The History of Rock: Lecture #2 The Golden Age 20060221185911_pwood-20d-060218-3351 e6_1_b FATS DOMINO (B. Antoine Domino, New Orleans, 1928-2017) 200px-Fatsdomino 834139_170x170 fatsdomino95825 150px-Fats_Domino Imperial_clicky_clicky DOMINO_LOGO Had a distinctly different relationship to white audiences than other black artists … His name? His weight? His music was fun and he was unthreatening … 573637 ‘Ain’t That a Shame” “I’m Walkin’” … and … “Blueberry Hill” fats_elvis Signature Hits: New Orleans meets Memphis White audiences had also grown to accept New OrleansJazz – an influence in Fats’ music. bluesville4 Fats w/Jerry Wexler; Do you remember who he is? A&R man for Atlantic Records. He coins the phrase ‘Rhythm & Blues.’ Why? 10311387-10311388-medium “BLUEBERRY HILL” – FATS DOMINO You’re looking at Ed Sullivan, the host of TV’s most popular variety show. AIN’T THAT A SHAME FATS DOMINO I’M WALKING FATS DOMINO vc268 LITTLE RICHARD - (b. Richard Penniman, 1932-present – Macon, GA) Incredible charisma. Brought black and white audiences together. Little+Richard+008_Detail550 The Madame Pompadour of Rock and Roll … A major influence on those who followed him, especially in vocal style and in unleashing the sexual energy of the music. 2big_mar Signature Hits: LONG TALL SALLY, LUCILLE, GOOD GOLLY MISS MOLLY, THE GIRL CAN’T HELP IT, TUTTI FRUTTI, KEEP A-KNOCKIN’ little_richard_45 180px-Little_Richard lr Always upbeat in public, in interviews he would confess to resentment about white artists making more money than he from his music. Little-Richard_large little_richard Little%20Richard%20boxing%20poster lrichard … a ‘vision’ during an airplane flight led him away from the music industry and into the clergy from the late 1950s til the mid 1960s. These included Pat Boone, Elvis and Bill Haley … These frustrations and … Little_Richard-SBD-6-16-96 Career revived when coaxed to tour the UK in 1962. Tremendous success. On one tour The Beatles opened for him; on a later tour The Rolling Stones did. littleRichard260 Little-Richard-Close-Up4 … and sometimes, with Richard, you can’t be sure what is life and what is art … 070604 Little%20Richard%20Koncert%2005 Returned to the clergy and remains a Minister … Has condemned homosexuality AND come out as gay! little-richard … was also a noted spokesman for Geico car insurance!!! 43825 GEICO Commercial #1 quasar Was among the initial honorees inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame --- 1986. In 1985 his biography is published, and he returns to music once again. After this he largely performs live and does personal appearances on TV. In 2000, the film Little Richard is made. LONG TALL SALLY LITTLE RICHARD GOOD GOLLY, MISS MOLLY LITTLE RICHARD TUTTI FRUTTI haley-foto-gitarral_600 Bill Haley and the Comets (b 1927 - Detroit, MI.- d. 1981) JohnnyGrande Began as a DJ in Chester, PA just outside Philadelphia. haleync Signature Hits: CRAZY, MAN, CRAZY, (first R&R song to chart) SEE YOU LATER, ALLIGATOR, ROCK THE JOINT, RIP IT UP! rrc_2004 Bill_Haley_comets1957_neu Rock_Around_The_Clock_Bill_Haley_The_Comets__41068 billhaley haley … and of course his greatest hit … 120303 … it became an anthem for a generation. Originally unsuccessful. But 2 years after its release It is used for the popular movie “Asphalt Jungle”, about teenage delinquents. ROCK AROUND THE CLOCK Best known today as the theme for the sitcom Happy Days. BILL HALEY & THE COMETS SEE YOU LATER, ALLIGATOR BILL HALEY & HIS COMETS chuck_berry_promo chuckberry chuck-berry-framed Chuck Berry (b. St Louis, Mo 1926-2017) “The Poet Laureate of Rock and Roll” Chuck_Berry_html_1aed3a41 Signature Hits: MAYBELLINE; ROLL OVER BEETHOVEN; OH, CAROL; MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE; SWEET LITTLE 16; JOHNNY B GOODE; … and many, many more … bronco-chuck-berry-comp cberry Chuck-Berry-Box-Art While no individual can be said to have invented rock and roll, Chuck