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Time and Space VI
Pavel Caha
April 7 2020
1 / 41
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(1) M
the cockroach V
under the bed
path verb
2 / 41
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Cinque & Rizzi (2010)
Syntac c structures are complex objects, whose subtle proper es
have been highlighted and elucidated by half a century of formal
syntac c studies, building on a much older tradi on. [...]
3 / 41
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Cinque & Rizzi (2010)
Syntac c structures are complex objects, whose subtle proper es
have been highlighted and elucidated by half a century of formal
syntac c studies, building on a much older tradi on. [...]
The cartography of syntac c structures is the line of research which
addresses this topic: it is the a empt to draw maps as precise and
detailed as possible of syntac c con gura ons.
3 / 41
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Cinque & Rizzi (2010)
Syntac c structures are complex objects, whose subtle proper es
have been highlighted and elucidated by half a century of formal
syntac c studies, building on a much older tradi on. [...]
The cartography of syntac c structures is the line of research which
addresses this topic: it is the a empt to draw maps as precise and
detailed as possible of syntac c con gura ons.
Broadly construed in this way, cartography is not an approach or a
hypothesis: it is a research topic asking the ques on: what are the
right structural maps for natural language syntax?
3 / 41
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Cinque & Rizzi (2010)
Syntac c structures are complex objects, whose subtle proper es
have been highlighted and elucidated by half a century of formal
syntac c studies, building on a much older tradi on. [...]
The cartography of syntac c structures is the line of research which
addresses this topic: it is the a empt to draw maps as precise and
detailed as possible of syntac c con gura ons.
Broadly construed in this way, cartography is not an approach or a
hypothesis: it is a research topic asking the ques on: what are the
right structural maps for natural language syntax?
Answers may di er, and very di erent maps may be, and have been,
proposed, but the ques on as such inevitably arises as a legi mate
and central ques on for syntac c theory.
3 / 41
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Our map so far
(2)
from
under the bed
4 / 41
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Maps can be compressed
obchodu
the store
do ‘into’
5 / 41
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Revisi ng Tsez
Decomposing Path (Pantcheva 2011)
6 / 41
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Tsez paradigm proximal (Comrie & Polinsky 1998)
7 / 41
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Tsez paradigm distal (Comrie & Polinsky 1998)
8 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
9 / 41
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Loca on
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...
Place
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in
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Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
Path
Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
Path
-r/-y
to/from
10 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
11 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
11 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
12 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r
12 / 41
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Loca on
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in
13 / 41
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Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
Deix
Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
dist
z(a)
there
13 / 41
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Path
Loca on
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...
Place
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in
Path
-y
from
14 / 41
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Path
Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
Path
-y
from
Path
Deix
Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
dist
z(a)
there
Path
-y
from
14 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r
15 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λo -y
16 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r *-λo -y
17 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λāy
18 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
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on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λ(o)-āy
19 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
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on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λ(o)-āy
20 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
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on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λ(o)-ā -y
21 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λ(o)-ā -y
22 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal -λ(o)-ā-z(a) -λ(o)-ā-za-r -λ(o)-ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λ(o)-ā -y
23 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal -λ(o)-ā-z(a) -λ(o)-ā-za-r -λ(o)-ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o) -λo -r -λ(o)-ā -y
24 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal -λ(o)-ā-z(a) -λ(o)-ā-za-r -λ(o)-ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o)-ā -λ(o)-ā -r -λ(o)-ā -y
25 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal -λ(o)-ā-z(a) -λ(o)-ā-za-r -λ(o)-ā-za-y
on( support) -λ(o)-ā -λ(o)-ā -r -λ(o)-ā -y
26 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal -λ-ā-z(a) -λ-ā-za-r -λ-ā-za-y
on( support) -λ-ā -y
27 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal -λ-ā-z(a) -λ-ā-za-r -λ-ā-za-y
on( support) -λ-ā -y
distal
under
28 / 41
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essive alla ve abla ve
in -ā -ā -r -ā -y
in (distal) -ā-z(a) -ā-za-r -ā-za-y
distal -λ-ā-z(a) -λ-ā-za-r -λ-ā-za-y
on( support) -λ-ā -y
distal ň-ā-z(a) -ň-ā-za-r -ň-ā-za-y
under -ň-ā -y
29 / 41
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Tsez paradigm distal
30 / 41
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Tsez paradigm proximal
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Path
Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
Path
-y
from
32 / 41
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Path
Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
Path
-y
from
Path
Loca on
Orienta on
Ground
...
Orient
-ň
under
Place
-ā
in
Path
-y
from
32 / 41
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Path
Loca on
Ground
...
Place
-ā
in
Path
-y
from
Path
Loca on
Orienta on
Ground
...
Orient
-ň
under
Place
-ā
in
Path
-y
from
Path
Path
from
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the house
32 / 41
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Path
Deixis
Loca on
Orienta on
Ground
...
