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Time and Space IV
Pavel Caha
March 20, 2023
1 / 23
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What we know so far
The morphological expression of Path
Verbs of motion
2 / 23
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(1) STATIC LOCATIVE
FIGURE
the cockroach
PREDICATION
State
is
LOCATION
PLACE
under
GROUND
the bed
3 / 23
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Paths and locations
4 / 23
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(2) PATH
PATH
from
LOCATION
PLACE
under
GROUND
the bed
5 / 23
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(3) PATH
LOCATION
GROUND
the bed
PLACE
under
PATH
from
6 / 23
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Tsez
7 / 23
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directed motion
8 / 23
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directed motion
(4) a. Petr
Petr
šel
went
až
up
k
to
domu
house
‘Petr went up to the house’
8 / 23
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directed motion
(4) a. Petr
Petr
šel
went
až
up
k
to
domu
house
‘Petr went up to the house’
b. Petr
Petr
šel
went
přes
over
most
bridge
‘Petr went over the bridge’
8 / 23
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.
directed motion
(4) a. Petr
Petr
šel
went
až
up
k
to
domu
house
‘Petr went up to the house’
b. Petr
Petr
šel
went
přes
over
most
bridge
‘Petr went over the bridge’
c. Petr
Petr
šel
went
ven
out
‘Petr went out.’
8 / 23
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non‐directed
9 / 23
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.
non‐directed
(5) a. Petr
Petr
chodil
went
po
in
domě
house
‘Petr walked around in the house’
9 / 23
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.
non‐directed
(5) a. Petr
Petr
chodil
went
po
in
domě
house
‘Petr walked around in the house’
b. Petr
Petr
chodil
went
okolo
around
domu
house
‘Petr was going around the house’
9 / 23
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.
non‐directed
(5) a. Petr
Petr
chodil
went
po
in
domě
house
‘Petr walked around in the house’
b. Petr
Petr
chodil
went
okolo
around
domu
house
‘Petr was going around the house’
c. Petr
Petr
chodil
walked
tam
there
a
and
zpátky
back
‘Petr was going back and forth.’
9 / 23
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What we know so far
The morphological expression of Path
Verbs of motion
10 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
(7) comparatives
a. cool — cool‐er, ...
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
(7) comparatives
a. cool — cool‐er, ...
b. bad — worse (= bad‐er)
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
(7) comparatives
a. cool — cool‐er, ...
b. bad — worse (= bad‐er)
c. good — bett(‐)er
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
(7) comparatives
a. cool — cool‐er, ...
b. bad — worse (= bad‐er)
c. good — bett(‐)er
(to bett‐er something, to cool‐er something)
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
(7) comparatives
a. cool — cool‐er, ...
b. bad — worse (= bad‐er)
c. good — bett(‐)er
(to bett‐er something, to cool‐er something)
(8) past tense
a. walk – walk‐ed
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
(7) comparatives
a. cool — cool‐er, ...
b. bad — worse (= bad‐er)
c. good — bett(‐)er
(to bett‐er something, to cool‐er something)
(8) past tense
a. walk – walk‐ed
b. come – came
11 / 23
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.
Fusional/portmanteau marking
(6) plural
a. laptop — laptop‐s, ...
b. man — men
(7) comparatives
a. cool — cool‐er, ...
b. bad — worse (= bad‐er)
c. good — bett(‐)er
(to bett‐er something, to cool‐er something)
(8) past tense
a. walk – walk‐ed
b. come – came
c. keep – kep(‐)t
11 / 23
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.
realizational approaches to mophology
(9) comparative
adjective degree
12 / 23
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.
realizational approaches to mophology
(9) comparative
adjective degree
(10) comparative
adjective
tall
degree
er
12 / 23
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.
realizational approaches to mophology
(9) comparative
adjective degree
(10) comparative
adjective
tall
degree
er
(11) comparative
adjective degree
worse
12 / 23
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.
sg (děl‐a‐t = make)
1 děl‐á‐m
2 děl‐á‐š
3 děl‐á
13 / 23
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.
sg (děl‐a‐t = make)
1 děl‐á‐m
2 děl‐á‐š
3 děl‐á
sg (pros‐i‐t = ask)
1 pros‐í‐m
2 pros‐í‐š
3 pros‐í
13 / 23
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.
sg (děl‐a‐t = make)
1 děl‐á‐m
2 děl‐á‐š
3 děl‐á
sg (pros‐i‐t = ask)
1 pros‐í‐m
2 pros‐í‐š
3 pros‐í
sg (nés‐t = carry)
1 ??
2 nes‐e‐š
3 nes‐e
13 / 23
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.
sg (děl‐a‐t = make)
1 děl‐á‐m
2 děl‐á‐š
3 děl‐á
sg (pros‐i‐t = ask)
1 pros‐í‐m
2 pros‐í‐š
3 pros‐í
sg (nés‐t = carry)
1 nes‐e‐m
2 nes‐e‐š
3 nes‐e
14 / 23
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.
sg (děl‐a‐t = make)
1 děl‐á‐m
2 děl‐á‐š
3 děl‐á
sg (pros‐i‐t = ask)
1 pros‐í‐m
2 pros‐í‐š
3 pros‐í
sg (nés‐t = carry)
1 nes‐e‐m
2 nes‐e‐š
3 nes‐e
sg (nés‐t = carry)
1 nes‐ u (u = tense + 1st person)
2 nes‐e‐š
3 nes‐e
15 / 23
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(12) (Turkish)
a. Kitap
Book
masa‐da.
table‐loc
‘A/the book is on the table.
