Korean Language Class Week 3 Jiyun Baek
The Ending: Past Tense Marker
• Final Endings include various speech level
ex) 0-la/Ol-fl, [-eo yo/ a yo]
• Pre-final endings are inflectional elements
come between stem and the final ending
ex) -(^)A| honorific suffix [-(eu) si]: 1\ =.*|A|c:f- teach [ga-leu-chi-si-da]
-9il9l past tense marker [-eot / at]
The pre-final ending 9i/9)i
• The past tense marker
• Two different form depending on which vowel it is
1. stems end with a bright vowel —> & [at]
ex) 0[ [a] 12. [o] ?l [at]
2. stems end with all other vowels —> 5& [eot]
ex) o [e] / [eo] / 0| [I] etc 9i [eot]
It is based on the order of nature. The sun rises from the East, and going up.
Dark Bright
East
And when the sun sets, it is going to the west and down.
Dark
West
Bright
East
Dark Bright
\ -IN
e u t r a l
— I
The combination with pre-final ending and
• { d ^ ! y o | ^0-|# 7|-3 * | & 0 - | f l Teacher taught English
[Seon saeng ni mi yeong eo leul ga reu chi syeo sseo yo]
• 7|-^.x| stem of verb + A| honorific suffix + 5uJpast tense marker + O-lfi. speech level ending
[ga reu chi]. [si] [eot] [eo yo]
A| honorific suffix + $>J past tense marker = A5J
Verb stem Past Polite speech level ending
?r [ga] "go" & [at] CHS. [eoyo]= 1X0\2_ [ga sseo yo] "went" (from 7l-SKHS)
2. [o] "come" & [at] o\2. [eoyo]= StcHS [wa sseo yo] "came" (from 2&cHS)
M [bo] "see" & [at] CHS. [eo yo]= &cHS [bwa sseo yo] "saw" (from M&cHS)
if [bat] "receive" & [at] CHS. [eoyo]= ^SitO|fl [ba da sseo yo] "received"
^ [meug]"eat" & [eot] CHS [eoyo]= ^SicHS [meu geo sseo yo] "ate"
The combination with pre-final ending &/8t and -(^)A|
• 1\ [ga] stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker + 0-|££ [eo yo] speech level ending
~J\ [ga] stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker = &0-|.S£ [ga sseo yo]
• 2. [o] stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker + 0-\Q_ [eo yo] speech level ending
2. [o] stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker = fvt°-|fi. [wa sseo yo]
• M. stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker + 0-\£_ [eo yo] speech level ending
M [bo] stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker = S t O ^ [bwa sseo yo]
• i= [bat] stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker + 0-|.£ [eo yo] speech level ending
II" [bat] stem of verb + St [at] past tense marker = ||"StO"lfi. [ba da sseo yo]
• °1 [9a
l s t e m
of verb + 9Í [eot] past tense marker + 0-|fi. [eo yo] speech level ending
^1 [ga] stem of verb + [eot] past tense marker = ^S^O-ISi [meu geoseeo yo]
The combination with pre-final ending and -(.2.)A|
1. r H + & / t t ^ s a m e
ex) 7|- go + 9X. -> &t went
2. - J - / T + & / & ^
ex) UH^ learn + & -• HH*! learned ¥ give + Si -> S gave
3. — + ->( — omission ) 9H9i
ex) H turn off + AA —• A/<! turned off
4. I +5a-o|fc!/5H
ex) 0| be + Si 0|2i was, were
5. But still exception ex) t\ do + 21"
^0|feed + S ^ ^ f e d
? A did
Exercise 1. Fill out the blanks with proper answers in Korean
Verb stem Past Polite speech level ending 0-\Q_
a [keu]"big"
uH^ [bae u] "learn"
Exercise 2. Change the following sentence into past tense and translate the sentences into English.
1) ^| E|-O IS D
H £h "wear a tie" [neg ta I leul mae da] ^
2) o|-*i 8A
|cH| *H7f- —D
K "The sun rises at 8 in the morning" [a chim 8 si e hae ga tteu da]-»
Exercise 1. Fill out the blanks with proper answers in Korean
-Verb stem
3. [keu]"big"
uH° [bae u] "learn"
Past ol/ojr
OH
AA
OH
AA
Polite speech level ending
HH¥+a!+o-|£=HH*!o-|£
Exercise 2. Change the following sentence into past tense and translate the sentences into English.
