyynti FR dumping social GA dumpáil shóisialta (níor aistríodh an coincheap i dteangacha eile), coinníolacha oibre faoi bhun an chaighdeáin HU szociális dömping IT dumping sociale LT socialinis dempingas LV sociālais dempings MT Esklużjoni soċjali NL sociale dumping PL dumping socjalny PT RO dumping social SK sociálny damping / sociálny dumping SL socialni damping SV social dumpning NO sosial dumping Definition In the EU context, a framework for national strategy development, as well as for policy coordination between the Member States, on issues relating to tackling poverty and social exclusion. Source Derived by EMN from DG Employment and Social Affairs Related term ★★ social exclusion social inclusion BG социално включване CS sociální začlenení DE soziale Eingliederung EL not used ES inclusión social ET sotsiaalne kaasatus FI sosiaalinen osallisuus FR inclusion sociale GA cuimsiú sóisialta HU társadalmi befogadás IT inclusione sociale LT socialinė įtrauktis LV sociālā iekļaušana MT Inklużjoni soċjali NL sociale insluiting PL włączenie społeczne PT inclusão social RO includere socială SK sociálne začlenenie / sociálna inklúzia SL socialna vključenost SV social integration NO sosial inkludering A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 270 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Transfers, in cash or in kind, by social protection schemes to households and individuals to relieve them of the burden of one or more of the risks defined in the European Commission’s Mutual Information System on Social Protection. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2 of Council Regulation (EC) No 458/2007 (ESSPROS Regulation) and European Commission’s Mutual Information System on Social Protection (MISSOC) Narrower term ★★ access to healthcare Note The European Commission’s Mutual Information System on Social Protection uses the following categorisation of 11 groups or branches dedicated to specific risks: -- healthcare, -- sickness cash benefits, -- maternity and paternity benefits, -- invalidity benefits, -- old-age pensions and benefits, -- survivors’ benefits, -- benefits in respect of accidents at work and occupational diseases, -- family benefits, -- unemployment benefits, -- guaranteed minimum resources, -- long-term care benefits. social protection benefits BG обезщетения за социална закрила CS dávky sociální ochrany DE Sozialschutzleistungen EL ES prestaciones de asistencia social ET sotsiaalse kaitse hüvitised FI sosiaalietuudet, sosiaaliturvaetuudet FR prestations de protection sociale GA sochair choimirce sóisialta HU szociális védelmi juttatások IT prestazione di protezione sociale LT socialinės išmokos LV sociālās drošības sistēmas pabalsti MT Benefiċċji ta’ protezzjoni soċjali NL sociale uitkeringen PL zasiłki z opieki społecznej PT RO beneficii ale protecţiei sociale SK dávky sociálnej ochrany (EU acquis) / sociálna pomoc (national law) SL ugodnosti socialnega varstva SV sociala förmåner NO ytelser knyttet til sosial sikkerhet (b) / ytingar knytte til sosial tryggleik (n) S 271 Definition A right to which every member of society is entitled to realise through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organisation and resources of each state, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for their dignity and the free development of their personality. Source Art. 22 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights Note According to this concept, everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and of their families, including food, clothing, housing and medical care, and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond their control (Art. 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). social security BG социлно осигуряване CS sociální zabezpeční DE soziale Sicherheit EL ES seguridad social ET sotsiaalkindlustus FI sosiaaliturva FR sécurité sociale GA slándáil shóisialta HU társadalombiztosítás IT sicurezza sociale LT socialinė apsauga LV sociālais nodrošinājums MT Sigurtà soċjali NL maatschappelijke zekerheid PL zabezpieczenie socjalne PT RO securitate socială SK sociálne zabezpečenie SL socialna varnost SV social trygghet NO trygd Definition In the global context, a person or entity which undertakes a (legal, financial or personal) engagement, promise or pledge, on behalf of another. In the EU context of family reunification, a third-country national residing lawfully in a Member State and applying, or whose family members apply, for family reunification to be joined with them. Source General context: developed by EMN EU context: Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) Related terms ★★ dependant ★★ family member sponsor BG спонсор CS osoba usilující o sloučení rodiny / nositel právna na sloučení rodiny DE Zusammenführender / Sponsor EL συντηρών ES reagrupante ET sponsor FI perheenkokoaja FR regroupant GA urraitheoir HU családegyesítő (note: a sponsor only in context of family reunification) IT sponsor LT globėjas LV galvotājs / garantētājs MT Garanti / Sponsor NL gezinshereniger (NL syn.: referent, hoofdpersoon) PL sponsor PT requerente do reagrupamento familiar RO sponsor SK garant SL sponzor / pokrovitelj SV referensperson NO referanseperson / sponsor A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 272 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The movement of a person or a group of persons who initiate and proceed with their migration plans without any outside assistance. Source IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Broader term ★★ migration Related term ★★ immigration programme Notes 1. Spontaneous migration is usually caused by push-pull factors and is characterised by the lack of state assistance or any other type of international or national assistance. 2. The term is not in common use. spontaneous migration BG no translation CS spontánní migrace DE spontane Migration EL προσωρινή μετανάστευση ES migración espontánea ET spontaanne ränne FI spontaani / oma-aloitteinen maahanmuutto FR migration spontanée GA imirce spontáineach HU spontán migráció IT migrazione spontanea LT spontaniška migracija LV spontāna migrācija MT Migrazzjoni spontanja NL spontane migratie PL spontaniczna migracja PT migração espontânea RO migraţie spontană SK spontánna migrácia SL spontana migracija SV spontan migration NO spontan migrasjon Definition Person who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law. Source Art. 1 of UN Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons Note The definition also includes a person whose nationality is not established. stateless person BG лице без гражданство CS osoba bez státní příslušnosti / bezdomovec DE Staatenloser EL ανιθαγενής ES apátrida ET kodakondsuseta isik FI kansalaisuudeton FR apatride GA duine gan stát HU hontalan IT apolide LT asmuo be pilietybės LV bezvalstnieks MT Persuna apolida / bla stat NL staatloze PL bezpaństwowiec PT apátrida RO apatrid SK osoba bez štátneho občianstva / osoba bez štátnej príslušnosti SL apatrid / oseba brez državljanstva SV statslös NO statsløs person (b) / statslaus person (n) S 273 Definition Person considered to be a refugee (according to the criteria of Art. 1A(I) of the Geneva Convention of 1951) under the provision of the international instruments preceding the Geneva Convention of 1951 or a person who has been recognised as a refugee by the former International Refugee Organisation during the period of its activities. Source Derived by EMN from the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology Notes 1. These instruments are: the Arrangements with regard to Russian and Armenian Refugees of 12 May 1926, the Arrangement with regard to Turkish and Assyrian Refugees of 30 June 1928, the Conventions of 28 October 1933 and 10 February 1938, the Protocol of 14 September 1939 and the Constitution of the International Refugee Organisation. 2. This type of status is normally no longer granted, although the term is still used by the UNHCR in its activities. statutory refugee BG no translation CS uprchlík DE statutärer Flüchtling EL πρόσφυγας σύμφωνα με το νόμο ES refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores a la Convención de 1951 ET statuudipagulane FI pakolaisaseman saanut henkilö / sääntömääräinen pakolainen FR réfugié statutaire GA dídeanaí de réir reachta HU történelmi menekült IT rifugiato titolare dello status prima della Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 LT pabėgėlis pagal susitarimus LV [Ženēvas konvencijas] statūtbēglis MT Rifuġjat(a) statutarju(-a) NL erkende vluchteling (syn.: verdragsvluchteling) PL uchodźca statutowy PT refugiados estatutários RO refugiat statutar SK štatutárny utečenec SL statusni begunec SV konventionsflykting NO statuttflyktning A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 274 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A five-year political, strategic document describing the focus of cooperation in the policy areas of justice and home affairs of the Member States of the European Union for the years 2010 to 2014. Source Communication on an area of freedom, security and justice serving the citizen (Stockholm Programme), COM(2009) 262 Notes 1. The Stockholm Programme is the third programme in this area. The first programme was adopted in 1999 in Tampere. The second programme, the Hague Programme, was adopted in 2004 and expired in December 2009. 2. The Programme contains guidelines for common politics on the topics of protection of fundamental rights, privacy, minority rights and the rights of groups of people in need of special protection, as well as citizenship of the European Union. The programme also outlined plans for measures in the area of border-crossing data exchange between State authorities and surveillance of the Internet. The Programme’s work programme also attaches great importance to how the EU should work to guarantee respect for fundamental freedoms and privacy, while guaranteeing security in Europe. Chapter 5 specifically outlines the priorities in migration and asylum matters ( based on the principles and objectives of the Pact on Immigration and Asylum). It underlines that solidarity is an important objective of a common immigration and asylum policy and that the EU should provide support to Member States most exposed to migratory pressures. 3. For more information, see the Communication on the Stockholm Programme. Stockholm Programme BG Стокхолмска програма CS počet cizinců - stav k DE Stockholmer Programm EL ES ET Stockholmi programm FI Tukholman ohjelma FR Programme de Stockholm GA Clár Stócólm HU Stockholmi Program IT Programma di Stoccolma LT užsieniečių skaičius LV Stokholmas programma MT Rendikont tal-barranin NL Programma van Stockholm PL Program Sztokholmski PT RO SK Štokholmský program SL Stockholmski program SV Stockholmsprogrammet NO Stockholm-programmet S 275 Definition The number of foreign nationals in a given area on a certain date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year in question. Source Developed by EMN Broader term ★★ foreign population of a country Narrower term ★★ migrant stock Related term ★★ population stock Notes 1. The term is added because of the two methods used to calculate population stock. 2. Foreign stock can include migrants plus those born in a given area to foreign parents living in given area. stock of foreigners BG брой на чуждите граждани CS Stockholmský program DE Bestand der ausländischen Wohnbevölkerung EL ES Programa de Estocolmo ET välisriigi kodanike arv kindlal territooriumil, teatud aja seisuga FI ulkomaalaisvästön määrä FR stock d’étrangers GA líon eachtrannach HU IT stock di popolazione straniera LT Stokholmo programa LV ārzemnieku skaits (1.janvārī) MT Programm (Il-) ta’ Stokkolma NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit PL populacja cudzoziemców w danym momencie PT RO SK počet cudzincov / stav cudzincov SL število tujcev / „zaloga“ tujecv SV antal utländska medborgare NO antall utenlandske borgere (b) / tal på utanlandske borgarar (n) Definition A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has been unintentionally forced to stay in a country. Source Developed by EMN Notes 1. There is no legal definition of the term ‘stranded migrant’; however, the term has been used by academics and organisations such as IOM since 2006. 2. According to UNESCO, migrants may become stranded due to circumstances in the country of origin, a position of prolonged detention or practical difficulties. Stranded migrants may be individuals whose claim for refugee status has been rejected. 3. For further information, see UNESCO’s People on the Move Handbook: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001636/ 163621e.pdf stranded migrant BG no translation CS cizinec, kterému brání ve vycestování překážka na jeho vůli nezávislá DE gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT,DE, LU) EL ES migrante desamparado ET juhusisserändaja (no usual translation) FI maahan jäämään joutunut siirtolainen / No usual translation FR migrant en détresse GA imirceach sáinnithe HU megfeneklett migránsok IT migrante bloccato LT migrantas, atsidūręs sunkioje padėtyje LV grūtā stāvoklī nonācis migrants MT Migrant(a) imwaħħal (imwaħħla) fil-post NL gestrande migrant PL migrant przymusowy PT RO migrant forţat să rămână pe teritoriu SK uviaznutý migrant SL ujeti migrant / nasedli migrant SV strandad migrant NO migrant med påtvunget opphold (b) / migrant med påtvinga opphald (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 276 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A forum for the exchange of information amongst the Member States, consisting of senior officials in the fields of asylum, immigration and frontiers, which aims to implement a European Union strategic approach to matters related to asylum, immigration and frontiers. Source Note from the President of the EU Council to SCIFA, Document 17476/10 Synonym ★★ SCIFA Related term ★★ High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration Notes 1. SCIFA was set up as part of a new working structure to prepare the Council’s discussions with regard to immigration, frontiers and asylum. SCIFA focuses on in-depth discussions on issues of a more strategic nature, such as politically important issues and issues of a horizontal or cross-cutting character to deal with questions arising from Articles 62, 63 and 64 of the Treaty of the European Community (TEC) with a view to synthesising and, where necessary, solving them and to give substantive input to Coreper’s discussions. SCIFA provides its conclusions to Coreper, after which they are considered by the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Council. 2. SCIFA can create Working Parties (e.g. Working Party on Migration and Expulsion) to consider in detail the specific proposals tabled by the European Commission. These Working Parties report on their outcomes to SCIFA. Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum BG Стратегически комитет по имиграция, граници и убежище CS Strategický výbor pro přistěhovalectví, hranice a azyl DE Strategisches Komitee für Einwanderungs-, Grenz- und Asylfragen EL Στρατηγική Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση, τα Σύνορα και το Άσυλο ES Comité Estratégico de Inmigración, Fronteras y Asilo ET Rände-, piiri- ja varjupaigateema strateegiakomitee FI Maahanmuutto-, raja- ja turvapaikka-asioiden strateginen komitea FR Comité stratégique sur l’immigration, les frontières et l’asile GA an Coiste Straitéiseach um Inimirce, Teorainneacha agus Tearmann HU Bevándorlással, Határokkal és Menekültüggyel Foglalkozó Stratégiai Bizottság IT Comitato Strategico in materia di Immigrazione, Frontiere e Asilo LT Imigracijos, sienų ir prieglobsčio strateginis komitetas LV Imigrācijas, robežu un patvēruma jautājumu stratēģiskā komiteja MT Kumitat Strateġiku dwar l-Immigrazzjoni, il‑Fruntieri u l-Ażil NL Strategisch Comité immigratie, grenzen en asiel PL Strategiczny Komitet ds. Imigracji, Granic i Azylu PT Comité Estratégico Imigração, Fronteiras e Asilo RO Comitetul Strategic pentru Imigraţie, Frontiere şi Azil SK Strategický výbor pre prisťahovalectvo, hranice a azyl SL Strateški odbor za priseljevanje, meje in azil SV Strategiska kommittén för invandring, gränser och asyl NO Strategikomité for innvandrings-, grense- og asylspørsmål S 277 Definition In the EU migration context, a third-country national accepted by an establishment of higher education and admitted to the territory of a Member State to pursue as their main activity a full-time course of study leading to a higher education qualification recognised by the Member State, including diplomas, certificates or doctoral degrees, which may cover a preparatory course prior to such education according to its national legislation. Source Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Directive) Related terms ★★ researcher ★★ school pupil student BG студент CS student DE Student EL φοιτητής / σπουδαστης ES estudiante ET üliõpilane FI opiskelija FR étudiant GA mac léinn HU diák IT studente LT studentas LV students MT Student(a) NL student PL student PT estudante RO student SK študent SL študent SV student NO Student Definition A further application for international protection made after a final decision has been taken on a previous application, including cases where the applicant has explicitly withdrawn their application and cases where the determining authority has rejected an application following its implicit withdrawal in accordance with Art. 28 (1) of Directive 2013/32/EU. Source Art. 2(q) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Broader term ★★ application for international protection subsequent application for international protection BG последваща молба за международна закрила CS následná žádost (o mezinárodní ochranu) DE Folgeantrag auf internationalen Schutz EL ES solicitud posterior de protección internacional ET järgnev / teine rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus FI myöhempi kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus FR demande ultérieure de protection internationale GA iarratas iardain ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta HU következő menedékkérelem IT domanda reiterata di protezione internazionale LT pakartotinis prašymas suteikti prieglobstį LV atkārtots pieteikums par starptautiskās aizsardzības statusa piešķiršanu MT Applikazzjoni / Talba sussegwenti għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL volgend verzoek om internationale bescherming PL kolejny wniosek o ochronę międzynarodową PT pedido subsequente de proteção internacional RO cerere ulterioară SK následná žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu / následná žiadosť o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany SL ponovna prošnja za mednarodno zaščito SV efterföljande ansökan om internationellt skydd NO ny søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / ny søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 278 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The protection given to a third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of 2011/95/EU, and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of Directive 2011/95/EU do not apply, and is unable or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ international protection Narrower term ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection Related terms ★★ (civil) war refugee ★★ humanitarian protection ★★ temporary protection Note This term is not used in UK (see ‘humanitarian protection’). subsidiary protection BG субсидиарна закрила CS doplňková ochrana DE subsidiärer Schutz EL επικουρική προστασία ES protección subsidiaria ET täiendav kaitse FI toissijainen suojelu FR protection subsidiaire GA cosaint choimhdeach HU kiegészítő védelem IT protezione sussidiaria LT papildoma apsauga LV alternatīvā aizsardzība MT Protezzjoni sussidjarja NL subsidiaire bescherming PL ochrona (uzupełniająca) PT ochrona (uzupełniająca) RO protecţie subsidiară SK doplnková ochrana SL subsidiarna zaščita SV subsidiärt skydd NO subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / subsidiært vern (n) S 279 Definition The recognition by a Member State of a third-country national or a stateless person as a person eligible for subsidiary protection. Source Art. 2(g) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ subsidiary protection Narrower term ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection Related terms ★★ refugee status ★★ withdrawal of international protection subsidiary protection status BG статут на субсидиарна закрила CS status doplňkové ochrany DE subsidiärer Schutzstatus EL καθεστώς επικουρικής προστασίας ES estatuto de protección subsidiaria ET täiendava kaitse seisund FI toissijainen suojeluasema FR statut conféré par la protection subsidiaire GA stádas cosanta coimhdí HU kiegészítő védelmi jogállás IT status di protezione sussidiaria LT papildomos apsaugos statusas LV alternatīvās aizsardzības statuss MT Status ta’ protezzjoni sussidjarja NL subsidiairebeschermingsstatus PL status ochrony uzupełniającej PT estatuto de protecção subsidiária RO statut de protecţie subsidiară SK status doplnkovej ochrany / štatút doplnkovej ochrany SL status subsidiarne zaščite SV status som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande NO status for subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / status for subsidiært vern (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 280 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A consequence of an appeal, which suspends the enforceability of a challenged decision allowing the appellant to remain in a host country pending the outcome. Source Developed by EMN Synonyms ★★ right to remain pending the examination of an application ★★ right to remain pending the decision Broader term ★★ legal remedy Notes 1. The Directive 2013/32/EU/ (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) recognises in Art. 9 an automatic right of applicants to remain in the Member State, for the sole purpose of the procedure, until the determining authority has made a decision in accordance with the procedures at first instance, and in Art. 46(3) – in line with international refugee law and with the jurisprudence of the European Courts – an automatic right of applicants appealing against negative decisions to remain in the territory of the concerned Member State. 