Knihovna FF MU Brno | ' '>: "Z'<Á FAKULTA E&UO I S.ovnčvaci jaiykoipyt t . jr-^D^ň /z ___ p,'j . č..........O ___^_____ BONJINSHA CO., LTD. 2570901333 ► pp. 1 —15 mim ► pp. 17 —29 yjv> ^2 II ^^ÜO)!^ ► pp. 31—44 % 3 II )ͧI - Ig 5 II IWtf))!^ Iii ► p. 74 ttíJ JSffl ► pp.75—88 lit ff 3é í: R IE mx x frWi mm 111 Kí?; a ja TS® _ Hi SB SÍ7C 20 22 20 20 mm 22 mm i, ^«t^m ► pp. 89-103 T IS it 10 5 :^Mk<7)7 ? -fe > b ►p. 104 i ii i y k o v a in i v h r? i * e It 114^ CONTENTS Diagnostic Test of your Kanji Ability (Basic 500 characters) ►pp. 1 —15 Column 1 i Kanji for Hiragana ►p. 16 LI Grouping of Kanji (lM&iXffiUz%X\*^ll1r$-£A.o \r7s The following test is to check your overall kanji knowledge and to enable us to give you advice concerning the way you should continue your study of kanji. First read the instructions carefully and look at the examples, then answer the questions. Don't look at the correct answers until you finish all the questions. The test should take approximately 60 minutes. It A.fclr> UM%X-0^(D:M^tKU (opposite) (DMM^^ & ( 8 . ^>^"^ ( ) 18. 9 . ( ) 19. u-o-a-t^ ( 10. Xt>^ ( ) 20. E $13. ??v-<£> 1 (Sgj)- IĚA • Ä# • iilžM I £/Uc)i£fflv^0 1. ^comf^Mv^^ j íô-^-iL-p I Žo/:0 7. ZA,* i • #ä • mm - mm \ miž^-t^o 9. *o i A 10. ^íifV^ o^I?©: t ífiá, r£j (adjective) tlTfx.Ít^ r"fáj ^O^TfiJlB] (verb) tL-Cfiít^ (both) féx.£1-#\ 08 2 . #f 2u & "1* i. mm & O O m 3. & -f á 7. féfll £ 9. 10. O O O 4 y (D (i. 8 .täíJjfBk 9 .tlO.(i^#|5l^-to) M. ft 3§ - übt t - *>h - hti- -- o - "C (f - ti 9 . hl 6 . - -t - -tí: (f - 10. UttUá: - - i - x. (f - Í3-9 i- ižt - 7Ľk> -- x. =t -) 4 . - < - 11 (f - ^ 1 5 H Lot 2. íili^y-^tl^/io 4. mttx^^f-tfiJžŤzo 8. 3 - n y LTo 9. cž(Dm±, &^XŽtz m fit % - It m ■ tt M • in TfT • II 'It • M Bjl B (days of the week) i&|5l (verbs) P (with the shape P) ^ ^ (On-reading 'kou') 8 How to fill in the Kanji Ability Chart & KJt, /Ktffi r6j K^^tto -ir LT-f^O r?l+^j (Dffllz, /Kit £ 5 £§t l«£L^m^£»§ Zto ?umtflOffltzi>^tz&¥* r:M^tlj choice Sl^jSfô from context 11 PA, U V ± < LAstEA, h pfz &%tz*liv^-Ct~ o CI h rBasic Kanji Bookj Vol. 2 XU W (review) & L£(5 7 #*V^> /2 On-reading PR*, reading reading reading from context word structure ®«S usage (as usage ®^® shape (SUIT) ®1FS writing tf'S writing choice ^JUiR from context x* On-reading ^J^ff^S <.m • i&P) reading from context ®fflffi usage usage ^ writing (BIS) ®XBfrb choice =ItSK from context D Ml ( 5 ) ^/h$v> roj, 8H, 9 marks) ^iav>-C"f^ ^&&#? -c-r fao 41, 7i)U^lJ:(:fx.lLj: o o WjM • ^#f5]oii 19 & iEH fcU &&/iCDCD~@^il^<^¥£j (average) 2 &&TX\ A «fc «9/h£ ^Kftofc&k, iCO^^^o-CM^-^^Hti^, /Basic Kanji Bookj Vol. l£ Vol. Uftot, (system) £ t SW "f & - t i to > X kJk (foundation) ^TK^Xto Xl±^ &%tz fast) 6. 'iU&t/jL-h after, back) 7. A( (iV^-^ to come in) new) 8 . 4-* to get off, to alight) 9. 4p+ to decrease) 10. H(^)-< to open) ■ a t#LAA« urn t 6. t*/^/ 7. H?iV7J 8. mx/^m/m 9. ^/n&ym 10. *m : < £^Afr ^ plant 6. m & \ '. V^A^A thread i /f i : j3COC?< {9 ax 7. A i : &&AAfr I? hole i f } " LAfffo corpse 8. e3 } '. LA ACL .5 heart i ± i : O^-'xA ground 9. P i : i £A^A cliff i A 1 ! L A ^ i ") way 10. r } : ^JV^/itl sickness 2. ffc 3. ir 4. #l 5. m 7. p£ 8. 9. $0v> 10. 12. Rlt 13. ^ 14. ftflff 15. 17. gftfc is. ^A/g« 19. $9®« 20. ^cA£ ic^fy AH^$A -hi- lt } SoTto «(^A^)£ 8 KD^Ot* »((£ACA)- 3 '^(^oj; 7 )t£ 6 MUAAV)- 9 AAA)tA> G i H 2 . J 1 . 6. K 1 . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ft xJ£ jo "9 § «t 7 fi 1 . ^Ko 6 . M> 11. iv^;*, 16. x>^? 2 7 3. 8. 2fi& 7. <^i:>^ 12. i;^ 17. iT^ £1- It 7 > 2. 5CJS 7. & 3 ^7 3 8 13 18 3 8 ts h XLh Lzrt 9. - <&v> — v^'i- o — ^ — ttfttf 10. - L<&^ — L^X~f — Lv^ — Lit tiff X\&V^ X. h X.tUf X. =fc "9 < 5. J: ^ "9 9. 10. 4 . v^x> 5. 9. 10. 14. If I 1 V^a 15. 19. -£oa6v> 20. u 3 V *r4 4. 9. a 5. 10. m -X. > 8. JL IB 9- J? 10. A 11. ± 12. # 13. }S 14. H 15. Vfi 16. §j 17. 18. ^ 19. I 20. M ■ m lit ■ * • m • 4- • & 7c • II, iw< •»< ib -If lit • S • = ergfc^ r^>j (On-reading 'gen') — Yfh^Lts (bamboo crown: radical) =^gp (seasons) • llH =^^^|SJ(-i adjectives) #1! = Ef"I%<& r*xfj (On-reading'kai') $t! = r*j ('*• shape) Sfctr • =®M(verbs) family members) ^| =B#(time) Ml # < ' fi1 < ! r- < j "e^^^tijp(verbs ending with-ku) HI =jb'i%'^- r>/-i^7j (On-reading'shuu') = #COt^(parts of the body) LV^-M^M =^^#PI(-i adjectives) = ^ r±j ('±' shape) =#1%^- r3-^i (On-reading 'yuu') = ^ r*j shape) = i3"l%^ r^r>j (On-reading 'hou') fctbh ■ '{%-f\ =i&PI(verbs) PT| = 0 ^OffI!&E5Kadministrative divisions in Japan) 1t( = n[5W^r r>^ CL ha (radical and meaning"heart") • -i tt! #1 25 m iZ Bf ■in X Jk l t f) L < fr X. ih Jll \l *i fr % Jf f \l ^\ Ii IC t tz M f!j * K "Z *J V & h h *9 m tz *) t i ° X. 0 -k ■9 14 tt fr \z h & t L «t Ja Uf tz < -) Ii t o >-*+- tl L L tz t V 0 IC h h CO fr T fr fr M & t£ -r CO 0 fr t o < Pä o L -f pn 7t X L CO CO X h fr ^ X ^ fr 16 17 □ Lesson 1 i < g x > j 1. fft: W L) • M(i t) • M(k y)) • : = M^d (t^^-o) animals | 2. bi qfc, y|: V> • ^.(ti^)V^. f&(£><)^ • M( < h)^ ■ j fc(X>?>)^ -Mitzfr)^ = -f^#|s]Ot^ i 7 L) -i adjectives j 3. cm: mt)-M£i)-m(^)-^(t-w(^)z>-m^)z>- j M(frz.)Z> = r£j T^t>&IijM( <^ L) verbs ending with -ru j 6. ji, ofcfc, x|: *(m±)-:$e(^)-&(&K)-M(&fa)-&(^*> 91)- : Ifci&k^k) =WM{~h^i) , family members i 7. m£, u^: w(^)-m(<-?*)) : = r—j ^( < 19^0 < "plant" radical j 8. bi mi: Mhfr)• e(t^)■ -mx*) : ="fe colors I 9. pa: mm) -m(ii)ti• • a(^) : c1 L i "9 ) weather j 10. rjjg: m^rX) ■ m>r4) • ft(^) • £1(^-0 I =^f%^/6? r-yr -f j On-reading 'kei' ill- 1 3Kx>>) * • B(K*>) • • H(-^V^) : =S^i( CI < #>V>) countries j 12. ig: MLi/Ci) -il(^A) -M(^) -l(Lo) j =Jfp/f(tf L i place suffixes j 13. v/x: • P£(^>) • m^>) ■ BL(^>) j = 1fffi^( & A. § ) rR(^>")j ££>-^ phonetic marker K 'han' ! 14. af= dH, h®, il, k$, s#: ~A(^A)-~H(^vO'—&(^^)- j ~f&(r) • ~H(M) • ~^(^ti) • ~S(Lo) • • - j ^%/(57u) =K)lifB!( C i "f-9 L) counters j 15. k$, zj%: %{*) ■ jg(^) • ^(^) • • ilf(-t) : =;|pl^/f){ On-reading 'ki' 75 1 r~ 2. IP KT 1 ] [ ] [ ] [ 5 It r- 6 M 8. Si ] [ ] [ ] [ iL "äPT 10. iE 11. Tu 12. BÉ ] [ ] [ ] C 19 □ Lesson 1 L 3. %K(D^ur:W^h^:^LŤZo _ 6 . --íf.C7)r|-i Tr^tf-mi- Š fZo _ 7. -B(DohX\ mfr-^'\tL^\ _ 10. tllčO±^g^##^V^T^^o _ •ť-f í 11. #^^c^/L{á:^: gß^^ _ 12. ?&I±Ť^&<7)B^ Mi^^T^o^^/io _ 13. i<7)Prr(iBg^Ť^"eí)žo _ 14. ^gf^L^co-tľ\ ^il^Ltv^o _ 15. H^EjgĚOtíT^A £ (f o Ťzt)g^tz0 _, 16. ž- i ^UfflM^*^ (key) iCLT, *ii^=Sr#o T V^-g|^(7)#K tt, ®7^C0 ^Ol- — "7° Grouping by shape (^ii B:?S 7^ W ^ it * water > [|: M M M M ffi M (££^) head n : # i f I I - (< $^A,tH) plant <&L> y:S I t i S C : it ?1 i5 it a ^ i_ {LL\Z i way C:£ Jfi H f f )f r U/itl) roof <^t^.