1) y|E}o|« D
H "wear a tie" meg ta I leul mae da] nH + 9j + E r = °Hc|- : ^B|-0|-R °HCr I wore a tie
2) 0|-*j 8A
N I SH7r —D
h "The sun rises at 8 in the morning" [a chim 8 si e hae ga tteu da]-»
E£ + oh + c[ = ffij^r: ol-S 8A|c»| tp[ Kef- The sun rose at 8 in the morning
Two kinds of Korean past tense represents
• Something did happen in the past / the condition of an action or event
completed
• SJCHI &0-\Sl [ji ba wa sseo yo]
came home + I am home now
(as a result of the complete action of coming home)
• ti[7i\m £J&!0-|£ [ba ji leul i beo sseo yo]
wore a pants + I am wearing a pants now
(as a result of the complete action of wearing pants)
Exercise 3. Look at the following sentence and write two corresponding interpretations in English
(1) ^ ^Iw a ^ c H S . . [keo pi leul ma syeo sseo yo]
/
(2) ĚF^oi T S ^r*l[# ScH ° . [han gug eo su eob sug je leul hae sseo yo]
/
Exercise 3. Look at the following sentence and write two corresponding interpretations in English
(1) ^ ^ I w D
^ c H ^ . [keo pi leul ma syeo sseo yo]
-> I drank a coffee/ I am drinking coffee (the action of drinking coffee is completed)
(2) lir^-cH ^ ^ ^f*illt ScH ° . [han gug eo su eob sug je leul hae sseo yo]
^ /
I did a homework for the Korean lessons
I am doing Korean class assignment.
(the action of doing homework is completed)
Vocabulary
• ^ A H y [seon-saeng-nim] teacher
• o[Q [a-chim] breakfast
• *HAI [jeom-sim] lunch
• * H [jeo-nyeog] dinner, evening
[hae] the sun
£J [jib] house, home
[ba-ji] pants
?-|n| [keo-pi] coffee
• 77
o-|X-|| [eo-je] yesterday
c3§F [yeong-hwa] movie
eIT1
[chin-gu] friend
[gang-do] robber / robbery
A|SJ [si-min] citizen
£JS [in-jil] hostage
[do-dug-jil] theft/rob
SBl^l-cl- [yo-li-ha-da] cook
Vocabulary
• ^rtj [su-eob] class course lesson
• ^r*ll [sug-je] homework,
assignment
• U" [bab] rice, meal, food
• [yeong-eo] English
• l = 5 l
lE
l-0| [neg-ta-i] necktie
Conversation 3
• * S : M o ^ | «(H?
[neo eo-je mwo haess-eo?]
Hayun : What did you do yesterday?
• ^ : 3(HIAH * H * U SSF tt(H
[chin-gu-lang jib-e-seo jeo-nyeog meog-go yeong-hwa bwass-eo]
Minjun : I had dinner at home with a friend and watched a movie.
[jin-jja? eo-tteon yeong-hwa bwass-eo?]
Hayun : Really? Which movie did you watch.
Conversation 3
•fiSSJol [gang-do-ga si-min-deul-eul in-jil-lo jab-go do-dug-jil-ha-neun aegMinjun
: I watched an action movie that robbers took citizens as hostages and
steal money, but it wasn't as good as I thought.
Situation + + sentences
this sentences uses to explain, ask, request, suggest for this situation
ex) HH j i f f dl £hHH JIEJ-? I am hungry, but aren't you hungry ?
ex) SJOl cH&jff d| *H S *IS^H? The room is so messy so would you like to
clean?
Conversation 3
[geu-leoh-gu-na. bab-eun mas-iss-eoss-eo?]
Hayun : I see. How was the meal?
[jeong-mal mas-iss-eoss-eo. da-eum-e nae-ga yo-li-hae jul-ge !]
Minjun : It was really delicious. I will cook it next time.