JIk>6ow EeiiKa Mah/jajia /^ah^apoha Xomsi cmucji neKomopux MaH.da.Ji, maKUXKCLK, uanpuMep, cuMeojiwiecKasi penpe3enmau,usi ecejieuHou, 6binojiH.eH.HaR u.3 zopcmu puca, mojkho od^RCHRmb oniKpumo, 6ojibUiiLRcmeo Mandaji omHocumcsi Kyuenwo manmpu. Kclk npaeujio, cmucji ux depjtcwncH emaune. Bcjiedcmeue amozo, jiKdu, cnumaiomiLe ManddJibi npocmo xydojtcecmeeHHbiMU npou.3eedeHU.siMU. ujiu nuKozda ne nojiyuaeuiue naamom cnem Keajiu.(f)Uniipo6aHHbix od'bRcneHuu., ny6jiuKyiom no amoMy noeody MHOJtcecmeo cneKyjisimuenux U OUlu6oHHUX 06'hSlCHeHUU. UocKOJibKy eosMOMCHoe cepbe3Hoe HedonoHUManue Mowcem 6umb 6ojiee epednuM. neM nacmunnoe ycmpaHenue 3aeecbi maHnu, x HeodnoKpamHO npusueaji k usjiomeHmo 6ojiee niOHHUX 06ihRCHeHlLU. ETO CBHTEHLUECTBO flAJ] AH-JIAMA XIV H3 Iipe/JHCJIOBHJJ K KHiire Mandala: Sacred Circle in Tibetan Buddhism fBrauen 2009: 7) JI jo e o in Eejika Mandala of Dandaron: a visual representation of the history of the unofficial Buryat Buddhist Sangha of Soviet period As a case-study of the history of Buddhism in Russia this paper discusses the founding of a new form of Buddhism within the traditional Buryat sangha. In the mid-1960s a small but important, Buddhist community originated in Ulan-Ude. An unofficial or clandestine micro-sangha formed around Bidia D. Dandaron, a Buryat Buddhist scholar. It existed until 1972, the year of Dandaron's imprisonment. Subsequently he was sentenced tofiveyears in the prison, where he died on 26th October 1974. One of his first disciples was Alexandr Zheleznov, who painted the Vajrabhairava mandala which was both non-traditional and innovative. This Dandaron Mandala may be perceived as the visual part of the collective memory of one particular group of Buddhists in Buryatia. This group includes both the members of Dandaron's group who got acquainted with the mandala shortly after its origination and its present interpreters MAH£A.7IA /JAHäAPOHA: JIwÔomEejiKa BH3YA^bHAH PEnPE3EHTALJHfl „ Ma3apuKCKUu HCTOPMH HEOOHUHAJIbHOH ynueepaimem, EyPflTCKOH Ey^AHHCKOH HexuR CAHrXH COBETCKOrO I1EPHOAA OÖmHHa EHflbH /laHflapoHa npeflCTaBjraeT coôoh ymiKajib-HbiH cpeHOMeH KyjibrypHoro B3aíiMonpoHHKHOBeHHíi 3a-nafla h BocTOKa, cjiyqHBinerocíi b nepnofl xpymeBCKOH OTTenejiH b Hanajie 6 o-x ro^oB x x seKa h b anoxy 6pe>K-HeBCKoro HeocTajiHHH3Ma Ha CTbme 1960-x h 1970-x roflOB. ECJIH CHHTaTb, HTO KOJIÍieKTHBHaa naMHTb COCTOHT H3 HHflHBHflyaJIb- Hbix naMHTeíi, to paccMaTpHBaeMaa b 3toh CTaTbe piicoBaHHaa MaHfla- jia ^aH^apoHa HBJííieTCíi kojuiskthbhoh naMaibio o^hoh KOHKpeTHOH rpynnbi 6yzbu,HCTOB EypHTHH. 3Ta rpynna BKJiioHaeT h HJieHOB o6irj,H- Hbi /laHflapoHa, KOTOpbie no3HaKOMHJiHCb c MaHflajioií BCKOpe nocjie ee co3flaHHH, h coBpeMeHHbix ee HHTepnpeTaTopoB. MaH^ajia HeceT b ce6e HHtJ»opMarj;Hio o noflaBJíeHHH pejniriiH b Cobctckom Coio3e h pa3- rpoMe TeoKpaTH^ecKoro rocy^apcTBa JlyöcaHa CaH^aHa IJbifleHOBa1. 1 Cm.:puc. 14-I6; 28; KOHTCKCT C03flaHHH MaHflaJIbl npHMenaTeJieH C TOHKH 3peHHH HCTOpHH Andreyev^CW'' aHTHpejiHrH03HOH nojíHTHKH rocy^apcTBa: MaH/jajia fíbuia co3/i;aHa Ts.yrempu.ov 2007,2008 yqeHHKOM ^aH^apoHa, KOTopbifi caM CTaji aíepTBOH penpeccHH. riepBbie cjiyqaii noflaBJíeHHíi 6yflflH3Ma, HHHUHHpoBaHHbie coBeT- CKOH BJiaCTbK), HaHaJIHCb B nepHOfl TpaiKflaHCKOH BOHHbl, KOrfla CTO- poHHHKH ÖypHTCKoro TeoKpaTirqecKoro rocy^apcTBa HanajiH 6opb6y c ooíibineBHCTCKOH peBOjnoijHeH. lix nopaíKeHHe h nocjieflOBaBinee 3a 3THM 3aKJiK)HeHHe b TiopbMy h CMepib JlyöcaHa CaH^aHa Ľ[bmeHO- Ba 03HaMeHOBaJIH HOBblH 3Tan B pa3BHTHH peJIHrH03HOH CHTyai],HH B COBeTCKOH POCCHH. B IiepBOH nOJIOBHHe 20-X TOflOB XX BeKa ĽíiaBa petpopMaľopoB öyflflHHCKOH caHrxH ArBaH RopmHeB nbiTajicH npn-MHpiiTb 6yAflH3M c KOMMyHHCTHHecKOH liflecuiorneH. OflHaKO 3TH no-nbiTKH npoBajiHJiHCb, a