> □: [,'[] ffl m m (u^x.) gate ftiiX^&k&mxiro #11. rfj (tyoLA^A,)& r^Lj (^-^, heart) (DV)V--f it 14 if 'ft i'l Sill & ^ & & fcf #J2. r-j (fto^H rAj (O, fire) y)V-y m m m fk $t bs ^ ^ ^ ^ t& %t* 21 □ Lesson 1 tefrJ,^ ffl-nx~l±ihl)$itA,^ bZ&MfW&Zffifrt Lt||ol^^^f0 nnp * m m & m - □ i # ti I S i if ^ ± '(D^JV—y0 Grouping by pronunciation -tM :W Hf (-fe-f) < W > i? • : bT (#) (£K/&a,) < £ > : ^ (3^7) |£ (3^) < * > < ^ > v :#(v) (TP,) < # > :^ A < L » i if- (§-<) 1@ (3) 0±£-o) SAL* 3 (3)S^<7)^^—7° Grouping by meaning JH^SrMcKJ: -oX>f)\>-7°\ZfrtfXfrt Ln0/:H«; rBasic Kanji Bookj Kfi. <11Li11l> locations IS 9 A! < <^7^> directions seasons 5E, $c OBK L.15 Jt T c^BK L.18 if <>BK L.18 S lie ^>BK L.26 22 <^> colors t? H S ^ ^>BK L.23 :fB I f I "ft E W If ^>BKL.20 administrative divisions <*TOfrKP> icW M£ ib^ fc^ ^>BKL.22 fields of academic study countries ~% 'JX ^(^ 9 ) = <) = m7 jfi (ii<) =^7v;v ,c.f. $C (£7) =3-n 3£ (&) =7v7 parts of the body :@ I n I ^ I I f other administrative divisions : ( U i9> -9 ) New York State (U.S.) # (Lid) LJJlfet Shandong Province (China) 3$ (CX) Nishitama District <1lf& JT > public offices ; f (Ln) Xo^4^^ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology #3^/ltJlli=l Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry JT (J: 7 ) H^ff National Police Agency W^Jf Japan Defence Agency Hj ( ^ X < ) Water Works Bureau UOEJs} Post Office divisions of organization ' M ( ^ i O $£MH Finance and Accounting Bureau nft ^HpI5 Sales Department it§H§l$ General Affairs Department Hie (^) A-^HpI Personnel Section HSPI Accounting Section j^(^^!9) H—# 2nd Sub-section 'xlft # Receptionist 23 □ Lesson 1 /§>£k(D Z. 1 innnP(parts of speech)i tlZ £ £~t0 -i adjectives ^>BK L.8, 14, 16, 28, 38 -.mt m< wit? #< if verbs OBK L.9, 17, 24, 30, 37, 43 <^ij§i>: mmi-z mk-th m%-th if -suru verbs " c^BK L.21 ■ 7t%t£ 4ir -na adjectives c>BK L.16, 28 <^if>»#W:~Pif ~gl ~lt it- suffixes (place) <=>BK L.19 suffixes (occupation) c^BK L.27 cogMS* :~ft ~W ~f4 ~^ if suffixes (money) 6 f£(p. 112) <#S>oilM:#~ ^~ to- *~ if negative prefixes OBK L.45, fjl 6 f$(p. 113) <^Mi> :f (JtU^ poor 5K^7t)V^ hard, stiff shallow IfcC-^fr) soft W( 7 weak (liquid), light (color/density), thin #H( Cl) V^ strong (liquid), dark (color/density) JfX^o)^ thick -%im£?mm¥'— — - —-------- — — ik m W m Hi Itt # # t fr # i? n m m fx a t i t 20 tkh\Zhh\%^-mf\ (Kanji Index) £JlT, M LT£ § £ L i 9 o 24 I. ^%^X\tz-hZ.t\f1k, |a.~f.| (D^frhmA,X\ 0^^tK*ZLi% \@m/vtzlO e. #Lfc*) f. í 1. fflŤ£^±4Ma. b. ft* c. mm\ Ť-Cto Id. W e. « f. MS í ľ ta 2. #jl-e$ŕLVM a. S b. c. Hi íníf*£Jlc>ttfco í d. ÍA e. m f. t d. lot e. f. ilot í t d. » e. m f. ní 5. &t£^ř>ía. ^ b. M c. Í&1Äxft^(7)ii (© ) t á, < fc-ä- s tí' ftafs í < í i> t 4. AJTOg^ (® X «D (® )> « (® ), i ), (@ ), ^ (@ ), MU (@ ) 7 OCO (© ) H^tL-CV^o 5. ^0, %M. (© ) ^^^S^TC^^^^tLá-to LX^fzo 7. míl (© ) \t¥fálfôABfrbU* (© ) WM±fi, (@ ) W7Ě&<£>T\ AfjXtrJ-f ^ ^> (© ) <£o 26 ý Li ifAsv 12. BJfOÍiMämt, 2004^ílí, TlilcoJ;-9^^orv^0 «§> ) ^m^fir^^o ^tihit, Uš (© h lám (@ k j,!Vi tf ž'^ Ír íiŤi'i *>A<§ j: í ®«3 lýv>£o »0 .(@ ) (iS^^Ä^WÍ) *a lí-5 M t M Iii -ttv> rtu ľa ľ A 1*1 m m tr it m tä-j t- *'v> tf m S'v> tr It ř£ &a .« * jS<< CÍŤ -tŕv^Ť ť ô mším m ltv> SV S as'J; Ť *A S 1 Ť It % # < 4v> i Ť -tírv> k t) 0- ^ v>A i> c:-5 í>A /,\ * ^ BI at Ä- ^ 3? «g?Jt ir-5 *>< R* «fr ér L -täro Rfr #ľ 1 1 It Li -5 Iii m kí /t 5c H * Jt in n /t 3: it ír Ť Ä ^ ÜJ 1 # 11 It A í± ^ Pil It # ^ It +v» SA tK ä t U IfA Ä ilü * ;v - t t O Él # BŤ t ■twŤ Lli S S i i t -tä-A V>A %i fŤ 1 1Š? S Li i ^ Ä It Ľ i Ť IS i>A ± 5c t *>v> 4A LA IfA gg $ ij£IJ Jt 27 t LA. mALX \lz'g;fflt>MJ?LXfrX -t £ o ŕ? t č> 0 ti o 1 Ťz SI -r o & ^ 5Ö> /i í) ^ mi O«/ m. i. ■k 13. 4-4 2. m 4-4 14. 3. 4-4 15. 4. it 16. Aá 5. 17. *S 4-4 6. 18. fii< 7. 4^ 19. 4* 8. 20. 9. 21. 10. 22. Ml" á 11. 23. 12. 24. 3/ □ Lesson 2 1. ic(£A.&) woman 2. Hlf(tx.) front fif( 4 x.) before 3. right north 5. inside 6. 5I(oi)^ strong 7. &U)v> good 8. short 9. m&2>)^ light 10. high M(tzfr)^ expensive 11. #(oj6)£v> cold cold 12. ^(t<)i^ few, little %{&tz\) man Ml L)6 back after left south outside weak bad long heavy low cheap hot warm many, much 13. mWz)^ 4-4 hard 14. )n thin 4>4 light (color/density) 15. $S(>^)v> 4-> deep 16. A0±^)£ <-> to come in 17. m(<7))z> to get on 18. »(^r)< to move 19. MM to start 20. h*(>)x.£ 4>* to increase 21. ^ffit^ ( LA(±V) to worry 22. £BSt& 4-4 ( L^o-tt^) to be present 23. Mt^ 4-4 to agree 24. M_h more than soft thick dark shallow to go out |#(io^)& to get off to stop to end to decrease (ab^L^) to be relieved to be absent to oppose less than 32 z\ttä, ^h^^MK^^x^^z. t ď t, <£<£>^&£#§&£v>0 1 . »?ÍÍA~CV^ t z. 6 iá^S^TOfio 3. é'Ä,^C^7T-(±4^26H^ffi^-t^o 4. NTT CO#-f-^|*| (á^"Cl-c 5. mift0 10. «cMM^ H Hl 0 ÄL^ľ-f: i f Zo 11. ÍBo&lRÄ£A^Ji£$Cx.T < tiŕz 12. ico^fifôľa-e^Ľc<ťzž^o i3. ma-t-ži^^ři, ^(D^s^jz^fio □ Lesson 2 m. d «Äff: ti^£#* 500A __JXh_v^ 0 2. Čo it ir Li i š (t'A 3. i^BTIEfiMPl^tL-Cv^-C 4. MT7jc^ ŕ) 7. % L° y ?^(D 0- Ľ J: Ť 8. «ciä« !> Li mmtzo 11. ^<7)^Aí± 12. zž 'i'A Hain't" ^>o to participate in the symposium ^#l)[l7^o not to participate 35 □ Lesson 2 Its-1 (2)M£& $ff^pCQili^ Pairs of adjectives with opposite meanings raj the lowest low atmospheric pressure short term a weak point a minority a small quantity the smallest ffg/h(L^< Lj-?)t* to reduce to soften flexible weak, feeble weak, infirm (hard-line attitude) j HatHi^-lx (drastic measure) j tiv^f ')) 4» the highest high atmospheric pressure long term •JtBT (*> nU) 4-a strong point #3&(£1-?) 4- a majority #S(£»9 i ')) 4> a large quantity the biggest to enlarge to stiffen 3M£($ i ') i'))i 4* strong, stubborn 3§v firm, strong -t-^^-f ^r3&@&^;£ (strong will) j ^ r3£|5|&*# (solid foundation) j By^^O^-yC^^o r4fcJji-3e (weak-kneed diplomacy) j r Mi faff W Wz (to be weak-willed) j v3) & complicated ]X.MU$A,tz\<*)'tZ> to oppose £:M L-o\f^)th to fail >P^P(-xV^) peace ^ ^ i 7 § v9> "9 ) supply 38 ■OS <§)$Cfr3)lt^(7)$a&-£-to 1t||_Words made of Kanji Pairs MM ±T ^ i ^ L^ < )=3&v>;Hj!gV^ cjW) =±tr /i L i 1 ) more or less, a little /HfA) allowances, adjustment L H "9 ) always, all the time L '9 L) from beginning to end Li ^) match, game, gamble 2 Mn^mt- 7 # # $i ft 1« M #J It lilllllllltllllltll^^ lllillliill 22 39 o-t tď^CTco«^^í£MTLi 9^0 icilLt, ISA LT & Ž L i -) o 1. JÉ?t <£>^u&tefe*_h#LT^& £v>;bfiT^& 2. iRAcoA^iá, £A£ftM»K^Tř>;fi£o 3. Mň7°-;V£(7)T\ ^TfcčMf£0 4. (i, f^AJEttU^ B /"i Lgpo 5. ^6o4liíOlEíI(ämT\ ŕítU3Tfcfc>^&0 li i LA 10. ;<7)íž^Wž^ A^£££K&£0 mťä (^L) vn t 1*7 (L^t 1 t) vn starting ending í 1 2 3 4 40 5 6 7 8 9 10 m. mi (Dornte, 1 . ^liSnk&v^^&Wäcť £<£>$ŕAŕio£0 2. ^^i^coté. AJ: •} £ a.-t a. Ľ. .t o- ff <7)|§ x. Htf t tz 3á < a o T v >á o 47 □ Lesson 2 (íŤ x. š i So 5. B*^#<7)g^M££>fäSfá:, BWIft^tífW A£ 6. tKffiiá± co^Mi j£coA«(A S coAíäx ^#v>T < 8. (á CO & (h j ("Every failure is a stepping stone to success.") -9 ,1 * it «c I *> -r!? K JS ^tde -d *r ®t S *H ©5^^Jt S^coH^lOOlt K;vi| ^^Jt= 4 J! 1 B~ 3 %31B Next fiscal year Japanese balance 10 billion dollars increase Foreign Minister Watanabe Flexible measure to counter rice custom duty. "We won't fight against the world." Expanding Europe Start with many problems ®i2n ^ ^ ^mm 10.9% ^mm Mid-December American car sales 10.9% increase ®i2n(Dukutm^m mnito.sxrm A^&nU&m December Consumers' Price Index in city area compared with previous month 0.3% down The lowest standard in 4 years I. §m^^L(D^frh^4xKM<^Mmj:^^mih^^XMmLXhtLi 7ottfc%;2>Mf- 44 ÄS Qm/ tit 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. • Starrs 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 45 □ Lesson 3 I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 1 . 