2. In some circumstances (listed in Art. 46(6)), such as decisions considering an application to be manifestly unfounded in accordance with Art. 32(2) or unfounded after examination in accordance with Art. 31(8), the suspensive effect of appeal is not automatic. However, the possibility remains to request a court or tribunal for a right to stay, pending the second instance decision (Art. 46 (3) of Directive 2013/32/EU). suspensive effect BG суспензивен ефект CS odkladný účinek DE aufschiebende Wirkung EL ES efecto suspensivo ET edasilükkav toime FI lykkäävä vaikutus FR effet suspensif GA éifeacht fionraíochta HU halasztó hatály IT effetto sospensivo LT stabdomasis poveikis LV atliekošs efekts MT Posponiment / Sospensjoni bħala konsegwenza (b’effett) ta’... NL schorsende werking PL skutek zawieszający PT RO efect suspensiv SK odkladný účinok [rozhodnutia] SL suspenzivni učinek /odložilni učinek SV suspensiv effekt NO utsettende virkning (b) / utsetjande verknad (n) TS 281 Definition (a) The common border between a Member State fully implementing the Schengen acquis and a Member State bound to apply the Schengen acquis in full, in conformity with its Act of Accession, but for which the relevant Council Decision authorising it to fully apply that acquis has not entered into force. (b) The common border between two Member States bound to apply the Schengen acquis in full, in conformity with their respective Acts of Accession, but for which the relevant Council Decision authorising them to fully apply that acquis has not yet entered into force. Source Art. 2 (2) of Council Decision 574/2007/EC (External Border Fund Decision) temporary external border BG временна външна граница CS dočasná vnější hranice DE vorläufige Außengrenze EL σύνορα (προσωρινώς εξωτερικά) ES frontera temporal exterior ET ajutine välispiir FI väliaikainen ulkoraja FR frontière extérieure temporaire GA teorainn sheachtrach shealadach HU ideiglenes külső határ IT frontiera esterna temporanea LT laikinoji išorės siena LV pagaidu ārējā robeža MT Fruntiera esterna temporanja // Konfini esterni temporanji NL tijdelijke buitengrens PL tymczasowa granica zewnętrzna PT fronteira externa temporária RO frontieră externă temporară SK dočasná vonkajšia hranica SL začasna zunanja meja SV tillfälliga yttre gränser NO midlertidig ytre grense (b) / mellombels ytre grense (n) Definition Migration for a specific motivation and / or purpose with the intention that afterwards there will be a return to the country of origin or onward movement. Source Developed by EMN Broader term ★★ migration Related terms ★★ long-term migration ★★ short-term migration Note With regard to the development of EU policy, this may be seen in the context of inter alia circular migration and / or seasonal workers. temporary migration BG временна миграция CS dočasná migrace DE temporäre Migration EL προσωρινή μετανάστευση ES migración temporal ET ajutine sisseränne FI tilapäinen maahanmuutto FR migration temporaire GA imirce shealadach HU ideiglenes migráció IT migrazione temporanea LT trumpalaikė migracija LV īslaicīga migrācija MT Migrazzjoni temporanja NL tijdelijke migratie PL migracja tymczasowa PT migração Temporária RO migraţie temporară SK dočasná migrácia SL začasna migracija SV tillfällig migration NO midlertidig migrasjon (b) / mellombels migrasjon (n) T A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 282 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 from third countries who are unable to return to their country of origin, immediate and temporary protection to such persons, in particular if there is also a risk that the asylum system will be unable to process this influx without adverse effects for its efficient operation, in the interests of the persons. Source Art. 2(a) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive) Broader term ★★ protection Related terms ★★ (civil) war refugee ★★ displacement ★★ international protection ★★ mass influx ★★ subsidiary protection Note In LV, temporary protection is granted for a specified period of time if the applicant needs protection because they have been forced to leave their country of citizenship or, if the persons is stateless persons, their country of former residence due to ethnic conflict or civil war. temporary protection BG временна закрила CS dočasná ochrana DE vorübergehender Schutz EL προσωρινή προστασία ES protección temporal ET ajutine kaitse FI tilapäinen suojelu FR protection temporaire GA cosaint shealadach HU ideiglenes védelem IT protezione temporanea LT laikinoji apsauga LV pagaidu aizsardzība MT Protezzjoni temporanja NL tijdelijke bescherming PL tymczasowa ochrona PT protecção temporária RO protecţie temporară SK dočasná ochrana (EU acquis) / dočasné útočisko (national law) SL začasna zaščita SV tillfälligt skydd NO midlertidig beskyttelse (b) / mellombels vern (n) Definition A procedure of exceptional character to provide, in the event of a mass influx or imminent mass influx of displaced persons Definition A country that is not a member of the European Union as well as a country or territory whose citizens do not enjoy the European Union right to free movement, as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Schengen Borders Code. Source Derived by EMN from the description of ‘free movement of citizens’ on the website of Eurofound Narrower terms ★★ safe third country ★★ third-country national third country BG трета страна CS třetí země DE Drittstaat EL τρίτη χώρα ES tercer país ET kolmas riik FI kolmas maa FR pays tiers GA tríú tír HU harmadik ország IT paese terzo LT trečioji šalis LV trešā valsts MT Pajjiż terz NL derde land PL kraj trzeci PT país terceiro RO ţară / stat terţ SK tretia krajina SL tretja država SV tredjeland NO tredjeland T 283 Definition Any person who is not a citizen of the European Union within the meaning of Art. 20(1) of TFEU and who is not a person enjoying the European Union right to free movement, as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Schengen Borders Code. Source Art. 3(1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) and Art. 2(6) of Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) Synonyms ★★ CH national ★★ EEA national ★★ non-EU national Broader terms ★★ non-EU national ★★ third country Related terms ★★ alien ★★ union citizen Notes 1. According to this definition, nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH are not considered to be third-country nationals. This is also consistent with Art. 2(6) of the Schengen Borders Code. 2. The Migration Statistics Regulation 862/2007 has a slightly different definition for a third-country national, which considers nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH as third-country nationals. This definition is also applied in Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive), Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive), Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers Directive) and Directive 2004/114/EC (Students Directive). This definition was considered to be too narrow for use by the EMN. 3. Nationals of Micro-States (MC, SM, VA) are treated as thirdcountry nationals since, although there are no border controls, there is no formal agreement for them to be ‘beneficiaries of the free movement of persons’ as defined in the EU acquis. This also means that they cannot be part of the Schengen Agreement. third-country national BG гражданин на трета страна CS státní přáslušník třetí země DE Drittstaatsangehöriger EL υπήκοος τρίτης χώρας ES nacional de tercer país ET kolmanda riigi kodanik FI kolmannen maan kansalainen FR ressortissant d’un pays tiers GA náisiúnach tríú tír HU harmadik országbeli állampolgár IT cittadino di un paese terzo LT trečiosios šalies pilietis LV trešās valsts pilsonis MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż terz NL onderdaan van een derde land (syn. derde lander) PL obywatel kraju trzeciego PT nacional de país terceiro RO cetăţean terţ / al unui stat terţ SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny SL državljan tretje države SV tredjelandsmedborgare NO tredjelandsborger (b) / tredjelandsborgar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 284 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A third-country national who is officially found to be on the territory of a Member State and who does not fullfil, or no longer fulfils, the conditions for stay or residence in that Member State. Source Art. 2(r) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Synonyms ★★ illegally resident migrant ★★ illegally staying migrant ★★ illegally staying third-country national Broader terms ★★ irregular migrant ★★ irregular stay Narrower term ★★ overstay(er) Related terms ★★ apprehension ★★ illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country national Note Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) uses the term ‘illegally staying third-country national’ with the same definition. third-country national found to be illegally present BG незаконно пребиваващ гражданин на трета страна CS státní příslušník třetí země, u kterého bylo zjištěno, že nedovoleně pobývá na území DE Drittstaatsangehöriger, dessen illegaler Aufenthalt festgestellt wird EL υπήκοοι τρίτων χωρών παράνομα διαμένοντες ES nacional de tercer país detectado en situación irregular ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiv kolmanda riigi kodanik FI laittomasti maassa oleskeleva kolmannen maan kansalainen FR ressortissant d’un pays tiers en séjour irrégulier GA náisiúnach tríú tír a shuitear a bheith i láthair go neamhdhleathach HU harmadik országbeli állampolgárok, akikről megállapították, hogy illegálisan tartózkodnak IT cittadino di un paese terzo presente irregolarmente LT neteisėtai esantis trečiosios šalies pilietis LV trešās valsts pilsonis, kas nelikumīgi uzturas dalībvalstī MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż terz preżenti illegalment NL derdelander van wie vaststaat / is vastgesteld dat deze illegaal verblijft PL obywatele krajów trzecich, co do których stwierdzono fakt nielegalnego przebywania PT nacionais de países terceiros detectados em situação ilegal RO cetăţean terţ depistat cu şedere ilegală SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny neoprávnene sa zdržiavajúci na území členského štátu EÚ SL državljan tretje države za katerega se ugotovi da je nezakonito navzoč SV olagligt närvarande tredjelandsmedborgare NO tredjelandsborger med ulovlig opphold (b) / tredjelandsborgar med ulovleg opphald (n) T 285 Source Art. 1 of UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Related terms ★★ serious harm ★★ vulnerable person Notes 1. The right to freedom from torture is enshrined in many international treaties, most notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT). The acceptance that torture is forbidden under any circumstances, including war, public emergency or terrorist threat, indicates that universally it is considered as a fundamental principle of customary international law. This means that even States that have not ratified any of the international treaties explicitly prohibiting torture are banned from using it against anyone, anywhere, under any circumstances. 2. Regional conventions, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (Art. 3) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Art. 4), also recognise torture as a prohibited act. 3. Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Convention of 1951 expressly prohibit the return of an asylum-seeker to a country where they may be at risk of torture. 4. In the EU, Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Receptions Conditions Directive) explicitly considers the situation of vulnerable asylum seekers with special needs, including victims of torture. EU Member States are obliged to identify victims of torture within the asylum procedure and to assess whether they have special reception needs, including the need to access appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care. torture BG изтезания CS mučení DE Folter EL ES tortura ET piinamine FI kidutus FR torture GA céasadh HU kínzás IT tortura LT kankinimas LV spīdzināšana MT Tortura NL foltering PL tortury PT RO tortură SK mučenie SL mučenje SV tortyr NO tortur Definition Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from them or a third person information or a confession, punishing them for an act they or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing them or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 286 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The sum of the immigrations and emigrations which yields the total volume of migration. Source Towards Harmonised European Statistics on International Migration (THESIM) project Related terms ★★ crude rate of net migration ★★ migration flow ★★ net migration ★★ population stock total migration BG общ размер на миграцията CS celková migrace DE Wanderungsvolumen EL καθολική μετανάστευση ES migración total ET rände koguarv FI kokonaismuutto FR volume migratoire GA imirce iomlán HU teljes migráció IT migrazione totale LT bendra migracija LV migrācijas apjoms / bruto migrācija MT Migrazzjoni totali NL totale migratie PL migracja (brutto) PT migração bruta RO migraţie totală SK celková migrácia SL sum migracija / skupna migracija SV bruttomigration NO samlet migrasjon (b) / samla migrasjon (n) Definition In the EU migration context, a worker whose presence in the territory of a Member State is strictly limited in duration and closely connected with increasing their skills and qualifications in their chosen profession before returning to their own countries to pursue their careers. Source Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation on admission of third-country nationals to the territory of the Member States for employment Narrower terms ★★ remunerated trainee ★★ unremunerated trainee trainee BG стажант CS stážista DE Auszubildender EL εκπαιδευόμενος ES persona en prácticas ET praktikant FI harjoittelija FR stagiaire GA duine faoi oiliúint HU gyakornok IT tirocinante / apprendista LT stažuotojas LV praktikants / stažieris MT Persuna titħarreġ / fuq taħriġ NL stagiair PL stażysta PT estagiários / formandos RO stagiar SK stážista SL pripravnik SV praktikant NO praktikant T 287 Definition The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or reception of persons, including the exchange or transfer of control over those persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Source Art. 2 of Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) Synonym ★★ human trafficking Narrower terms ★★ detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings ★★ identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings Related terms ★★ exploitation ★★ national referral mechanism ★★ Palermo Protocol Notes 1. A position of vulnerability means a situation in which the person concerned has no real or acceptable alternative but to submit to the abuse involved. 2. Exploitation includes, as a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, including begging, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the exploitation of criminal activities, or the removal of organs. 3. The EU anti-trafficking website provides a one-stop-shop for practitioners and the public interested in the problem of trafficking. trafficking in human beings BG трафик на хора CS obchodování s lidmi DE Menschenhandel EL εμπορία ανθρώπων ES trata de seres humanos ET inimkaubandus FI ihmiskauppa FR traite des êtres humains GA gáinneáil i ndaoine HU emberkereskedelem IT tratta di esseri umani LT prekyba žmonėmis LV cilvēku tirdzniecība MT Traffikar ta’ Persuni NL mensenhandel PL handel ludźmi PT tráfico de seres humanos RO trafic de fiinţe umane SK obchodovanie s ľuďmi SL trgovina z ljudmi SV människohandel NO menneskehandel A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 288 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The formal obligation of an applicant for international protection to leave a Member State and, within a specified period, go to the designated Member State responsible for examining their application for international protection. Source Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Broader term ★★ Dublin transfer Related terms ★★ Dublin Convention ★★ Dublin Regulation transfer order BG заповед за прехвърляне CS rozhodnutí o transferu, rozhodnutí o přemístění DE Überstellungsanordnung EL εντολή μεταφοράς ES orden de traslado ET üleandmise otsus (no usual translation) FI siirtomääräys FR obligation de transfert GA ordú um aistriú HU átadásról rendelkező végzés IT ordine di trasferimento LT nurodymas perduoti LV lēmums par patvēruma meklētāja pārsūtīšanu MT Ordni ta’ trasferiment NL overdrachtsbevel PL No translation PT decisão de transferência RO ordin de transfer SK príkaz na presun / príkaz na transfer SL nalog za transfer SV beslut om överföring NO overføringsvedtak Definition In the context of migration: Passage through a country of transit of a third-country national travelling from their country of origin to an EU Member State. In the context of a visa: Passage through a Member State(s) of a third-country national travelling from one third country to another third country. Source Context of migration: Developed by EMN Context of a visa: Derived by EMN from definition for ‘transit visa’ in Common Consular Instructions (2005/C 326/01) transit BG транзит CS tranzit DE Durchreise / Transit EL διέλευση ES tránsito ET läbisõit / transiit FI kauttakulku FR transit GA idirthuras HU tranzit IT transito LT tranzitas LV tranzīts MT Transitu NL transit (NL syn.: doorreis) PL tranzyt PT trânsito RO tranzit SK tranzit SL tranzit SV transit NO transitt T 289 Definition A document issued by a government or international treaty organisation which is acceptable proof of identity for the purpose of entering another country. Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Narrower term ★★ visa Related terms ★★ fraudulent travel or identity document ★★ residence document Notes 1. Passports and visas are the most widely used forms of travel documents. 2. Some States also accept certain identity cards or other documents, such as residence permits. travel document BG документ за пътуване CS cestovní doklad DE Reisedokument EL ES documento de viaje ET reisidokument FI matkustusasiakirja FR document de voyage GA doiciméad taistil HU úti okmány IT documento di viaggio LT kelionės dokumentas LV ceļošanas dokuments MT Dokument tal-ivvjaġġar NL reisdocument PL dokument podróży PT RO document de călătorie SK cestovný doklad SL potna listina SV resehandling NO reisedokument A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 290 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A minor who arrives on the territory of the Member States unaccompanied by the adult responsible for them by law or by the practice of the Member State concerned, and for as long as they are not effectively taken into the care of such a person. It includes a minor who is left unaccompanied after they have entered the territory of the Member States. Source Art. 2(l) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Synonyms ★★ UASC ★★ unaccompanied and separated child Broader term ★★ separated child Related terms ★★ representative ★★ vulnerable person Notes 1. There are significant differences between Member States with respect to national definitions and recording practices, for instance with regard to the age limit to be considered and whether or not they are unaccompanied. 2. In some (Member) States, statistics include all those who claim they are unaccompanied minors (i.e. before an age assessment has confirmed this), whereas other (Member) States only count those recognised as such by a competent authority (i.e. following an age assessment). 3. For further information, see EMN: Policies on Reception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study, 2009. An update for this 2009 study is forthcoming, entitled ‘Policies, practices and data on unaccompanied minors in 2014’, and will be available on the website of EMN. unaccompanied minor BG непридружен непълнолетен CS nezletilý bez doprovodu DE unbegleiteter Minderjähriger EL ασυνόδευτος ανήλικος ES menor no acompañado (MENA) ET saatjata alaealine FI ilman huoltajaa oleva alaikäinen, yksin tullut alaikäinen FR mineur isolé étranger GA mionaoiseach neamhthionlactha HU kísérő nélküli kiskorú IT minore non accompagnato LT nelydimas nepilnametis LV nepilngadīgais bez pavadības MT Minorenni mhux akkumpanjat NL alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdeling PL małoletni bez opieki PT menor desacompanhado RO minor neînsoţit SK maloletý bez sprievodu SL mladoletnik brez spremstva SV ensamkommande barn NO enslig mindreårig (b) / einsleg mindreårig (n) U 291 Definition An application which the determining authority has established as unfounded because the applicant does not qualify for international protection pursuant to Directive 2011/95/EU. Source Art. 32 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Broader term ★★ application for international protection Note Member States may also consider an application to be manifestly unfounded because of the existence of circumstances listed in Art. 31(8) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) apply. unfounded application for international protection BG неоснователна молба за международна закрила CS nedůvodná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu DE unbegründeter Antrag auf internationalen Schutz EL ES solicitud infundada de protección internacional ET põhjendamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus FI perusteeton kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus FR demande de protection internationale infondée GA iarratas gan bhunús ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta HU nem megalapozott menedékkérelem IT domanda infondata per il riconoscimento della protezione internazionale LT nepagrįstas prašymas suteikti prieglobstį LV nepamatots starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums MT Applikazzjoni / Talba bla bażi għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL ongegrond verzoek om internationale bescherming PL bezzasadny wniosek o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej PT RO cerere nefondată de protecţie intrnaţională SK neopodstatnená žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu / neopodstatnená žiadosť o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany SL neutemeljena prošnja za mednarodno zaščito SV ogrundad ansökan NO grunnløs søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / grunnlaus søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 292 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Any person having the nationality of an EU Member State. Source Art. 20 (1) of TFEU Synonym ★★ EU citizen Broader term ★★ citizenship Related terms ★★ non-EU national ★★ third-country national union citizen BG гражданин на ЕС CS občan Evropské unie DE Unionsbürger EL πολίτης της Ένωσης ES ciudadano de la Unión ET liidu kodanik FI unionin kansalainen FR citoyen de l’Union européenne GA saoránach den Aontas HU uniós polgár IT cittadino dell’Unione LT Sąjungos pilietis LV Savienības pilsonis MT Ċittadin(a) tal-Unjoni NL burger van de Unie PL obywatel Unii PT cidadão da União Europeia RO Cetăţean al Uniunii (Europene) SK občan EÚ SL državljan Unije SV unionsmedborgare NO unionsborger (b) / unionsborgar (n) Definition The preference given by a Member State to workers who are nationals of other Member States over workers who are nationals of third countries in regard to access to their labour market. Source Derived by EMN from Act of Accession 2005 (Annexes VI, Art. 14 and VII, Art. 14 to Art. 20) of the Protocol concerning the conditions and arrangements for admission of the Republics of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union Synonym ★★ Community preference Narrower term ★★ labour market test Note Before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the term ‘community preference’ was the preferred term to use. union preference BG преференции на ЕС CS upřednostňování pracovníků ze zemí EU DE Unionspräferenz EL ES Preferencia de la Unión Europea ET liidu eelistamine FI unionin etuuskohtelu FR préférence communautaire GA tús áite do shaoránaigh de chuid an Aontais HU uniós preferencia IT preferenza comunitaria LT bendrijos pirmumo principas LV Savienības priekšrocības princips MT Bi preferenza għall-Unjoni NL Unie preferentie PL preferencja unijna PT RO SK zásada uprednostňovania občanov Únie / únijná preferencia SL prednost Unije SV unionsföreträde NO fortrinn for borgere av EU/EFTA-land (b) / fortrinn for borgarar av EU/EFTA-land (n) U 293 Definition The refugee agency of the United Nations (UN) mandated to lead and coordinate international action to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide, and to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees. Source Website of UNHCR Synonym ★★ UNHCR Related terms ★★ Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 ★★ International Organization for Migration ★★ international protection ★★ refugee law Notes 1. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was established on 14 December 1950 by the UN General Assembly. 2. The Geneva Convention of 1951 is the basic statute guiding the UNHCR’s work. The functions of the UNHCR are defined in the Statute of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, which was adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 1950. 3. For further information, see the website of the UNHCR: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees BG Върховен комисар на ООН за бежанците CS Vysoký komisař OSN pro uprchlíky DE Hoher Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten Nationen EL ES Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados ET ÜRO pagulaste ülemvolinik FI Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien pakolaisasiain päävaltuutettu FR Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés GA Ard-Choimisinéir na Náisiún Aontaithe do Dhídeanaithe HU Az Egyesült Nemzetek Menekültügyi Főbiztosa IT Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i Rifugiati LT Jungtinių Tautų Vyriausiasis pabėgėlių komisaras LV Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Augstais komisārs bēgļu lietās MT Kummissjoni (Il-) Għolja għar-Rifuġjati tan‑Nazzjonijiet Uniti NL Hoog Commissariaat der Verenigde Naties voor Vluchtelingen PL Wysoki Komisarz Narodów Zjednoczonych do Spraw Uchodżców PT RO Înaltul Comisariat al Naţiunilor Unite pentru Refugiaţi / Înatul Comisariat ONU pentru Refugiaţi SK Úrad Vysokého komisára OSN pre utečencov SL Visoki komisariat Združenih narodov za begunce SV FN:s flyktingorgan NO FNs høykommissær for flyktninger (b) / FNs høgkommissær for flyktningar (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 294 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition A third-country national who has been admitted to the territory of a Member State for a training period without remuneration in accordance with its national legislation. Source Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Students’ Directive) Broader term ★★ trainee Related terms ★★ remunerated trainee ★★ researcher unremunerated trainee BG стажант без възнаграждение CS neplacený stážista DE unbezahlter Auszubildender EL μη αμοιβόμενος εκπαιδευόμενος ES persona en prácticas no remuneradas ET tasustamata praktikant FI palkaton harjoittelija FR stagiaire non rémunéré GA oiliúnaí nach bhfaigheann luach saothair HU javadalmazásban nem részesülő gyakornok IT tirocinante non retribuito LT neatlygintinas stažuotojas LV nealgots praktikants / stažieris MT Persuna titħarreġ Bba ħlas NL onbezoldigd stagiair PL stazysta niepobierający wynagrodzenia PT estagiários / formandos não remunerado RO stagiar neremunerat SK neplatený stážista SL neplačani pripravnik SV oavlönad praktikant NO ulønnet praktikant (b) / ulønt praktikant (n) Definition The place at which a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage or, in default, the place of legal or registered residence. Source Art. 2(1)a of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Synonym ★★ habitual residence usual residence BG обичайно местоживеене CS obvyklé místo pobytu DE üblicher Aufenthaltsort EL συνήθης διαμονή ES residencia habitual ET alaline elukoht FI vakinainen asuinpaikka FR résidence habituelle GA gnáthchónaí HU szokásos tartózkodási hely IT residenza abituale LT nuolatinė gyvenamoji vieta LV parastā dzīvesvieta MT Residenza abitwali / tas-soltu NL gewone verblijfplaats PL zwyczajowe miejsce pobytu PT residência habitual RO rezidenţă uzuală SK obvyklý pobyt SL običajno prebivališče SV stadigvarande bosättning NO vanlig bosted (b) / vanleg bustad (n) U 295 Definition The number of persons who, on a given reference date, are usually resident in a defined geographical area (e.g. national, regional or local). Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 (Population and Housing Censuses Regulation) and Art. 2(1)a of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) Related term ★★ population stock Notes 1. The ‘number of persons’ includes both nationals and foreigners (and can include both legally and irregularly residing). 2. In this context, ‘usually resident’ means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. 3. The following persons alone shall be considered to be usual residents of the geographical area in question: (i) those who have lived in their place of usual residence for a continuous period of at least 12 months before the reference date; or (ii) those who arrived in their place of usual residence during the 12 months before the reference date with the intention of staying there for at least one year. Where the circumstances described in point (i) or (ii) cannot be established, ‘usual residence’ shall mean the place of legal or registered residence. usually resident population BG обичайно живеещо население CS obyvatelstvo s obvyklým pobytem DE Wohnbevölkerung EL μόνιμος πληθυσμός ES población residente ET püsielanikkond FI henkikirjoitettu väestö / vakinainen väestö FR population résidente GA daonra gnáthchónaitheach HU bejelentett lakcímmel rendelkező népesség IT popolazione abitualmente residente LT nuolatiniai gyventojai LV pastāvīgie iedzīvotāji MT Popolazzjoni ta’ residenti NL geregistreerde bevolking (syn.: werkelijke bevolking) PL populacja rezydentów PT população residente RO populaţie rezidentă SK obyvateľstvo s obvyklým pobytom SL običajno rezidentno prebivalstvo SV stadigvarande bosatta NO fastboende befolkning (b) / fastbuande folkesetnad (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 296 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Adverse treatment or adverse consequence as a reaction to a complaint or to proceedings aimed at enforcing compliance with the principle of equal treatment. Source Art. 9 of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) Related term ★★ principle of equal treatment victimisation BG виктимизация CS pronásledování DE Viktimisierung EL θυματοποίηση ES victimización ET ohvristamine FI uhriutuminen FR rétorsion GA íospairt HU viktimizáció IT vittimizzazione LT persekiojimas LV viktimzācija MT Vittimizzazzjoni NL represailles (in judicial practice: victimisatie) PL wiktymizacja PT vitimização RO victimizare SK viktimizácia SL viktimizacija SV repressalier NO represalier (b) / represaliar (n) V 297 Definition The authorisation or decision of a Member State required for transit or entry for an intended stay in that Member State or in several Member States. Source Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) Broader term ★★ travel document Narrower terms ★★ airport transit visa ★★ long-stay visa ★★ short-stay visa ★★ Visa Code ★★ Visa Information System ★★ visa facilitation agreement Note For some third countries (specifically, and as of December 2011, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia, Russian Federation and Ukraine) there are visa facilitation agreements which facilitate, on the basis of reciprocity, the issuance of visas for an intended stay of no more than 90 days per period of 180 days to the citizens of the European Union and the third country party to the agreement. These are often concluded at the same time as readmission agreements. For more information see the DG HOME website, webpage on visa policy: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/index_en.htm visa BG виза CS vízum DE Visum EL θεώρηση εισόδου; βίζα ES visado ET viisa FI viisumi FR visa GA víosa HU vízum IT visto LT viza LV vīza MT Viża NL visum PL wiza PT visto RO viză SK vízum SL vizum SV visering NO visum A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 298 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Regulation outlining the procedures and conditions for issuing visas for transit through or intended stays in the territory of the Schengen Member States not exceeding three months in any sixmonth period. Source Art. 1(1) of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 (Visa Code Regulation) Synonym ★★ Schengen Visa Code Broader term ★★ Visa Related terms ★★ visa facilitation agreement ★★ Visa Information System Note The Visa Code Regulation entered into force on 5 April 2010. Visa Code BG Визов кодекс CS vízový kodex DE Visakodex EL κώδικας θεωρήσεων ES Código de visados ET viisaeeskiri FI viisumisäännöstö FR code des visas GA an cód le haghaidh Víosaí HU vízumkódex IT codice dei visti LT vizų kodeksas LV Vīzu kodekss MT Kodiċi dwar il-viżi NL Visumcode PL kodeks wizowy PT Código de Vistos RO Codul de vize SK vízový kódex SL vizumski zakonik SV viseringskodex NO visumregelverk Definition Agreement between the EU and a non-EU country that facilitates the issuance by an EU Member State of authorisations to the citizens of that non-EU country for transiting through or an intended stay in the territory of the EU Member States of a duration of no more than three months in any six-month period from the date of first entry into the territory of the EU Member States. Source DG HOME e-Library Glossary Broader term ★★ visa Related terms ★★ Visa Code ★★ Visa Information System Note For a list of visa facilitation agreements concluded so far, see the website of DG HOME: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what- we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/index_en.htm visa facilitation agreement BG Споразумение за облекчаване на визовия режим CS dohoda o usnadnění vydávání krátkodobých víz / facilitační dohoda DE Visaerleichterungs-Abkommen EL ES acuerdo de facilitación de visados ET viisalihtsustusleping FI viisumihelpotussopimus FR accord visant à faciliter la délivrance de visas GA comhaontú um éisiúint víosaí a éascú HU vízumkönnyítési megállapodás IT accordo di facilitazione del visto LT susitarimas dėl vizų režimo supaprastinimo LV nolīgums par vīzu atvieglotu izsniegšanu MT Ftehim għall-iffaċilitar fil-ħruġ tal-viżi / għat‑tħaffif fl-għoti tal-viżi NL visumfacilitatieovereenkomst PL umowa o ułatwieniach wizowych PT RO acord pentru facilitarea acordării vizelor SK dohoda o zjednodušení postupu pri vydávaní víz SL Sporazum o lažjem pridobivanju vizumov SV viseringsförenklingsavtal NO visumfasiliteringsavtale V 299 Definition A system for the exchange of visa data between Member States, which enables authorised national authorities to enter and update visa data and to consult this data electronically. Source Art. 1 of Council Decision 2004/512/EC Synonym ★★ VIS Broader term ★★ visa Related terms ★★ Schengen Information System ★★ Visa Code ★★ visa facilitation agreement Note The Visa Information System (VIS) started operating in North Africa on 11 October 2011 (see: European Commission Press release IP/11/1169). Visa Information System BG Визова информационна система CS Vízový informační systém DE Visa-Informationssystem EL ES Sistema de Información de Visados ET viisainfosüsteem FI viisumitietojärjestelmä FR Système d’information sur les visas GA an Córas Faisnéise Víosaí; VIS HU Vízum Információs Rendszer IT Sistema di Informazione Visti LT Vizų informacinė sistema LV Vīzu informācijas sistēma MT Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni dwar il-Viża NL Visuminformatiesysteem PL System Informacji Wizowej PT Sistema de Informação de Vistos RO Sistemul Informatic de Vize SK Vízový informačný systém SL Vizumski informacijski sistem SV informationssystemet för viseringar NO  visuminformasjonssystemet Definition Compliance with the obligation to return within the time-limit fixed for that purpose in the return decision. Source Art. 3(8) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) Synonym ★★ independent return Broader term ★★ compulsory return Narrower term ★★ assisted voluntary return Related terms ★★ return decision ★★ voluntary return Note 1. The term ‘independent return’ is only used in UK. 2. The term is different from vountary return, as with voluntary departure, ultimately there will be an obligation to return. voluntary departure BG доброволно напускане на страната CS dobrovolné opuštění území DE freiwillige Ausreise EL εθελούσια αναχώρηση ES salida voluntaria ET vabatahtlik (riigist) lahkumine määratud tähtaja jooksul FI vapaaehtoinen maasta poistuminen FR départ volontaire GA imeacht deonach HU önkéntes távozás IT partenza volontaria LT savanoriškas išvykimas LV brīvprātīga izceļošana MT Tluq volontarju NL vrijwillig vertrek PL dobrowolny wyjazd PT abandono voluntário RO plecare voluntară SK dobrovoľný odchod SL prostovoljni odhod SV frivillig avresa NO frivillig utreise (b) / friviljug utreise (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 300 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The assisted or independent return to the country of origin, transit or third country, based on the free will of the returnee. Source IOM Glossary 2nd ed., 2011 Synonym ★★ voluntary repatriation Broader term ★★ return Narrower term ★★ assisted voluntary return Related terms ★★ compulsory return ★★ voluntary departure Notes 1. The term is different from ‘voluntary departure’ and, as with voluntary departure, ultimately there will be an obligation to return. 2. The types of persons returning without the assistance of the State include those who: (a) would be under no (legal) obligation to do so. As stated in the definition, it is entirely their decision as to whether they return or not; (b) are irregularly resident and have not (yet) been apprehended / detected (e.g. overstayer), but who decide to return anyway; (c) have applied to stay (e.g. asylum seeker, person applying for protection) and whose application has not yet been finalised, but decide to return anyway. 3. UNHCR prefers the term ‘voluntary repatriation’. voluntary return BG доброволно връщане CS dobrovolný návrat DE freiwillige Rückkehr EL εθελούσια επιστροφή ES retorno voluntario ET vabatahtlik (riigist) lahkumine FI vapaaehtoinen paluu FR retour volontaire GA filleadh deonach HU önkéntes hazatérés IT ritorno volontario LT savanoriškas grįžimas LV brīvprātīga atgriešanās MT Ritorn volontarju NL vrijwillige terugkeer PL dobrowolny powrót PT retorno voluntário RO returnare voluntară SK dobrovoľný návrat SL prostovoljna vrnitev SV frivilligt återvändande NO frivillig retur (b) / friviljug retur (n) V 301 Definition Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, elderly people, pregnant women, single parents with minor children, victims of trafficking in human beings, persons with serious illnesses, persons with mental disorders and persons who have been subjected to torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence, such as victims of female genital mutilation. Source Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) Narrower term ★★ applicant with special reception needs Related terms ★★ identified victim of trafficking in human beings ★★ presumed victim of trafficking in human beings ★★ torture ★★ unaccompanied minor Note Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) defines a ‘position of vulnerability’ as a ‘situation in which the person concerned has no real or acceptable alternative but to submit to the abuse involved’. vulnerable person BG уязвимо лице CS zranitelná osoba DE schutzbedürftige Person EL ευάλωτο άτομο ES persona vulnerable ET haavatav isik FI haavoittuvassa asemassa oleva henkilö FR personne vulnérable GA duine soghonta HU sérülékeny (csoporthoz tartozó) személy IT persona vulnerabile LT pažeidžiamas asmuo LV mazāk aizsargāta persona MT Persuna vulnerabbli NL kwetsbaar persoon PL osoba szczególnej troski PT pessoa vulnerável RO persoană vulnerabilă SK zraniteľná osoba SL ranljiva oseba SV utsatt person NO sårbar person A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 302 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions or other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict within the established framework of international law, as defined in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Source Art. 8(2) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Related terms ★★ crime against humanity ★★ exclusion clause war crime BG военно престъпление CS válečný zločin DE Kriegsverbrechen EL εγκλήματα πολέμου ES crímenes de guerra ET sõjakuritegu FI sotarikokset FR crimes de guerre GA coir chogaidh HU háborús bűncselekmények IT crimine di guerra LT karo nusikaltimas LV kara noziegums MT Reati tal-gwerra NL oorlogsmisdaden (syn.: oorlogsmisdrijven) PL zbrodnie wojenne PT crimes de guerra RO crime de război SK vojnový zločin SL vojni zločin SV krigsförbrytelser NO krigsforbrytelse (b) / krigsbrotsverk (n) W 303 Definition The fear of persecution experienced by an applicant for international protection that is considered both genuine and objectively justifiable (e.g. because the person concerned has already been subject to persecution or serious harm, or to direct threats of such persecution or such harm, and there is no good reason to consider that such persecution or serious harm will not be repeated). Source Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary 2nd ed., 2011 Broader term ★★ persecution Related terms ★★ credibility assessment ★★ real risk of suffering serious harm Notes 1. This is a key element of the definition of a refugee in the Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967. Wellfoundedness of fear contains both a subjective element (fear of persecution) and an objective element (the fear must have an objectively justifiable basis). Both elements must be established for the fear to be considered well-founded within the meaning of the refugee definition. According to the 1951 Convention, persecution must be linked to any one of the five specified grounds: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group and political opinion. 2. The subjective element is satisfied if the applicant‘s fear of persecution is genuine. In the context of refugee status determination, fear has been defined as an apprehension or awareness of danger. General dissent or disagreement with a government or the desire for more personal freedom or an improved economic situation without anything more does not satify this element (see UNHCR guidelines on international protection on the UNHCR website). 3. The objective element is satisfied when the applicant has established that there is a reasonable possibility that they will actually suffer the feared persecution. well-founded fear of persecution BG добре обоснован страх от преследване CS podložená obava z pronásledování DE begründete Furcht vor Verfolgung EL ES temor justificado de persecución ET põhjendatud tagakiusamise kartus FI perusteltu vainon pelko FR crainte fondée de persécution GA faitíos roimh ghéarleanúint a bhfuil bunús / údar maith leis HU üldöztetéstől való megalapozott félelem IT giustificato timore di persecuzione LT visiškai pagrįsta baimė būti persekiojamam LV pamatotas bailes no vajāšanas MT Biża’ ġustifikata ta’ persekuzzjoni NL gegronde vrees voor vervolging PL uzasadniona obawa przed prześladowaniem PT RO teamă de persecuţie bine fondată SK opodstatnená obava z prenasledovania SL utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem SV välgrundad fruktan för förföljelse NO velbegrunnet frykt for forfølgelse (b) / velgrunna frykt for forfølging (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 304 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition The actions by which the applicant terminates the procedures initiated by the submission of their application for international protection, in accordance with Directive 2013/32/EU, either explicitly or tacitly. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 27 and 28 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Broader term ★★ application for international protection withdrawal of an application for international protection BG оттегляне на молба за международна закрила CS vzít zpět žádost o udělení mezinárodní ochrany DE Rücknahme des Antrags auf internationalen Schutz EL ανάκλησης της αίτησης για διεθνή προστασία ES retirada de una solicitud de protección internacional ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse tagasivõtmine FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen peruuttaminen FR retrait d’une demande de protection internationale GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem visszavonása IT ritiro della domanda di protezione internazionale LT prašymo suteikti prieglobstį nagrinėjimo nutraukimas LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma atsaukšana MT Irtirar ta’ applikazzjoni għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL intrekking van een verzoek om internationale bescherming PL wycofanie wniosku o ochronę międzynarodową PT retirada do pedido de protecção internacional RO retragerea cerere de protectie internationala SK späťvzatie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu / späťvzatie žiadosti o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany SL umik prošnje za mednarodno zaščito SV återkallande av ansökan om internationellt skydd NO tilbaketrekking av søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b)/ tilbaketrekking av søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) W 305 Definition The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end or refuse to renew the refugee or subsidiary protection status of a person in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU. Source Art. 2(o) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Narrower term ★★ withdrawal of refugee status Related terms ★★ refugee status ★★ subsidiary protection status withdrawal of international protection BG отнемане на международна закрила CS odnětí mezinárodní ochrany DE Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes EL ανάκληση διεθνούς προστασίας ES retirada de la protección internacional ET rahvusvahelise kaitse tagasivõtmine FI kansainvälisen suojelun poistaminen / lakkauttaminen / peruttaminen FR retrait de la protection internationale GA cosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar HU nemzetközi védelem visszavonása IT revoca della protezione internazionale LT prieglobsčio panaikinimas LV starptautiskās aizsardzības statusa atņemšana MT Irtirar tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL intrekking van de internationale bescherming PL cofnięcie ochrony międzynarodowej PT retirada do estatuto de proteção internacional RO retragerea protecţiei internaţionale SK odňatie medzinárodnej ochrany SL preklic mednarodne zaščite SV återkallande av internationellt skydd NO tilbaketrekking av internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / tilbaketrekking av internasjonalt vern (n) Definition The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end or refuse to renew the refugee status of a person in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU. Source Derived by EMN from Art. 2(o) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) Broader term ★★ withdrawal of international protection Related term ★★ refugee status withdrawal of refugee status BG отнемане на бежански статут CS odnětí postavení uprchlíka DE Entziehung / Aberkennung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft EL ανάκληση καθεστώτος πρόσφυγα ES retirada del estatuto de refugiado ET pagulasseisundi kehtetuks tunnistamine FI pakolaisaseman poistaminen /lakkauttaminen / peruuttaminen FR retrait du statut de réfugié GA stádas dídeanaí a tharraingt siar HU menekültügyi státusz visszavonása IT revoca dello status di rifugiato LT pabėgėlio statuso panaikinimas LV bēgļa statusa zaudēšana MT Revoka / Kanċellazzjoni / Tneħħija tal-istatus ta’ refuġjat NL intrekking van de internationale beschermingsstatus PL cofnięcie statusu uchodźcy PT retirada do estatuto de refugiado RO retragerea statutului de refugiat SK odňatie postavenia [statusu, štatútu] utečenca (EU acquis) SL preklic statusa begunca SV återkallande av flyktingstatus NO tilbakekall av flyktningstatus (b) / attendekalling av flyktningstatus (n) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 306 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 Definition Attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude and often vilify persons, based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners to the community, society or national identity. Source UNESCO Glossary of migration-related terms Related terms ★★ racial discrimination ★★ racism Notes 1. According to the EU acquis, and specifically Art. 1 of Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism and xenophobia are considered to be: (a) publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin; (b) the commission of an act referred to in point (a) by public dissemination or distribution of tracts, pictures or other material; (c) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group; (d) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in Art. 