Kor^a b 1929 ro^y k BJiacTH b CTpaHe npHineji Ö4EPKH H 3CCE T A R T A R I A M A G N A I ' 2 O I 2 is! CTajiHH, öoptöa c pejinrneE BCTynaeT b OTKpbiiyio 4)a3y. y>Ke k KOHiry 30-X rOflOB BCe ÖyflflHHCKHe MOHaCTHpH 6bIJIH 3aKpbITH, MOHaXH H3-THaHbl H3 MOHaCTbipeĚ, H BnepBbie B ÖypnTCKOH HCTOpHH HaHHHaeTCH necniHJieTHe 6e3 oc[)Hn,HajibHOH pejiHrH03Hoií íkh3hh. MaHÖajia Eiiflbíi ^aHflapoBHH /JaHflapoH cbirpaji ocoöeHHO iipicyio pojib b fiandapoHa hctophh aHTHÖyanHHCKHX penpeccHĚ. Oh 6uji hx íKepTBOĚ Kas b CTa- jihhckhh nepHOfl 30-x ronpB, TaK h b HeocTajiHHHCTCKoe BpeMH 70-x. B 3TOM CMbicjie cyflbóa ^aHnapoHa Stíšia yHHKajibHOĚ: hhkto h3 mm He npOÍKHJI CTOJIb CJIOiKHyiO >KH3Hb, KaK OH. EypHTCKoe JiaMCTBO CTajio mepTBOH penpeccnfi KaK pejiHrH03Han h connajibHan rpynna. CoBeTCKan BJiacTb EapbHpoBajia CBoe oxHoine-HHe k JiaMaM b 3aBhchmocth ot hx MecTa b MOHacTbipcKOĚ nepapxHH h ÖJiarococTonHHn, nonpas/jejifin hx Ha TpH rpynnbi. ilepBafi rpynna BKjnonajia öoraTbix jism h npeflCTaBHTejieii Bbicmen nepapxHH. 3th JiioflH yHHHTOíKajiHCb 6e3 cjieflCTBHH jih6o npHrosapHBajiHCb k pac-CTpejiy KOTOpbiH b HeKOTOpbix cjiynanx 3aMeHíuicH Ha fleciiTHJieTHn 3a-KjnoHeHHH b ryji at e (KaK npoH3onuio b cjiynae c ^aHnapoHOM). BTopaH rpynna BKjnonajia CTapniHX JiaM h cpenHee 3BeHO b nepapxHH. KaK npaBHJio, hx npHroBapHBajm k /iJiHTejibHOMy 3aKjnoneHHK> b r y ji Are, a He k CMepra. Jlnnib HeKOTopbie H3 hhx H3Öe>KajiH apecTOB h CTaJIH BeCTH MHpCKyiO >KH3Hb. TpexbH h HaHÖojiee MHoronncjieHHaH rpynna BKjnonajia MOJio^bix JiaM h nocjiyniHHKOB (xysapaKOß). Pix cy^böa, b cpaBHeHHH c flsyivin ApyrHMH rpynnaMH, öbiJia oiHOCHTejibHO ÖJiaronojiynHOH. Ohh, KaK npaBHJio, He npHBJieKajincb k cyzry, ho flOJDKHbi 6hjih noKHHyrb mo- HaCTbipb, BeCTH >KH3Hb MHpHH H CTaTb OÖblHHHMH COBeTCKHMH rpaiK-flaHaMH-CTpOHTeJIHMH COHHaJIH3Ma. HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX OÖ3aBO/IHJIHCb CeMbnMH H nOJIHOCTblO BOCnpHHHMaJIH CBOH HOBHH CTaTyc. Eudbsi ßandapoeuu ßandapoH cbizpaji ocoöenno apKyw pojib e ucmopuu aHmu.6ydduu.CKUx penpeccuií. Oh 6uji ux mepmeou kuk e cmajiuHCKuti nepuod 30-x zodoe, maK u e HeocmajiuHucmcKoe epeMíi 70-x. B btuom CMbtcjie cydbôa ßandapoHa ôbuia ynuKcuibHou: hukiuo U3 JiaM ne npoMUJi cmojib cjioxcnyw acu3Hb, kuk oh Hepe3 necniHJieTHe nočné HeöbiTHH caHrxn b EypírmH ynejieBinne jiaMbi oöpaiHJiHCb k C Tajní Hy c npocböoä bosoöhobhtb cbokj neínejib- HOCTb. QaKTHHeCKH OHH npOCHJIH ÖJiarOCKJIOHHOCTH y BJiaCTefi, KOTO- pbie hx h no/jaBJínjiH, ho HHoro nyrn y hhx He öbiJio. HacKOJibKO HaM 152 TIioEoni Eejika H3BecTH0, 3TO nHCbMO c 3TDH npocböon TaK HHKorfla h He óbDio ony-ÔJíHKOBaHO. BaaíHee Bcero to, hto BiuioTb flo TaK Ha3biBaeMbix «nepe-CTpoHKH» h «raacHOCTH», oypíiTCKaíi ocpHHHajibHaíi caHrxa He Moraa no3BcuiHTb ceöe roBopHTb o penpeccHíix 30-x roflOB, a TeM 6ojiee bli-CTynaTb c hx kphthkoh, hto, BnponeM, othochjiocb ko BceMy coBeicKO-My oömecTBy. HecMOTpH Ha 3to, a, MO>KeT, k as pa3 ÖJiaro/japii 3 to My, b OKT^ópe 1974 rofla co3flaeľCH MaHflajia, b KOTopoii npíiMO hjih KOCBeH-Ho 3TH penpeccHH öbijih OTpaateHH. ToTtpaKT, hto /JaH^apoH Ha o^hom H3 ceKTopoB MaHflajiH H3o6pa>KeH b nojiocaTofi apecTaHTCKofi oßempß (cm. puc. 17), caM no ceöe napaAOKcajieH: 3aKjnoHeHHbie ryjiAra, KaK npaBHJio, He hochjih TaKyio ORempy; 3to 3ana,zi;HbiH chmboji, KoiopbiH, BnponeM, noHfrreH h y3HaBaeM bo BceM MHpe. CKOpee Bcero, aBTOp MaHfla/ibi—AjieKcaHflp >Kejie3HOB—HMeHHO no 3toh npHHHHe H3o6pa-3HJI ^aHflapoHa b a^ĚátMífo KOTOpyio tot, BepoHiHO, miKorfla He hochji. H 3TO He eflHHCTBeHHBiH nofloÖHbiH cmmaw. b flpyroft ^acra MaH^ajibi ^aHflapoH H3o6pa>KeH b TaHTpniicKOM KOCTioMe (cm. puc. 17), oflHaKO 3TOT KOCTKM eMy He npHHa/yieiKaji, a 6bui Bcero Jinnib My3eĚHbiM 3kc-noHaTOM (cm, puc. 18), Bo3BpamaHCb k Haniefi