Berry comes the closest of any single figure to being the one who put all the essential pieces together. It was his particular genius to graft country & western guitar licks onto a rhythm & blues chassis in his very first single, "Maybellene". - Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inscription ChuckBerry “MAYBELLINE” A watershed event in marrying country/western with R&B. 0415937485 PicForNewsletterSept2005StLouisChuckBerrySign Chuck%20Berry berryLennon A talent for intelligent lyrics and social comment that influenced Dylan and Springsteen and a guitar style that influenced everyone. ChuBerry chuckberry_main chuck-berry-1 Only artist to insist on a fee for the Monterey Pop Festival. Arrested 3 times, he was distrustful and a ruthless businessman Would tour alone with unrehearsed local musicians, assuming they knew his songs. NO PARTICULAR PLACE TO GO CHUCK BERRY ROLL OVER, BEETHOVEN roy-orbison Roy Orbison (1936-88) One of Rock and Roll’s most poignant and revered figures. A unique stylist and gifted vocalist. impassioned voice, complex song structures, and dark emotional ballads. The combination led many critics to describe his music as operatic nicknaming him “the Caruso of Rock.” Royredguitar-oilpastel Signed with Elvis’ label (Sun Records). Producer Sam Phillips tried to turn him into a rockabilly singer …. roy2 …. but he insisted –accurately– that he was a ballad singer. Foremost pioneer of the ‘Nashville Sound.’ By 1968 he had largely stopped writing new material. Signature Hits: • CRYING * BLUE BAYOU • ONLY THE LONELY * IT’S OVER *OH, PRETTY WOMAN *SWEET DREAMS Roy_Orbison_Image roy16 INITIAL SUCCESS CAME WHEN R&R WAS ON THE ROPES – TEEN IDOLS, NOVELTY ACTS AND MOTOWN GIRL GROUPS. roy12 BACKUP VOCALS IN FOREGROUND AND PERCUSSION SOFTLY BEHIND. FIRST #1 WAS “ONLY THE LONELY” WHICH ELVIS AND EVERLEYS BOTH TURNED DOWN. USE OF STRINGS LENT AN ORCHESTRAL QUALITY TO HIS WORK Died of a heart attack in 1988, cutting short a comeback tour with the Travelling Wilburys. Who were they? Life and career marked by several tragedies. Career foundered from early 60s until 1987. After reconciling with his divorced wife she was killed in a traffic accident; two sons died in a house fire. ONLY THE LONELY Songs like this, ran counter to R&R’s macho trend OH, PRETTY WOMAN His shyness accidentally created a ‘man of mystery’ aura – sunglasses, dressing In black; he stated these happened because he never had a manager advise him. freedwins (1921-1965) Alan Freed Born in Johnstown, PA; family moved to Salem, OH when still a boy. 1st Ballot inductee into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. G01 45rcasm.GIF (2997 bytes) phono6b1.jpg (14303 bytes) candle.jpg (2213 bytes) conion.jpg (2073 bytes) emerson911.jpg (91522 bytes) State-of-the art examples of the technology boom … notes RCA milkman-sm 1948-Columbia introduces the LP format (23 minutes @ 33 1/3 rpm) 1949-Capitol devises equipment that serves all 3 speeds. 1950-RCA-Victor introduces 7” 45 rpm format. (prior lp-sized discs Played one song at 78 rpm; the new 45 rpm format performs the same function.) 45rcasm.GIF (2997 bytes) phono6b1.jpg (14303 bytes) 26 July 1948, President Harry S Truman signed Executive Order 9981. chidefexecorder 200px-Truman_initiating_Korean_involvement 250px-Warkorea_American_Soldiers For the first time in US History, Black & White GIs fight side by side. The Korean War Racial awareness was also growing by other means – jrobcard * Through the integration of sports * Through the entertainment industry * Through the proliferation of black musicians emigrating from the South cole1 Louis%2520Armstrong timessquare258_img pf038821 sd1 levittown Social tensions exist between the need to celebrate … … and the desire to start a new life … Equal tension existed between the high spirit of possibility in America, fostered by the defeat of one enemy … _40732471_swastika_203 … and the paranoia attendant to facing another. 