INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH LINGUISTICS LGV38 Español? Castellano? Spanish? Castilian? Español? Castellano? Spanish? Castilian? Castellano (Castilian) refers to the romanic dialect born in the Kingdom of Castile in the Middle Ages, or to the dialect of Spanish spoken in the contemporary region of Castile. In relation to the other languages of the Spanish State: Castilian The language: Espaňol AL MEOLLO > TO THE POINT INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS • LANGUAGE AS A MENTAL PHENOMENON. • How does language work? • We understand biological communication as “action by one organism (or cell) in a way that alters the behavioral probability pattern of another”. THE MORE COMPLEX THE ORGANISM, THE MORE COMPLEX THE COMMUNICATION • Human language > own particularities > unique in comparison with other species. • An example of this can be found in the metalinguistic function of language, that is, the use of linguistic terms that allow us to re fl ect on how we communicate and systematize the use of language. INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS • Luis sees the object he wants to refer to, a house, and his brain processes the mental image of this object, searches for the lexical item that corresponds to this concept and reproduces it orally. • Ramón, as the receiver of the message, perceives the sounds emitted by Luis, establishes the connection between the sounds he has just heard and the lexical unit, and processes the mental representation of a house. Ramón has decoded the word that Luis has uttered and the transmission of the message has been successfully carried out. • INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS • Luis sees the object he wants to refer to, a house, and his brain processes the mental image of this object, searches for the lexical item that corresponds to this concept and reproduces it orally. • Ramón, as the receiver of the message, perceives the sounds emitted by Luis, establishes the connection between the sounds he has just heard and the lexical unit, and processes the mental representation of a house. Ramón has decoded the word that Luis has uttered and the transmission of the message has been successfully carried out. • LINGUISTIC SIGN! Name + Thing? Concept + Sound INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS • LANGUAGE AND LINGUA • Language and lingua > intrinsic part of communication system, • From an abstract point of view > language > allows human to communicate with each other • Concrete point of view > lingua > speci fi c way in which a community of speakers or an individual expresses himself or herself. INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS • LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • GENERAL: All languages can be translated into each other. LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • GENERAL: All languages can be translated into each other. • GRAMMATICAL: All languages have morphological and phonological systems. LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • GENERAL: All languages can be translated into each other. • GRAMMATICAL: All languages have morphological and phonological systems. • SYNTACTIC: All languages establish direct or indirect syntactic relations between the participants in the communication. LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • GENERAL: All languages can be translated into each other. • GRAMMATICAL: All languages have morphological and phonological systems. • SYNTACTIC: All languages establish direct or indirect syntactic relations between the participants in the communication. • PHONOLOGICAL: All languages are composed of vowels and consonants that combine to give rise to meanings. LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • GENERAL: All languages can be translated into each other. • GRAMMATICAL: All languages have morphological and phonological systems. • SYNTACTIC: All languages establish direct or indirect syntactic relations between the participants in the communication. • PHONOLOGICAL: All languages are composed of vowels and consonants that combine to give rise to meanings. • MORPHOLOGICAL: All languages can create new words. LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • GENERAL: All languages can be translated into each other. • GRAMMATICAL: All languages have morphological and phonological systems. • SYNTACTIC: All languages establish direct or indirect syntactic relations between the participants in the communication. • PHONOLOGICAL: All languages are composed of vowels and consonants that combine to give rise to meanings. • MORPHOLOGICAL: All languages can create new words. • SEMANTIC: All languages are capable of expressing the notions of action, process or state. LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES • GENERAL: All languages can be translated into each other. • GRAMMATICAL: All languages have morphological and phonological systems. • SYNTACTIC: All languages establish direct or indirect syntactic relations between the participants in the communication. • PHONOLOGICAL: All languages are composed of vowels and consonants that combine to give rise to meanings. • MORPHOLOGICAL: All languages can create new words. • SEMANTIC: All languages are capable of expressing the notions of action, process or state. • LINGUISTIC CHANGE: All living languages of which we fi nd speakers today are not static, but have evolved and will continue to evolve over time. ENOUGH THEORY What are we actually going to be talking about? MAIN POINTS OF THE COURSE • PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY OF SPANISH • MOPRHOLOGY OF SPANISH • SPANISH SYNTAX • SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS • LANGUAGE HISTORY: EVOLUTION OF SPANISH • VARIETIES OF SPANISH: LINGUISTIC AND DIALECTAL VARIETY IN THE SPANISH-SPEAKING WORLD • ACQUISITION PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY • PHONETICS: STUDY OF PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS • PHONOLOGY: STUDY OF MORE COMPLEX AND ABSTRACT SOUND PATTERNS PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY • PHONETICS: STUDY OF PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS • PHONOLOGY: STUDY OF MORE COMPLEX AND ABSTRACT SOUND PATTERNS. Phonology studies sounds of language. Phonemes. • HOW ARE THESE SOUNDS ACTUALLY ORGANIZED? HOW CAN WE STORE THE INFORMATION NEEDED FOR SAYING THE WORDS CORRECTLY? PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY • Vowels /a/, /e/, /I/, /o/, /u/ • Consonants (bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, alveopalatal, palatal, velar) • Articulation mode (plosives, a ff ricates, nasals…) • Sonority (voiced, voiceless) • Prosodics • TRANSCRIPTIONSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS MORPHOLOGY • HOW TO MAKE WORDS. • HOW ARE WORDS MADE. MORPHOLOGY • HOW TO MAKE WORDS. • HOW ARE WORDS MADE. • AKA MORPHEMES, LEXEMES • SIMPLE AND COMPLEX WORDS. • SUFFIXES • ACRONYMS • BORROWINGS • GENDER!!!! A VERY HOT TOPIC IN SPANISH MORPHOLOGY SYNTAX • WHATS THE STRUCTURE OF SPANISH • SYNTAGMAS. NOUNS. ADJECTIVES. VERBS. • SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS (SUBJETCT, DIRECT OBJECT, INDIRECT…) • WORD ORDER (DOES IT MATTER IN SPANISH?) SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS • MEANINGS • METAPHORES • COURTESY • HUMOR • SARCASM HISTORY OF SPANISH LANGUAGE: EVOLUTION • LATIN TO SPANISH • ARABIC INFLUENCE • GOTHIC INFLUENCE • JUDEOESPAŇOL LINGUISTIC AND DIALECTAL VARIATION • LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN SPAIN • CASTILIAN • ANDALUSIAN • CANARY • LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN LATINAMERICA AND AFRICA • CARIBBEAN • CENTRAL-AMERICAN • ANDINO • AUSTRAL • CHILEAN • UNITED STATES • GUINEAN Videos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYpDwhpILkQ VOCAL CHORDS • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZE4LrT-JD8 WORDS IN SPAIN, COLOMBIA, MEXICO AND ARGENTINA