HciopHH, mh MO>KeM 3aflaTbcn BonpocoM, He Ha^en^cn jih >Kejie3HOB, nio ero MaH^ajia nona^eT 3a npeflejibi Co-BeTCKoro CoK>3a, h, Shtl moíkct, noTOMy h H3o6pa3HJi CBoero y^HTejm b apecTaHTCKOH po6e3anaflHoro oopa;.ii.i,a. 3to He TaK yst h HeßepoíiTHO, eCJIH BCnOMHHTb, HTO fleJIO ^aH^apOHa CTaJIO OÖteKTOM BHHMaHHfl CO CTopoHbi KecTOHCKoro HHCTHTyTa, 3MHecTH HHTepH3uiHJi h ocBema-jiocb Ha Pa^HO CßoÖoflbi, PaßHO CboÖoahoh Eßponbi h pa^HO «ľojioc AMepHKH». Ejiaro/japíi TaKHM jho/bim, KaK AjieKcaHflp EbiTHropcKHH1 h EjieHa CeivieKa2, HHCpopMauHii o penpeccnax b OTHonieHHH esponefi-CKHX öyflflHCTOB bo rjiaße c hx öyp^TCKHM rypy npoHHKJia Ha 3anafl3. CymecTBOBajia o/i,Ha 6a30Ban npeflnocbuiKa pjiK toto, nToöbi MaH-flajia (pyHKínioHHpoBajia KaK oOBeKTHBHpoBaHHaíi KOJUieKTHBHaa na-MHTb: JI1060H, kto Hcnojib30Baji MaHflajiy KaK oöteKT flJifl MeflHTannn, flOJBíteH 6biji 3HaTB o ee HCTOpmecKOM coflepataHHH. Hhhmh cjiosa-MH, MeflHTHpyíornHe aojdkhh öbijih y3HaBaTb Tex JiereHflapHbix hjih peaJIBHO CymeCTBOBaBUIHX HCTOpHHeCKHX JIHHHOCTeH, KOTOpbie 6HJIH H3o6pameHbi Ha MaHflajie. Ho KaKHM o6pa30M KOHKpeTHbie o6pa3bi aCCOUHHpOBajfflCb C HMeHaMH? BepyíOmHM 6bIJIH H3BeCTHbI (pOTO- rpacpHH HCTOpHHecKHX JiHHHOCTefi h H3o6pameHHH JiereHflapHbix hjih MHCpnqecKHX repoes Ha maHKa h MHHHaTiopax, TaK KaK ohh qacTO BbicTaBJíiuiHCb Ha flOMaHiHHX ajiTapnx. MaHflajia ^aHflapoHa cpHKcnpy-eT rjiaBHbix npeflCTaBHTejieii jihhhh nepepoatfleHHH ^^íanK (cm.: puc. 6-9; II-I2), H MBI MOÍKeM npeflnOJIO>KHTb, HTO 3Ta JIHHHH 6bIJia OHeHb xopoiHO H3BecTHa HJieHaM rpynnbi /JaHflapoHa. HMeeTCH oneHb HHTepecHoe CBHfleTejibCTBO LlbiBaH-JiaMaxan (JlaMbi U,BiBaHa /JaninrtbipeHOBa, caMoro MOJiofloro H3 ynacTHHKOB flejia /JaHflapoHa)4: Mup ceoux u uyMux: couuanbHasi KOMMynuKauuR CK803b npu3My pejlUZU03H0Z0 onbuna 1 Pmúgorsky, 1978 1 CeMEKa, 1 974 3 Cm.: Zhukovskaia 2010: 203-204; cm. moxdice: Batchelor 1 994; Zikmundova—Berounsky 1 995; Belko. 2001b CmpejiKoe, 2003: 20 Omepkh h 3 c c e Tartaria Magna i'2012 ISS Korfla BecbMa o6pa30BaHHbie jnop m 3anaflHOH ^acra CoBeTCKoro Coio3a CTanH npHe33íaTb k E. J\. /{aHflapoHy, sto Bbi3biBaxo 6ecnoKoficTBO BJiacreH (m.e. KTE—npuM. Moe U.E.). Ohh crooiKHyjiHCb c hobbtm irBJiemreM, koto-poe hm TpyflHO 6bDio noHfrrb. OflHaat/Ibi, npnexaB H3 HpKyrcKa Ha Kami-Kyjibi noBHflaTb CBoero oTija AiMHHa /lamimbipeHOBa, a no3HaKOMHJica c Mandajia ero yHHTejieM BHflbefi /latiflapoBHqeM /larmapoHOM. Hmchho Torfla Bnflba /Jandapona /larmapoH cKa3aji, hto 6yflflH3M óyfler pacnpocTpaffirrbCíi b Pocchh c reo- MeTpH4ecKoflnporpeccHefi. (...) nooie toto, Katí/JatiflapoHheroy'íeHHKH 6bLiiH apecTOBaHbi, MHorne (ocoöemio noHouiBie) óosumch B03BpameHHíi 1937 ro.ua. íi 6ldi yoeaífleH, hto mbi aojukhbi flepataTLCíi CBoeö Bepbi h no rpyíKaTbCíiB Hemp coömthh. MeHa yMo^íura, nyrami apecTOM, ho tem ca-MbíM mmih ciuibHee yKpemuuiH moio Bepy. Tot rofl ;t*iír Meira 6bui pemaro-iilHM h npeflonpeflenHJi boo moio nocjie/ryiomyio aíH3Hb. Eojibmaíi nacTb CBe#eHHĚ o tom, ksk cjie^yeT HHTaib hjih, rosopíi TO^Hee, HcnojiB30BaTb MaH^ajiy^aH^apoHa, nojiyqeHa HaMH H3 k míru Bjia^HMHpa MoHTJieBHHa—ochoto h3 nepBbix yneroiKOB Eh^bh JIělh-flapoHa. Ab to p ynoMHHaeT HeKOTOpbie o6cTOíiTejibCTBa co3flaHHíi MaH-/uuTLi, b nacTHOCTH, flaTy ee OKOHHaHHH (19 OKTírópH 1974 rofla, T.e. 3a Heflejiio flo CMepiH ^aH^apoHa). OflHaKO oh He flejiaeT HHKaKHX koh-KpeTHbix onncaHHH caMHX H3o6pa>KeHHH. ^pyrne onncaHHH MaHßajibi, KOTOpbie MOÍKHO HaHTH B HHTepHeie, He COflepíKaT ofíbíICHeHHH jm- HHH ^aHflapoHa h xapaKTepHCTHK OTflejibHbix JiHHHOCTefi b Hefi. MaHflajra ^aH^apoHa npeflCTaBJííieT coooií Kpyr c MHoroHHCJieHHbi-MH H3o6pa>KeHHHMH öoatecTBa BaflatpaoxafipaBbi b ero neHTpe. 