2. 3. 4. 5. %íLv>g.fcJL(&)^tžo #ŕU>iSnnq£^(?)^m(/í)-fo é!itctB(-e)žo 6. M^*Jifi;tÜ^o fcb!l(L*>olío)1-á 4d a) i. míž^fcibtf&o 3. 3 AT-WT&Clfr^o 4. »ÄcOŤ^^^^^^Mpnp^^b^žo Ä'AfcA ,KAIiV b) 1 2 3 4 S Al) AL« lk6 Ť 0 *> <0 t 9 c) 1 2 3 4 ti Lit b ^Hfr^ft&o 5 o 9 L rl^Li < Sit?» t ô ä. A 1. Jlltřioiřti/cA^/cl-tt^o •Mt 3 2. L i A 3. RW^^oTSoTv^Ažr^-tttžo X A Ľ ± 4. L -třA ti r í U WWF (g ^föHS^) CO fé# £ 7c"t řt á o Ľ j L 1. u#fiMcojlŕŕj 2. Aíácojgít 3. tKffico« Íl K PÍ MÉ [ m í [ ] ] ] c o £0 CO □ Y- q ■v q 'U- CO q 00 Pľl m M q 1—1 1—1 1—1 ^ 'XI as A < i? ^ it 'K t í t í t t t •tK q ■üb; í3 'K CD ^ in Q ^ -H ^ \J é Q 33 ^ K? S 33 ii|33 33 33 «k ^ ^ + + + + + f-lj "fc^ ^í? 33 33 33 33 33 t í í í e * # í< 33 33 33' 33 ^ íl > 2 £ ^ ■+ + + q > > > ^ aj u ru K? ru En + + + + + + + + + í t t t t t t t í tea Ä SH^^A^Ota H*\ -£~ to classify animals, plants, books, vocabulary, etc. frm&M2^)tz> -mlk AH to share the money, to distribute the profits, food, etc. 5^f#(^^)1-& ft^tk to disassemble a machine, to resolve a compound, etc. to divide the enemy, road, etc. to repair a machine, a bicycle, a car, etc. to treat a disease, an injury, etc. r&IE(>^-ev>)l-& ffiHJ, to amend a law, a rule, a treaty, etc. to revise budget, to retouch a negative, to amend writing, to alter the wording, etc. to correct errors ^iH^d : ft®. M£\ Wis -£~ to cancel the plan, to call off the game, etc. &Mx^ut& -.mm, it*, -zi-mmiz)- to stop operation, to suspend business, etc. (to stop temporarily) J] 49 □ Lesson 3 MWt^Li: < )1rh L^o)A& JMKAai: i )« LAA)A& «(A9AA)« ZtzX*-®* ? ^&£(5fc£A)Afe& to withdraw from school to retire from the service, to resign an office, etc. MA ••■£(g5K)ii-e)~ to resign one's post, office, etc. E(D£ o IZ ? fft A^ii& ^ WJzh h A4 ~ to rescue a person, to save a life feEfc&fti^ tZ\?bfrh A £*Wli L A• to rescue a person out of the danger !TilxffloA^£A* £3ASoT~ to aid people in a disaster lottAA^ *m%mz~ to give financial assistance #AA«U SfJj£^fcoA~ to give support to the activities **°-VWtt¥*W* LX~ to cheer for sports players to manufacture goods fill A WiL A u- A ¥ i ^ ! ^fi <7) 0^ fH^ Jl fgj 4- ~ to prolong a meeting, the term prices fluctuate, the crust of the earth changes the temperature changes, the shape changes the colors of the things/clothes change ■'' to change/alter/modify the plan (!) § HOP £ -ffeSöP(7)ffl Intransitive and transitive verbs Shortening and omission 1) £ ^M^i 3«, li I: 51 □ Lesson 3 ®)Is§l$I^ tt Li N (place)— V to arrive / to appear at a place TO(L*9>Oi:j:^)1-S= •aiifr( l«» 0-^)1-* = h^&(=tt£xm^Mi*nz>^t) 3) Vt+N : N (object) 7 Vt to put something out ttimiLv-Dtz^tz = mm* tat mpp(L^o^%)-r^» = (m&z&t (DJK^Jü^ $t If i) i -) SŤíŕj -SUŽ O t Ľ *i í i* i L w>'J AÄ $c ffi Wt^AÄ/lita/^/pI^ MBfäf&l^^Xli, "=>BK L.20cOÍIW(Vol.l p.200), L.25CO^W.(Vol.2 pp.32-33), L.35^W(Vol.2pp.l31~132)í:#RBo |5 ^ M t? i - ? &X:Ü£:0 [ fMi-S f&ÄtS MfÉtS ] 5. S^té^M^T, & imfz AfoA > £ fzlr 11 £ o [ »-r§ »tá »tž íSStS ] [ »t§ »tá tSItž ] [ titž ifcŕtits »ts icm-tz ] [ HTIE1-3 ífcEtž ß*tS M-tó ] 54 [ ti JE? Z &JE?Z Mt 3 iöStS ] 10. Kilo/c^íi, $ľuMLT, it < ££v>0 [ tm? Z HřjEtS «t 3 »5 ] [ ^i-S mm? Z Mm? Z ] [ jí jat s Mt s mm? z mm? z ] [ #fii-3 ±j»-rs Km?z ] [ ^JB-tS #»ŕtS ^ffltS ] [ tfJBtS #»ŕt* #ÍMt£ ] [ JMt?Z Mtž á>S6t§ ] 55 □ Lesson 3 1 § ^ -) š ty 7 L*? 3. fllV^ 5- ré ^ «3 i 3 9. "T-TE^^ i-&0 io. föMiir» n. a^fiw 12. Ěifr^MČ UV^„ 56 13. glMLTV>á5fc^ŕ>Ť^&<7) 14. Aco^iá, ÍÄ^1947^-íľ\ #>v> Tv^ ííA 15. äÍÔ£(±M<£>fctf\ 16. »^7JCÉ^5^ £^á0 17. fäji-tH 7E LAo 18. ^-klťM^^k 19. 4^ 20. *i&Wri?£LfcA£ tžo 21. liľff A •9 Li TV> L LACA 22. 23. flM^^f AV -ť-? r í) i < ^A iáV 24. É^^gAKIWi 140 £ X 25. TÄ^£ ÄsfZ Äs • JIH, #c Ä, ^äl^-fS í 58 mm □ -e-m re»j rimj tttmtfotix^tto *&%{frA,t*) patient 3j(#(^^-t£%)i~.& to improve the Tokyo University Hospital ISfriK^L) doctor ;f1!£§(^A'^) nurse WM( tz^ if) attitude JMH(^ < % 1 ) clothes SfeSSrtT( WA,*>A,tH ground subsidence = fe£( authority) & & ^ t #14(2V 19 i 7 ) material /^bj&^ri^)^^ comfortable ^iFkifz-Dlf)^& to shed skin = to emerge ~fi£f(ll 1 LA,) .policy nK (rf- 59 t to m^xm < t a i & h -e ĺ 17 fro ry & j -et^A ríR»Aj t^žii-fXto LA L, EAäA&AEcd&WJ^-íA Tt^ftfšlco^ A& 4 W W tžiHAŽ/ lífój í) # A ř, A Ž Ao «£ 8 2. 3. $ 4. íSř±ťCÍ>^ 7C< 11. flJ&W^IPJ3£t^o 12- 6. # 13. ^ 14. S rl 6Í) ío ^ t # □ Lesson 4 That university is famous. 2. X W &ffl*£&^tbi-o I remembered an important appointment. I will carry out the necessary procedures. 4. fliitt ft -gO He is very kind. 5. ft %\\%MMctf%W£ ti^o Useful tools were invented. I make a special order. It is too simple. 8. ffi ip. %mm%bfofrz>o frLtzL If it is a simple question, I can understand it. 9 ■ ?# H & * *' - ? «iM-C 1"^0 What sports are you good at? 10. g ft ^IStr< /-f$v^0 Please speak freely. 11. ^fn&ifr^fi^o Let's establish world peace. 12. S it z&Rzm'tzo ^^fa^ I heard the regrettable result. 13. X^*/X W I was asked to do a hard/important job. I am in an awkward situation. 62 11«\ 1 . 9. JfL&féféOAŕio 2. -t?A m iA £A ťz o 13. H&t^fc^oT^&o 14. |||&£íb^&áo 15. W^fíH^^o 16. 63 □ Lesson 4 A : 7°ťX(7)<^ -y 2. 7 4. ^íg(^V^tľ^)^ 5- !:§( )& 6. ^$fc(i:*>7$^)& 7- ít^(^<^)& 9- <1J¥(^^)& 1- Ä( )& 4. fé|5£( )& 5- Í^ŽU ( u a. ^ < ) ^ 6- J: ^-"9)^ 64 ■1 mmmm Japanese adjectives and Kanji adjectives V^'tiE (context)-C^V^lt^tLti~o -£ tl?tl ••• strong strong, powerful strong, firm obstinate, stubborn ^l(r^v^)^ forced, coercive ••• happy ^g(i^<)& happy ^I(^ "9 ? ^)& fortunate, lucky unhappy "9 )£ ItAdŤ .OP MAcolíi(r*ž f r~Kj ©^ír&s : NA!: v 81. ^bKfJCX-& to teach earnestly ^Etf&teKtt'i'ž> to oppose strongly j 8J. ^/ffe^/MA/ftŽ Hi iž to become-I Itž to make it ~ 8J. ab<7)7fe^{i^C^io' That teacher is earnest. tS<7)S^J*(i3^®7^o tZo His objection was strong. ®&Mt UTO^ifé Usages as nouns C UA ? 66 a. %LAo enthusiasm "K^X-^o accuracy i äÖS0 importance ^ifett^^S^£^-f So flexibility X#}§£ xföi>£ x^£ xf&'fr OjBI xmA X» XBTfg x#£^ X» x g fitt x^tltt xf^L/ft xiBttt OSA14 xpjf^ J -£A^\ WUUto J 81. fl$f& healthy — ®0#J& healthful I ^Pfti peaceful —- ^PfDß^i peaceful, amicable 4 jftFftfl^TV&ii Synonyms using the same Kanjt fSflji(^AAA)£ JfM$(AAi:^A)ft ! * "7 if £ ) ^rOtA-£A)& 67 □ Lesson 4 jBt(-£v^<)& g;|g(i>Á,.rÁ,)& $itf|(iÔV^<)& B/3Ô(^(á<)& i (DfcHC 4 § jlal^SPÍ Pairs of Kanji adjectives IE?t(-£v^<)& (c.f. ^^2ii KMi^com^) ífii((á< C* Oft IS ^ ^r/^)^ ^K^jOC^Oft Jjí$Í(£A,i:*»Á,)£ ^JOÍ(^^0& 4 Ä«^®^ - ----- —■ íar # H m p. 293 p. 257 p. 249 p. 303 p. 320 p. 265 p, 319 p. 256 p. 276 p/251 20 65 m. jgflji 2. ^ýj% 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 'J&g& n. ^flji 13. pXf^i is. 16. I. >Acd ( ) K, I } á^ISi: £o [A 70 mmmm u 3. ( 5v<«i 4. JIIO ( 5. r( ) fc*it*M±, ( sound body)j b ~) 0 LA./;*' ) ^JH^-ft^1 (a sound mind in a 7. 8. j£tfrfb&*( itA. •) *t 10. fÄ, ( i1a.3v j3-t Mm m± 0j iE um im ISIS äs (44, .