Orient
-ň
under
Place
-ā
in
dist
z(a)
there
Path
-y
from
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Path
Deixis
Loca on
Orienta on
Ground
...
Orient
-ň
under
Place
-ā
in
dist
z(a)
there
Path
-y
from
33 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
34 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
b. The boat dri ed from up above the dam
34 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
b. The boat dri ed from up above the dam
c. The boat dri ed from over in front of the palace
34 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
b. The boat dri ed from up above the dam
c. The boat dri ed from over in front of the palace
Par cles which modify loca ve PPs do not restrict the space denoted
by the PP.
34 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
b. The boat dri ed from up above the dam
c. The boat dri ed from over in front of the palace
Par cles which modify loca ve PPs do not restrict the space denoted
by the PP. Instead, par cles introduce viewpoint for the space,
generally as a presupposi on.
34 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
b. The boat dri ed from up above the dam
c. The boat dri ed from over in front of the palace
Par cles which modify loca ve PPs do not restrict the space denoted
by the PP. Instead, par cles introduce viewpoint for the space,
generally as a presupposi on. To determine whether a Figure, say
someone’s stray reindeer, is inside the cave, it is su cient to examine
the loca on of the reindeer and the spa al extent of the cave.
34 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
b. The boat dri ed from up above the dam
c. The boat dri ed from over in front of the palace
Par cles which modify loca ve PPs do not restrict the space denoted
by the PP. Instead, par cles introduce viewpoint for the space,
generally as a presupposi on. To determine whether a Figure, say
someone’s stray reindeer, is inside the cave, it is su cient to examine
the loca on of the reindeer and the spa al extent of the cave. If the
reindeer occupies the space bounded by the cave, then it is inside.
34 / 41
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English (Svenonius 2010)
(3) a. The boat dri ed from down inside the cave
b. The boat dri ed from up above the dam
c. The boat dri ed from over in front of the palace
Par cles which modify loca ve PPs do not restrict the space denoted
by the PP. Instead, par cles introduce viewpoint for the space,
generally as a presupposi on. To determine whether a Figure, say
someone’s stray reindeer, is inside the cave, it is su cient to examine
the loca on of the reindeer and the spa al extent of the cave. If the
reindeer occupies the space bounded by the cave, then it is inside.In
evalua ng an asser on that a reindeer is down inside the cave, the
truth condi ons are essen ally the same, but it is presupposed that
the region bounded by the cave is lower than some logophoric
center, e.g. the speaker or the subject is above the cave, or imagines
himself at the mouth of the cave, looking downward.
34 / 41
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Path
Path
from
Deix
Deix
over
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
35 / 41
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Revisi ng Tsez
Decomposing Path (Pantcheva 2011)
36 / 41
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Path
Path
from
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
37 / 41
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Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
38 / 41
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Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
b. e – un- e
38 / 41
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Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
b. e – un- e
c. do – un-do
38 / 41
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Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
b. e – un- e
c. do – un-do
d. healthy – un-healthy
38 / 41
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Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
b. e – un- e
c. do – un-do
d. healthy – un-healthy
e. wise – un-wise
38 / 41
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Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
b. e – un- e
c. do – un-do
d. healthy – un-healthy
e. wise – un-wise
f. good – bad (=un-good)
38 / 41
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Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
b. e – un- e
c. do – un-do
d. healthy – un-healthy
e. wise – un-wise
f. good – bad (=un-good)
g. bad – *un-bad
38 / 41
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.
Path
Path
?to
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
Rev
Rev Path
Path Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
(4) a. wrap – un-wrap
b. e – un- e
c. do – un-do
d. healthy – un-healthy
e. wise – un-wise
f. good – bad (=un-good)
g. bad – *un-bad
h. there – back (=un-there)
38 / 41
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source-goal containment (Pantcheva 2011)
39 / 41
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Rev
Rev Path
Path Deixis
Deix
over
Loca on
Place
in
Orienta on
Orient
front
Ground
of the palace
from
40 / 41
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References
Cinque, Guglielmo & Luigi Rizzi. 2010. The cartography of syntac c
structures. In Bernd Heine & Heiko Narrog (eds.), The Oxford
handbook of linguis c analysis. 51–65. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Comrie, Bernard & Maria Polinsky. 1998. The great Daghestanian
case hoax. In Anna Siewerska & Jae Jung Song (eds.), Case,
typology and grammar: in honor of Barry J. Blake. 95–114.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Haspelmath, Mar n. 2007. Pre-established categories don’t exist:
consequences for language descrip on and typology. Linguis c
Typology 11. 119–132.
Pantcheva, Marina. 2011. Decomposing Path. The nanosyntax of
direc onal expressions: CASTL, Tromsødisserta on.
Svenonius, Peter. 2010. Spa al P in English. In Guglielmo Cinque &
Luigi Rizzi (eds.), The cartography of syntac c structure, vol.6. 127
– 160. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at
h p://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000001.
41 / 41