3tot thii Marmaji xoponio onncaH /^bh^om MopraHOM. Pa3yMeeTCü, b hh-íKecjieflyioirj,eH iiHTaTe oh He HMeeT b BH#y MaH^ajiy ,KHO BblfleJIHTb TpHI ^aH^apoH KaK noncy, luin nepepo/K/umen, h jihhhíi, k KOTOpoS oh npHHaflJiemaji; yqniejib .ZJaHflapoHa JlyöcaH CaH/iaH D,bi/ieHOB h ero pojib b >kh3hh /JaHflapoHa h co3flaHHOH hm rpynnbi; BaatHbie Bexn b >kh3hh /JaH^a-poHa. ĽHflbíi /íaHflapoH CHHTajicH HeTbipHafli^aTbiM nepepoKfleHHeM/JjKa-rk JlaMbi. Ero npeflinecTBeHHHK Rmajw Jlaiia XIII HeoflHOKpaiHO no-cemaji EypHiHK) h, KaK yrBep^aeT MecTHaa TpaflHBHíi, b nocjieflHHH CBOH BH3HT oöeinaji BepyíoiHHM nepepo/rHTbCH b panoHe 03epa Eaö-Kaji. Mepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeMü nooie ero CMepTH JlyöcaH CarmaH ĽJbifle-HOB npH3Ha^ HeflaBHO po^HBiuerocíi ôypHTCKoro MJiafleHna, KOTOpbifi BnocjieflCTBHH CTaHeT EHflbefi /JaH^apoHOM, nepepoíKfleHHeM J\íksiíik JlaMbi h HeTbipHaflĽ;aTbiM npeflCTaBHTejieM 3toh ähhhh TyjiKy. OflHaKO THÖeiubi MOHacibipíi ľyMOyM He cneimuiH npH3HaBaTb 3tot tpaKT h, b KOHeHHOM HTore, HanuiH «CBoe» nepepo>KfleHHe /4>KaíiK JlaMbi. TaK jihhhíi pas^ejiHJiacb, h oflHOBpeMeHHO b EypHTHH h AMflo nepepo>Kfle-HHeM RmaKK JlaMbi 6biJiH npH3HaHbi pa3Hbie ^eTH. # 06 v.omopv.v. 830.VMOomHow.eHuu Mexcdy PocoiůcKUM zocydapcmeoM v. 6ypsimcKoů cqlhzxoů cm., nanp. IjupeMnuiioe, 2009, 2010 Omepkh h 3 c c e T a r t a r i a Magna i'2012 ISS K O M M E H TA P H H K PHCYHKAM MAHflAJIfel flAHflAPO HA PHC. I MaHfluia/laHflapoHa, aBTop A^eKcaHflp HBaHOBHq )K&fie3-HOB, 1974 rofl, fleöcTBHTejitHHe pa3Mepti, MaTepiiaji h kpacKH HeH3BeCTHbI ISO JIioEoín Bejika KOMMEHTAPHH K PHCľHKAM MAHflAJIbl fl AHflAPOHA PHC. 6 Hrypa cnpaBa: /tiKaaK JlaMa XIII KöicaHr LTyjiTHM TeHne HHMa (yiviep b 1913, HaCTOHTOIt MOHaCTfcipH TyMÔyM, Am^o); pHcyHOK ELinojiHeH c 4>OTorpa4)HH 1912 rofla (cm. puc. 7) OTorpa(J)Ha 1912 roaa. HcroqHHK: Ctp&jikob h flp. 2006: 440 PHC. 8 /IřKaHK JlaMa XIII K&icaHr IT^jithm TeHne HHMa. OTorpa4>Ha. Toa HeH3-BecTeH OlEPKH H 3 C C E TARTARIA MAGNA ťi Oli 157 KOMMEHTAPHH K PHGYHKAM M AH fl, A Jihl flAHflAPOHA PHC. 10 AKna JlaMSj $oto-rpa(J)HH 1912 ro/ra. Mcto^hmk: 3ewuiH BaflSipanaHH, 2008: 310 PHC. II ^jKasK JlaMa XIV JlocaHr TeHne ľbanqeH C1916-19903 HacroHTejih MOHacTtipH ryMÖyM, Amj;o). Hcto^hhk; CrpejiKOB, 2003: 6 PHC. 12 /JsiaaK Jlawia XIV JlocaHr TeHne TbaimeH. HcToqHHK: 3ewuiH Ba/i-MipanaHH, 2008: 310 PHC. 13 TpexMepHaa Moaejib MaHflanbi Kajianaicpbl, MoHacTbipb ľyMOyMj Amro. í>OTorpai|)HH aBTopa 158 Jl t~J e O Kí Ee/ika KOMMEHTAPHH K PHCľHKAM MAHflATIbl flAHflAPOHA OHrypa, H3o6pasíeHHaH Ha MaH/rajie (puc. g), Ha-noMHHaer /JxíafiK JlaMy XIV 3aneqaTJieHHoro Ha (|)OTorpa(|)hh (puc. u). Ecjih H3o6pa>KeH /reHCTBH- TeJIbHO OHj to 3T0 3HaqHTj ^TO B iq74 ro/ry A. H. )Ke- ^63hob He tojilko 3Haji o cyuiecTBOBaHHH apyroro nepeposífleHHíi /IsíaHK JlaMbi, iiomhmo /laHflapoHa., ho htOj KaK 3TOT qe;ioBeK BBiraHflen. Ecjih Ha (poro-rpai|>HH eiviy or 20 so 30 JieT, to OHa MosíeT fíäXSi-poBaTbCŕi 1936-1946 rr.j t.e. nepHOflOMj Korfla Kyjib-TypHtie KOHTaKTbi m e syry EypflTHeň h Amao enEa jih öbijih bo3moä;hbi. flpyran ero <|>OTorpaHH flsíaaK JlaMtí XIV HĚH3BecTHa^ a eflHHCTBeHHafl PBBecTHaa ero (|)OTorpai|)Híi—sto CHHMOK ero jiHiia> ony&nHKO-BaHHbiH b JKypHajie «TaHHbi BypHTHH» (puc. 11. Cm.: Cm.peRK.oe, 2003: 6). Tbkhm o6pa30M., A H. ÍKe.ne3-HOB Mor Hcncuib30BaTb HHJKHBDEO qacTb pjm H3o6pa-síchhh 060hx thGctckhx nepepoaí/reHHH RtKasíK JlaMbi^ noMCHaB MecTaMH JiHiiib HXJiHqa. B cny^aCj ecjiH Ha ^OTorpatpHH (puc. it) /ieH-CTBHTejiBHO /JstaHK JlaMa XIV xyapxHHK A- ÍKejie3-HOB b 1974 ro^y flo^síeH 6 bin 3HaTb 3Ty i|>OTorpa-i|)HB3 H3 ryMOyMa^ KOTopan Stína cflejiaHa okcuio 1945 rosa. BepoíiTHOj KaKPie-TO cbh3h óypírrcKHX SyzLSHCTOB c Am/to h THÖeTa no/wepjKHBajiHCb h Toraaj HecMOTpíi Ha t o., it o b nepHOfl ct 3jihhckhx penpeccHH JiEoötie HecaHKíiHOHHpoBaHHtie BJia- ctíimh