-f. 77 □ Lesson 4 IV. tiZi-:J&mm* ž0 ^W±ix., A*/ô* (b. ) -e-tíVfc< &MÄ£fô£*§žLJô£ «MK&ofcfcaö, tat v f Mv\ áĎěáf¥^^fX}#T živ^/: (c. ) iÄ^?fe-oTv^0^^|^,mÄ^Mä/í tf^tt^j&ffitf* (d. ) tc 35: «9. ?I<Älti^»tcžtŕ3^ ž-íl ztitmmz< (e. ) i l im ž (g. ) &^£h^ tím^^c (h. ) fcfcwä^^j; <#x., lo/: ^coíáílíáf T* ( i . ) 72 -i>< b -en »i> b - - £U01É - + ~N ~i:v £~ X X X X SEK A X it® X X n/íi X X IE5S tíôtjB^Lno íišíší&ui (^p.58) *%mi>$ktbx&mw\K&frifLx 73 it h "1^ ^(i^^^l^^tOglJ^CDgBl-^l-o W\o^ií; t<£>«mk> m^mwhhm H(^) K(-t) W(t±vo o«/ 1. Ll]ffl$/U± (a.J^Jfc b.ÄÜ) #?v>&v>0 2. «t7-m.{*.Mw b.mm) lt<č$^0 3. (a.piit b. uiŽ) £HoČ0 4. ^Bíá (a.#3Ü ..b.#30) Cp«(^oTv^„ 5. ^(D\t^(DtZ.h^ (a.ÍJDf b.íífé) ĽC<ČČ^0 8. ^í;A^ (a.|» h.mm) fctfiLKfrofco 9. ÍAOO (a. Ä b. Ä) littí&jIřCl^-U^&o 10. Ätä (a.Ä^ h.m^m) x-m^x^ko 11. ÄíOiS^^ (a.EÖH b.mm) LtZo 12. ičOBTiä:, AP^f (a.M'-h b. LTV>&0 13. l^oT, (a.ŠTÄ b.gl*) ^-Tžo 14. -KÍŤ< (a.fö^ b.JÉ^) &Jfôri*^^&v>0 15. TMt^titTÍ) (a.«J b. M) Čo 16. (a.AW b.A¥#) «#^-#A^W$č0 17. tyL%7LlS\* (a.#il» b.f&Sl^fö) Čo 18. HJI|£A,ti (a. AM b.A^) -CM^ĽCl/^o 19. %\±%m (a.E^ b.HStt) £LT^á0 20. 0 01 B K (a. b. MM) Cffo/:0 21. iC0g(7D (a.iEvé b.j&fé) £ko£J: < L&tfftíf&ib&^o 22. m$tV>thX*%*ĚX- (a.ffiiŕ b. Ä) LČ0 75 □ Lesson 5 1. a . brothers (and sisters) 2. a . to explain 3. b . magazine 4. a . #8iju<-^)K specially 5. a . to turn right 6. a . to make contact 7. a . #/g(Lj;TA) bookshop 8. b . UltW^L J: ) application form 9. a . family 10. a . StSiSc^*^ * <) radio/TV station 11. b . to visit 12. b . to decrease 13. b . headache 14. b . appropriate 15. b . kind 16. b . the Pacific Ocean 17. a . ) & unrealistic 18. b . ^|^(/ii^^ (a.IUÍg b.üJg) t/Co 9. gfcgti (a.ftJB b.fÁffl) «ITV^0 10. Mŕfi&^ (a.SBM b. M) ŕiofc^ ^L^ofco 11. &(DA(D (a.&,íj b . MM) ItitMM^Íi^X^^o 12. CZ(Dm(D (a.jfcgß b.ggSß) ^fäj£v>TO3Ô*&&0 13. Ť£*í> (a.ížie b . MM) ^IfífO^íě/io/io 14. ^čOpap(á (a.tSffi b.%&^) "C\ LCíiliíiK 15. pDPtJCDJÍ£&o^ (a.fé]± b.ZOg) $-Č£&ttUí£ř>&^0 16. mw-ktfámi-ZuAsX (a.lijjg b.M) -eši^ 17. V*°-h<£> (a.jSioŤÉ b.pg) řfí)o-C<;/^K 18. (a.ftfé b.í») PJŕ«|I^lt/:o 19. Ž)OAí± (a.3É£ b.fô^l) ^l*^^^o-C< tL^-^/fo 20. m~k\i (a.» b.«) ¥«LA'ř>L^0 77 □ Lesson 5 1. Z.^ y v - r K & & i±ftř£ 3 ^(±^ž0 ( a . iß b . jfg) ( a . m b . H) ( a . SI b . £) (a.W b.t) L if/. i,> -ex ia d čo ü j ž A ^ > jf L v ^ -c, )gi9^ll^^^(7)||A^^ĽCv^0 ( a . m h.&) 17. Ält£/Ua4^«t B ^ ^QtfCv^o (a. B b. E c. g) 18. Ěfr<7)JÍJl&-íÍoě y)Ž.Ť3 U Ltztä7tfM\ (a.^ b. 31 c. gl) 19. C:AŤ^fÍŽ:^^ll^^t ^f^^bit^íáv^^^o ( a . & b . $g c . ©J) 20. ^(7)£^_^(á, Ä^^-^-e—BfeŤf:^oí) y)tz0 ( a . K b . 'It c . ]g) «i/jAii, >A(i( )^g^ž-Ä^^-e^< LT, titz^t^^ot^iLi^o 79 (f)|i| \SmW.^^:^X>:M'¥ Kanji with the same phonetic markers * > [t ] •fe>f [IE] [&] [£] a? m 7^ [1] g It HI Si St IE i S I (2;[5]^00^MS$ Suffixes of the same sound t: -tiro V C tt^k S^fh &4^-k flF2£# If t ff » A UA t)> -tiVLA ?)> pm *m ^m, mm, mm LA. t tf -fl tr * 3a b I r*>, /\- ink ^cl^k ? ks, tmk^ mm? mii, ?§mm, mm, mm V 3 SioliXL J; ^ mm) mmm, i^m 50 'J 3 t> mm ra, mA, -m, mm-m±) ^w, xmm ymm, mmn (3>|^ia K Homophones with different accentuations 31 9 C «fc 9 ••• fö± (-J Hi^) — 0 (V> X§ (XJ ^ L i ]_2_) ^^(7))l^|f|<7)lSB&(Djill * Homophones with different meanings U *& ,'i v>T A,) * ff KD 9 C J; 9-"^( ^ 1 il i. □ Lesson 5 * L kd % htl) li^1 Ml^Li ITA) C(Li 9 A) -rJAMtO = ^ÍĚAáAíŽ -rirO-tfA : ^£(AJ ^-€A) Oit(A -9 AA ) ÍSTK ^a) «(Al v^A ti ti A «9 i: 9 LA--- &>A( >9 i 1 9 LA) =IEL < i 1 l LA) =:A« (5)1 ^(Dfé&if&ML- TV £Ir] Hlg Homophones which have the same Kanjí ty äAA I o A I v>) = 1JS = A^iál^ «2 AH* M(¥aIai) = L< A^«- 1&H(ši 9^ i 9) i: 9 2 5- '^(§J: 1 ^A ) \m(ži im) = A££-A«ifc ĽA fôA(- I ĽA) 1@A(- LJAA) =-AcoAfs1 fco = —qco^ji LA & co fcv>) a) L ±JöO ^%(Lj: j «OVO /R§(^ 1 °9) t(Aj 07) (ä (t A = ^<9 A í 83 •Vs' ■t - ■ ■ ■-í:- ■ 'i-i' • : " □ Lesson 5 &ffim(D, n a=11mm) M'frUlJ ALA) N : ífeféKm^&S IS^(^l) ^L-A) vn : ±^&^iil^^Lvrá na "I^C^Ťfí) t íl 5 t> 0 1. X*0~77C#<7) (a.^ü b.ü£) ÄWfrtlfco 2. Ü#±A^ty AV^A\ M^CO (a.#fé b.&#) tffofrbft^o Ľ i» š* i Ť 3. ^0<7)íf*řá (a.^ b.íÉT) žô^/ío 4. #cí± (a.jg$ b.&m) Ľ It A. 6. AčOWMCO^Tii (a.£g* b.g&£) £nč>£^0 7. MpJaCOT^ (a. IRU b.IK) LT^áAíi^o 8. ÄM^Aíá'slíWxlItl, (a.ilit b.U#0 $r^^3líf^/Co 86 9. B BI H K .1 CONTO (a *A.Š J: 10. Tyyom^xm^tf&c.&t, (a.^js b.nfé) ^:s0 ■4> s w> ť 11. 7-"7°n&^(7)0A (a.§« b.«S) ^fJtUl/^o 7^-L> h tC^£oltTŤ^;:ŕULT^Á,T&2 LOo X"7X§ÍWLTě£-T -r ĺ ( HUE ) ( ÜIE ) 8. ( ) ( ) L^L, ^OHTT^^oTV^^ tf±, f /í n fr^-í L£v^TÍäH/ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Iři x. š. ( ) ( ) ) ( ( ) 5. ^3 -)'j3^äť3 ^'Jg^ft, W^K^o/:o ( ) ( ) 6. ítfi^J J^y-ÁMbLtz-Drzů^MMlt-k] ^-L>hJt^VTv^ ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( W ) ( ) 11- 87 /Hütt /« tífrtÁ.^t:*<7) tá/Mi, o 19 tá&tÁ^ téitÁ^ \ink.tx oX^y^:M^^, Iff (radicals) tM^i sound markers m. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. •it tree + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 5£ 7, 89 □ vm i mm B a 10. 11. 12. /-£A-£v7male) l# "5 fi A (dinner) rj i ^A(inn) L v?) < li < (to stay) V > Jr. (government) h ^ L *9> "9 (next week) L11A (examination) 9 A (to visit) 9. J^fc "C § t ^ (suitable) <£>A&v7to guide) A (time) tiiHn (mayor) 13. tB#1~* L i9> o ^(to ship) -£^7 A(clear sky) 15. ^jfc i (accident) heart eat eat water r roof way horse P say way tree H sun rice field plant H sun it whip + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 7 Ik 7 T 7 7.x 7 7 7 *7 7^ 77 7 7a 7 -ir7 90 m. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 14. iE Ä f£ JU '3- fflf£ 'S- ff ® 19. 20. áHt is ü. SÄ 23C A) p Sit Ä "ď SI Ä T Í0¥ t A [ #.] í>2 □ as i 2'. Xit fett %® 23. Jfcflt Ifä #|f 2". if Jt ^* i: Ki 25. fflA @# iifl* 27. #K H#ř4 #flE 28. ßfc iE ftfé Síl 29- at ^ #iH W 7 30. t fr ST Ä; 2 T g 31. ítg óiäl f i 32. K n Ž M M tú 33. 77® UPU Ä 34- #Ä *í M 2T§ x nib) : HIE ( tv>tv^ ) #^ ( X^tf< 1. (t, 0 ') io -9 ) ( ) gp ( 2. (Di) : BJE ( ) Bx. ( 3. ( ^L* ) :** ( ) 4. ^® ( íä^áôA ) ( ) ( 5. mm ( ) ( ) m\ ( T^£kW&*7 I^tWI/^fo (7>BK L.14, 01 lip.22, ^5 fip.80) 0 mm $ (Li <^7) + eat if (^7) + tree bamboo " c.f. 'g : frf 7Wv,7> j; -9 official SB* ^ = H = Jl y building, hall ^ = m ■■ il y coffin B = iff • # > pipe #E-tH?H^^v^v^6^fiE^^^tL^7o i/7t^i: ^ tc*> t<7)#fa-t(r*j) (^>^-v- ft (7^-tl&) 3 (^£-v>) IB m 93 □ mm i <_ n s tic *1 M% { ry ) ( Ä ) . -h-■ 4L fit ( # ) : jöj f: •M ( ?7 ) ( Ä^f ) iß ( #4 ) w ( ýj y ) -Síl ( ä y ) • II íí It s ( * ) BE je Sk ( ¥ 0 5^ m 11 m (Ti?) m $e ( n ) ( ) ( 3 ) ti ÍŔ jffl ( ^ ) pp ( ^ ) ( ) íl x ( ^ ) ty kľ m í5 * s ( V ) m ± ( > ) si ( V ) 1*1 m ( v ) BS Í* # 133 y oj íl ?& (y j. ^ ) Iii (v 3 ^) ' IE (v 3 'y) fž ( -fe^f ) . % ( -b^f ) : 14 bi M ( -M ) : w m m m =* pH m ( ) : i* 94 tttb □ b. íľ ft T SO Ě •t v 7 v 7 73 7 7 7 7 77 7" 7 ^ 7 3 7 , #J ť? 3fc 1 # iff ft U Kí ft S Ü lô IÖ í? it m m m Vj tt í§ m ( ^7 ) m is I ( *4 ) m @ ^ ( 7-y ) m. #j ft ^ i ( 77 ) ( ) ( 77 ) 2i Ml fi ?Ä *7ŕiL rt(J->)j lá riCj ěrittToB^L^biJ íto «11 - ífe TO =77 (j^r) BA (7Wj?) #J2 g TO = ^ , 7 = v -v SS(th) ins (*>D HIS ((7|) fix (I^a) E# (^u) ( t i:#)V7 ( ^7 L I ) 95 □ mm i #14. blotto 2 p. 193-195) #11 #j2 #j3 #j4 #15 3E v p ^ in ft —^ IT — Ah ^7 fx ffPif(t:^9 L J:) Iíf^Ml^) fö^üii^) ITiKKvhí-^) TJK(^Li^) ÍSÍS(ílí^) o O m ä 111 -r (-t (b) (t i) )(*fU)«i-U>)(=fHÍc^) Hf m if ť- '':"'í;; -t-í -t-f '< t-í.'iV-'-iÝ" (ášfc) (li-íisMlf-fr) 'v.-' !j: ... -; m 5. , í & • ! 