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group. xenophobia BG ксенофобия CS xenofobie DE Ausländerfeindlichkeit / Fremdenfeindlichkeit / Xenophobie EL ES xenofobia ET ksenofoobia / võõraviha FI muukalaispelko, muukalaisviha; vieraanpelko, vierasviha FR xénophobie GA seineafóibe HU xenofóbia/ idegengyűlölet IT xenofobia LT ksenofobija LV ksenofobija MT Ksenofobija NL xenofobie PL ksenofobia PT xenofobia RO xenofobie SK xenofóbia SL ksenofobija SV främlingsfientlighet NO fremmedfrykt (b) / framandfrykt (n) X 307 1. European legislation and policy 1.1. TREATIES, PROTOCOLS AND CONVENTIONS ■■ Dublin Convention (97/C 254/01), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/ALL/;jsessionid=TTrpTsvTr1VHTFy9MgfSBL jMcpPCKDrm1cPFy6J4JhpSnhcxvrD2!-228044560?uri=CEL EX:41997A0819(01) ■■ European Charter of Fundamental Rights (200/C 364/01), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf ■■ Protocol concerning the conditions and arrangements for admission of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union, 2005, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2005:157:TOC ■■ Protocol 29 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union, 1997, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:12006E/PRO/29 ■■ Treaty establishing the European Union (TEC) (Treaty of Amsterdam), 1997, http://old.eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/ dat/11997E/htm/11997E.html#0173010078 ■■ Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (Lisbon Treaty), 2007, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT 1.2. DIRECTIVES (INCLUDING PROPOSALS) ■■ Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32000L0043 ■■ Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Decision Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32001L0040 ■■ Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ TXT/?uri=celex:32001L0055 ■■ Council Directive 2003/9/EC (Reception Conditions Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003L0009 ■■ Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003L0086 ■■ Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003L0109 ■■ Council Directive 2004/82/EC (API Directive), http://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004L0082 ■■ Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Migration Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32004L0114 ■■ Council Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32005L0071 ■■ Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32009L0050 ■■ Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32004L0038 ■■ Directive 1996/71/EC (Posting of Workers Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996L0071 ■■ Directive 2005/36/EC (Professional Qualification Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=celex:32005L0036 ■■ Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive), http://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008L0115 ■■ Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009L0052 ■■ Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive), http://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0036 ■■ Directive 2011/51/EU amending Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) to extend its scope to beneficiaries of international protection, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0051 ■■ Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0095 ■■ Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32011L0098 ■■ Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013L0032 ■■ Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013L0033 ■■ Directive 2014/36/EU (Seasonal Workers’ Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2014.094.01.0375.01.ENG ■■ Proposal for a Directive on conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate transfer, COM(2010) 378 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ TXT/?uri=celex:52010PC0378 ■■ Proposal for a Directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing, Bibliography of sources A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 308 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 COM(2013) 151 final, http://www.ipex.eu/IPEXL-WEB/ dossier/document/COM20130151.do ■■ Proposal for a Directive on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and the free movement of such data – COM(2012) 10 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2012:0010:FIN:EN:PDF 1.3. DECISIONS AND FRAMEWORK DECISIONS ■■ Council Decision 2005/267/EC establishing a secure web-based Information and Coordination Network for Migration Management Services, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32005D0267 ■■ Council Decision 2006/616/EC on the Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, http://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006D0616 ■■ Council Decision 2006/688/EC (Mutual Information Mechanism Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006D0688 ■■ Decision 2007/573/EC (Refugee Fund Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007D0573 ■■ Council Decision 2007/574/EC (External Border Fund Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007D0574 ■■ Council Decision 2008/381/EC (European Migration Network Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008D0381 ■■ Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008F0913 1.4. COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS ■■ Council of the EU Conclusions of the General Affairs Council, 10 December 1998, http://www.consilium.europa. eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/gena/ACF2D3.htm ■■ Council of the EU Conclusions of the 2618th Justice and Home Affairs Council Meeting, 19 November 2004, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/ pressData/en/jha/82745.pdf ■■ Council of the EU Conclusions on the EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012–2016, 25 October 2012, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/ cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/jha/133202.pdf ■■ Council of the EU Conclusions on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, 29 May 2012, http://register. consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/12/st09/st09417.en12.pdf ■■ Council of the EU Conclusions on the organization and development of the Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI), 30 November 1994, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996Y0919(15) 1.5. COMMISSION COMMUNICATIONS AND STAFF WORKING DOCUMENTS ■■ European Commission: Communication on regional protection programmes, COM(2005) 388 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0388 ■■ European Commission: Communication on a Common Agenda for Integration, COM(2005) 389 final, http://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0389 ■■ European Commission: Communication on Migration and Development, COM(2005) 390 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do? uri=COM:2005:0390:FIN:EN:PDF ■■ European Commission: Communication on the Global Approach to Migration, COM(2006) 735 final, http://ec.europa.eu/prelex/detail_dossier_real.cfm? CL=en&DosId=195039 ■■ European Commission: Communication applying the Global Approach to Migration to the Eastern and South-Eastern Regions Neighbouring the European Union, COM(2007) 47 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?qid=1412775470534&uri=URISERV:l14565 ■■ European Commission: Communication on Black Sea Synergy, COM(2007) 160 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0160 ■■ European Commission: Communication on circular migration and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=celex:52007DC0248 ■■ European Commission: Communication on an area of freedom, security and justice serving the citizen COM(2009) 262, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do? uri=COM:2009:0262:FIN:en:PDF ■■ European Commission: Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do? uri=COM:2011:0743:FIN:EN:PDF ■■ European Commission Staff Working Document on Strengthened Practical Cooperation SEC(2006) 189, http://www.ulb.ac.be/assoc/odysseus/CEAS/CEAS%20 SEC%20(2006)%20189.pdf ■■ European Commission: Staff Working Document on the policy plan on asylum: an integrated approach to protection across the EU, SEC(2008) 2029 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=CELEX:52008SC2029:EN:HTML 1.6. REGULATIONS ■■ Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 on third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32001R0539 ■■ Council Regulation (EC) No 377/2004 (Immigration Liaison Officer Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0377 309 ■■ Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 (FRA Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007R0168 ■■ Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006R0562 ■■ Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006R1931 ■■ Regulation (EC) No 458/2007 (ESSPROS Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R1322 ■■ Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0862 ■■ Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 (Rapid Border Intervention Teams Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0863 ■■ Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 (Population and Housing Censuses Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0763 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 265/2010 (Long-Stay Visa Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=celex:32010R0265 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 439/2010 (EASO Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=OJ:L:2010:132:0011:0028:EN:PDF ■■ Regulation (EU) No 493/2011 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 377/2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison officers network, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R0493 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 1168/2011 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 (FRONTEX Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R1168 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 465/2012 on the coordination of social security systems, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0465 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0603 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32013R0604 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 (Schengen Borders Code - amended), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=celex:32013R0610 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2013.295.01.0011.01.ENG ■■ Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 (Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0516 1.7. AGREEMENTS ■■ Africa-Pacific-Caribbean (ACP)-EU Partnership Agreement, revised 25 June 2005 (Cotonou Agreement), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ LSU/?uri=CELEX:22000A1215(01) ■■ EU Readmission Agreement with Serbia (2007/819/EC), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007D0819 ■■ Joint Africa-EU Declaration on Migration and Development, 2006 (Tripoli Declaration), http://sa.au.int/en/sites/default/ files/Joint%20Africa-EU%20Declaration%20on%20 Migration%20and%20Development.pdf 1.8. OTHER POLICY DOCUMENTS ■■ Common Consular Instructions on visas for the diplomatic missions and consular posts (2005/C 326/01), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2005.326.01.0001.01.ENG ■■ Council of the EU note from the Presidency to SCIFA on SCIFA’s role and working methods, Document 17476/10, http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/jan/ eu-council-scifa-role-17476-10.pdf ■■ Council of the EU Press Release on launching of EU-LAC dialogue, 11577/09 (Presse 201), 30 June 2009, http://www.migracion-ue-alc.eu/documents/keydocs/EN/ EU-LAC_Structured_and_Comprehensive_Dialogue_on%20 Migration-June-30-2009-EN.pdf ■■ Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation of admission to the territory for employment, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996Y0919(02) ■■ Council Resolution of 26 June 1997 on unaccompanied minors, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/; ELX_SESSIONID=3rvlJgpcv2154w4LYt8J3gqwn2nBVcJbCB h7FGmJf4SNScDgT6Rn!-1887740127?uri=CELEX:319 97Y0719(02) ■■ European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI): General Policy Recommendation N°7: National legislation to combat racism and racial discrimination, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/activities/gpr/en/ recommendation_n7/ecri03-8%20recommendation%20 nr%207.pdf ■■ Evaluation of the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue, 2008 (COM/2010/0361 final), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52010DC0361 ■■ Schengen Acquis, http://consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/ cmsUpload/SCH.ACQUIS-EN.pdf 310 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 2. International legislation and policy 2.1. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ■■ Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945, not available online ■■ Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Law, 1930, http://www.refworld.org/ docid/3ae6b3b00.html 2.2. COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS AND RESOLUTIONS ■■ Council of Europe Resolution 1468 (2005) on Forced marriages and child marriages, http://www.assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/ AdoptedText/ta05/ERES1468.htm ■■ Council of Europe Resolution 1509 (2006) on the human rights of irregular migrants, http://assembly.coe.int/main. asp?Link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta06/eres1509.htm ■■ European Convention on Nationality,1997, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/166.htm ■■ European Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region, 1997, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/165.htm ■■ European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), 2005, http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx?Symbol=CRC/GC/2005/6 2.3. UNITED NATIONS (UN) CONVENTIONS AND COVENANTS ■■ International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, 18 December 1990, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cmw/cmw.htm ■■ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 16 December 1966, http://www.ohchr.org/en/ professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention No. 29, 1930 (Forced Labour Convention), http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB: 12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312174 ■■ United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, http://www.oas.org/dil/1948_Convention_on_the_Prevention_ and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide.pdf ■■ United Nations Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1968 relating to the Status of Refugees (Geneva Convention), http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf ■■ United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1954, http://www.unhcr.org/3bbb25729.html ■■ United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx ■■ United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1975, http://www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html ■■ United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, http://www.unicef.org/crc/ ■■ United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/treaties/CTOC/ ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, 2001, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0012/001271/127160m.pdf 2.4. UNITED NATIONS (UN) CONSTITUTIONS, RESOLUTIONS, PROTOCOLS, COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO) Resolution concerning Decent Work and the Informal Economy, 2002, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc90/ pdf/pr-25res.pdf ■■ United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 6, http://tb.ohchr.org/default. aspx?Symbol=CRC/GC/2005/6 ■■ United Nations Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, 15 December 1946, http://www.refworld.org/ docid/3ae6b37810.html ■■ United Nations General Assembly Resolution 47/121, 1992. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/47/a47r121.htm ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Executive Committee (ExCom) Conclusion No. 58 (1989), http://www.unhcr.org/3ae68c4380.html ■■ United Nations Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000, http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/ Publications/TOC%20Convention/TOCebook-e.pdf ■■ United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000 (Palermo Protocol), http://www.uncjin.org/Documents/Conventions/dcatoc/ final_documents_2/convention_%20traff_eng.pdf ■■ United Nations Security Council: Final Report of the Commission of Experts established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992), http://www.icty.org/x/file/ About/OTP/un_commission_of_experts_report1994_en.pdf 2.5. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ■■ Arrangements with regard to Russian and Armenian Refugees of 12 May 1926, http://www.refworld.org/ pdfid/3dd8b5802.pdf ■■ Arrangement with regard to Turkish and Assyrian Refugees of 30 June 1928, not available online ■■ General Agreement on Trades and Services (GATS), 1994, http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/gatsintr_e.htm ■■ Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, especially Women and Children, http://www.au.int/ en/sites/default/files/Ouagadougou%20Action%20Plan% 20-%20E.pdf ■■ Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan of Action for Promotion of Employment and Poverty Alleviation, http://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/groups/public/---africa/---ro-addis_ababa/ documents/meetingdocument/wcms_234814.pdf 311 2.6. NATIONAL LEGISLATION ■■ German Federal Administrative Court: Ruling of 15 May 1990 - 9 C 17., http://www.refworld.org/country,,DEU_ BUNDESVERWALT,,deu,,3ae6b73324,0.html ■■ Irish Refugee Act, 1996, http://www.irishstatutebook. ie/1996/en/act/pub/0017/ 2.7. INTERNATIONAL CASE LAW ■■ ICTY Trial Chamber Judgment, Krstić, IT-98-33-T, 2 August 2001, para. 562, http://www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/tjug/en/ krs-tj010802e.pdf ■■ International Criminal Court (ICC): Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, http://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/ rdonlyres/add16852-aee9-4757-abe7- 9cdc7cf02886/283503/romestatuteng1.pdf 3. Glossaries and Thesauri ■■ EUDO Observatory on Citizenship: EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality, http://eudo-citizenship.eu/ databases/citizenship-glossary/glossary ■■ EuropeAid: Glossary of gender and development terms: Toolkit on mainstreaming gender equality in EC development cooperation, http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/ toolkit-mainstreaming-gender-equality-ec-development- cooperation_en?language=fr ■■ European Commission, DG Home e-Library Glossary, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/glossary/ index_a_en.htm ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Asylum and Migration Glossary (online version), http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home- affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_ network/glossary/index_a_en.htm ■■ Eurostat: Concepts and Definitions Database, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/ index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTLGLOSSARY &StrNom=CODED2&StrLanguageCode=EN ■■ Eurostat: Glossary on Demographic Statistics, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_SDDS/Annexes/ demo_pop_esms_an1.htm ■■ FRA (EUMC): Open Glossary, Glossary no longer available online ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO): ILO Thesaurus, 6th edition, 2008, http://www.ilo.org/thesaurus/ ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): Glossary on Migration, 1st ed. (International Migration Law), 2004, http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/IML_1_EN.pdf ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. (International Migration Law N°25), 2011, http://www.iom.int.vn/joomla/files/ Glossary_2nd_ed_web.pdf ■■ Migration, Citizenship, Education Glossary, http://migrationeducation.de/glossary.0.html ■■ OECD: Online Glossary of Statistical Terms, http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/ ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Online Glossary of migrationrelated terms, http://www.unesco.org/most/migration/ glossary_xenophobia.htm ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO): People on the Move. Handbook of selected terms and concepts, version 1.0, July 2008, http:// unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001636/163621e.pdf ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology, http:// www.refugeethesaurus.org/hms/home.php?publiclogin=1 ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Status Determination and Protection Information Section, Master Glossary of Terms, June 2006, http://www.unhcr.org/ cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf? docid=42ce7d444 4. Websites ■■ 5+5 Dialogue: official website, http://www.5plus5.gov.mt/ en/5plus5dialogue ■■ Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on Migration: official website, http://www.acpmigration-obs.org/ ■■ Africa-EU Partnership: official website, http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/ ■■ Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), Information Platform: official website, http://www.aseminfoboard.org/ ■■ Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime (Bali Process): official website, http://www.baliprocess.net/ ■■ Budapest Process, a Silk Routes Partnership for Migration: official website, https://www.budapestprocess.org/ ■■ DG Employment and Social Affairs: Mutual Information System on Social Protection (MISSOC): official website, http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=815&langId=en ■■ DG Employment and Social Affairs: official website, http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=751&langId=en ■■ DG Justice: official website, webpage on the Rights of the Child, http://ec.europa.eu/justice/fundamental-rights/ rights-child/index_en.htm ■■ DG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD): official website, http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/index_en.htm ■■ EU Anti-Trafficking Coordinator: official website, http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/ ■■ Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development (Rabat Process): official website, http://www.processusderabat.net/web/index.php/activities ■■ EuropeAid: official website, webpage on the Cotonou Agreement, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/regions/ african-caribbean-and-pacific-acp-region/ cotonou-agreement_en ■■ European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex): official website, http://frontex.europa.eu 312 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 ■■ European Asylum Support Office (EASO): official website, http://easo.europa.eu/ ■■ European Citizens’ Information: official website, description of ‘freedom of movement’, http://www.citizensinformation. ie/en/moving_country/moving_abroad/ freedom_of_movement_within_the_eu/ freedom_of_movement_in_the_eu.html ■■ European Commission: European Website on Integration, http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/EU_actions_integration.cfm ■■ European Court of Human Rights: official website, http://www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=basictexts &c=#n13781175569107338240957_pointer ■■ European Database of Asylum Law (EDAL): official website, http://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/ case-law-search?search_api_views_ fulltext=group+persecution&=Search+EDAL+summaries ■■ European External Policy Advisors and Eurostep: official website, webpage on the Lisbon Treaty, http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html ■■ European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound): official website, www.eurofound.europa.eu ■■ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA): official website, http://fra.europa.eu/en ■■ European Union External Action (EEAS), Black Sea Synergy: official website, http://eeas.europa.eu/blacksea/ index_en.htm ■■ European Union External Action (EEAS): official website, webpage on the Eastern Partnership http://eeas.europa.eu/eastern/index_en.htm ■■ European Union External Action (EEAS): official website, webpage on the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) http://eeas.europa.eu/euromed/index_en.htm ■■ General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference (GDISC): official website, http://www.gdisc.org/ ■■ Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD): official website, http://www.gfmd.org/process/background ■■ Intergovernmental Consultations on migration, asylum and refugees (IGC): official website, http://www.igc.ch/ ■■ Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC): http://www.internal-displacement.org/about-us ■■ International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD): official website, https://www.icmpd.org ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO): official website, webpage on the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), http://www.ilo.org/ipec/ facts/lang--en/index.htm ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): official website, description of migration profiles, http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/what-we-do/ migration-policy-and-research/migration-research-1/ migration-profiles.html ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): official website, https://www.iom.int/cms/about-iom ■■ La Maddalena to L’aquila summit 2009 G8: official website, http://www.g8italia2009.it/G8/Home/News/ G8-G8_Layout_locale-1199882116809_AppGiustizia.htm ■■ Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative (MARRI): official website, http://www.marri-rc.org/ ■■ Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (arbeidstilsynet): official website, webpage on regulations regarding workers from the new EU-countries, http://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/ fakta.html?tid=78186 ■■ Prague Process: official website, http://www.pragueprocess.eu/english/prague-process/ ■■ Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT): official website, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/ page/portal/about_eurostat/introduction ■■ United National High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR): official website, http://www.unhcr.org/ ■■ United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Woman): official website, http://www.unwomen.org/en ■■ Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL): Towards Harmonised European Statistics on International Migration (THESIM) project: official website, https://www.uclouvain.be/ en-7823.html 5. Literature ■■ Council of Europe: COMPASS – A Manual on Human Rights Education with Young People, chapter on Discrimination and Xenophobia, http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/en/ chapter_5/5_4.html ■■ Council of Europe: Guidelines on human rights protection in the context of accelerated asylum procedures, 1 July 2009, https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1469829&Site=CM ■■ Council of Europe: White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue, May 2008, http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/intercultural/source/ white%20paper_final_revised_en.pdf ■■ DG Home Affairs (DG HOME): List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/ home-affairs/financing/fundings/migration-asylum- borders/refugee-fund/transnational-actions/docs/ erf_ca_2011_call_for_proposals_-_list_of_proposals_ selected_for_funding_en.pdf ■■ DG Justice, Freedom and Security (DG JLS): Handbook on Integration for policy-makers and practitioners, May 2007, http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/UDRW/images/items/ docl_1214_371021031.pdf ■■ European Asylum Support Office (EASO): Age assessment practice in Europe, December 2013, http://easo.europa.eu/ wp-content/uploads/EASO-Age-assessment-practice-in- Europe.pdf 313 ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/ networks/european_migration_network/reports/docs/ ad-hoc-queries/protection/223._emn_ad-hoc_query_ system_of_medical_treatment_of_asylum_seekers_in_ ms_3may2010__wider_dissemina_en.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Return Migration, 2007, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ return-migration/0a._emn__return_migration_study_ synthesis_report_may07_en.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Family Reunification, 2008, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/ networks/european_migration_network/reports/ docs/emn-studies/family-reunification/ emn__family_reunification_synthesis_report_jan08_en.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): EMN: Policies on Reception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study, 2010, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what- we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ reports/docs/emn-studies/unaccompanied-minors/ 0._emn_synthesis_report_unaccompanied_minors_ publication_sept10_en.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Programmes and strategies in the EU Member States fostering assisted return to and reintegration in Third Countries, 2011, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ assisted-return/0_emn_synthesis_report_assisted_return_ and_reintegration_final_version_22march2011_en.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Misuse of family reunification, 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ reports/docs/emn-studies/family-reunification/ 0a_emn_misuse_family_reunification_study_ publication_bf_en.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): The Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ reports/docs/emn-studies/emn_second_ focussedstudy2013_oganisation_of_reception_ facilities_final_version_28feb2014.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and forced return procedures, 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/ home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_ network/reports/docs/emn-studies/emn_synthesis_ identification_victims_trafficking_final_13march2014.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Migrants access to social security and healthcare: policies and practice, 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ emn_synthesis_report_migrant_access_to_social_ security_2014_en.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ reports/studies/results/irregular-migration/index_en.htm ■■ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA): Developing indicators for the protection, respect and promotion of the rights of the child in the European Union, March 2009, http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/ developing-indicators-protection-respect-and-promotion- rights-child-european-union ■■ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA): Study on separated, asylum seeking children in EU Member States, 2010, http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ fra_uploads/1692-SEPAC-comparative-report_EN.pdf ■■ European University Institute: the Development of the EU Asylum Policy: Revisiting the Venue-shopping Argument, http://www.eui.eu/Documents/RSCAS/Research/ MWG/201011/10-27-Kaunert.pdf ■■ Eurostat: Demographic statistics: Definitions and methods of collection in 31 European Countries (Working Papers and Studies, 3/2003/E/no25), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-CC-03-005-EN.pdf ■■ Eurostat: Trafficking in human beings (Methodologies and Working Papers), 2013, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/ cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-13-005/EN/ KS-RA-13-005-EN.PDF ■■ Global Forum on Migration and Development: Repository of Migration Profiles, http://www.gfmd.org/pfp/policy-tools/ migration-profiles/repository ■■ International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD): Regularisations in Europe (REGINE) Study on practices in the area of regularisation of illegally staying third-country nationals in the Member States of the European Union, February 2009, http://research.icmpd.org/ fileadmin/Research-Website/Logos/Publications/REGINE_ Policy_Brief.pdf ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO): ISCO-88, International Standard Classification of Occupations. International Labour Office, Geneva 1990, http://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/ meetingdocument/wcms_087943.pdf ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): World Migration Report, 2008, http://publications.iom.int/ bookstore/free/WMR_1.pdf ■■ Malgesini and Giménez: Guía de conceptos sobre migraciones racismo e inteculturalidad, 2000, not available online ■■ Migration Policy Institute: Skilled Immigrants in the Global Economy: Prospects for International Cooperation on Recognition of Foreign Qualifications, 2013, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/ international-cooperation-recognition-foreign-qualifications 314 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 ■■ Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE): National referral mechanism: joining efforts to protect the rights of trafficked persons, 2004, http://www.osce.org/odihr/13967?download=true ■■ Oxford Migration Observatory: Migration Observatory Response to House of Lords EU Home Affairs Subcommittee’s inquiry into the European Commission’s Communication on a ‘Global Approach to Migration and Mobility’, 25 July 2012, http://migrationobservatory.ox.ac. uk/migration-observatory-response-call-evidence ■■ United Nations: Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, http://www.unhcr.org/43ce1cff2.html ■■ United Nations Economic Commission for Europe: Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing, 2010, http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_ English.pdf ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection - handbook, 1996, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3510.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Note on Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims, 16 December 1998, http://www.refworld.org/ docid/3ae6b3338.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Beyond Proof - Credibility Assessment in EU Asylum Systems, 2013, http://www.unhcr.org/51a8a08a9.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Draft Proposal for a Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative: EU solidarity for rescue-at-sea, protection and comprehensive responses, 2013, http://www.refworld.org/ pdfid/52c172f84.pdf ■■ United Nations Statistics: Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ publication/SeriesM/SeriesM_58rev1e.pdf ■■ Varandas, I. and J. Martins: Signalling Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation – Construction of a Guide, 2007, not available online ■■ World Bank: Committee on Payment and Settlement System – General principles for remittances, January 2007, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NEWS/Resources/ GeneralPrinciplesforIntRemittances.pdf 315 • (civil) war refugee 56 • 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 135 • 1951 Geneva Convention 135 • 1967 Geneva Protocol 135 • 5+5 Dialogue 129 • 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean 129 • absconding (risk of) 253 • absconding 10 • accelerated international protection procedure 11 • accelerated procedure for international protection 11 • access to healthcare 12 • accommodation centre 13 • acculturation 13 • ACP-EC Partnership Agreement 65 • ACP 20 • ACP Observatory on Migration 20 • acquis 102 • acquisition of citizenship 14 • act of persecution 15 • actor of persecution 16 • actor of protection 16 • adaptation 17 • admission onto the territory 17 • adoption (of a child) 18 • adoption (of legal acts) 18 • adoption of convenience 19 • adult 19 • affirmative action 213 • Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership 21 • Africa-EU MME Partnership 21 • Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration 20 • age assessment 22 • airport transit visa 23 • alien 23 • alternative to detention 24 • amnesty (in the context of migration) 234 • applicant for international protection (rejected) 236 • applicant for international protection 25 • applicant in need of special procedural guarantees 26 • applicant with special reception needs 27 • application for asylum 28 • application for international protection (examination of) 118 • application for international protection (unfounded) 291 • application for international protection (withdrawal of) 304 • application for international protection 29 • apprehension 30 • ASEM 30 • Asia-Europe Meeting 30 • assimilation 31 • assisted voluntary return 31 • asylum (application for) 28 • asylum (first country of) 128 • asylum (right of) 249 • asylum (right to) 250 • asylum 32 • asylum applicant 33 • asylum application 28 • asylum case worker 47 • asylum determination officer 47 • asylum seeker 33 • asylum shopping 34 • au pair 35 • Bali Process 36 • Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime 36 • Barcelona Process 109 • beneficiary of international protection 37 • biometric data 37 • biometrics 37 • black market 161 • Black Sea Synergy 38 • border (external EU) 122 • border (internal EU) 166 • border area 39 • border control 39 • border crossing 40 • border crossing point 40 • border resident 41 • brain circulation 41 • brain drain 42 • brain gain 42 • brain waste 43 • Budapest Process 44 • burden of proof 45 • business migrant 148 • carrier 46 • case officer 47 • case worker 47 • case worker in procedures for international protection 47 • CEAS 59 • Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration 48 English index EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 316 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • chain migration 49 • Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 50 • child (separated) 264 • child 51 • child labour 52 • CH national 283 • CIA 57 • circular migration 53 • CIREFI 48 • citizen (union) 292 • citizenship (acquisition of) 14 • citizenship (dual) 87 • citizenship (loss of) 183 • citizenship 54 • civil partnership of convenience 55 • clandestine employment 154, 161 • clandestine migrant 172 • clandestine migration 173 • COI 68 • Committee on Immigration and Asylum 57 • Common Basic Principles 58 • Common Basic Principles for immigrant integration policy 58 • Common European Asylum System 59 • Community preference 292 • compulsory labour 130 • compulsory return 60, 132 • compulsory work 130 • contract migrant worker 61 • contract worker 61 • Convention grounds for persecution 62 • Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement 257 • Convention of 28 July 1951 relating to the status of refugees and its New York Protocol of 31 January 1967 135 • Convention refugee 63 • cooperation platform 64 • Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development 64 • Cotonou Agreement 65 • Cotonou Partnership Agreement 65 • country information 68 • country of asylum (first) 128 • country of birth 66 • country of destination 66 • country of first asylum 128 • country of nationality 67 • country of origin (safe) 254 • country of origin 67 • country of origin information 68 • country of return 69 • country of transit 70 • credibility assessment 70 • crime against humanity 71 • cross-border commuter 72 • cross-border worker 72 • CRSR 135 • crude rate of net migration 73 • cultural assimiliation 31 • cultural diversity 74 • cultural pluralism 75 • culture 75 • decision-maker 47 • de facto population 76 • de facto refugee 77 • de jure population 78 • dependant 78 • deportation 79, 238 • deportation order 239 • detainee 80 • detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings 80 • detention 81 • detention centre 82 • detention facility 82 • determining asylum authority 83 • determining authority 83 • Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration 84 • diaspora 85 • direct discrimination 85 • discrimination (direct) 85 • discrimination (indirect) 160 • discrimination (positive) 213 • discrimination (racial) 223 • displaced person (environmentally) 99 • displaced person 86 • dual citizenship 87 • Dublin Convention 88 • Dublin procedure 88 • Dublin Regulation 89 • Dublin transfer 90 • durable solutions 91 • EAP 92 • EASO 111 • Eastern Partnership 92 • ECHR 113 • economic migrant 93 • economic migration 94 • economic refugee 93 • EEA national 283 • emigrant 94 • emigration 95 • EMN 114 • employee 95 • employer 96 • employer sanction 96 • employment (highly qualified) 147 • employment (illegal) 154 • employment 97 • enforcement measure 97 • ENP 115 • entry (irregular) 171 317 • entry (legal) 177 • entry ban 98 • environmentally-driven migrant 99 • environmentally displaced person 99 • environmental refugee 99 • equal opportunities 218 • equal treatment (principle of) 218 • ethnic cleansing 100 • ethnicity 101 • ethnic nationality 101 • EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration 105 • EU acquis 102 • EU Blue Card 103 • EU Blue Card holder 103 • EU citizen 292 • EU Immigration Portal 104 • EUIP 104 • EU mobility 170 • Eurasil 106 • Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development 107 • Euro-African Ministerial Conference on Migration and Development 107 • Euro-Mediterranean Partnership 109 • Eurodac 108 • EUROMED 109 • European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union 110 • European Asylum Support Office 111 • European Border Surveillance System 112 • European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 113 • European Convention on Human Rights 113 • European Migration Network 114 • European Neighbourhood Policy 115 • European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights 116 • Eurostat 117 • EUROSUR 112 • examination of an application for international protection 118 • exclusion clause 119 • exodus 119 • exploitation 120 • expulsion 120 • expulsion decision 121 • expulsion order 121 • external EU border 122 • failed applicant 236 • failed asylum seeker 236 • false declaration of parenthood 123 • false identity document 133 • false travel document 133 • family formation 124 • family life (right to) 250 • family member 125 • family migration 126 • family reunification 127 • family reunion 127 • family unity (right to) 251 • final decision 128 • first asylum principle 128 • first country of asylum 128 • flow (migration) 192 • forced labour 130 • forced marriage 130 • forced migrant 131 • forced migration 131 • forced return 60, 132 • foreigner 23 • foreign population of a country 132 • foreign worker 189 • forged identity document 133 • forged travel document 133 • FRA 116 • fraudulent identity document 133 • fraudulent travel document 133 • fraudulent travel or identity document 133 • freedom of movement 252 • free movement (right to) 252 • free movement 170 • FRONTEX 110 • frontier worker 134 • Fundamental Rights Agency 116 • G8 Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group 142 • GAM 139 • GAMM 139 • GDISC 137 • gender 136 • General Directors of Immigration Services Conference 137 • Geneva Convention and Protocol 135 • Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 135 • Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol 135 • genocide 138 • GFMD 140 • Global Approach to Migration 139 • Global Approach to Migration and Mobility 139 • Global Forum on Migration and Development 140 • grounds for persecution 62 • group determination of refugee status 141 • Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group, Migration Experts Sub-Group 142 • group persecution 143 • guest worker 144, 189 • habitual residence 294 • harassment 145 • harmful onward movement 145 • healthcare (access to) 12 • healthcare benefits 12 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 318 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration 146 • highly qualified employment 147 • highly qualified migrant 148 • highly qualified migrant worker 148 • highly skilled migrant 148 • HLWG 146 • host country 149 • host Member State 149 • host society 150 • humanitarian protection 152 • human rights 150 • human rights law 151 • human trafficking 287 • ICONet 162 • identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings 153 • identified victim of trafficking in human beings 153 • IDP 167 • IGC 165 • illegal employment 154 • illegal employment of a legally staying third‑country national 156 • illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country national 155 • illegal entry 171 • illegal immigration 173 • illegally resident migrant 284 • illegally staying migrant 284 • illegally staying third-country national 284 • illegal migrant 172 • illegal migration 173 • illegal stay 174 • ILO 158 • immigrant 157 • immigrant population 188 • immigration 157 • Immigration and Asylum Committee 57 • Immigration Liaison Officer 158 • immigration programme 159 • immigration quota 159 • inculturation 13 • independent return 299 • indirect discrimination 160 • informal economy 161 • Information and Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration Management Services 162 • insufficiently documented migrant 172 • integration (National Contact Points on) 201 • integration 163 • Inter-EU migration 170 • intercultural dialogue 164 • interculturalism 198 • Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees 165 • internal EU border 166 • internal Schengen border 166 • International Organization for Migration 167 • international protection (applicant for) 25 • international protection (application for) 29 • international protection (beneficiary of) 37 • international protection (examination of application for) 118 • international protection (withdrawal of) 305 • international protection 168 • international refugee law 232 • intra-corporate transferee 169 • Intra-EU migration 170 • intra-EU mobility 170 • intra EU / EFTA-mobility 170 • IOM 167 • irregular entry 171 • irregular entry 171 • irregular migrant 172 • irregular migration 173 • irregular secondary movement of migrants 262 • irregular stay 174 • ius sanguinis 174 • ius soli 175 • jus sanguinis 174 • jus soli 175 • labour (forced) 130 • labour market test 176 • labour migrant 189 • labour migration 177 • legal entry 177 • legalisation 234 • legal migration 178 • Lisbon Treaty 179 • LMT 176 • local border traffic 180 • long-stay visa 182 • long-term migrant 180 • long-term migration 181 • long-term resident 182 • loss of citizenship 183 • loss of nationality 183 • managed migration 184 • mandate refugee 184 • MARRI 191 • marriage of convenience 185 • mass influx 185 • material reception conditions 186 • medical benefits 12 • migrant (economic) 93 • migrant (forced) 131 • migrant (highly qualfied) 148 • migrant (irregular) 172 • migrant (secondary movement of) 262 • migrant 187 • migrant in an irregular siuation 172 • migrant stock 188 319 • migrant worker (contract) 61 • migrant worker 189 • migration (chain) 49 • migration (circular) 53 • migration (crude rate of net) 73 • migration (economic) 94 • migration (family) 126 • migration (forced) 131 • migration (irregular) 173 • migration (managed) 184 • Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative 191 • migration 190 • migration flow (mixed) 196 • migration flow 192 • migration management 184 • migration profile 193 • migration routes initiative 194 • migratory flow 192 • MIM 199 • minimum standards 194 • minor (unaccompanied) 290 • minor 195 • minority 196 • mixed migration flow 196 • MME Partnership 21 • mobility partnership 197 • MP 197 • MRA 200 • MTM 84 • multiculturalism 198 • multiple citizenship 87 • multiple nationality 87 • mutual information mechanism concerning Member States’ measures in the area of asylum and immigration 199 • mutual recognition agreement 200 • National Contact Points on Integration 201 • national cooperation mechanism 202 • nationality 54, 101 • national liaison officer 158 • national referral mechanism 202 • naturalisation 203 • NCPI 201 • net migration 203 • non-citizen 23 • non-EU national 204 • non-national 23 • non-refoulement 205 • NRM 202 • nuclear family 205 • objective grounds for seeking asylum occurring after the applicant’s departure from their country of origin 233 • obligation to leave 247 • obligation to return 247 • occupation 206 • organised criminal group 207 • overstay(er) 208 • Palermo Protocol 209 • partnership of convenience 209 • permanent-type migration 181 • permanent migration 181 • permit (residence) 245 • persecution (act of) 15 • persecution (actor of) 16 • persecution 210 • person eligible for subsidiary protection 211 • person in a migratory context 212 • person of migrant origin 212 • person with a migratory background 212 • population (de facto) 76 • population (de jure) 78 • population (usually resident) 295 • population stock 213 • positive action 213 • positive discrimination 213 • posted worker 214 • postponement of removal 215 • Prague Process 216 • Prague Process – Building Migration Partnerships 216 • presumed victim of trafficking in human beings 217 • prima facie determination of refugee status 141 • prima facie refugee 217 • principle of equal treatment 218 • principle of family unity 251 • procedural guarantees 219 • Programme (Stockholm) 274 • Programme refugee 242 • protection (actor of) 16 • protection (humanitarian) 152 • protection (international) 11 • protection 220 • pull factor 220 • push-pull factor 221 • push factor 221 • qualifications (recognition of foreign) 228 • quota 222 • quota refugee 242 • Rabat Process 107 • RABIT 225 • racial discrimination 223 • racism 224 • Rapid Border Intervention Team 225 • re-entry ban 98 • readmission agreement 225 • real risk of suffering serious harm 226 • reasons for persecution 62 • receiving country 149 • reception centre 227 • reception conditions (material) 186 • reception conditions 227 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 320 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • recognised refugee 63 • recognition of foreign qualifications 228 • Reform Treaty 179 • refoulement 229 • refugee ([civil] war) 56 • refugee (Convention) 63 • refugee (de facto) 77 • refugee (mandate) 184 • refugee (prima facie) 217 • refugee (resettled) 242 • refugee (statutory) 273 • refugee 230 • Refugee Convention 135 • refugee in orbit 231 • refugee in transit 231 • refugee law 232 • refugee status 232 • refugee sur place 233 • refusal of entry 233 • regional protection programme 234 • regularisation 234 • regular migration 178 • reintegration 235 • rejected applicant 236 • rejected applicant for international protection 236 • relocation 237 • remain in the Member State 237 • remittance 238 • removal 79, 238 • removal order 239 • remunerated trainee 239 • repatriation 240 • representative 241 • researcher 241 • resettled person 242 • resettled refugee 242 • resettlement 243 • resettlement programme 244 • residence (right of) 249 • residence (usual) 294 • residence document 244 • residence permit 245 • resident (long-term) 182 • return (compulsory) 60 • return 246 • return decision 247 • returnee 248 • return migration 246 • return programme 248 • reverse brain drain 42 • right of asylum 249 • right of residence 249 • right to asylum 250 • right to family life 250 • right to family unity 251 • right to free movement 252 • right to remain pending the decision 280 • right to remain pending the examination of an application 280 • right to reside 249 • right to seek asylum 250 • risk of absconding 253 • Roma-Lyon Group 142 • safe country of origin 254 • safe third country (concept of) 255 • safe third country 255 • Schengen Agreement 256 • Schengen Borders Code 257 • Schengen Convention 257 • Schengen Information System 258 • Schengen Visa Code 298 • school pupil 259 • SCIFA 276 • seasonal migrant 260 • seasonal worker 260 • seasonal worker migrant 260 • second-generation immigrant 261 • second-generation migrant 261 • secondary migrant 262 • secondary movement of asylum seekers and refugees 262 • secondary movement of migrants 262 • second generation Schengen Information System 258 • segregation 263 • self-employed person 263 • separated child 264 • serious harm 264 • sex 265 • short-stay visa 266 • short-term migrant 265 • short-term migration 266 • short-term visa 266 • single application procedure 267 • single permit 267 • SIS 258 • SIS II 258 • smuggling of migrants 268 • social dumping 269 • social exclusion 268 • social inclusion 269 • social protection benefits 270 • social security 271 • Söderköping Process 92 • special procedural guarantees (applicant in need of) 26 • special reception needs (applicant with) 27 • speedy asylum procedure 11 • speedy international protection procedure 11 • sponsor 271 • spontaneous migration 272 • stateless person 272 321 • state of nationality 67 • statutory refugee 273 • Stockholm Programme 274 • stock of foreigners 275 • stock of migrants 188 • stranded migrant 275 • Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum 276 • student 277 • subsequent application for international protection 277 • subsidiary protection (person eligible for) 211 • subsidiary protection 278 • subsidiary protection status 279 • suspension of removal 215 • suspensive effect 280 • temporary external border 281 • temporary migration 281 • temporary protection 282 • The Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 135 • third-country national 283 • third-country national found to be illegally present 284 • third-country national mobility 170 • third country 282 • tolerated stay 215 • torture 285 • total migration 286 • trafficking in human beings (detection of a victim of) 80 • trafficking in human beings 287 • trainee (unremunerated) 294 • trainee 286 • transfer order 288 • transit 288 • transit visa 266 • travel document 289 • Treaty of Lisbon 179 • UASC 290 • UfM 109 • unaccompanied and separated child 290 • unaccompanied minor 290 • unauthorised migrant 172 • unauthorised migration 173 • undocumented migrant 172 • undocumented migration 173 • unfounded application for international protection 291 • UNHCR 293 • UNHCR 293 • union citizen 292 • Union for the Mediterranean 109 • union preference 292 • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 293 • usually resident population 295 • usual residence 294 • victimisation 296 • victim of trafficking in human beings (identification of) 153 • victim of trafficking in human beings (identified) 153 • VIS 299 • visa (airport transit) 23 • visa (long-stay) 182 • visa (short-stay) 266 • visa 297 • Visa Code 298 • visa facilitation agreement 298 • Visa Information System 299 • voluntary departure 299 • voluntary repatriation 300 • voluntary return 300 • vulnerable person 301 • war crime 302 • well-founded fear of persecution 303 • Western Mediterranean Forum 129 • withdrawal of an application for international protection 304 • withdrawal of international protection 305 • withdrawal of refugee status 305 • worker (cross-border) 72 • worker (posted) 214 • xenophobia 306 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 322 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • accès aux soins de santé 12 • Accord de Cotonou 65 • accord de réadmission 225 • accord de reconnaissance mutuelle 200 • accord de Schengen 256 • accord visant à faciliter la délivrance de visas 298 • acculturation 13 • acquis communautaire 102 • acquisition de la citoyenneté 14 • actes de persécution 15 • acteur de la persécution 16 • acteur de la protection 16 • adaptation 17 • admission sur le territoire 17 • adoption 18 • adoption de complaisance 19 • adulte 19 • afflux de cerveaux 42 • afflux massif 185 • Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne 116 • Agence européenne pour la gestion de la coopération opérationnelle aux frontières extérieures des États membres de l’Union européenne 110 • agent responsable du traitement d’une demande de protection internationale 47 • aide au retour volontaire  31 • alternative à la détention / rétention 24 • apatride 272 • appréhension, arrestation 30 • approche globale sur la question des migrations 139 • asile 32 • assimilation 31 • atteinte grave 264 • au pair 35 • autorité responsable de la détermination 83 • bénéficiaire d’une protection internationale 37 • Bureau européen d’appui en matière d’asile 111 • carte bleue européenne 103 • centre d’accueil (pour demandeurs d’asile) 227 • centre de rétention 82 • centre d’hébergement 13 • Centre d’information, de réflexion et d’échanges en matière de franchissement des frontières et d’immigration 48 • charge de la preuve 45 • Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne 50 • chercheur 241 • circulation des cerveaux 41 • citoyen de l’Union européenne 292 • citoyenneté 54 • clause d’exclusion 119 • code des visas 298 • code frontières Schengen 257 • Comité stratégique sur l’immigration, les frontières et l’asile 276 • Comité sur l’immigration et l’asile 57 • conditions d’accueil 227 • conditions matérielles d’accueil 186 • Conférence des directeurs généraux des services d’immigration 137 • constitution de la famille 124 • Consultations intergouvernementales sur les politiques d’asile, de réfugiés et de migrations 165 • contrôle aux frontières 39 • Convention de Dublin 88 • Convention de Genève de 1951 et Protocole de 1967 135 • convention de Schengen 257 • Convention européenne des droits de l’homme 113 • crainte fondée de persécution 303 • crime contre l’humanité 71 • crime organisé 206 • crimes de guerre 302 • culture 75 • décision d’éloignement 121 • décision de retour 247 • décision finale 128 • demande d’asile 28 • demande de protection internationale 29 • demande de protection internationale infondée 291 • demande ultérieure de protection internationale 277 • demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers en matière d’accueil 27 • demandeur d’asile 33 • demandeur de protection internationale 25 • demandeur de protection internationale débouté 236 • demandeur nécessitant des garanties procédurales spéciales 26 • départ volontaire 299 • détection d’une victime de la traite des êtres humains 80 • détermination collective du statut de réfugié 141 • détermination de l’âge 22 • Dialogue 5+5 sur la migration en Méditerranée occidentale 129 • Dialogue euro-africain sur la migration et le développement 107 French index 323 • dialogue interculturel 164 • Dialogue structuré sur les migrations entre l’UE et les pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (ALC) 105 • Dialogue sur la migration de transit en Méditerranée  84 • diaspora 85 • discrimination directe 85 • discrimination indirecte 160 • discrimination positive 213 • discrimination raciale 223 • diversité culturelle 74 • document de voyage 289 • document de voyage ou d’identité frauduleux 133 • données biométriques 37 • double nationalité 87 • droit à la libre circulation 252 • droit à la vie familiale 250 • droit à l’unité familiale 251 • droit d’asile 249, 250 • droit de séjour 249 • droit des réfugiés 232 • droit du sang 174 • droit du sol 175 • droit relatif aux droits de l’homme 151 • droits de l’homme 150 • dumping social 269 • économie informelle 161 • effet suspensif 280 • élève 259 • éloignement 79, 238 • émigrant  94 • émigration 95 • emploi 97 • emploi hautement qualifié 147 • emploi illégal 154 • emploi illegal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers en séjour irrégulier 155 • emploi illégal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers en séjour régulier 156 • employeur 96 • enfant 51 • enfant séparé 264 • entrée irrégulière 171 • entrée légale 177 • envois de fonds 238 • équipes d’intervention rapide aux frontières 225 • État membre d’accueil 149 • étranger 23 • étudiant 277 • Eurasil 106 • Eurodac 108 • Eurostat 117 • évaluation de la crédibilité 70 • examen du marché de l’emploi / du travail 176 • examen d’une demande de protection internationale 118 • exclusion sociale 268 • exploitation 120 • expulsion 120 • facteur d’attraction 220 • facteur d’attraction-répulsion 221 • facteur de répulsion 221 • famille nucléaire 205 • fausse déclaration de parentalité 123 • flux migratoire 192 • flux migratoire mixte 196 • Forum mondial sur la migration et le développement 140 • franchissement de la frontière 40 • frontalier 41 • frontière extérieure de l’UE 122 • frontière extérieure temporaire 281 • frontière intérieure de l’UE 166 • fuite 10 • fuite des cerveaux 42 • fuite massive 119 • garanties procédurales 219 • gaspillage des cerveaux 43 • génocide 138 • genre 136 • gestion des migrations 184 • groupe criminel organisé 207 • Groupe de haut niveau «Asile et Migration» 146 • harcèlement 145 • Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés 293 • identification d’une victime de la traite des êtres humains 153 • immigrant 157 • immigration 157 • inclusion sociale 269 • information sur le pays d’origine 68 • Initiative régionale en matière de migration, d’asile et de retour des réfugiés 191 • initiative relative aux routes migratoires 194 • intégration 163 • interdiction du territoire 98 • mariage de complaisance 185 • mariage forcé 130 • mécanisme d’information mutuelle 199 • mécanisme national d’orientation 202 • membre de la famille 125 • mesure d’éloignement 239 • mesure d’exécution 97 • migrant 187 • migrant de courte durée 265 • migrant de la deuxième génération 261 • migrant de longue durée 180 • migrant économique 93 • migrant en détresse 275 • migrant en séjour irrégulier 172 • migrant forcé 131 • migrant hautement qualifié 148 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 324 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • migration 190 • migration circulaire 53 • migration de courte durée 266 • migration de longue durée 181 • migration de travail; migration de main‑d’oeuvre 177 • migration économique 94 • migration en chaîne 49 • migration forcée 131 • migration irrégulière 173 • migration légale 178 • migration pour des raisons familiales 126 • migration spontanée 272 • migration temporaire 281 • mineur 195 • mineur isolé étranger 290 • minorité 196 • mobilité intra-UE 170 • motifs de persécution au sens de la Convention de Genève 62 • mouvement secondaire dangereux 145 • mouvement secondaire de migrants 262 • multiculturalisme 198 • naturalisation 203 • nettoyage ethnique 100 • non-refoulement; interdiction de retour forcé (LU) 205 • non-ressortissant d’un État membre 204 • normes minimales 194 • obligation de retour 60 • obligation de transfert 288 • Observatoire Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique sur les migrations 20 • officier de liaison «Immigration» 158 • Organisation internationale pour les migrations 167 • origine ethnique 101 • Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, la mobilité et l’emploi 21 • partenariat civil de complaisance 55 • partenariat de complaisance 209 • Partenariat oriental 92 • partenariat pour la mobilité 197 • pays d’accueil 149 • pays de destination 66 • pays de naissance 66 • pays de nationalité 67 • pays de premier asile 128 • pays de retour 69 • pays de transit 70 • pays d’origine 67 • pays d’origine sûr 254 • pays tiers 282 • pays tiers sûr 255 • permis de séjour 245 • permis unique 267 • persécution 210 • persécution à l’encontre d’un groupe 143 • personne à charge 78 • personne dépassant la durée de séjour autorisée 208 • personne déplacée 86 • personne déplacée à l’intérieure de son propre pays 167 • personne déplacée pour des raisons environnementales 99 • personne faisant l’objet d’un transfert temporaire intragroupe 169 • personne issue de l’immigration 212 • personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection subsidiaire 211 • personne retenue 80 • personne vulnérable 301 • perte de la citoyenneté 183 • Plate-forme de coopération sur la migration et le développement 64 • pluralisme culturel 75 • point de passage frontalier 40 • Points de contact nationaux en matière d’intégration 201 • Politique européenne de voisinage 115 • population de droit 78 • population de fait 76 • population étrangère d’un pays 132 • population résidente 295 • Portail de l’UE sur l’immigration 104 • préférence communautaire 292 • prestations de protection sociale 270 • principe d’égalité de traitement 218 • principes de base communs 58 • procédure accélérée de traitement d’une demande de protection internationale 11 • procédure de demande unique 267 • procédure de Dublin 88 • Processus de Bali 36 • Processus de Budapest 44 • Processus de Prague 216 • profession 206 • profil migratoire 193 • programme d’aide au retour 248 • programme de réinstallation 244 • Programme de Stockholm 274 • programme d’immigration 159 • programme régional de protection 234 • protection 220 • protection humanitaire 152 • protection internationale 168 • protection subsidiaire 278 • protection temporaire 282 • Protocole de Palerme 209 • quota 222 • quota d’immigration 159 • racisme 224 • rapatrié 248 325 • rapatriement 240 • reconnaissance des qualifications acquises à l’étranger 228 • refoulement 229 • réfugié 230 • réfugié au sens de la Convention de Genève 63 • réfugié de facto 77 • réfugié de guerre (civile) 56 • réfugié en orbite 231 • réfugié en transit 231 • réfugié prima facie 217 • réfugié réinstallé 242 • réfugié relevant du mandat du HCR 184 • réfugié statutaire 273 • réfugié sur place 233 • refus d’entrée 233 • régime d’asile européen commun 59 • Règlement de Dublin 89 • regroupant 271 • regroupement familial 127 • régularisation 234 • réinstallation 243 • réintégration 235 • relocalisation 237 • report de l’éloignement 215 • représentant 241 • Réseau d’information et de coordination sécurisé connecté à l’internet pour les services des États membres chargés de  la gestion des flux migratoires (ICONet) 162 • Réseau européen des migrations 114 • résidence habituelle 294 • résident de longue durée 182 • ressortissant d’un pays tiers 283 • ressortissant d’un pays tiers en séjour irrégulier 284 • rester dans l’État membre 237 • rétention  81 • rétorsion 296 • retour 246 • retour volontaire 300 • retrait de la protection internationale 305 • retrait d’une demande de protection internationale 304 • retrait du statut de réfugié 305 • Réunion Asie-Europe 30 • risque de fuite 253 • risque réel de subir des atteintes graves 226 • salarié 95 • sanction à l’encontre d’un employeur 96 • sécurité sociale 271 • ségrégation 263 • séjour irrégulier 174 • sexe 265 • société d’accueil 150 • solde migratoire 203 • solutions durables 91 • sous-groupe des experts en migrations du Groupe de Lyon / Rome (G8) 142 • stagiaire 286 • stagiaire non rémunéré 294 • stagiaire rémunéré 239 • statut conféré par la protection subsidiaire 279 • statut de réfugié 232 • stock de migrants 188 • stock de population 213 • stock d’étrangers 275 • structures d’accueil 228 • Synergie de la mer Noire 38 • Système d’information Schengen 258 • Système d’information sur les visas 299 • Système européen de surveillance des frontières extérieures 112 • taux brut de solde migratoire 73 • titre de séjour 244 • titulaire d’une carte bleue européenne 103 • torture 285 • trafic d’êtres humains 268 • trafic frontalier local 180 • Traité de Lisbonne 179 • traite des êtres humains 287 • Transfert Dublin 90 • transit 288 • transporteur 46 • travail des enfants 52 • travail forcé 130 • travailleur détaché 214 • travailleur étranger 144 • travailleur frontalier 134 • travailleur indépendant 263 • travailleur migrant 189 • travailleur migrant sous contrat 61 • travailleur saisonnier 260 • travailleur transfrontalier 72 • Union pour la Méditerranée 109 • victime identifiée de la traite des êtres humains 153 • victime présumée de la traite des êtres humains 217 • visa 297 • visa de court séjour 266 • visa de long séjour 182 • visa de transit aéroportuaire 23 • volume migratoire 286 • xénophobie 306 • zone frontalière 39 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 326 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • 5+5 Dialog über Migration im Westlichen Mittelmeerraum 129 • Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes 305 • abgelehnter Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz 236 • Abschiebung 79, 238 • Abschiebungsanordnung 239 • Abschiebungshaft  81 • Abstammungsprinzip / Ius sanguinis 174 • Abwanderer, Auswanderer, Emigrant 94 • Abwanderung, Auswanderung, Emigration 95 • Adoption 18 • Afrika-EU Partnerschaft in den Bereichen Migration, Mobilität und Beschäftigung 21 • Agentur der Europäischen Union für Grundrechte 116 • Akkulturation 13 • Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann 16 • Akteur, von dem eine Verfolgung oder ein ernsthafter Schaden ausgehen kann 16 • alleinstehendes Kind 264 • Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Inhaftnahme, Haftalternative; Alternative zur Schubhaft / gelinderes Mittel (AT) 24 • Altersfeststellung 22 • Anerkennung ausländischer Qualifikationen 228 • Anpassung, Adaptation 17 • Antrag auf internationalen Schutz 29 • Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz 25 • Antragsteller, der besondere Verfahrensgarantien benötigt 26 • Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedürfnissen bei der Aufnahme 27 • Anzahl der Einwanderer 188 • Arbeitgeber 96 • Arbeitgebersanktion, Sanktion gegen einen Arbeitgeber 96 • Arbeitnehmer 95 • Arbeitsmarkttest 176 • Arbeitsmigrant, Wanderarbeiter, Wanderarbeitnehmer 189 • Arbeitsmigration 177 • Asien-Europa-Treffen 30 • Assimilation 31 • Asyl 32 • Asylantrag 28 • Asylbehörde 83 • Asylbewerber (EU acquis) / Asylwerber (AT) 33 • Asyl-Shopping 34 • Aufenthaltsrecht 249 • Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis) 244 • Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); Aufenthaltserlaubnis, Niederlassungserlaubnis (DE) 245 • Aufgriff, Ergreifung, Festnahme 