cbíi3h c 3arpaHHqeň modih ctohtb lejioBeKy JKH3HH. /JOCTaTO^iho BCnOMHHTbj ^ito MHOÍKCCTEO ĎypHT Torfla npHroBapHBajiHCb k CMepTH 3a «innHO-Haa; b nojib3y £InoHHH». ^aH^apoH HHKor/ia He yno-MHHaji flaíaHK-JiaMy h HHKoraa He Ha3tiBa;i ceoíi ero nepepoaífleHqeM. TeM He MeHee., BepoHTHOj ^tq Ha MaHfla^e H3o6pasíeH HMeHHO ^síaíiK JlaMa XIV, it o osHaiaeTj itoÄaHflapoH 3Haji o hěm (puih, no KpapiHefí Mepej o HeM 3Ha.n ÍKejie3H0B h m or BHfleTb ero (j)OTorpaiJ)Hto). K cosíajieHHEOj onHcaHHH 3thx ppicyHKOB He coxpaHH^HCbj a ncroMy npe/rncjio-ateHHe otom, ^to Ha MaH/iajie H3o6pasíeH JlwaxK JlaMa XIV íiBJííieTCŕi Jiauih .:nsY}OTorpa$Híi 1891 rofla. Hctohhhk: Belka 2001a: 70, piic. 3 JlyßcaH CaHflaH UtmeHOB. Híi 1919 ro/ia. Hctohhhk: Belka 2001a: 733 piic. 4 i6o JllOEOllI B eji K A K O M M E H TA P H H K PHCyHKAM MAHflAJlbl flAHflAPOHA Ha CerOflHHHIHHH fleHb H3BeCTHbI JIHHIb TpH (JlOTO- rpaiJiHH JlyöcaH CaHflaH HbifleHOBa. riepBaa h3 h fix flaTHpyeTCfi 1891 roflOM, a flBe flpyrne—1919-M. ľľepBaíi Hfl (cm. puc. 15) npeflCTäBJía-eT C060H THnH^iHoe cajioHHoe 4>oto, nonyjMpHoe b KOHD,e XIX BeKa. UbifleHOB, Torfla b B03pacTe 41 rofla (oh podiuícR e 1850 z. Cm. Tsyrempilov 2008: 117), 3aneHaTJieH 3flecb b TpaflHííHOHHOM MOHaine-CKOM ofleíiHHH c oOpnioií tojioboh h ycaMH. Ha ero Horax SypíiTCKaa o6yBb. BoKpyr Hero h Ha HeM ot-cyrcTByioTKaKHe-JiHÖo yKparneHHíi, iiomhmo hctok B JieBOH pyKe. OH BblĽÍIÍIflHT CKpOMHbIM h cnoKoŕi- HbiM. Ero npaBaH pyKa iiokohtcji Ha KpyraoM cto-jíHKe; nofl pyKoŕi, eo3mo>kho, oöepHyTbiii tomhk SyflflHHCKoŕi cyTpH. HBeiHOH pncyHOK c MaHflajibi, OCHOBaHHblÖ Ha 3T0H $OTOrpaoto. Ha pncyHKe ero MOHarnecKaíi po6a opamKeBoro hjih KpacHoro HBeTa (cm. puc. 14). Ha MaHflajie .ZJaHflapoHa 3Ta OTorpaHíi aK-THHecKH Hcno^b30BaHa flBaatflbi. Bo-nepBbix, 3to ynoMaHyTaíi yace HBeTHaa koiihíi (J>OTorpaHH (cp. puc. 14 u puc. 15), a BO-BTOpbIX, pHCOBaHHa.H KOnHfl asnp c 3TOH $OTorpa(JiHH (cm. puc. 28). H to hh-TepecHO, Ha 3tom noaieflHeM pncyrnce HbifleHOB HapHCOBaH B CBeTCKOM KOCTIOMe C TpOCTbK), nOpT- cfiejieM h b KoiejiKe. Bepoímio, 3flecb HbifleHOB H30- öpaaceH bo BpeMíi CBoero, íikoobi, HMeBinero MecTO nyreniecTBHii b HTajiHio. rioMHMO 4)oto 1891 rofla HMeioTCíi TaKace flBe (J)OTorpa4)HH, flaTHpyíomHecíi 1919 roflOM (cm. puc. 16). HbifleHOB CTOHT cjieBa, b npaBoö pyKe y Hero TOHKaa TpocTb, a b JieBOH neTKií. Ha cpoTO eMy 69 JieT, OH OfleT B TpaflHD,HOHHbIH 6ypHTCKIÍH KOCTioM, y Hero flJiHHHbie bojiocm h rycTaa öopofl-fta. no JieByio ot Hero CTopoHy mh TaKace bhahm /lopatH BaflMaeBa. Xoth ab a 3thx nejioBeKa ctoíit pflflOM, 3aMeiHa BbipasíeHHaíi nepapxHíi: EaflMaeB HaxoflHTCíi no3aflH, $ohom, a HbifleHOB HeMHoro BbicTynaeT Bnepefl. Ooto cflejiaHO He b aTejibe, a BHyrpH flepeBHHHoro flOMa: öejiaa npocľbiHb 3a-KpbiBaeT He bck> CTeHy h c npaBoro yraa BHflHeioT-cr ÔpeBHa. Meatfly OTorpaOTorpaiJ>hs A. H. noHOMapeBSj 1965 tor, ropoflYjiaH-yfl3. Hcto^hhk: Belka 2001a: 96, pne. 12 no B. MoHTJieBH'iy, 3Ta ceptia dpororpacpHH ßtuia cflejiaHa yjiaH-yÄ3HCKHM dpoTorpacpoM A. H. noHOMapeBbiM b 1965 rofly Emj 6éijio nopy^eHO noflroTOBHTb cpoTorpacpHH šffiä nponaraH-flHCTCKOH ßponuopbi o paciiBCTe 6yflflH3Ma b CCCP. B 3anac-HHKax 3THorpadpHiecKoro My3ea HapoflOB 3a6aňKa;ibíi b npH-ropofle yjiaH-y^ip oh oĎHapyiKHJi cpe^H npoqnx SKcnoHstob TaHTpHHCKHH KOCTfOM. (ÍOTorpaiJ) nonpocRn KOrO-HHÖyflb H3 paÖOTHHKOB My3eH HafleTb KOCTEOM jiyifl (|)OTOCHHMKa. OflHa- Ko Bee 0TKa3biBa^HCb: oflHH H3 crpaxa., flpyrne H3 yBaífíeHHH k TaHTpHHCKHM JiaMaM npomnoro. HafleTb KOCTtoM corjiacunca To^bKO E./I,. flaHflapoHj KOTopBiň 6hm npHraameH b KaqecTBe iíOHcyjibTaHTa. -nTaK 6bin cceflaH BejiH^ecTBeHHtiH nopTpeT ^aHflapoHa c TaHTpHHCKoň KopoHOH KajiaqaKpbi. Bpomiopa 6 biji a ony&íHKOBaHa., hjihuo dxapMopadxcu /íaHflapoHa CTajio H3BecTH0 bo BceM öyflflHHCKOM MHpen- (/ZandapoH, 2006:385) 162 ,XI 10 e □ in "Eejika KOMMEHTAPHH K PHCľHKAM MAHflAJIbl flAHflAPOHA PMC. 21 Bhäbh /JaHflapoH. OoTorpa^HH Bjia/m-MHpa MoHTJieBiwa. 