3 ^7 3^7 — B (ít-fej) (š-<) «16. Ö iô Ô f. \ í ( = ÍIIÍ%<&) .',-.(•., A< 1(17 t - - m ü i p^IpTÉ^ m m m -H. H p%"> ■ -M -t?-í < ^ Ľ » < r ■ -tři/>lto it íl 1 . 2. Jek an S p Ai± 7, Ip%<& féo/7JI^T\ DcOŤ^^ŽLHo 77 77 5S3 77 1. Hi A LT ft ď £ & A XtU2\ M U zt liM^cfc&o 2. i: jji <7)gl^^tt*«: 51© U f m ti ^ v\ m L^x. fi\ MJk tZtzZio 3. x^t li m * m rľn £ m % t£ ^ ^ a tfc «9 & g lťz q if A. Í LT If ^fll/:^ té m LŤz^thu^v 4- JC f h ^ t OTKli Äjbjr, g x H U '4 o t^Užflil^žŤZo n. m ffi t±, éss£ žfc ď i-ž7t*icA aco m #• k # jjq tá- h Ž- g£ @ £ í ŽI LTto l2- ^ T %f PI £<£>T\ ^ M LT, tzt o 13. iE ju Ktefc>frb%^&, la x fr io la ró, -^í-ftuiiuá: 14. a^7čO £ JU ^ |^_g ^^öo^-ü —b# ť_M žfofzff, JOl & m # (Dft^zt* m & & tz ±x\ mibtifzo 15. ifcpi-e IT iE ££j^Lfc^\ eic x xmxm^Ltzo 102 mmmm □ 1. 4 y Y = ( ) 9. IľŤ? = ( 2. 7 ^ U ^ > = ( ) 10. 3 - U y /\° = ( 3. *9> -9 < = ( ) 11. O'JT - ( 4. -r^'j* = ( ) 12. t y y V = ( 5. yýyy = ( ) 13. nyT = ( 6. M 7 = ( ) 14. frÁ.č.< = ( 7. x^-f > = ( ) 15. *-Xh7'J7 = ( 8. 7 p* 'J # = ( ) 16. 7y'7 = ( 1. ( ) 11- AI 2. ) 12. 3. ) 13. mu 4*4 4. ^Lv^ ) 14. 4^ 5. ^ ( ) 15. 4*4 6. 4* ( ) 16. 4-f 7. ( ) 17. 8. 4-^ ( ) 18. 9. ( .-) 19. 10. nit* ( ) 20. f$5£ 103 An (L - ItAP (jj d/L I A^d) A£V) - Iff^S (Ií ľ/Ti /UfvQ TjM (11 2^1 CRP +■ » v>fr) - (^[TTtn /LH) p, -C&fráfcšíi, fíit^o^ ltS^^BíŽo #ť,(t_oJT^T)-^ #^#(X^J^TQ/iii) n a/l^) .a) #J2. T^&^Tn To £i^v- 1^(11 9-0- ^(jlTä^ö- A^ a, n feA) 9 ^ľm(Jí A/W £/tž) mmti%(ióx i d/od o i i "□□/□□/□ □/□□/□□ □□/□/□□ BO %m&mfŕ (iu ^gv/ffr<~) /^n) Df^^S (L A/< d ^d/& 1 A/cV) ÉEftM (L 1 ^d/fr/^r U^O p5J (d I dti^/fo/L^ I frv*) 4 b-: ■ I v ..r i sr:*--.j?-." V/SA'SSSS/jW. I . TIH?) 3 ^ÜI^tA a . ~ d . x^%^mmn^xh0) Ä : i. Hj^H 6. fijf** 9u 7- 12. Ľ ts 8- ffiRí 4. Him 9- 14. ^éi^ 5. io- fi^S 15. Pj|^ H U M Jô JĚ a ] B : 1 fl ° 11 12. 3. je; 13. U* 9. 14. Alt 10. 15. [ fŕ m m ± m m * # ] 206 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. A 1 , 2 3 4 5 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. B 1 . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. b a c a b d a d a b c b 5£ + d^jPJE (t>V> + faA£*) next fiscal year fM^ + H ( if"? -£o + x_A) zoological garden (zoo) H + ^ + fA (x.V>+£*< +^o) England, Germany, France ^ffl + ^a (^ Afc A+L ^ ) sharer, partner iSb + ^CJEh ( ^ "9 + ct&'Z)) high atmospheric pressure HltB + $|A ($>L$0 + $)|>Ci9>9) export and import jSjU + itil (Li "5 i'i commercial district ^f^ + /J^ (^^faA+Li-}faA) younger generation Mt + (^) lC\^j + (fr^) L^) travel agency jE + IkM (-£V* + {iAfcV>) direct opposition If + t]+4H (-^o + tfo + ^) snow and moon and flowers M + W^- ( § *9> 1 +"C^ L *? ) sudden stop mm mm mm mm WIS xLV^^A) movie theater (SttALi) (public) health center lilt A clinic LfrLi) (LtfLo) office i 9 7L A) kindergarten LA^ A L ) newspaper company LA^AJ?) newspaper agency, news dealer tt A § i?> 9 Li) research institute ttA i* ^ L"^>) professor's office, seminar room tz V * L A) embassy t i 9 1Í9 Li) fire station Lo^tAL"^) laboratory L o &t A L i "9 ) testing site L v9> *? /J •( ) residential area ^)i9>9 LfLi")) parking lot h L i ^A) /0»g (JltlLo) library ě i "9 L i *) ) baseball ground t/i^V^A) AllířJi (cTi-) to) beauty parlor §o£TA) /WfcŠ. (ěo^Lo) coffee shop § i?> ^ Li9 Li9)^^ rapid rise &fr(D:!))i~ impossible O- z\ •) L ) unofficial, informal tfV"><&)-t" meaningless -S c7 i "9 A) new product/^Stnn whole products CL -9 < tl ě ) high academic career ^-tírV^O"t" incorrect, inaccurate -ífA-tř^^) whole worldAI/řf:# new world L i9> *5 ^ "9 i "5 ) heavy industry ě v?) ^ Í 9 7^) 7. ;W steep dive, sudden drop LAfiOiiV) newly on sale ífáALA)t indifferent Af") ) a large number of people $V^"5 ty i < ) most powerful, strongest 2. ££ífc£&o7to 3. Wáfol&^v^gOo 4. SSIt^Ž^l %K^£&0 7)' 9 18. 19. TOE - 20. 1. ( ) K&M%M¥*TfrbmA,x*Ati%z\<\ (nmm^xi>^0) 3. m^mm ( ) o^^m ( ) ^^m^n^tzo 4. áĎOMr ( ) <7)$OA^ ( ) ±#LT^á^/-io 5. »Of^-£\ ISS ( ) láf^ETi^ ^l^H^^o □ Lesson 6 B. žf5 w * it ti m m ± 9. 10. 11. 12. ) éLá<-ct±^-<, L^A^Síti^^/io 13. »«=r ( ) <£>Atf££< Híno"Cv^ř)U^ 14. SaB#"Cf±, ( )f^7H (f a. L ± "9 O -Cl/' V. >X/. 97 SÍT 10. A5 Ht i5. Mír 110 It A. _ a . □□+□ : Wil^ = ,Hfr + # express ticket WJj± = ffW + ± fireman /jjj^^i = ttj/^ + ?$i percentage of attendance b. □+□□ : Bfcffl = \B+im old regime -r?AlH = f? +AEH re-entry (into a country) SXH = Ss + Aull super-state, super-power c. □+□+□ : Jl ft4 T = A+^ + T good, fair and poor mMjfc — =1 +Al snow, moon and flower (==natural beauty in Japan) Li-Jf.liV io felt dto ^ttlS = IS"+tt + ^ pine-bamboo-plum ( = congratulatory trees showing three ranks) d. (D+D)^ : = + ^ younger people = DA+nA 1^-/$^ = WM- + %^- army and navy : lift A = flffi+IIA export and import HfflJEI: ffrJP&^&v^ £ no limit : S &^^CD the youngest If£jS : B1 t^(= 0 —E£)&ll'f'& £ J: re-production |rA"FS : = ^jX-^>TlgO)^M every direction ill □ Lesson 6 classroom JEM MM V* o (JfV HU] < fully open correct answer mm incorrect, inaccurate unofficial, informal whole world ž fillSt L "C V * & V ^> not experienced yet ist« It^c/X^l/^&^S various problems ^ÍSÍ&Ž)£ C t ^k^tfo total expenses old regime f r®(^i^)j i±, i: t±. "super-" i^?Mt rN £í@(^)x.tA NJAh^j j fci^«-ü€;btL7t^\ ÄÄiižIfíMtLT rMfcí>Lóv^j rMftáj & f t'(DX^){z r^trv»N, í> íO-f-r < Adj./Verb j t jgf&ft £t# offlfé A) Li) to) /i 'II(AA) -f:(^) -SIUA) HA) ffi(L) ~±(L) U) -^(S*?) ~^(^a) 8í< WJ< system ~ 'ÍÍ0H) method/law H< -tírA) line ~ style/ceremony ®< aôA,) aspect -rnmz) type l?o) ratio —■ -M( '0 i 9 ) quantity *< A*) degree — 'ft(^) value Jä) sect ~ 'Hl(aa) group ti V- :ca) crowd — -lft(CA) troop :a^) zone ~ field, world ;u-a) ticket ~ -m(-ď^) tax & A napj^3x changing parts of speech -tive, -al (-na adjective forming) e.g. machine -*■ HM^-fr mechanical MM ideal — MM&}% idealistic £P impression fitlMti&ts: impressive ~ih A 71/ -ize, -ization (verbal noun forming) 1111$ machine -* fUM'fb mechanization Wi$.ib"i~Z> to mechanize MM ideal -* HJL idealization MMitth to idealize —1'4 -ness, -ability (noun forming) oTfb& possible -* "BTfbtt possibility jlll-t & to rely — jafltt reliability □+□□: S£ : BUM* i^(-d)~ ®(tvO~ ff(i^)~ A(£V)~ i(£<)~ ^(tid)~ fcfc* ^Wffe ft(Li)~ #(^<)~ £(-t?A,)~ It(-ed)- f?(£^)~ ft($^)~ £(fcV)~ ffi(iA,)~ M(^d)~ ^mmzn^xm^tz^tz^ mm$.*%z-x, mk^mtLK^mLx^h, mi. mmti^ — [(□+□□)+□] =^^^±omtiin^m ft) 4. fitB^tt^c — f&/ft£/tt£ [(□ + □□)+□□] = ft««W±£ #15. AMgfjj#7cfIt — *S/M/#7B/fI [(□□+(□□+(□□+□))] ■-^B^co^/i^---------- ------ ---- — ---- & ISli ft it ;;iii|!|i|!!!if n lillll * p M>t IB m P^306 liiifllll ± §|§|1§ llillllllllll p. 291 IrIIIII m lllllf M fg iiihii .1 r t.r w p. 311 m illl! p. 309 22 *o t>* Ľ. 1. DDpir m m m m m nun ta m m m m m m nnm 2. DO ( m 3. □□JÉ 4. DM 8. □□/t )lt )Jt )lt )Jf 9. DDK ( m m ( )H ( m ( )H 10. DM 214 rnmrn >Xoo [ ig # It ± m IB * M * # ] 7. •£A,§ J: Iffi^P I2- TEE JEM 13. mm 14. -mu n T, 10. 15. An i s w f S¥ ] 6. 11. 7. 12. 13- tu* if 9 14- ^Hb (f io. ^clLi 15. )xM □ Lesson 6 c : [g mm m \x 14 íi m # ] 7- ^CÄ 13. fifc; 2. 8- £tH 14- ͱS 5 15. Igpi§ 10. lpi*/ 16. 11. Í 9 < Ô ■ 7c 17. itm 6. 12. 18. L Íi7 #J2. sl^KA'Sfc^Aä^o — ( )[□□+□□] — ( ) [ (□+□□)+□ ] — ( ) [ ] — ( ) [ ] 116 — ( ) [ ] 4. ff^tTo/:^ JJCM ? 