16 / 23
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.
(12) (Turkish)
a. Kitap
Book
masa‐da.
table‐loc
‘A/the book is on the table.
b. kitap‐ta
book‐loc
‘in the book’
16 / 23
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.
(12) (Turkish)
a. Kitap
Book
masa‐da.
table‐loc
‘A/the book is on the table.
b. kitap‐ta
book‐loc
‘in the book’
c. o.adam
he
park‐tan
park‐from
kostu.
ran
‘He ran from the park.’
16 / 23
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.
(12) (Turkish)
a. Kitap
Book
masa‐da.
table‐loc
‘A/the book is on the table.
b. kitap‐ta
book‐loc
‘in the book’
c. o.adam
he
park‐tan
park‐from
kostu.
ran
‘He ran from the park.’
d. ben
I
park‐a
park‐to
kostum.
ran
‘I ran to the park.’
16 / 23
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.
Path
Location
Ground
park
SM
GL
ta
Path
from
n
17 / 23
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.
Path
Location
Ground
park
SM
GL
ta
Path
from
n
Path
Location
Ground
park
SM
GL
Path
TO
a
17 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u — k
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u — k — od
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u — k — od — ?kolem
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u — k — od — ?kolem
c. na
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u — k — od — ?kolem
c. na — na
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u — k — od — ?kolem
c. na — na — s
18 / 23
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back to space
(13) Czech AT ‐ TO ‐ FROM ‐ VIA
a. v — do — z — skrz
b. u — k — od — ?kolem
c. na — na — s — přes
18 / 23
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What we know so far
The morphological expression of Path
Verbs of motion
19 / 23
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(14) MOTION DESCRIPTION
FIGURE
the cockroach
EVENT
V
emerged
PATH
PATH
from
LOCATION
PLACE
under
GROUND
the bed
20 / 23
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(15) MOTION DESCRIPTION
FIGURE
the cockroach
EVENT
V PATH
PATH LOCATION
PLACE
under
GROUND
the bed
path verb
21 / 23
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Verb‐framed vs. sattelite framed languages
(16) Spanish
a. Juan
Juan
{ ??corrió/
ran/
*anduvó/*
walked/
gateó
crawled
} a
LOC
la
the
tienda.
store
‘John ran/walked/crawled to the store’
22 / 23
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Verb‐framed vs. sattelite framed languages
(16) Spanish
a. Juan
Juan
{ ??corrió/
ran/
*anduvó/*
walked/
gateó
crawled
} a
LOC
la
the
tienda.
store
‘John ran/walked/crawled to the store’
b. La
the
botella
bottle
entró
moved.in
a
LOC
la
the
cueva
cave
(flotando).
floating
‘The bottle floated into the cave’
(Lit. ‘The bottle went into the cave floating’)
22 / 23
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Verb‐framed vs. sattelite framed languages
(16) Spanish
a. Juan
Juan
{ ??corrió/
ran/
*anduvó/*
walked/
gateó
crawled
} a
LOC
la
the
tienda.
store
‘John ran/walked/crawled to the store’
b. La
the
botella
bottle
entró
moved.in
a
LOC
la
the
cueva
cave
(flotando).
floating
‘The bottle floated into the cave’
(Lit. ‘The bottle went into the cave floating’)
(17) Czech
a. Petr
Petr
{ se plazil/
crawled
belhal
limped
} do
into
obchodu
store
‘Petr crawled/limped to the store.’
22 / 23
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Verb‐framed vs. sattelite framed languages
(16) Spanish
a. Juan
Juan
{ ??corrió/
ran/
*anduvó/*
walked/
gateó
crawled
} a
LOC
la
the
tienda.
store
‘John ran/walked/crawled to the store’
b. La
the
botella
bottle
entró
moved.in
a
LOC
la
the
cueva
cave
(flotando).
floating
‘The bottle floated into the cave’
(Lit. ‘The bottle went into the cave floating’)
(17) Czech
a. Petr
Petr
{ se plazil/
crawled
belhal
limped
} do
into
obchodu
store
‘Petr crawled/limped to the store.’
22 / 23
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Path verbs
(18) Path verbs in English
a. He jumped in the lake (directional)
23 / 23
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Path verbs
(18) Path verbs in English
a. He jumped in the lake (directional)
b. He swam in the lake (only locative)
23 / 23
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Path verbs
(18) Path verbs in English
a. He jumped in the lake (directional)
b. He swam in the lake (only locative)
(19) Path verbs in Czech
a. Dej
put
ten
the
kabát
coat
vedle
next to
bundy
jacket (directional)
23 / 23
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Path verbs
(18) Path verbs in English
a. He jumped in the lake (directional)
b. He swam in the lake (only locative)
(19) Path verbs in Czech
a. Dej
put
ten
the
kabát
coat
vedle
next to
bundy
jacket (directional)
b. Kabát
coat
visí
is hanging
vedle
next to
bundy
jacket (locative)
23 / 23
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Path verbs
(18) Path verbs in English
a. He jumped in the lake (directional)
b. He swam in the lake (only locative)
(19) Path verbs in Czech
a. Dej
put
ten
the
kabát
coat
vedle
next to
bundy
jacket (directional)
b. Kabát
coat
visí
is hanging
vedle
next to
bundy
jacket (locative)
▶ The point: motion can be coded in the spatial marker or in the
verb.
23 / 23