1971 rofl. KujKHHraj OlIPKH H 3 C C E TASTARIA M A G H A l'20I2 K O M M E H TAP H H K PHCYHKAM MAHflAJIbl flAHflAPOHA phc. 23 BajitHíHMa AÖHflyesa BMecTe c chhom. QoTorpa-(Jina BjiaflHMHpa MoHTJieBHHa, 1971 rofl. KnacuHra, BypHTHÍI BjiaflHMHp MoHTJieBHH cflejiaji aloi chhmok bo BpeMH CBoen noe3flKH b KiDKHHry, r^e aouia 3Ta 3aMe*iaTejibHafl meHiiniHa h BejíHKafl norami. Eajib)KHMa AÖHflyeBa ynuia H3 >kh3hh b B03pacTe 104 JieT 3 fleKaÔpíi 1973 rofla. Ee clih nepeacim ee MeHee qeM Ha tor (MourruieeuH, 2006, p. 424). Ab-Top MaHflajibi A. H. >Kejie3HOB, KOHeHHO >Ke, 3Haji ee JiiwHO, h HeöesbiHTepecHO, hto, ecjín He 6paxb b yqeT flaKHHb (KOTopbie hb^hiotcíi CBepxtecTe- CTBeHHblMH CymeCTBaMH), OHa eflHHCTEeHHblH npeflCTaBHTejib HíeHCKoro nojia Ha Bceň komiio3h-hhh (cm. puc. 22) 164 JlKiEom Ee j ká KOMMEHTAPHH K PHCľHKAM M A H A JI bi flAHflAPOHA phc. 24 /Jopacu Ba/tMaeB (okojio 1840-1920) (cnpaBa), npii-eMHBiii cnen BiiflBH flaHflapo-Ha. ^ajiaři-JiaMa XIII (cneBa). PiicyHOK lopatu BaflMaeBa ocHOBHBaeTca Ha ^OTorpa^HH 1919 rofla (cM.puc. 16) phc.25 flajiaň-jiaMa XIII. QoTorpa^Hfl n. K. Ko3Jiosa Ha 3 TD m pHcyHKe, íiBJíínoineMCíi nacTbio MaHflajibi (cm. puc, 24), H306paíKeH CHflflDTHH reJiyKIIHHCKHH MOHax (xoponia BHflHa ero acejiTaíi manica) c KOJioKOJib^iH- KOM H Ba/ľíKpOH B pyKaX. ECTb OflHa npHMCTaTeJIbHaH fleTajib—nepHbie yei.i. KOTopLie BecbMa peflKO uocrt THÖeTCKHe MOHaXH. B HCTOpiIH THOeTCKOľO 6yflflH3Ma ecTL oflHO BaaeHoe jihiio, H3BecTHoe TaKtiMH me yca-MH,—/lajiaö-JiaMa XIII TyôfleH rbíiiio (1876-1933). Oh 6liji xopoino H3BecTeH h noHHTaeM b Pocchh h CoBeT-CKOM CoK)3e, ÖJiaroflapa cbíbam co cbohm 6ypíiTCKHM yqHTeaeM ArBaHOM .ZJopaaieBbiM h 3HaMeHHTbiM rryxe-rnecTBeHHHKOM IleTpoM Ko3jiobhm. Ko3jiob h cflejiaji dpoTorpadpHio /],ajiaH-JiaMbi bo BpeMH BCTpenn c hhm (cm. puc. 25). Bonpoc o tom, H3o6pa>KeH jih Ha MaHflajie ^ajiaö-JiaMa XIII, ocTaeTCfi otkphthm OlEPKH H 3 G c E TaRTARIA MAGNA I ' 2 O I 2 TOS KOMMEHTAPHH K PHCľHKAM MAHflA^bl /JAHflAPOHA pmc.26 BHÄtH^aHflapOH. PHCyHOK OCHOBSH Ha (i>OTorpa(i)HH KOHqa 60-x h Haqajia 70-x rr. ("cm, puc. 27). /JaHflapoH 3ane-qaTJieH 3/j;ecfc Kau TaHTpHÍÍCKHÍl yqHTejit B OTJIHIHe ot (|)OTOrpaiJ)hh h pHcyH -KOB (cm., puc. tj, iS), FRe flaHflapoH H3o6pajK6H b My3eej to ecTb He b o6&iihoh RJiR Hero cpefle., apyrae ero $OTorpacpHH (cm. puc, 27J h hz hh-TepnpeTau.HH Ha pHcyHKax MaHfla^ti (cm. puc. 26, 28) 6o;iee ecTecTEeHHti h peajiHCTH^Hbi. flaHflapoH 6eiji chat CBOHMH yqeHHKaMH KSK TSHTpHH- CKHH yqHTejib b ORew..p,e3 KOTopyto oh HafleBaji jiRR pprrya^oB (oflHatíOj CKopee BcerOj 3to He KacaeTCH cpoTO- rpa(j)HH, Ha KOTOpOH OH 3aCHHT b jieonapflOBOH iiiKype, ch/j^luhm Ha nojiy HanpoTHB bhtphhbi (cm. puc. 27). HeKOToptie h3 3thx tpoTorpaOTorpa$HH 1891 rofla (cm, puc. 14 u. puc. 3 5) %0 KSCaeTCH MO,HepHH3aL[HH 6yflflH3- Ma b HormecKOH oöinHHe JlyöcaHa CaHflSHa UtmeHOBa, to HyjKHO CKa-33TLj tto TaM cymecTBOEajiH onpe-fle^eHHBie ycnoBHH, HeB03MosiHtie Ana TpaamiHOHHoro MOHacTBipa. no CJIOB3M A-H. )Kejie3HOBa, ikhtějih MecTHOCTH CoopxoH (nue pacnanara-jiacb pe3HfleHĽ[hh UkyreHOBa) hmějih no^nHCKH Ha HiypHajiki, b t. q. hho-CTpaHHtie. JlaMti H3yia^h HHOCTpaH-Htie H3BIKH h .nHTepaTypy. OBinHHa b CoopxoH BJiaaejia öoraTOH pyccKO- H3KPIHOH ÖHÖJIHOTeKOH C aKUeHTOM Ha SejiJieTpHCTHKy. OflHajKflki, Koryta öySAHCTti-MHpaHe noceTmiH CoopxoH, qToöti 3aKa3aTb npoBe/reHHe ppfryajiLHOH tnysiöEi, hx yn.HBH.no to, qTO CaHflaH JlaMa nvnax eBpo-neňcKyio k h Hry öyzryiH oactejm b eBponeňcKHH koctíom. HeKOToptie noBopíiTj it o Coopxoň 6m ocBemeH 3JI eKTpH^eCKHMH JiaMnO^KaMH, riH- TaroinHMHCH or SaTapeH, flocraBJieH-H0HH3 BapmaBEJ (CmpejiKOö, 2003:8) PMC.29 nopTpeT Bhälh /laHflapo-Hy. 