7 ~ 2 if tcj^#g^g^í)ž ŕ, LOo — ( ) [ ] — ( ) [ ] — i ) [ ] í ifc a. — ( ) [ ] — ( ) [ ] t 10. ftiS, ^AOĚtt¥áJWg$^ < ftoTOáto?,, — ( ) [ ] 0 117 I . ^fffflE íl V Ľ i Tin-» 1993¥(¥fi!c5¥) 2,3190 (BŤU) iC +7JOICS éfe * 75 A *p »2 A Ä — & EJ m - 73 CD A ~4> S — O A "' © i — — =& — a íp m Ť Ä C C S + íäÄ -t — 7% 4> s ts st é — ft" ÍĚ -fc 75 T fe u - *p íp A 5E Vi ffi T • CD .... tC/řt3ttiíSE3-ttl S 0 71 • ífe a* ^ ti e : s m S h K ' "t? Ä-1 O -r s § «t . _ ._ t. 3 *p 7L m !3 t OO Ts. £ " -n it a «? ta o *P íp CD CD o — /^ /V A A iC E> "f - m o ffiAPOtí—. ^ 20074p 1 «286475A 2on^2 1 «304475A 2007*P 2630757000A 2007*P 2617752000A 2025*P© S5B&AP 3320751000A 27.283$ 324475A 25.8^ 1997*P 1.499 1994*P 1.495 O — íp + CD — = 75 • íl — Ť m a k t. m u x r> s •> ig — O O íp — l/c h g íp H (c + h. eg e 77 =p — íp AEK íp g ta íc - UP B i-0 — 7? So s -b. . S — =f « 5 -h A — ffi /v % -^ 75 -A E O S -y- -. r_ © m m s ss * © © — © ü =š o ta ä a _ - -re m c ^ !/■> -b A' i <ř: A íp -t: © 3 -+- _h 7X SfiJ 1993^ 2 Ü 19 H «£ 0 ) 115 m m m m it »JHt {hin žfr) mm m m IS M IIP □ Lesson 6 m m mm® m m J£HSÍ If #J SUŠÍ IS fcl 220 Oü/ -kvmmtDi-t), r-r^j z^ifxmmtLxmfrti&kvizoz^tfüz^o 1 a. ( ) mm b. ( ) mm c. ( ) mmm 2 a. ( ) nm b. ( ) nm c. ( ) nmm 3 a. ( ) IW b. ( ) §fl£ c. ( ) «pnn 4 a. ( ) TCIJC b. ( ) Am c. ( ) Tvilfí 5 a. ( ) lítíí b. ( ) i« c. ( ) tftSIž 6 a. ( ) #{t b. ( ) m c. ( ) #1» 7 a. ( ) b. ( )« c. ( ) 8 a. ( ) mm b. ( ) mm c. ( ) mmm 9 a. ( ) tB# b. ( ) i» c. ( ) ffôH 10 a. ( ) míl b. ( ) c. ( ) «tt 221 □ Lesson 7 10. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c. :o: :o; :o; :o) :o; :o: :o; ;o: ;o; :o; :o) :o) :o; :o; ^,^( c? *? ^A)X;V to change suddenly H#l ( § v?) "9 ^ I "9 ) a sudden illness >tI>$S0( ^ * d "CA^v^)^. ;l/ to take a sudden turn resume #FJt( $ ^ ) J* ;V to be completely defeated < ) a big country TC/^ff (^v' 0 #> ? £)to prevail widely ^^(LLi to sample (food) |^^( LtbA) a tentative plan Ld A,)x;V to make a trial run (in a car) ^1t(/i^d)A very busy ^ §| (£ \± o) X ;l/ to occur frequently #!&$:(/i"^-) tt"^) decision by majority iL/p|*( ^ i ^ 9 ) X to have joint ownership I i v^A)x;V to feel sympathy ^S,^( § 1 *) 9 XL) common points Wki&^frOX definite ^ ff (I Mf A,) X ;l/ to say definitely ^it(*^$^Lj:) a detailed statement 'i'0#( L i 9 L) always 'rrj"^( LidLid)^-^ to win everytime #H^H( L i -? 4 ) household medicine 5l(/^< to establish ^(^ < probability H'I4(^< Lo-£V>) certainty 722 m. £nA#? & < & & - 1. fí^C 2. «t < frA,iŕž_h 3. J: < &c\%> 5. gc£ é 7tľ í? L < .o < h 6. láo^ Lä61- 7. ti>l< frtfá Lis 10. m&IM.* i)o(afr> 11. flí« 7>á< 12. frfzi LA, Lh - MM • mm (L/u^<) t S • £n • to • (Ľ o Z. l) ~f% • mm (^< LÁ,) •m • ím 123 □ Lesson 7 1. H^fíí^ SÄ 3. mmix^x^ In ^A 5. ÍÄ^#x. it ■ 46- i: i ^ ^ 7. 8. AfžV 9. W££ 10. Ť5^pao^ 11. ttoAP/ô* If^fA A L i9> tá 12. 83KB£ 224 §ÍLV> - ň% - fřL< - - ťX -> — a PP -* Ž (=ŠBM) Alt — /KT SWT -> (d^BK L.20 COtIS P-200) a . §j^( LA, L*) b. fŕf£(LAX:o)x;v c. fčpnn(Mí>A0 ftg(LALo),, d. féx(Lb)x;u SMU-sa,^)*^ -4>< L Tí fU> t L x i o fro>=mmtz> ....... M£jyt(f>AJ;^)iľá L w> ž v1 2fiS<7)%^ž-M(-x^J: d )tá SlĚ£Wffl(-ČA.i d )Tä <^*.ä>=t^!jqTá ■■■■ AP^ til(ě^AeA)Tž fcaôLK o^d Z\fc< ] ~ýf~ mm ~if~ mm ^< HA)x;v ~if~ ■7 ^ < [^9^3 ■if MM (§ n> 9 t)7.^ ■if mm ■if ( ě 9 ^A)X^ it ~if~ ( § i 9 ~ IS- - h (š i 9^X)x;b IS- 7 - - h (ě «t 9 i 9 )^ ~if- - — (£^MÁ,);*;i/ ~if~ ~if~ ' h nm ~1f~ ~if~ C i 9 rA)x;v ~if~ 1M( Ľ- i 9 =t -9 ~if~ -tír/UžV);*.^ ~if~ ~if~ -tírA«t d ) ~if~ Ľ i9> 9 [^ÜrL<] ~if~ ~if~ tfX L *) x ;v ~if~ A.-^)rx;v 126 LW t< ] if mwfžti)^)v if if — if— 7 -if- ~if~ K] ~if~ ~if~ X (?4) c] r$ŕftj rfŕí£j \±, r«j fcoltTíiféfr&^o rA^j rAí£j rAéj ^ iwj Co rA^j r»j \±±%mm0 |í (y) [fcfcUc] iL (y^) [«t* < f < h~ ~1f~ Y- -if- Y- ßrffl(^«fc?)x;i/ if- rjLJ%(^^<)x;v if- 1í- SL^&( ^ A. íi"^») ^. >»v ŠlAĹ(hA.*)^)^)l 127 □ Lesson 7 =fr&< <»<> E i^(LUOtž = á5>£č>L< ITS = £<£A Sĺz > 7 Uto^-f?^ a t t i ti * is í? fi ?% m ^ n us yf< m m ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ÍIÄllll§llllll;;fl 22 225 ťi L B 1. »tŕlhäo-rv^c»lt^9 8#^®|ž^ 2. ■S^Jf&CDT^-Yfrh 3. C\^v^^^ «ISL-C(/:$v>0 2. :í07/^Hí, T^rhJHB^fflK&oT^áo 3. IfCHíK 4. ^(aAco^^J^ť-e, £ftA#±^$0£^£ttIftL"rv>&o 5. E^^^^ítÝĚLfflLCA^Ý^TOáíOíi:, fF£ti&^A h i)K 3. Bim\±T>btfte,i]?ji-r,m&* )=<^E&áT*isotíÍíf> 4. Sgit^BíO r^^^>j ii&<£> ■■Xto )= 5. H±60 * t* o 6. Ä^íOMfí^^5^rB1i L£0 )=< 2föiz&£fc> 131 □ Lesson 7 7. jü%fz^tz^±^^ U }±\H\±miLŤz 8. täWfäV'bmRtf ( 9. r^í7)tUAP^o§,Ä|/ŕ|I$ )= 10. )=<£<(lßa> .5» o £ ( VN ) ( VN ) ( N ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 132 tiz>m¥tmmcom^tco I . >X<0 a h .(DllfffllS (D b. m I m u CD v s± i ¥U h äs Si a* iff ^ Tfí ^ m co n iz m m co A m m # A 155 s* tt m bot« < Tľ + n /s N m & u w ^ ipu ^ N X X m íí ÍÍ^J ;*A O au id E *fe á; Al ^ X~~N _t [íl " " Í líg ZIEH T? tttC E> )fKwHAI- á* H 5 Tľ tu m '/Ušli S0E /Hin a. =3 +Ěá § *9> "9 -f 7 MKmthz\t e. b. f . c, g. d. h. 233 □ Lesson 7 %fäUfr s m m -, cd ■aüÄ'i iSfc 3 ft Ä* P# čt. v> —i -c ^ -, i m m. & m. n S K K !t T © § *- e tt b lí 1— 1— cD © ^ -, 55 ig ^ h * # *5 -y a k -ft 3 CD frč -r b s r ei m t. § Y * a: Ä ti m § k a cd T Ä* 2? ft if CD < ■f D ä1 cd n T S T a cd m v — -y eis p< ' i v> Ľ Sí> S W *r Ö l/C „ 'S ££4 -fcTL, ^ /-—"v 7p*3 ÍX W « ^ » S S -1 ß fl S ft' ^ ^ -y- if i I S± 5 ^ Ä* b as k ■=> b a: w •£) 1*1 p ÍJ ISO Ä S ft 8 31/^ Sít cd # ta # 11 Ä CD CD . _ w 3* a if 85 ^ |8c ä? cd n cd ^ e 2; /c a m é a ^ a -r T B (C Ö * « C a a: — b Jí-s O T -ŕ . . _ t & í) 11/ I é i: 5 t a 3 T _. v"1 Ä i: CD Hü _ ft ft b r a: b a a b ^ ^ CD CD "■ b is a u * if- 1 5(5 y m b i CD ílu #f b -v T ^ 1/1 o. 0 ^ f •d ;i/ vi -ft r t o n T : •v f/C i cd m b I ífu(-Tv^LA) (ViV^A^Vi) ífS(Tv^A) ítS(ltA$) (^Ar^) Íl(tO C9) ^(^i A#(TACn) Mt(/t)x.ž féffi(LTÍ) F*]#(^viJ; ^ ) ^íf(ii^ LA) (ib^T^A(fA) (LA »5 j: ^ t 9) «(L^d-irA) 6 ^ 11 B l 19 ) 134 mm Wm mm a. Kim ^ - tCfi o 7^0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a. &<7j&£tétXl^&0%itíí£:Ä;i^ ( ■ ) b. SfŽtZt, ŠB#-< g^áožo b. c\(Dzi — b tä/h-žtgxMbtift^o ( ) a. Ä^-r^T«^i|x.7Co ( ) b. xmx)\\(D7K^mLfzo ( ) □ Lesson 8 ( ) ( ) 2. a. |^jg|(D/:fe7 7 yxfc^LtZo ( ) ( ) 3. a. tealffc Lt^^fo^ %^/0?& <&pTL£pfc0 ( ) b. ^TcB^^^^^oTiqflnai^tt^o ( ) *^0§H((io & 7 T:) first visit of the year to a shrine 4. a. Ifetefra^ |^ft|t:o^;i^fitv^o ( ) b . \£r JX^^9-X^m^Mm^Wizh^L^tzh io ( ) ( ) ( ) b. mz^ifetztiK K^wfiv^o ( ) 6. a. ^ &^fr^fca&f^fcv^o ( ) b. %^i/%ittmZik%K$BfcZtlX^2>0 antelope ( ) 7. a. m^uu^^m^amx-k^^Mix^^o ( ) b. ^^5TJ^^/zx.-rmx.^£X^LTv^0 ( ) 136 □ I. 1. a . íf(vO< to go b . to perform, to do 2. a . cold b . ^-t to cool 3. a . to memorize b . to wake up 4. a . to arrive b . to wear 5. a . to increase b . to increase 6. a . to come, to visit b . to visit I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a. 5fr@(r^j: 9#>) b. Wni^ zc\n)*)\> a. ty vnijH b. a. 7Č^0f^)A b. %h(^xi:o) a. ^(r,<)^ b. iW^I) a. M(-^(7)^) b. ^1£(£L.f9) a. g^(L-€%) b. ^(TAteA) a. JnX(^A^)X;l/ b . < ^ the fifth line to travel to study abroad absence healthy, fine the first day of the year comfortable, easy musical instrument enjoyable capacity, efficiency temperament nature nature to process to devise 137 Mzfäh fix v > & m^m% a a £ * * * t -e# § a $ ^0 «■ A a . b . 