30 • Aufnahmebedingungen, im Rahmen der Aufnahmebedingungen gewährte Vorteile 227 • Aufnahmeeinrichtung 13, 227 • Aufnahmeeinrichtungen 228 • Aufnahmegesellschaft 150 • Aufnahmeland 149 • Aufnahmemitgliedstaat 149 • aufschiebende Wirkung 280 • Au-pair 35 • Ausbeutung 120 • Ausländer 23 • Ausländerfeindlichkeit / Fremdenfeindlichkeit / Xenophobie 306 • ausländische Bevölkerung eines Landes 132 • Ausschlussklausel 119 • Ausschuss für Einwanderung und Asyl 57 • Ausweisung und Zurückweisung eines Flüchtlings 229 • Auszubildender 286 • Bali-Prozess 36 • begründete Furcht vor Verfolgung 303 • Belästigung 145 • Beobachtungsstelle für Migration in Afrika, in der Karibik und im pazifischen Raum 20 • Beschäftigung 97, 206 • beschleunigtes Verfahren für internationalen Schutz 11 • Bestand der ausländischen Wohnbevölkerung 275 • Bevölkerungs(be)stand 213 • Beweislast 45 • bezahlter Auszubildender 239 • Binnenvertriebener 167 • biologisches Geschlecht 265 • biometrische Daten 37 • Blaue Karte EU 103 • Brain Circulation 41 • Brain Drain 42 • Brain Gain 42 • Brain Waste 43 • Budapest-Prozess 44 • (Bürger-)Kriegsflüchtling 56 • Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union 50 • Cotonou-Abkommen 65 • dauerhafte Lösung 91 • De-facto-Bevölkerung / tatsächlich anwesende Bevölkerung 76 • De-facto-Flüchtling 77 German index 327 • De-jure-Bevölkerung / Familien angehöriger, dem Unterhalt gewëhrt wird 78 • Dialog über Transitmigration im Mittelmeerraum 84 • Diaspora 85 • Doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit/ Staatsbürgerschaft, Doppelstaatigkeit 87 • Drittstaat 282 • Drittstaatsangehöriger 283 • Drittstaatsangehöriger, dessen illegaler Aufenthalt festgestellt wird 284 • Dubliner Übereinkommen 88 • Dublin-Verfahren 88 • Dublin-Verordnung 89 • Durchreise, Transit 288 • Einbürgerung 203 • einheitliches Antragsverfahren 267 • Einreiseverbot 98 • einstweilige Aussetzung der Abschiebung (EU acquis), vorübergehende Aussetzung der Abschiebung, Duldung (AT, DE) Aufschub der Abschiebung (LU) 215 • entsandter Arbeitnehmer 214 • Entziehung / Aberkennung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft 305 • Erkennung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel 80 • ernsthafter Schaden 264 • erster Asylstaat, erstes Asylland 128 • Erwachsener 19 • Erwerb der Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft 14 • erzwungene Migration, Zwangsmigration 131 • ethnische Säuberung 100 • ethnische Zugehörigkeit 101 • EU-Außengrenze 122 • EU-Besitzstand 102 • EU-Binnengrenze 166 • EU-Binnenmobilität 170 • Eurodac 108 • Europäisch -afrikanischer Dialog über Migration und Entwicklung / Euro-afrikanischer Dialog über Migration und Entwicklung 107 • Europäische Agentur für die operative Zusammenarbeit an den Außengrenzen 110 • Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 113 • Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik 115 • Europäisches Grenzüberwachungssystem 112 • Europäisches Migrationsnetzwerk 114 • Europäisches Unterstützungsbüro für Asylfragen  111 • Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / Euro‑mediterrane Partnerschaft 109 • EU-Zuwanderungsportal 104 • Exodus 119 • falsche Erklärung der Elternschaft / falsche Elternschaftsangabe 123 • Familienangehöriger 125 • Familienbildung 124 • Familienzusammenführung 127 • Familienzusammenführung, Familienmigration 126 • Feststellung/ Identifizierung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel 153 • Fluchtgefahr, Gefahr unterzutauchen 253 • Flüchtling 230 • Flüchtlingsrecht 232 • Flüchtlingsstatus 232 • Flüchtling sur place 233 • Folgeantrag auf internationalen Schutz 277 • Folter 285 • Forscher 241 • freiwillige Ausreise 299 • freiwillige Rückkehr 300 • Gastarbeiter 144 • Geburtsland 66 • gefährliche Weiterwanderung 145 • gefälschtes / betrügerisches Reise‑oder Identitätsdokument 133 • gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung 200 • Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien 58 • Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem 59 • gemischte Wanderungs-/ Migrationsbewegung 196 • Genfer Konvention von 1951 und Protokoll von 1967 135 • Gesamtansatz für Migration und Mobilität 139 • gesteuerte Migration 184 • gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT,DE, LU) 275 • Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung, Prüfung der Glaubwürdigkeit 70 • Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz 218 • Grenzarbeitnehmer 134 • Grenzbewohner 41 • Grenzgänger 72 • Grenzgebiet, Grenzregion 39 • Grenzkontrolle 39 • Grenzübergang, Grenzübergangsstelle 40 • Grenzübertritt 40 • Gruppe der Acht (Rom-Lyon-Gruppe), Untergruppe von Migrationsexperten 142 • Gruppenfeststellung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft 141 • Gruppenverfolgung 143 • Häftling 80 • Haftzentrum  82 • Herkunftsländerinformation 68 • Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat 67 • hochqualifizierte Beschäftigung 147 • hochqualifizierter Migrant 148 • Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und Einwanderung 146 • Hoher Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten Nationen 293 • humanitärer Schutz 152 • identifiziertes Opfer von Menschenhandel 153 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 328 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • illegale Beschäftigung 154 • illegale Beschäftigung eines Drittstaatsangehörigen mit rechtmäßigem Aufenthalt 156 • illegale Beschäftigung eines Drittstaatsangehörigen ohne rechtmäßigen Aufenthalt 155 • Informations-, Diskussions- und Austauschzentrum für Fragen in Zusammenhang mit dem Überschreiten der Außengrenzen und der Einwanderung 48 • Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz für die Migrationsbehörden der Mitgliedstaaten 162 • informelle Wirtschaft / Schattenwirtschaft 161 • Inhaber einer Blauen Karte EU  103 • innerbetrieblich versetzte Person 169 • Integration 163 • interkultureller Dialog 164 • Internationale Organisation für Migration 167 • internationaler Schutz 168 • irreguläre Einreise 171 • irreguläre Migration 173 • irregulärer Aufenthalt 174 • irregulärer Migrant 172 • Kernfamilie 205 • Kettenmigration 49 • Kind 51 • Kinderarbeit 52 • kleiner Grenzverkehr 180 • kombinierte Erlaubnis 267 • Konferenz der Generaldirektoren der Einwanderungsbehörden 137 • Konventionsflüchtling 63 • Kooperationsplattform für Migration und Entwicklung 64 • Kriegsverbrechen 302 • Kultur 75 • kultureller Pluralismus 75 • kulturelle Vielfalt 74 • kurzfristig aufhältiger Migrant, Kurzzeit‑Migrant, temporärer Migrant 265 • kurzfristige Migration, Kurzzeit-Migration 266 • Land der Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft 67 • langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter 182 • langfristig aufhältiger Migrant, Langzeit‑Migrant 180 • langfristige Migration, Langzeit-Migration 181 • legale Einreise 177 • legale Migration 178 • Legalisierung, Regularisierung 234 • Mandatsflüchtling 184 • Massenzustrom 185 • materielle Aufnahmebedingungen 186 • Mechanismus zur gegenseitigen Information über asyl- und einwanderungspolitische Maßnahmen der Mitgliedstaaten 199 • Menschenhandel 287 • Menschenrechte 150 • Menschenrechte, internationale Menschenrechts-normen 151 • Migrant 187 • Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen, Wirtschaftsmigrant 93 • Migrant der zweiten Generation 261 • Migration 190 • Migrationsprofil 193 • Migrationsrouten-Initiative 194 • Minderheit 196 • Minderjähriger 195 • Minimumstandards 194 • mittelbare Diskriminierung 160 • Mobilitätspartnerschaft 197 • Multikulturalismus 198 • Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration 201 • nationaler Überweisungsmechanismus 202 • Nettomigration 203 • Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen Union (Eurasil) 106 • neuangesiedelter Flüchtling 242 • Neuansiedlung 243 • Neuansiedlungsprogramm 244 • Nicht-EU-Bürger 204 • Nichtzurückweisung, Non-refoulement, Schutz vor Zurückweisung, Verbot der Ausweisung und Zurückweisung 205 • organisierte Kriminalität 206 • organisierte kriminelle Gruppe / Vereinigung 207 • Östliche Partnerschaft 92 • Overstayer, rechtswidrige Überschreitung eines befristeten Aufenthalts 208 • Palermo-Protokoll 209 • Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde 37 • Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz 211 • Person mit Migrationshintergrund 212 • positive Diskriminierung 213 • Prager Prozess 216 • Prima-Facie Flüchtling 217 • Prüfung eines Antrags auf internationalen Schutz 118 • Pull-Faktor 220 • Push-Faktor 221 • Push-Pull-Faktor 221 • Quote 222 • Rassismus 224 • rassistische Diskriminierung / Rassendiskriminierung 223 • Recht, Asyl zu gewähren; Asylrecht (DE) 249 • Recht auf Asyl 250 • Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung des Familienverbandes 251 • Recht auf Familienleben 250 • Recht auf Freizügigkeit 252 329 • rechtskräftige Entscheidung 128 • Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und Flüchtlingsinitiative 191 • Regionales Schutzprogramm 234 • Reintegration 235 • Reisedokument 289 • Repatriierung 240 • rohe Netto-Migrationsrate 73 • Rückführung (EU acquis); Ausweisung (DE) 120 • Rückführungsentscheidung (EU acquis); Ausweisungsentscheidung (DE, LU) 121 • Rückkehr 246 • Rückkehrentscheidung (EU acquis); Rückführungsentscheidung (DE) 247 • Rückkehrer 248 • Rückkehrland 69 • Rückkehrprogramm 248 • Rücknahme des Antrags auf internationalen Schutz 304 • Rückübernahmeabkommen 225 • Rücküberweisung 238 • Sachbearbeiter in  Verfahren für internationalen Schutz / Referent in Verfahren für internationalen Schutz (AT) 47 • Saisonarbeiter 260 • Scheinadoption 19 • Scheinehe 185 • Scheinpartnerschaft 55, 209 • Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommen 257 • Schengener Grenzkodex 257 • Schengener Informationssystem 258 • Schengener Übereinkommen 256 • Schleusung von Migranten 268 • Schüler 259 • Schutz 220 • schutzbedürftige Person 301 • Schwarzmeersynergie 38 • Segregation 263 • Sekundärmigration 262 • Selbstständiger, selbstständig erwerbstätige Person (LU) 263 • sicherer Drittstaat 255 • sicherer Herkunftsstaat 254 • Soforteinsatzteam für Grenzsicherungszwecke 225 • Sozialdumping 269 • soziale Ausgrenzung 268 • soziale Eingliederung 269 • soziales Geschlecht 136 • soziale Sicherheit 271 • Sozialschutzleistungen 270 • spontane Migration 272 • Staatenloser 272 • Staatsangehörigkeit, Staatsbürgerschaft 54 • Statistisches Amt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften 117 • statutärer Flüchtling 273 • Stockholmer Programm 274 • Strategisches Komitee für Einwanderungs-, Grenz- und Asylfragen 276 • Strukturierter Dialog über Migrationsfragen zwischen der EU und den Ländern Lateinamerikas und der Karibik 105 • Student 277 • subsidiärer Schutz 278 • subsidiärer Schutzstatus 279 • tatsächliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften Schaden zu erleiden 226 • temporäre Migration 281 • Territorialprinzip / Ius soli / Geburtslandprinzip 175 • Transitland 70 • Transportunternehmer 46 • Überstellungsanordnung 288 • Übertragung der Zuständigkeit / Dublin-Überstellung 90 • üblicher Aufenthaltsort 294 • Umverteilung 237 • Umweltvertriebener 99 • unbegleiteter Minderjähriger 290 • unbegründeter Antrag auf internationalen Schutz 291 • unbezahlter Auszubildender 294 • Unionsbürger 292 • Unionspräferenz 292 • unmittelbare Diskriminierung 85 • unterstützte freiwillige Rückkehr 31 • Untertauchen 10 • Verbindungsbeamter für Einwanderungsfragen 158 • Verbleib im Mitgliedstaat 237 • Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit 71 • Verfahrensgarantien 219 • Verfolgung 210 • Verfolgungsgründe (nach) der Genfer Konvention, Konventionsgründe 62 • Verfolgungshandlung 15 • Verlust der Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft 183 • vermutetes Opfer von Menschenhandel 217 • Vertragsarbeitnehmer  61 • Vertrag von Lissabon 179 • Vertreter (EU acquis); Stellvertreter (DE) 241 • Vertriebener 86 • Verweigerung der Einreise (EU acquis); Einreiseverbot (DE) 233 • Viktimisierung 296 • Visaerleichterungs-Abkommen 298 • Visa-Informationssystem 299 • Visakodex 298 • Visum 297 • Visum für den Flughafentransit 23 • Visum für den kurzfristigen Aufenthalt 266 • Visum für den längerfristigen Aufenthalt, (EU acquis), Langzeit-Visum 182 • Völkermord 138 • Vollstreckungsmaßnahme 97 • vorläufige Außengrenze 281 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 330 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • accertamento dell’età 22 • accesso all’assistenza sanitaria 12 • Accordo di Cotonou 65 • accordo di facilitazione del visto 298 • accordo di reciproco riconoscimento 200 • accordo di riammissione 225 • Accordo di Schengen 256 • acculturazione 13 • acquis UE 102 • acquisizione di cervelli 42 • acquisizione di cittadinanza 14 • adattamento 17 • adozione 18 • adozione fittizia 19 • adulto/ maggiorenne 19 • afflusso massiccio 185 • Agenzia dell’Unione Europea per i Diritti Fondamentali 116 • Agenzia Europea per la Gestione della Cooperazione Operativa delle Froniere Esterne dei Paesi membri dell’Unione Europea 110 • allontanamento 238 • Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i Rifugiati 293 • alunno 259 • ammissione sul territorio 17 • analisi del mercato del lavoro 176 • apolide 272 • apprendista retribuito 239 • Approccio globale in materia di migrazione e mobilità 139 • arresto 30 • asilo 32 • assimilazione 31 • asylum shopping 34 • atti di persecuzione 15 • attraversamento della frontiera 40 • autorità responsabile per il riconoscimento dello status di rifugiato 83 • bambino 51 • beneficiario di protezione internazionale 37 • Carta blu UE 103 • Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione Europea 50 • catena migratoria 49 • cause di persecuzione ex Convenzione di Ginevra 62 • centro di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo 227 • Centro di Informazione, di Riflessione e di Scambi in materia di Attraversamento delle Frontiere e di Immigrazione 48 • circolazione di cervelli 41 • cittadinanza 54 • cittadino dell’Unione 292 • cittadino di un paese terzo 283 • cittadino di un paese terzo presente irregolarmente 284 • cittadino non comunitario 204 • clausola di esclusione 119 • codice dei visti 298 • codice frontiere Schengen 257 • Comitato Immigrazione e Asilo 57 • Comitato Strategico in materia di Immigrazione, Frontiere e Asilo 276 • componente familiare 125 • condizioni di accoglienza 227 • condizioni materiali di accoglienza 186 • Conferenza dei Direttori generali per i servizi all’immigrazione 137 • Consultazioni Inter-Governative in materia di Immigrazione, Asilo e Rifugiati 165 • controllo di frontiera 39 • Convenzione di Dublino 88 Italian index • vorübergehender Schutz 282 • Wanderungsbewegung, Migrationsbewegung 192 • Wanderungsvolumen 286 • Weltforum über Migration und Entwicklung 140 • Wirtschaftsmigration, Migration aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen 94 • Wohnbevölkerung 295 • Zielland 66 • zirkuläre Migration 53 • Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung 12 • Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet 17 • Zusammenführender, Sponsor 271 • Zuwanderer (EU acquis) / Einwanderer, Immigrant 157 • Zuwanderung (EU acquis) / Einwanderung, Immigration 157 • Zuwanderungsprogramm, Einwanderungsprogramm 159 • Zuwanderungsquote, Einwanderungsquote 159 • zuzugsberechtigter Familienangehöriger 78 • Zwangsarbeit 130 • Zwangsheirat 130 • Zwangsmigrant 131 • zwangsweise Rückführung, Zwangsrückführung, erzwungene Rückkehr 60 • Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen über Migration, Asyl und Flüchtlinge 165 331 • Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 e Protocollo di New York del 1967 135 • Convenzione di Schengen 257 • Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo 113 • criminalità organizzata 206 • crimine contro l’umanità 71 • crimine di guerra 302 • cultura 75 • danno grave 264 • dati biometrici 37 • datore di lavoro 96 • decisione definitiva 128 • decisione di espulsione 121 • decisione di ritorno 247 • detenuto 80 • Dialogo 5+5 sulle Migrazioni nel Mediterraneo Occidentale 129 • Dialogo Euro-Africano sulla Migrazione e lo Sviluppo 107 • dialogo interculturale 164 • Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione 105 • Dialogo sulla Migrazione di Transito nel Mediterraneo  84 • diaspora 85 • diritti umani 150 • diritto all’asilo 250 • diritto alla vita familiare 250 • diritto all’unità familiare 251 • diritto dei diritti umani 151 • diritto di asilo 249 • diritto di libera circolazione 252 • diritto di soggiorno 249 • discriminazione diretta 85 • discriminazione indiretta 160 • discriminazione positiva 213 • discriminazione razziale 223 • disposizione alternativa al trattenimento 24 • diversità culturale 74 • divieto di ingresso 98 • documento di viaggio 289 • documento di viaggio o di identità fraudolento 133 • domanda d’asilo 28 • domanda di protezione internazionale 29 • domanda infondata per il riconoscimento della protezione internazionale 291 • domanda reiterata di protezione internazionale 277 • doppia cittadinanza 87 • dumping sociale 269 • economia informale 161 • effetto sospensivo 280 • emigrante 94 • emigrazione 95 • esame della domanda di protezione internazionale 118 • esclusione sociale 268 • esodo 119 • espulsione/ deportazione 79 • Eurasil 106 • Eurodac 108 • Eurostat 117 • falsa dichiarazione di filiazione 123 • famiglia nucleare 205 • familiare 124 • fattore di attrazione 220 • fattore di spinta 221 • fattore di spinta-attrazione 221 • flusso migratorio 192 • flusso migratorio misto 196 • Forum Globale su Migrazione e Sviluppo 140 • frontaliero 41 • frontiera esterna temporanea 281 • frontiera esterna UE 122 • frontiera interna UE 166 • fuga 10 • fuga di cervelli 42 • funzionario di collegamento incaricato dell’immigrazione 158 • garanzie procedurali 219 • genere 136 • genocidio 138 • giustificato timore di persecuzione 303 • gruppo di criminalità organizzata 207 • Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di asilo e migrazione 146 • identificazione della vittima di tratta di esseri umani 153 • immigrante 157 • immigrazione 157 • impiego 206 • inclusione sociale 269 • individuazione della vittima di tratta degli esseri umani 80 • informazioni sul paese di origine 68 • ingresso autorizzato 177 • ingresso irregolare 171 • Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati 191 • Iniziativa «Rotte migratorie» 194 • integrazione 163 • ius sanguinis 174 • ius soli 175 • lavoratore autonomo 263 • lavoratore distaccato 214 • lavoratore frontaliero 72 • lavoratore migrante 189 • lavoratore migrante a contratto 61 • lavoratore ospite 144 • lavoratore stagionale 260 • lavoratore straniero distaccato (persona trasferita all’interno della stessa società in un altro paese) 169 • lavoratore straniero frontaliero 134 • lavoro 97 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 332 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • lavoro altamente qualificato 147 • lavoro forzato 130 • lavoro illegale 154 • lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo irregolarmente soggiornante 155 • lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo regolarmente soggiornante 156 • lavoro infantile 52 • legislazione sull’asilo 232 • matrimonio fittizio 185 • matrimonio forzato 130 • Meccanismo di Informazione Reciproca (MIM) 199 • meccanismo nazionale di riferimento 202 • Meeting Asia-Europa 30 • migrante 187 • migrante altamente qualificato 148 • migrante bloccato 275 • migrante di breve termine 265 • migrante di lungo termine 180 • migrante di seconda generazione 261 • migrante economico 93 • migrante forzato 131 • migrante irregolare 172 • migrazione 190 • migrazione autorizzata 178 • migrazione circolare 53 • migrazione di breve termine 266 • migrazione di lungo termine 181 • migrazione economica 94 • migrazione familiare 126 • migrazione forzata 131 • migrazione gestita 184 • migrazione irregolare 173 • migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio) 203 • migrazione per motivi di lavoro 177 • migrazione spontanea 272 • migrazione temporanea 281 • migrazione totale 286 • minoranza 196 • minorenne 195 • minore non accompagnato 290 • minore separato 264 • misura di esecuzione 97 • mobilità intra-UE 170 • molestia 145 • movimento secondario di migranti 262 • multiculturalismo 198 • naturalizzazione 203 • nazionalità etnica 101 • non-refoulement 205 • norme minime 194 • occupato 95 • onere della prova 45 • operatore impegnato nella procedura di protezione internazionale 47 • ordine di trasferimento 288 • Organizzazione Internazionale per le Migrazioni 167 • Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi e Pacifico sulle migrazioni 20 • overstayer 208 • paese di cittadinanza 67 • paese di destinazione 66 • paese di nascita 66 • paese di origine 67 • paese di origine sicuro 254 • paese di primo asilo 128 • paese di ritorno 69 • paese di transito 70 • paese ospitante 149 • paese terzo 282 • paese terzo sicuro 255 • Partenariato Africa-UE in materia di Migrazione, Mobilità e Occupazione 21 • Partenariato euromediterraneo 109 • Partenariato Orientale 92 • partenariato per la mobilità 197 • partenza volontaria 299 • perdita di cittadinanza 183 • permanenza nello Stato membro 237 • permesso di soggiorno 245 • permesso unico 267 • persecuzione 210 • persecuzione di gruppo 143 • persona a carico 78 • persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione sussidiaria 211 • persona che compie ritorno 248 • persona collocata alla pari 35 • persona con un background migratorio 212 • persona vulnerabile 301 • Piattaforma di cooperazione sulla migrazione e lo sviluppo 64 • pluralismo culturale 75 • politica europea di vicinato 115 • popolazione abitualmente residente 295 • popolazione de facto 76 • popolazione de jure 78 • popolazione straniera di un paese 132 • Portale europeo dell’immigrazione 104 • preferenza comunitaria 292 • prestazione di protezione sociale 270 • Principi Comuni di Base 58 • principio di parità di trattamento 218 • procedura accelerata di protezione internazionale 11 • procedura Dublino 88 • procedura unica di domanda 267 • Processo di Bali 36 • Processo di Budapest 44 • Processo di Praga 216 • profilo migratorio 193 • programma di protezione regionale 234 333 • programma di reinsediamento 244 • programma di ritorno 248 • Programma di Stoccolma 274 • programma per l’immigrazione 159 • protezione 220 • protezione internazionale 168 • protezione sussidiaria 278 • protezione temporanea 282 • protezione umanitaria 152 • Protocollo di Palermo 209 • provvedimento di allontanamento 239 • pulizia etnica 100 • Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione 201 • quota 222 • quota (per immigrati) 159 • rappresentante 241 • razzismo 224 • refoulement 229 • Regolamento di Dublino 89 • regolarizzazione 234 • reinsediamento 243 • reintegrazione 235 • relazione stabile fittizia 209 • residente di lungo termine 182 • residenza abituale 294 • respingimento (rifiuto di ingresso) 233 • responsabili di persecuzione 16 • Rete di Informazione e Coordinamento per i Servizi di Gestione dell’Immigrazione degli Stati Membri (ICONet) 162 • Rete Europea sulle Migrazioni 114 • revoca della protezione internazionale 305 • revoca dello status di rifugiato 305 • ricercatore 241 • richiedente asilo 33 • richiedente che necessita di garanzie procedurali particolari 26 • richiedente con esigenze di accoglienza particolari 27 • richiedente protezione internazionale 25 • richiedente protezione internazionale respinto 236 • ricollocazione 237 • ricongiungimento familiare 127 • riconoscimento collettivo dello status di rifugiato 141 • riconoscimento della qualifica estera 228 • rifugiato 230 • rifugiato a causa di una guerra civile 56 • rifugiato de facto 77 • rifugiato ex Convenzione di Ginevra 63 • rifugiato ex Mandato 184 • rifugiato in transito 231 • rifugiato prima facie 217 • rifugiato reinsediato 242 • rifugiato sur place 233 • rifugiato titolare dello status prima della Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 273 • rifugiato vagante 231 • rimessa 238 • rimpatrio 240 • rinvio dell’allontanamento 215 • rischio di fuga 253 • rischio effettivo di subire un grave danno 226 • ritiro della domanda di protezione internazionale 304 • ritorno obbligato 60 • ritorno / rimpatrio 246 • ritorno volontario 300 • ritorno volontario assistito 31 • sanzione nei confronti del datore di lavoro 96 • segregazione 263 • sesso 265 • sfollato 86 • sfollato interno 167 • sfollato per motivi ambientali 99 • sfruttamento 120 • sicurezza sociale 271 • Sinergia del Mar Nero 38 • Sistema di Informazione Schengen 258 • Sistema di Informazione Visti 299 • Sistema europeo comune di asilo 59 • Sistema europeo di sorveglianza delle frontiere esterne 112 • società di accoglienza 150 • soggetto che offre protezione 16 • soggiorno irregolare 174 • soluzione durevole 91 • Sottogruppo G8 Roma / Lione di esperti in migrazione (R / L) 142 • sponsor 271 • spostamento pericoloso 145 • spreco di cervelli 43 • Squadre di rapido intervento alle frontiere (RABIT) 225 • Stato membro ospitante 149 • status di protezione sussidiaria 279 • status di rifugiato 232 • stock di migranti 188 • stock di popolazione 213 • stock di popolazione straniera 275 • straniero 23 • struttura alloggiativa (per richiedenti asilo) 13 • struttura di accoglienza 228 • struttura di trattenimento 82 • studente 277 • tasso grezzo di migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio) 73 • tirocinante / apprendista 286 • tirocinante non retribuito 294 • titolare di Carta blu UE 103 • titolo di soggiorno 244 • tortura 285 • traffico di migranti 268 • traffico frontaliero locale 180 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 334 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • abandono voluntário 299 • abordagem global da imigração 139 • Acordo de Cotonou 65 • acordo de readmissão 225 • acquis UE 102 • actos de perseguição 15 • adaptação 17 • adiamento do afastamento 215 • adopção 18 • adulto/ maior de idade 19 • afastamento 238 • afluxo maciço 185 • Agência Europeia de Gestão da Cooperação Operacional nas Fronteiras Externas da União Europeia 110 • Agência para os Direitos Fundamentais 116 • agentes de perseguição 16 • agentes de protecção 16 • aluno 259 • análise de um pedido de proteção internacional 118 • apátrida 272 • aquisição de nacionalidade 14 • asilo 32 • assimilação 31 • asylum shopping 34 • au pair 35 • autoridade responsável pela decisão (asilo) 83 • autorização de residência 245 • autorização única 267 • auxílio à imigração ilegal 268 • brain gain 42 • brain waste 43 • Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais 50 • cartão azul UE 103 • casamento de conveniência 185 • casamento forçado 130 • centro de acolhimento 13, 227 • Centro de Informação, Reflexão e Intercâmbio em matéria de Passagem das Fronteiras e Imigração 48 • centro de instalação temporária 82 • cidadão da União Europeia 292 • Cimeira Ásia-Europa 30 • circulação de cérebros 41 • cláusulas de exclusão 119 • Código das Fronteiras Schengen 257 • Código de Vistos 298 • Comité Estratégico Imigração, Fronteiras e Asilo 276 • Comité Imigração e Asilo 57 • condições de acolhimento 227 • condições materiais de acolhimento 186 • conferência dos directores-gerais dos serviços de imigração 137 • conferência ministerial euro-africana sobre migração e desenvolvimento 107 • consultas intergovernamentais sobre migrações, asilo e refugiados 165 • controlo de fronteira 39 • Convenção de Dublin 88 • Convenção de Genebra e Protocolo 135 • Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos 113 • criança 51 • criança separada 264 • crimes contra a humanidade 71 • crimes de guerra 302 • cultura 75 • decisão de afastamento 239 • decisão de afastamento / notificação para abandono 247 • decisão de expulsão 121 • decisão de transferência 288 • decisão final 128 • dependente / pessoa a cargo 78 • deportação 79 • deslocado 86 • deslocado ambiental 99 • deslocado interno 167 • detecção 30 • detenção 81 Portuguese index • trasferimento degli obblighi dello Stato competente nella procedura Dublino 90 • tratta di esseri umani 287 • Trattato di Lisbona 179 • trattenimento 81 • Ufficio Europeo di Sostegno per l’Asilo 111 • unione civile fittizia 55 • valico di frontiera 40 • valutazione di credibilità 70 • vettore 46 • visto 297 • visto di transito aeroportuale 23 • visto per soggiorno di breve durata 266 • visto per soggiorno di lunga durata 182 • vittima identificata di tratta di esseri umani 153 • vittima presunta di tratta di esseri umani 217 • vittimizzazione 296 • xenofobia 306 • zona di frontiera 39 335 • determinação colectiva do estatuto 141 • diálogo 5+5 para o Mediterrâneo ocidental 129 • diálogo estruturado sobre migrações EU-ALC 105 • Diálogo sobre migração de trânsito no Mediterrâneo 84 • diáspora 85 • direito ao asilo 249 • direito à unidade familiar 250, 251 • discriminação directa 85 • discriminação indirecta 160 • discriminação positiva 213 • discriminação racial 223 • diversidade cultural 74 • dupla nacionalidade 87 • economia informal 161 • emigração 95 • emigrante 94 • empregado 95 • empregador 96 • emprego 97 • emprego altamente qualificado 147 • emprego de imigrantes ilegais 155 • emprego ilegal 154, 156 • entrada irregular 171 • Equipas de Intervenção Rápida nas Fronteiras 225 • estado membro de acolhimento 149 • estagiários / formandos 286 • estagiários / formandos não remunerado 294 • estagiários / formandos remunerados 239 • estatuto de protecção subsidiária 279 • estatuto de refugiado 232 • estrangeiro 23 • estrangeiro com excesso de permanência 208 • estudante 277 • Eurasil 106 • Eurodac 108 • Eurostat 117 • exclusão social 268 • exôdo 119 • exploração 120 • expulsão 120 • factor de afastamento / factor de atracção 221 • factor de afastamento/ push factor 221 • factor de atracção / pull factor 220 • falsas declarações parentesco 123 • fluxo migratório 192 • Forum global sobre migrações e desenvolvimento 140 • fronteira externa 122 • fronteira externa temporária 281 • fronteira interna 166 • fuga de cérebros / brain drain 42 • fuga / evasão 10 • Gabinete Europeu de Apoio ao Asilo 111 • género 136 • genocídio 138 • grupo alvo de perseguição 143 • ICONet 162 • igualdade de tratamento 218 • imigração 157 • imigrante 157 • imigrante irregular 172 • inclusão social 269 • informação sobre países de origem 68 • iniciativa regional sobre migração, asilo e refugiados 191 • Iniciativa sobre rotas migratórias 194 • integração 163 • interdição de entrada 98 • investigador 241 • ius sanguinis 174 • ius soli 175 • legalne przekroczenie granicy, 177 • legislação de asilo 232 • limpeza étnica 100 • Mecanismo de Informação Mútua 199 • medida de execução 97 • membros da familia 125 • menor 195 • menor desacompanhado 290 • migração 190 • migração assistida 159 • migração assistida / Gestão de Migrações 184 • migração bruta 286 • migração circular 53 • migração de longa duração 181 • migração económica 94 • migração espontânea 272 • migração familiar 126 • migração forçada 131 • migração irregula 173 • migração laboral 177 • migração legal 178 • migração Temporária 281 • migrante 187 • Migrante altamente qualificado 148 • migrante de curta duração 265 • migrante de longa duração 180 • Migrante de segunda geração 261 • migrante económico 93 • migrante forçado 131 • migrante trabalhador sasonal 260 • Minoria 196 • nacionais de países terceiros 204 • nacionais de países terceiros detectados em situação ilegal 284 • nacional de país terceiro 283 • nacionalidade 54 • naturalização 203 • non-refoulement 205 • núcleo familiar 205 • ochrona (uzupełniająca) 278 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 336 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • Oficial de ligação de imigração 158 • ónus da prova 45 • Organização Internacional para as Migrações 167 • origem étnica 101 • país de acolhimento 149 • país de destino 66 • país de nacionalidade 67 • país de nascimento 66 • país de origem 67 • país de origem seguro 254 • país de retorno 69 • país de trânsito 70 • país terceiro 282 • país terceiro seguro 255 • Parceria Africa-UE para as migrações, mobilidade e emprego 21 • parceria oriental 92 • parcerias para a mobilidade 197 • passagem de fronteira 40 • pedido de asilo 28 • pedido de protecção internacional 29 • pequeno tráfego fronteiriço 180 • perda de nacionalidade 183 • perfil migratório / profiling 193 • perigo de fuga 253 • permanecer num estado membro 237 • permanência irregula 174 • perseguição 145, 210 • Pessoa com antecedentes migratórios 212 • pessoa elegível para protecção subsidiária 211 • pessoas transferidas temporariamente pela empresa 169 • pessoa vulnerável 301 • plataformas de cooperação 64 • pluralismo cultural 75 • ponto de passagem fronteiriço 40 • Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração 201 • população (de direito) 78 • população (de facto) 76 • população estrangeira 132 • população residente 295 • Portal da Imigração da UE 104 • primeiro país de asilo 128 • princípios básicos comuns 58 • procedimento de pedido único 267 • Processo de Bali 36 • Processo de Budapeste 44 • Processo de Praga 216 • programa de reinstalação 244 • Programa regional de protecção 234 • programas de retorno 248 • protecção 220 • protecção humanitária 152 • protecção internacional 168 • protecção temporária 282 • Protocolo de Palermo 209 • quota 222 • Racismo 224 • reagrupamento familiar 124, 127 • recolocação 237 • recusa de entrada a nacionais de países terceiros 233 • Rede Europeia das Migrações 114 • refoulement 229 • refugiado 230 • refugiado de facto 77 • refugiado (na acepção da Convenção de Genebra de 1951 relativa aos refugiados) 63 • refugiados de guerra 56 • refugiados em trânsito 231 • refugiados estatutários 273 • refugiados (Mandato) 184 • refugiados prima facie 217 • refugiados sur place 233 • regresso voluntário 31 • Regulamento de Dublin 89 • regularização 234 • reinstalação 243 • reintegração 235 • remessas 238 • repatriamento 240 • representante legal 241 • requerente com necessidade de garantias processuais especiais 26 • requerente com necessidades de acolhimento especiais 27 • requerente de asilo 33 • requerente de protecção internacional 25 • requerente do reagrupamento familiar 271 • requerentes de asilo em orbita 231 • residência habitual 294 • residente de longa duração 182 • residente fronteiriço 41 • retirada do estatuto de proteção internacional 305 • retirada do estatuto de refugiado 305 • retirada do pedido de protecção internacional 304 • retornado 248 • retorno 246 • retorno voluntário 300 • saldo migratório 203 • sexo 265 • Sistema de Informação de Schengen 258 • Sistema de Informação de Vistos 299 • Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo 59 • sociedade de acolhimento 150 • subgrupo de peritos de migração Leão / Roma – G8 142 • taxa bruta do saldo migratório 73 • titular do cartão azul UE 103 • título de residência 244 • trabalhador convidado 144 • trabalhador destacado 214 • trabalhador fronteiriço 134 337 Spanish index • acceso a la asistencia sanitaria 12 • acervo comunitario 102 • acoso 145 • actividad profesional 206 • actos de persecución 15 • Acuerdo de Cotonou 65 • acuerdo de facilitación de visados 298 • acuerdo de readmisión 225 • acuerdo de reconocimiento mutuo 200 • Acuerdo de Schengen 256 • aculturación 13 • adaptación 17 • adopción 18 • adopción de conveniencia 19 • adquisición de nacionalidad 203 • adquisición y atribución de nacionalidad 14 • adulto 19 • afluencia masiva 185 • Agencia de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea 116 • Agencia europea par la gestiÓn de las fronteras exteriores 110 • agentes de persecución 16 • agentes de protección 16 • alternativas al internamiento 24 • Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados 293 • apátrida 272 • aplazamiento de la expulsión 215 • aprehensión 30 • asilo 32 • asimilación 31 • Asociación África-UE sobre migración, movilidad y empleo 21 • asociación de movilidad 197 • Asociación Euromediterránea 109 • Asociación Oriental 92 • au pair 35 • autoridad decisoria de asilo 83 • beneficiario de protección internacional 37 • cadena migratoria 49 • captación de cerebros 42 • carga de la prueba 45 • Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea 50 • Catálogo de ocupaciones de difícil cobertura 176 • centro de acogida 13, 227 • Centro de información, reflexión e intercambio en materia de cruce de fronteras e inmigración 48 • centro de internamiento 82 • centros de acogida 228 • circulación de cerebros 41 • ciudadano de la Unión 292 • cláusula de exclusión 119 • Código de fronteras Schengen 257 • Código de visados 298 • Comité de Inmigración y Asilo 57 • Comité Estratégico de Inmigración, Fronteras y Asilo 276 • compra de asilo 34 • condiciones de acogida 227 • condiciones materiales de acogida 186 • Conferencia Asia-Europa 30 • Conferencia de Directores Generales de los Servicios de Inmigración 137 • Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, Refugio y Migración 165 • control fronterizo 39 • Convenio de Dublín 88 • Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967 135 • Convenio de Schengen 257 • Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos 113 • crimen contra la humanidad 71 • crímenes de guerra 302 • cruce de frontera 40 • cultura 75 • cuota 222 • cuota de inmigración 159 • daños graves 264 • datos biométricos 37 • decisión de expulsión 121 • declaracion falsa de paternidad / maternidad 123 • delincuencia organizada 206 • denegación de entrada 233 • dependiente 78 • derecho a la libre circulación 252 • derecho a la unidad de la familia 251 • derecho a la vida en familia 250 • trabalhador migrante por conta de outrem 61 • trabalho infantil 52 • tráfico de seres humanos 287 • trânsito 288 • transportador 46 • visto de curta duração 266 • visto de longa duração 182 • vitimização 296 • xenofobia 306 • zona fronteiriça 39 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 338 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • derecho de asilo 249, 250 • derecho de residencia 249 • derechos humanos 150 • detección de víctimas de trata de seres humanos 80 • detenido 80 • determinación colectiva de la condición de refugiado 141 • determinación de la edad 22 • Diálogo 5+5 sobre migración en el Mediterráneo Occidental 129 • Diálogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migración 105 • dialogo euroafricano sobre migración y desarrollo 107 • diálogo intercultural 164 • Diálogo sobre la Migración de Tránsito en el Mediterráneo 84 • diáspora 85 • discriminación directa 85 • discriminación indirecta 160 • discriminación positiva 213 • discriminación racial 223 • diversidad cultural 74 • doble nacionalidad 87 • documento de identidad o de viaje fraudulento 133 • documento de residencia 244 • documento de viaje 289 • dumping social 269 • economía informal 161 • efecto suspensivo 280 • emigración 95 • emigrante 94 • empleado 95 • empleador 96 • empleo 97 • empleo altamente cualificado 147 • empleo ilegal 154 • empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en situación de residencia legal 156 • empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en situación irregular 155 • Enfoque Global de la Migración 139 • entrada irregular 171 • entrada legal 177 • entrada legal al territorio 17 • equipos de intervención rápida en frontera 225 • escolar 259 • Estado Miembro de acogida 149 • estancia irregular 174 • estatuto de protección subsidiaria 279 • estatuto de refugiado 232 • estudiante 277 • Eurasil 106 • Eurodac 108 • Eurostat 117 • evaluación de la credibilidad 70 • examen de una solicitud de protección internacional 118 • exclusión social 268 • éxodo 119 • explotación 120 • expulsión 79, 120, 238 • extranjero 23 • extranjero en situación irregular sobrevenida 208 • extranjero retornado 248 • factor de atracción 220 • factor de expulsión 221 • factores de expulsión / atracción 221 • familia nuclear 205 • flujo migratorio 192 • flujo migratorio mixto 196 • formación de la familia 124 • Foro Mundial sobre Migración y Desarrollo 140 • frontera exterior (UE) 122 • frontera interior (UE) 166 • frontera temporal exterior 281 • fuga 10 • fuga de cerebros 42 • garantías procedimentales 219 • género 136 • genocidio 138 • gestión integral de la migración 184 • grupo delictivo organizado 207 • grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración y asilo 146 • ICONet 162 • identificación de víctima de trata de seres humanos 153 • inclusión social 269 • información del país de origen 68 • iniciativa de rutas migratorias 194 • iniciativa regional para la migración, el asilo y los refugiados 191 • inmigración 157 • inmigración irregular 173 • inmigración legal 178 • inmigrante 157 • inmigrante de segunda generación 261 • inmigrante en situación irregular 172 • integración 163 • internamiento 81 • investigador 241 • ius sanguinis 174 • ius soli 175 • legislación de asilo 232 • legislación de derechos humanos 151 • limpieza étnica 100 • matrimonio de complacencia 185 • matrimonio forzado 130 • Mecanismo de Información Mutua 199 • Mecanismo nacional de derivación 202 • medida de ejecución 97 • menor 195 339 • menor no acompañado (MENA) 290 • menor separado 264 • Miembro de la familia 125 • migración 190 • migración circular 53 • migración de corta duración 266 • migración de larga duración 181 • migración económica 94 • migración espontánea 272 • migración forzosa 131 • migración laboral 177 • migración por motivos familiares 126 • migración temporal 281 • migración total 286 • migrante desamparado 275 • migrante forzoso 131 • minoría 196 • motivos de persecución Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967 62 • movilidad intracomunitaria 170 • movimientos irregulares peligrosos 145 • movimientos migratoris secundarios 262 • multiculturalismo 198 • nacional de tercer país 204, 283 • nacional de tercer país detectado en situación irregular 284 • nacionalidad 54 • non-refoulement 205 • normas mínimas 194 • Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe Pacífico 20 • oficiales de enlace de inmigración 158 • Oficina Europea de Apoyo al Asilo 111 • operador de transporte 46 • orden de expulsión 239 • orden de traslado 288 • Organización Internacional para las Migraciones 167 • origen étnico 101 • país de acogida 149 • país de destino 66 • país de nacimiento 66 • país de nacionalidad 67 • país de origen 67 • país de origen seguro 254 • país de retorno 69 • país de tránsito 70 • pareja de hecho de conveniencia 209 • paso fronterizo 40 • pérdida de nacionalidad 183 • perfil migratorio 193 • permanecer en el territorio del Estado Miembro 237 • permiso de residencia 245 • permiso único 267 • persecución 210 • persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria 211 • persona de origen migratorio 212 • persona en prácticas 286 • persona en prácticas no remuneradas 294 • persona en prácticas remuneradas 239 • persona migrante 187 • persona migrante altamente cualificada 148 • persona migrante de carácter permanente 180 • persona migrante de carácter temporal 265 • persona migrante por motivos económicos 93 • persona vulnerable 301 • Plataforma de Cooperación sobre Migración y Desarrollo 64 • pluralismo cultural 75 • población (de derecho) 78 • población (de hecho) 76 • población desplazada 86 • población desplazada internamente 167 • población desplazada por motivos medioambientales 99 • población extranjera 132 • población infantil 51 • población inmigrante 188 • población residente 295 • Política Europea de Vecindad 115 • Portal de la Inmigración de la UE 104 • Preferencia de la Unión Europea 292 • prestaciones de asistencia social 270 • presunta victima de trata de seres humanos 217 • primer país de asilo 128 • principio de igualdad de trato 218 • principios básicos comunes 58 • Procedimiento de Dublin 88 • procedimiento único de solicitud 267 • Proceso de Bali 36 • Proceso de Budapest 44 • Proceso de Praga 216 • Programa de Estocolmo 275 • programa de inmigración 159 • programa de reasentamiento 244 • programa de retorno voluntario 248 • programa regional de protección 234 • prohibición de entrada 98 • protección 220 • protección humanitaria 152 • protección (internacional) 168 • protección subsidiaria 278 • protección temporal 282 • Protocolo de Palermo 209 • puntos de contacto nacional de integración 201 • racismo 224 • reagrupación familiar 127 • reagrupante 271 • reasentamiento 243 • reconocimiento de cualificaciones obtenidas en el extranjero 228 • Red Europea de Migraciones 114 • refoulement 229 EnglishFrenchGermanItalianPortugueseSpanish 340 ASYLUMANDMIGRATIONGLOSSARY3.0 • refugiado 230 • refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores a la Convención de 1951 273 • refugiado (bajo mandato) 184 • refugiado de facto 77 • refugiado (en términos de la Convención de Ginebra) 63 • refugiado en tránsito 231 • refugiado por conflictos bélicos 56 • refugiado (prima facie) 217 • refugiado reasentado 242 • refugiados en órbita 231 • refugiado sobrevenido 233 • Reglamento de Dublín 89 • regularización 234 • reintegración 235 • remesas 238 • repatriación 240 • representante legal 241 • residencia habitual 294 • residente de larga duración 182 • residente fronterizo 41 • resolución de expulsión 247 • resolución definitiva 128 • retirada de la protección internacional 305 • retirada del estatuto de refugiado 305 • retirada de una solicitud de protección internacional 304 • retorno 246 • retorno forzoso 60 • retorno voluntario 300 • retorno (voluntario asistido) 31 • reubicación 237 • riesgo de fuga 253 • riesgo real de sufrir daños graves 226 • saldo migratorio 203 • salida voluntaria 299 • sanción al empleador 96 • segregación 263 • seguridad social 271 • sexo 265 • Sinergia del mar Negro 38 • Sistema de Información de Schengen 258 • Sistema de Información de Visados 299 • Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo 59 • Sistema europeo de vigilancia de fronteras 112 • sociedad de acogida 150 • solicitante al que se le ha denegado la protección internacional 236 • solicitante con necesidades de acogida particulares 27 • solicitante de asilo 33 • solicitante de protección internacional 25 • solicitante que necesita garantías procedimentales especiales 26 • solicitud de asilo 28 • solicitud de protección internacional 29 • solicitud infundada de protección internacional 291 • solicitud posterior de protección internacional 277 • soluciones duraderas 91 • stock de población 213 • subempleo 43 • subgrupo de expertos en migración Roma / Lyon del G8 142 • tarjeta azul UE 103 • tasa neta de migración 73 • temor justificado de persecución 303 • tercer país 282 • tercer país seguro 255 • titular de la tarjeta azul UE 103 • tortura 285 • trabajador desplazado 214 • trabajador de temporada extranjero 260 • trabajador invitado 144 • trabajador migrante 189 • trabajador por cuanta propia 263 • trabajador social en procedimientos de protección internacional 47 • trabajador transfronterizo 72, 134 • trabajador transnacional 169 • trabajo forzoso 130 • trabajo infantil 52 • tráfico de inmigrantes 268 • tráfico fronterizo local 180 • tramitación de urgencia 11 • tránsito 288 • trata de seres humanos 287 • Tratado de Lisboa 179 • unión civil de conveniencia 55 • victima reconocida de trata de seres humanos 153 • victimización 296 • visado 297 • visado de tránsito aeroportuario 23 • visado para estancia de corta duración 266 • visado para estancia de larga duración 182 • xenofobia 306 • zona fronteriza 39 European Migration Network