'ťparMSHT hs BepxHeß qacTH T3HKH B aflJKpaöxafl-paBBi (cm. pne. 30) PHC.30 TaHKa BaflaipaöxaflpaBLi. H3 apxHBaO.. BojiKOBofl (1926-1982). ABTop A. 14. }Kejie3HOB, 1971-72 rr., okojio 43-85 cm, aKBapejit. Bo3mosího, yHiwTO-íKeHa. BnepBbie onyöJiHKOBaH b Belka2000:133, pnc. 6 h b Belka 2007:15, pnc. 5 OíEfsii h seci Taetaeia Magha i'joij KOMMEHTAPH H K PHCľHKAM M A H í A JI LI í AHflAPOHA PMC. 31 nopTpeT BHflbH /JaHflapoHa (cm. puc. 32) PHC. 32 PHC. 33 Eham /laHflapoH (cJieBa) h AjieKcaHflp HBa- AjieKcaHflp )Ke.Jie3H0B (cnpaBa). hobh4 )KejiesHOB í>oto B. MoHTJieBima 1971 r. (1940-1996) yjaaH-y/p. HcToqHHK: /JaHflapoHj 2006 i68 ,JT vr> i. 0 in Bhka EHEJIHOrPAHH EyflflH3M: KaHOHbij HCTopHMj HCKyccTBO. MocKBa: /IZK, 2006. 3 em jih Ba/rstpanaHH; Ey/iAH3M b 3a0aiÍKajrbe. MocKBa: /JHK, 2008. /Iah/iapoh E./I.. MsOpaHHtie craTBH. ^epHaa TSTpaffb. MaTepnajiLi k duorpa^HH. «HcTopH3 KyKyHopa» CyMnbi KeHno. CaHKT-neTepoypr, 2006. Cemeka E. J\eno/(aHflapoHa. Firenze, 1974. Ctpejikob A.M. Bh/i;eh/(aH^apoH: XH3HeHHbifi nyrb h íyxoBHtiíí noflBHr //TaiiHbi EypiTTHH. CneiiBbinycK, 2003. C. 6. L[bipemnh/i 0b H.B. 3a CBflTyio/IxapMyH Bejioro LfapM. PoccniícKafl HMnepiia raaaaMB SypHTCKHX SyanHCTOB XVlII-Haqana XX běkob. // Ab Imperio, 2, 2009. 14bipemnh/i0b H.B. JlyScaH CawwaH LJbifleHOBa HfleM 6ynHHíícKOÍÍ TeoKpaTHH b 3a6aiÍKajibe // Boctok (Oriens), Na 6, HoHCpb-ZIeKaepb, 2007. C. 64-75. L[ bi p e M n h/i o b H.B. • rJy>ř.'H«ř • VUMKi. POCCHilCKaH nojiHTHKa b OTHonieHHH 3arpaHHqHoro SyMHÍÍCKoro /ryso bshctb3 b XVlII-Haqane XX b. // BecTHHK Cnery, Cep. 13, Bbin. 4, 2010. C. 9-18. Andreyev, A. Dreams of a Pan-Mongolian state: SandanTsydenov, Baron Ungern, Agvan Dorjiev, Nicolas Roerich, 2009, downloaded from: http:// www.bu.dcoriXorrt/mdex.php?optiori=com_corit(>rit &view-artide&id-169<emid-117&lang-sn. Bat gheloRj S. The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture, London: Aquarian 1994. Bělka, L. Burjatskýbuddhismus: Tradice a současnost / Buryat Buddhism: Tradition and Presence. In: Berounský Dan-Bělka Luboš-Štreit Jindřich, Na konci světa / At the End of the World, Volary: Stehlík 2000, s. 113-136. Bělka, L. Tibetskýbuddhismusv Burjatsku, Brno: Masarykova universita 2001, 350 p. (Tibetan Buddhism in Buryatia, in Czech). (Bělka 2001a) Bělka, L. Bidija Dandaroniě Dandaron a burjatský buddhismus ve 20. Století. In: Pecha Lukáš (ed.), Orientalia Antiqua Nova 7, Plzeň: Dryada 2007, s. 9-19. BS lká, L. Bidiya D. Dandaron: the case of a Buryat Buddhist and Buddhologist during the Soviet period. In: Doležalová, Iva (ed.)-Martin, Luther H. (ed.)-Papoušek, Dalibor (ed.). The academie study of religion during the Cold War: east and west. 1st ed. NewYork et al.; Bern et al.: Peter Lang, 2001. s. 171-182. (Bělka 2001b) Brauen, M. Mandala: Sacred Circle in Tibetan Buddhism. New York: Rubin Museum of Art 2009. Morgan, D. The Sacred Gaze; Religious Visual Culture in Theory and Practice, Berkeley- LosAngeles- London: University of California Press 2005. P i at i g o rsk y, A.M. The departure of Dandaron. In: Kontinent-2. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977. P. 169-180. Tsyrempilov, N. Samdan Tsydenov and his Buddhist Theocratic Project in Siberia. In: Biographies of Eminent Mongol Buddhists. Ed. By j. Elverskog. International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, 2008. P. 117-137. Zhukovskai a, N. The Revival of Buddhism in Buryatia: Problems and Prospects. In: Balzer Marjorie Mandelstam (Ed.), Religion and Politics in Russia: A Reader, New York: M. E. Sharpe 2010. Zikmundova, V., Berounsky, D. Bidija Dandaron. In: R. Revue 28 (1995). P. 321-325. taelt ari a m a g-n a