1 13 a . b . b . 3. T a . b . a . b . 5. ^ a . 8. a b a . b . a b Jo Jo - § V AM ItilA All Alt at ma am Am faýj Wi %13 ěft éEM mm mm %m mm im » ±T Tít T¥Ýá Tí^ťá A^ Í1A& i^Atá fôAtá Ací£ A^£ ABir h A$ít h WŽf it^ fb$ RMl^ 7E*1"& čfžtá **-fá mm ^ > kíl 138 1. mm 2. Ti* 3. j£g 4. 5; ffl 6. fH 7. ^ 8. fjfffi 9. £|S 10. » a 1 a. Tl a. i£#J a. a . 03 TT b. c. mm b. b. #ft a-:' ffiM-t^ b. a. a. W b. c. 3T@ c . #± P3 a. b. c. fl&fS b. Wf£ c. ilf^, a. ^Ur& b. 31^1~& c. 1. a. Ii:^otiiJ0]A^o/;0 b. CL^tiK^V^ ct<^J<0 239 □ Lesson 8 4. a. ja^(7)#^fŤ<7)JÍ^tá:V^ D ž b. í&{±ft£, &^ßWO*fr&fr:bLfco 5. a. Z & V^Ť & ^ KM t fl%> o 7. a. téŕf fote & ^ £ b < o tt'V>Ľ«>0 7J> b. -A;fäKt£.£^L&li&^o 240 tf*>l v > á t> IŤX& & < , ž 7t r oJ^LL^fl K£Ü L Ž L i 9 o gU), ?Jt(^>), |S(77>), ^T(Ť), JK(va^), IŽ(VH), M&J/m), ^U/v), c ItZtf-^) :^i:l^i:|ltS. M (*>3*) 11 (V 3 3M*/ô*£II±O70 % £ ŕ ^ o L-aô&) m (ry) JĹŤz*>o mMotitbiizmt-fztézzžffi-Do 141 □ Lesson 8 in rm. (^7) (7^f) ( (v/f-) (y3<)AM) (y a y AH) 7\77>tr) fzl-h) ftÍ3-^,-ftÍ3-1-) Ť i* í) f z <7{£Aj tfM&T^il Lv^o tt/i * t ;v tm ^ ^ ^ -f o íLtifzWí"t:Íatbhc Ľ LA 'J 7) ^ + * 7* 7 'J7) ii(7*7) ii^(yw) V7) lead U 7) ratio 7 a 7 ) image, symbol 7*7) elephant picture, painting ^ 7 ) drawn line, stroke a drawn JUL m + a) 7E*(v*3)"l£ ^) + ^D(^7)ft £7¥(^7^)ft tf37) : ^(tf3 7 K7)ft £^-£-£^-/^ft- va7) :ii(AVy3^)n V ^) : ^('U')^)^ ^(-if>U^7)1"S MCU^^n :-^(^x) 77) 7\>) O^-fr) *'7) ■=6 7) 77) v 3 7) *Stt(-b>fy» »(y>r^) #M(v77) ttl±(y>y>) M(y>^) ^||(t>y>) #S( + **7)-TS HM(^>^7) ^M(-3-7^7)ft 7£M(*>^7) )ff^(v3^7)t^ 1-^(7^7 3 7) ^(^y^) tffi(7'7y37) 8 143 □ Lesson 8 (*>f) íl (^) m (v) U) (•w) |£ffi(7W7y) (4) 1 ^TffibftS^CP^fr rlij(dr)í) 14 #7 ("y^) tá 1. g(7>f) 2. 3. 4. v* 5. — U f-) A(^A) 6. Í[(v?) 7. y S.( * >) Ltztf-oX, rm(&Ťzt)j (T)t d fll.ŤU) A(O) H(i3) jfiL(*>) íit(fc) «(íä) S 244 H-» y 3 - f) 7 7 v -v ) freest) v 3 7X) Ť^k Ťz%ii^kXtm*?fcírífŕotv^o 5, mBX*XKMŠ-*W b-DŤZo mh^^fxm-otzo z>>-KL# f |Ii(n-)y3-)/n^(f) i j r:Hnj AS^AAe ri i ff j t t, I íiv^TV^ A^2 ~ 3 AÍIá^/h$ ^tUTUtcD J; ? & >f * - v^ab ž0 í) Ž o wx fě m m i ä f nn. "Tří eg .....j: -f "S 20 145 7 *>ß>7 1 b .Íä(/-Í)V>TV^ J 3. iWCgŽ- í a .^(L)i6-C J u*£^^áo 1 b J(i:)i:-CJ 1 b J 5. i&mxkfôLX, ftáLKI * M(£čl)L>titZo 1 b .^(V^^^tL/Co í b í í b J í b .£(o£\)0"C í I b .jgtífcJOoT J 10. ^^f^mglSŽ-^V^T < n. ž f a M(ŕzŕz0 I b .mt)hž.Z J 146 12. X < Mt, 7 fr -y Yfc)& 1 ^fV^o b .1»(ěT)o^ i l io lfA.KA 15. ^/^^A(7)T^^¥^lIH<7)3t!JŽ- í a.£(L)*6T b ^j:)oT j 16. t < ^ < fct*0 j a.ŕ( L)*ÔT J í> «bofco t b ^^)ot J 17. M^BK-ó/vT\ XA>^ j a.^(ir)l-C j Lžo/:0 i b .mw)Lx í 18. h%LX j J; i. wx^yu^m^, * .b .zjx^iitnzmfr75x^x^hm^z\t\f m. a. ±3m)mx^m^Kír<0 + ( iM b. Mlftdtíi, tto Lt^ítf-Cli^^o * ( 1. a. Mßlz^^fz^^y ý y T.^^tho + ( b. ^^^í0«^^ft®LTV^o * ( 2. a. ^ifíif&XíČÝ LTVä0 <4 ( 147 □ Lesson 8 3. a. Cl <7>fe (±Ŕfc H Jáift^-f ž h o + 4. a. ÄŠ£lOOA£WÍ^J|a m m & n * m -r * 0 9. a. ^ßcOftS-c^Ä K tf_Vl£t £ o b. M%žt£(DX^\±^\XXftOo -► 10. a. IM^E^^á^l ^flUV^o -4 b. »^A&^ÍSL<.íf #t LT k h-tXJfmtZo 148 09. [ a. jg^ b. jg_m 0 a. mjg_ ] 1. '[ a. Htfi b. c. 17|| d. MLB ] 2. [ a. p b. mm c. h# d. as ] 'Wt, fcflWcfc ( ) fôfcfclÉJäf&AHŕio 3. [a. ¥f0 b. W c. £ff d. ±ffi ] •^^ciá ( ) fzt^ii)^ *tzw®x'z>o 4. [ a. b. íl* c. S« d. ] 5. i a. nm b. s* c. mm d. mm 1 e. [ a. « b. m c. ha d. m&m ] •"Cti, £/UC ( ) frfä^ž&M^Ltto 149 Ift Jj m to get off, to put down to fall H to get off, to fall mm HI god, Shinto # W§ icffl la mind, spirit, god » god, Shinto w± Affi 150 ra □ 4 #12 7k X -k /K iL 73 P a/ 'k 7. A 1t P ffl 3 10. 4 11. 12. A 251 7^7 7 holfäffc tztz.\x, teuj £^7b&%£I,£ 3 L 5 cosi^ r I j ttfrbcl Zfrb rS^j tfV$fä& <£>ri* rfl#j £ rtllj T\ rFj, ~ft£ fo^ rFundj K*j"J<V>£fr2>'x~ L «t vo B#T&, fäliT^7 7^7 h *^tzfäfotfWftLX^tT 11. J R y'i-T-il/ k. 12. JAL y*x-x-x;i//y>;l/ 1. 13. JAF v j,-jr,-Ji7/v> 7 m, 14. NT T jr.3?T^ —T 4 - n. 15. NHK jn^x^ff-^- o, ti T i 1 £ i i 7)>l-> tiA.)öv> 0 «*al£tt 0^MM r0^j £Üt<7m^ rJ(japan)j t rN(Nippon)j (7) 2 o^abä CL £ 152 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. mtifz(DX\ cPL^t^io Z j. - ? (Dfäy^frŤzfffofrh fr^0 £A£i_A."Cv^T>f ~*m^ŕz0 mm%x^fry)tzo ft b M) b ž) b M) BP /Dr. b S) m /Uli b m) b m b m b b «) b m) IT b m b m b m M b m b m) b m) b m b Ä b ím 'Ď b m 153 □ Lesson 9 < g X > 1. a . 'It busy to hurry 2. b . (£43) many, much X big 3. b . m (is <) ti& to be late m (is <) h to send 4. a . m (fc*>) ? to think m heavy 5. a . (;b£) bad m (t>) h to break 6. b . it (^1") tf to rest (■*?-$-) ^ cheap 7. b . if to flow (&#*) long 8. a . & (til:) to begin (SiC) first 9. a . BE (fatr) sleepy (fa) & to sleep 10. a . to pass T& (fc£) far 11. a . way shape 12. a . (4) ^ to wait W (*>) O to hold 13. b . (§)"'£& to decide * (<) to come 14. a . (££>) to line up (£*>) 7 to learn 15. b . (Vb) < to open wide 16. b . W bright red 17. a . (W is to live ft (H < to go 18. a . n U) ^ to call pK U) is to read 19. b . m (fr) *) h to borrow m 1- to lend 20. b . to try heart, mind 154 OS 2. Mllri:»^^ (a.ftA/? b.m/vX) V^0 3. (a.^^tiT b.mtlX) V^0 4. c\(DU&mm^£< (a.^jj< b.nao ^u>0 5. /i-ŤJ - *i-&(DX\ (a.Jft^ b.fkfrWi tf&WZo 6. c\(Dm±\±, AfrhWO^-UlflftK (a.±Xt>fiŤz bMXhfvft)0 8. mWMte^ (a.jgl b JUL) KffoTtľo 10. ^Vx7)"Cli-^-^ottT (a.vMA< b.Bf^O Ltz0 n. as^a (a.fi/^ b.^Aľf) (dx\ mmzfrix^Q 12. (a.lof; b.fôofc) <7>T\ ^ttAfíoTtľo 13. Ť^ÄÍUAtáO£í#oT\ A^fHi (a.#ä>tl£ b.glJtirc)0 14. 305^ifMtlT, ffl^/v^A-x^f-K (a.^ti/i b.gE*i£)0 15. ^ffl"c|E?ítá^^-#$< x (a.^u b.3£V>)0 255 □ Lesson 9 H. -Ao££f!AT\ a.i:b.wHliit5HI^$K Iffel^f 3. (a.|fot b.iot) (iV^t&^o 5. A^VyVy (a.ftrv^T b.RlOT) ^"CH^^o 6. (a.jgZloT blot), ^#^tB7t0 7. «Ct±^°-7^-TtfTy £ (a.^|Of: b.#l^c)0 10. TJ^t^C/hS&CT* (a.^Dot. b.vULoT) V>£0 11. lO^^ (a.H b.ffl) ^IV^t^Mo/Co 12. TWV^t (a.^ b.#) ^&9><&£0 13. '^fiV^ (a.flo b.*^) W^W-X.7tl^T\ f|V^0 14. m^PftxifB* (a.^tT b.flTt) V^0 15. C\ (a.^ b.») ££/L<&o7C0 18. W^C^ (a.#^t b.ipOT) 156 19. mŠLB\Z-fcŤZ*>\Z (a.3£0*& b . M O W) %Í>b^fz0 20. (a.£-tfT b.VÜ-tfT) V^V^*fe^^07c0 21. É^TiSAŕiŤ^fc/Ô* (a.jS^T b.nlOT) V>á0 22. Ä<^^Bl^etLv^ (a.tß h. M-) »tl/^0 23. I^Llot, ^tŽ-Etc^, Sri* (a.féoT b.fcT) ^0 24. ^W^^IáiC (a.^l^T bJOt) HŕPtáo 1 . a . ;tJí^fc^Ub ( b . mXtt>frtLZ> ( 2. a . ^fobfr^Htä ( b . *?t>bi)^^ ( 3 . a . (ž ĽžfrT^JKfí < ( b . tóbfeT, 5 ( 4. a . ^tž^£< §b< ) = z\z°- K^Ji^o $>d do Ü < Ž &< tbtzŤzfr^ frfz 3a v n« < o - (Dýímm < o $j § g o #t>£«o ^䣫o íSB£fé-CS£áo Mi; r bum < o Tc^icfiJT« < o Art < o ÍL# j: ť l±a. v t (f fžpium) ťc í±MS/i o 7t o Tncoffißff tcSI h o Oj ffl pfeife co rilí coT-effl1£ 0 a. T?iľ> h^lHö) ^< »< (FLi) (XI ž) i± H 0* T) ^x.&, 3&x.£, #x.& / « A< m G* ) (D {^ific7)ížiši ^m^mmm o m (^ x. á) (^ x. S ) (^ x.