200px-Hammer_and_sickle mccarthy Hoss 2 The new youth cult rebelled, especially against … … lives driven by material gain, leisure and complacency. Any form of rebellion would serve and music was readily at hand -- necking … especially a form of music that promised to legitimize new views of sexuality … conion.jpg (2073 bytes) candle.jpg (2213 bytes) emerson911.jpg (91522 bytes) Communications technology, development of the transistor give rise to the invention of the transistor radio -- Now, you can take the music with you! And share your taste and a broader, more updated range of tastes with friends. The ‘Greatest Generation’ has made their offspring the disposable income base of history’s most affluent society and for the first time ever, youth drives the market. alan-freed Freed, a white mainstream personality, gave credence to the idea that rock was an entity to be taken seriously – if not enjoyed. alanfreed Freed had studied and understood the music. AlanFreed_LittleRichard …and had spent quality time in the African-American community. freed Started as a DJ in Akron, OH A lifelong drinker and late-nighter, Freed loved dance music. His earliest show formats called for crooners and popular white music, but when he came upon African-American music, it appealed to his dance music tastes. Calls himself “the Moondog” and his show “The Moondog Show.” AFdad4 July 11, 1951: “The Moondog Coronation Ball" at Cleveland Arena (cap. 10,000). alan%20freed 20,000 (mostly black) try to jam into the arena. Show is shut down but is considered the first rock concert. AFdad6kids Knowing full well the explicit sexual meaning of the term, he begins to refer to the music he plays as ‘rock and roll…’ freedwjw Employed innovative techniques that gave his show a unique quality and added to its popularity – using percussive sounds in studio; vocalizing or commenting while a song would play, etc. alan-freed-4 alan_freed Despite resistance Freed is an immense success and, inevitably, New York is next (1954). Although given top pay he airs in the wee hours, signing off at 2:00AM. af2upBroklynOut AF2dad3wide His R&R shows become common to NYC nightlife. In the spring of 1958, Freed is indicted for inciting to riot. The charge is dismissed by the courts. freedpaperBW moondog_new_york Louis Hardin the “Moondog” A homeless but nevertheless well-known street personality … (1916-1999) … sues Freed over use of the name … and WINS! FreedatWINS Freed renames the program “The Rock and Roll” show, airing on ABC. The show begins to air on TV but an episode in 1957 results shows Frankie Lymon (a black vocalist) dancing with a white girl and the show is discontinued. The “Payola” Scandal (Pay = Payment + Ola = short for Victrola) AFguyhand45 AlFrdAudryMedows “No one would play this stuff unless they were paid to do it.” -- Congressional Oversight Committee Freed refuses to sign an affidavit, which Dick Clark had already agreed to. Image result for dICK CLARK DICK CLARK Freed attempts to evade questioning by the committee in the same way he feels Dick Clark did. Freed%20Alan%20308 Freed%20Alan%20282 “If he (Clark) can do it, so can I.” alan_freedCoffee His prominence had made him a prime target. WINS fired him and his career was effectively over. In 1964, the government filed tax evasion charges against him He died before the case came to trial. On January 20, 1965, Freed passed away. The official cause of death was Cirrhosis of the Liver. Laid to rest in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, NY. alan alanfreed freedalan1p Mister%20Rock%20and%20Roll%20DVD Wins Alan Freed Billboard Ad FreedStageShow EVE095 The choice of the location of Cleveland, OH for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was, in part, a tribute to the man and the city in which he championed and immortalized the music. B00005YW4I art_fats domino 0826596071435s 019 FATS ARTS … great face!