i '2 oi2 Tartarja Magna STUDIA TUR.K.ICA MONGOLICA TlBETICA MANCHURIA SIBIR.ICA RUSSICA ET CETERA I /2012 Spiritual Brethren, Sacral Foes SOCIAL COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE THE WORLD OF 'SELF' AND 'OTHERS': CONFLICT, INTERACTION AND SYMBIOSIS Tahtarja Magna Studia Turcica Mongolica Tibetica Manchumca Sibieuca Russica et cetera I /2012 /J.yXOBHblE EPATbJI, CB^mEHHblE BPArii COLJH A/IbHAfl KOMMYHMKAUHfl CKB03b nPH3My PE^MrH03HOrO OnblTA MHP «CBOHX» H «qy>KHXí>: KOH4JIHKT, B3AHMOflEHCTBHE, CHMEH03 BEK 63.3(0) V .a K 94 (i-Il) riojiHan aneKTpoHHaíi BepcHíi >KypHajia flocrynHa Ha cairre www.Tartaria-Magna.ru issn 2224-9559 © KOJIJieKTHB aBTOpOBj 2012 ©HM BT CO PAHj 2012 © EyPflAfl-MOHrO/I HOM, 2012 H7uiK>cmpau.uK na oČJiODXKe: Mandajia JIp.nda.poKa. JlKiGesho npedocmasRena ®omozpa(fiua na oßopome o6wjxku: Xajvi6o-m.Ma ßauiu-ßopjico Hmv.z3.noe. 1914 z. HcmowuK: fpomoapxue UBPK HMETCOPAH ťomozpacôua na cmp. 2; Ku.pzu3CK.uu xenux Oicenux [mypoK]), Py3u 6aú. 1865 z. <í>omo U3 «TypKßcmancKDZo ojibfioMa». McmoMHUK: http://www.wd I org omozpacôua. na cmp. 8: fiee cejueuHwe napu dyxo6opoef OKDJio 1900 z HanoMHUK Apxue npoeunv,uu EpumancKaa KojiyMßus., Kanada, C-06520. Jlwfiesno npedocmasmna HuKD.xa.coM Epau0ozR&M 'íomozpacôua na cmp. 15 u mpembeú cmopone o6wmku: Búdua ffandapon. JIk> 6s3ho npebocmaemna JIkiQouíěm B&RKOÜ omozpa0usi na sadneú cmopone oéjioxku: Mandajia fia.nda.pona. .Jlioßesno npebocmasmna J1k>6ouism BejiKoú Koh 14enT Tartaria Magna^ HHKorfla He hmcbiuhh skbh-BajieHTOB b bocto^hoh reorpaipHHj Hcno.nb30Ba;icfl b eBponefl-ckoh HayKe c anoxH PeHeccaHca pjin o6o3HaqeHHH oGiiiHpHbix., MajioHace^eHHtiXj MajioH3yqeHHbix h noTOMy Ka3aBiiiHxca Bpa>K- fleSHtlMH TeppHTOpHHj rpaHHIIBI KOTOptlX 6I1J1H BecbMa yCJIOB- HtiMH. Ha KapTe OprejiHfl BTopoft nojioBHHti xvi BeKa BejiHKaa TapTapHfl npocTHpaeTCfl ot hh30bhh Bonra h ripHKacnHH ,n;o OKeaHa, nca^Hee nojiy^HBinero HM3 Thxoto., orpaHHiHBaflCb c ceBepa Oceanus Scythiats vuinMare Glacials, a c tora ropaMH KaB-K33CKHMH h KHTaeM. B aajibHeHineM 3th rpaHHLtbi pacmHpmiHCb h nojiyqHJiH HeKcropyEO aeTaji^auHiOj bkjho^hb b ce6a Mockob-CKoe qapcTBO, CpeflHroio A3he0j ThSbt h Mohtcuihio. no3,HHee He3yHTbi noc^HTajiH npaBHJibHbiM npncoBOKynHTb k TapTapHH h 3cm^h MaHbqsjypoB. B raa3ax eBponeftcKHX xpoHHCTOB h Kap-Torpa^oB Tartaria Magna HHKoraa He Sbuia eflHHbiM nejiuw, XOTfl B pa3HOe BpeMH C Heft CBH3bIBaJIHCb H HMnepHfl MOHrCUIOB, h 3anoTafl Opaa^ h UHHCKaa HMnepHH h ofiuiHpHoe qapcTBO Po-maHOBtix. H Bee Hie' Grand Tartarie Bcerfla ocTasajacb noHHTHeM coSHpaTe^bHbiM. Mbi TaioKe He ckjiohhei bhactb b Bc^hkoh TapTapHH qeTKO oqepqeHHbiH reorpai|)HiecKHH perHOH hjih, bchch 33 HOBfclMH XpOHOJIOraMHj KOHKpeTHOe HCTOpHKO-nOJIHTHqeCKOe qejioe. 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XAM*ph KeM.6pudMCKUu ynueepcumem Editors nikolay tsyrempilov pavel varnavsky Editorial Board darima amogolonova vsevolod bashkuev anatoly breslavsky bair nanzatov Editorial Council boris bazarov corresponding member of ras, Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of Siberian Branch of ras vladimir bobrovnikov Institute of Oriental studies of ras caroline humphrey Cambridge University lilia kalmina Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of Siberian Branch of ras karenina kollmar-paulenz Bern University alexandre morrison Liverpool University irina oktyabrskaya Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of Siberian Branch of ras tatyana skrynnikova Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of ra s Tahtarja Magna STUDIA TUR.K.ICA MONGOLICA TlBETICA MANCHURICA SlBIEUCA RUSSICA ET CETERA I /2012 tema BbinycKA: /],yXOBHbIE EPATbfl, CBflPIIEHHME BP AT H . 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