ž) mh ( ž) ^ (^ ž) M*) i? lot ft x. i "t ft x. T ^jíji-r -©or 9 262 □ Lesson 9 or) A T) *á 5féA(~ Tea £v>T %\,*X(& 1 V^T) tAA ^ ŤféÁ,"C(t| AA) A) A/ i Ť1) £oA gv^A(^_n^A) Eg ES LX{t AA) ÍnŕoT(£ ^oA "iA Hot (A JÍoT(£j oA) J:AA f^tr f%AtU [_AA) A) 0^ DfA-C(J; A A) a i A) A) < < (~?) < (~-~?) (~A~-) SlÄAiä^c7)^AAÍJ< 1-tr fttr (~A~~) föfr (~#) A x h A'^ífo 1&t>h (~A~~) ÍJJ#)á (~A~-) ||*Ôá (~?) AŽ 1äá (~A~-A~ h) ElAAAfö^o ítá (~?) mt (~?) ítt (~h~?) Í5C1- (~?) I#á (~#) SAT$ ž o ÍMá (~?) frfrtlh (~A~~ ) üA7A£A^Ati&o SlJtLá (~A~h) 262 ab i +&> 9 &> b t>~f + & h t>~t 9 -Q + 9 O 9 9 O-f -d < < 3a n mm m- L * 9 9 ) x ;v i A 19 * 9 ) * ^ ■ ^ < ) x ;v Ľ. i 9 L- i 9) itv* 19 í 9 ) itv^ < ) * <19 j; 9 ) x ;v ÍoLťzL) -f Adv. KD'Ž'fl <\ o m m m n& ^ íte wí tili l^y jt^ J/tJ-s. pi ? iliillliiiiillll fx ^ ^ ^ |g ^ m n §§§||§|ffltl ;|||||||||||| .0. TJ7C W /i-'Ü 22 1« I. E A,-C\ a c .T\ 0l®£jlfco 5. #Äx.7tľ(7)t:\ (a.#o b.ff&O c.jfo) iS^^AAľV^ 6. féOJlx.&^ŤM:: (a.i^/; b.^Šofc c.gžofc)0 7. A-7>£2&i9C9^m^ (a.^bfc b.^Lfc c.P£Lfc)0 8. il^ŕ^^ (a.MLT b.Ibt cjLt) t^/:0 9. (a.±0T b.#oT c.^0T) ^fc0 10. IILO&OA^iK (a.ii0f; b.yÔŽofc c.jgšo£)0 11. ^IlTiäLÜffl£AÄg£ (a.^fófc b.ilfófc c.^^A)0 12. š 'Jl&®£ (a.^bfc b.#Lfc c.BŔtfc)0 13. ^A/^C (a.#o b.H&O c.go) :£}i4SIŤ^téf%£>&00 14. A^Aiá (a. ;i| b.j£ c.^) ^tf^^1-V^tľ\ »ě/ío 15. í^li, S±liJ^ (a._L£ b.ffS c.^§)0 I. >k c.^fcP, d.Mo c.lbo/; d.&fcofc),, 10. (a.* b.TÉ c.T d.S) é»h^t/Co 11. £Z. t Lfz0 10. ^^aMtfc^ žbv^Av^A±ífe^H'A^AoAo 766 lie Ť IE Ť 267 □ Lesson 9 «t < féfrtiáÄfl, t^f^it-etc in Ifi m m 165 □ Lesson 10 I. 1. b A£ (A) picture IH (~f) drawing, figure 2. c night H& (ffA) evening 3. c ■ A1 (T < ) few J Lv> scarce 4. a .Bf (hiztz) warm M (h^) ^ hot 5. a .[BJ LA same ^ (X>t) LV^ equal 6. a . 'ik ( i ) *6 h to decide (£ tz) t>h to establish 7. c .$£ (tztzfr) 1 to fight #• (hh%) 1 to fight 8. b .i4 1 to be different S (ii) to differ 9. c .% (£) &t£ to be defeated W. (A*£) tl& to be defeated 10. b .f§ < to work W] (ot) to work for ■ 1 . b Iff (htzb) LV^ young men new 2. b (o#>) Av^X-^ m (£tr) cold/chilled juice cold, chilly (weather) 3. b (<&) tv^ e Lv> painful, difficult sad, miserable 4. a • il X) < A & Ai) < A ?JI^ strong (tea), dense IjJiV} strong 5. b .U LA fife *6A jSi" to correct, to repair £jt<$6& to renew, to change 6. b M (A) oA #J (§) oA to break (into pieces) £> to cut 7. b .# (^A#0 A A & (iS in) ofz % X. & to think, to meditate S 9 to think 8. a M (fa) to lie down, to sleep BR& to sleep 9. a .W (AA) AT * (^L&) oT to raise, to bring up H:9 to bring up 10. b M (At) tbbtitz m (tzL) frtbhtitz to admit, to accept to make sure 170 1. m^žA,(DX£j±, Arnual0 a. am b.ipU c.j^ a . )\m b . #^ c . jlgft 4. HÍ(QW±^o"CV^, >b@£fc0 a . Ä b . IM c . í&u 5. HJltifc Cl £ &ffi%* ( ) lto&0 a.í^ 12. 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WM(lttfAs)XjV to dispatch ffi^(l~£X)ir showy, flashy MK(Sf^'o) clique, faction #^?/Jt(SU^t4) conservative faction PP^iifiUV^A/LJ: 5f±) impressionists M^Oi-tirW;*./!' to derive from ii(!) ^ff )t fine, excellent Mik(kit) leftists, left faction &Mffi(c£ ti> 5 Lk>\t) radical faction #'MJt( t < f^V^A/) special correspondent / /- L 9 11 ® mix fHK^A/^o);^ to be crowded tSIH ( £ A/ if 5 ) X/V to confuse JK^OttS/iK*)^ to be mixed VMSL(£A/hki)7s)V to be confused M&(i/vr5)X;l/ to mix }Jl(J0i?<5 to mix, to include V s / s / / >* mi 12® 3 5* lake w$l*t>C) Lake Biwa / L 6 12® full, satisfied 6* iJ&(*^<)^ to be satisfied !M(£AA^A,) full (of people) ^TfKJp^A/) dissatisfaction #l£(;£A,TA,) full (marks) / ?0 L 9 12® measure *) i 5 to survey #t$J(aV^<)X^ to suppose ?MS (< X V ^) X )]/ to measure MiK^A/^O*^ to observe fM( <£■?: < )^/W to forecast, to estimate iiKfiv^J^ to measure 255 SflK^/u^V^) in full bloom mittel- to mi lffiHM(t./vK£^) fully 2 years old \ V / J / 0^ L 3 14M 3i y perform fcBJjpK L-iJiO^jXA' to appear on stage fll?I§(£ b %-h)7sjV to give a lecture {z. o tlAj)^jV to perform in public (x.A/)D<5 to play a part ?^S(x.A#')X;l^ to act, to perform $fit£( X./v-tfo)X;V to make a speech y^li (X./v L # 5 ) practice, drill \ V / .sr7 / 0# 0* 0^ 0* L 1 16M concentrated : iäl^^U—(DB^MX^^0 L-$< )^.^ to concentrate (liquid) 5§J¥(cO 5 £ 5 )T concentrated, deep ?Jfyl:(<£> 5 if) density iKi)V^ strong (liquid), dark (color) s / L 4 16® violent, severe ^^(^Atf'^)7>;l^ to be deeply moved MMUf%)7>;V to stimulate W:^Of ^ ^ 5 ) X ;!/ to increase suddenly SS8fc(#»fft)"?- extreme IfJK t * 5 ift )^ sudden, abrupt n(\f%fr)X/l' to intensify $&lS0f ^^-k^)7^)V to change radically M Of t ) X /V to be enraged ^(fi^')LVN severe 12. ^ (C^J-^C7)-\A> : beast) J-——---—— — z%* ft* &■ SM IKE2-5 BK38 1*1 IKB2-^r: 3 L 1 9Ü alone, *Germany m£ttc&£t±\ 256 <$&Ä(£f< !)o)X;k to become independent £'( if < iärA/)^/!^ to monopolize M#( if < t < )-f unique, special MM Of <)i~ lonely iS&JH < LX) single, unmarried * 2f < German literature (t> tf%) the lowest RRÄ(tf%£) limit (numerical) (time) limit RB(Ä^)3 to limit fk 5 Pf L 4 11 Ü danger , severe -p.287 ^ [ 3000^-r^Acol^LUlJLj^^^o Wk{\tb\-fL)7,;V to adventure feBfe(#ft^)dangerous *-* g£ P&IIOtA/&< dangerous, threatening jfcP&GSWX) insurance P&GtfcOLV'* steep, severe 257 P V W7 L 2 14M occasion, side £ 5 £ V>)^/1^ to associate with Do £ ) actually V-(r)u UK $ V^) fC when doing ~ MWkM Z < £ V^T# )-f international ^V^) on this occasion, now NKH£(£V"OLTwhen~happens, in case of- 14. ^| ( b i \J ^Aj : wooden piece) ft' IKB2-3 IKB^H): 15 Ijjfrtz^/v : direction)^- ft* Jfi* K10 BK10 IKB2-2 BK31 BK41 i-:-, m%m-+ ) nflB i| 18. 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P 1.7 I--- :i 269 31 4- L 7 7® 7> frtt-tl% ■ frtc-t disorder, confusion SLffi(^AJ;5)X/^ to abuse SL5l( ^!)o)^ to be profuse Jl^L(CAbA)X/^ to be confused iSL$t( hh^^)^ disorderly, confused f§LH ( A \t 5 ) X ^ violent %$z(hh,\$.^)7s)V to overissue WM*khhh) war ?iL(#-7c)"t" to throw into disorder 387TTrA^vA77sa7) lb r-r lllll 111 ikb2-1 lllsil as ■ 111 tin] ' ikb2-1 BK29 BK34 liiii iff ' ikbz-2 IKB2-2 mi bk27 II" l10 ikb2-u ikb2-^i 1.« BK31 1kb2-9 BK9 bk42 bk31 bku BK41 ikb2-10 bk42 bk45 i3i ■ 1.10 llll IKB2-^ iff ■'; tin 4 bku C7 5 It L 3 9® T*^f -P.279T revise, correct h<«3iV^ITIEl-3o fTIE(TV^V^;*/I/ to correct rMrM/^TVMf/v) revised edition S£fT(/0^TV^7,/I/ to revise 3- 3_ L 10 10® attack, discuss ^ItUfcgl, ffr&1~3 £ k K Lfc0 f^twC £ 5 /V' to examine IfKi 5§')^^ to discuss, to debate %fc(frtz § ) £ft( -9 to get revenge 270 äK i"7 XT L 10 Ii ® translate, reason mmm.m*tz Ami. ®sR(o5-^<)y^;V to interpret IR(J^<)"t" to translate ^ ( & 5 ) L-IR (fc> frt) excuse, apology MMIZAj^OX/V to translate ffl|R(^>->^<) translation into Japanese lS(^)^W.(fcl&)7->\' to give an excuse <> L 7 14® approve, admit, acknowledge V&M(^KA\y)^/V to deny M(fyb)tf>%> to acknowledge Hi 6 -j— >^ L 6 15® various, several, all kinds of ft Hl( Ui^O all/various countries ft!if*lll( L J; & A/THV1*) various problems fet^BS( L i 5 21 < ) various reports m lr( L J; £ 5 ) chain of islands L i T><£ 5 ) various expenses L 10 17® lecture — p. 289 q fg& ( £ 5 cf) 7. ;V to lecture 3®?S(t> £ 5 £ 5 )^./^ to audit jffiffrK £ 5 U) lecturer, instructor f§Jgf(£: b/\k/)7^]V to lecture, to address WM(c\ 5 c?) course (of lectures) si^( £ 5 if 5 ) lecture hall > Ho IS; L 10 19® knowledge, recognition i^i^(V^U^)7.;l/ to be conscious of MM(fcA>L%)7>/\' to recognize ( L # ) X to distinguish £qf$ (t> L#) knowledge ^TiiKUj; 5 L#) common sense ^|^(t>± 5 L-§) road sign 271 m 39. 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