2. lekce (Bartoňkova skripta)

1.      Vyskloňujte:

   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |        |nom.    |   dominus    |     vir      |    clarus    |    noster    |    miser     |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |gen.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |dat.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |sg.     |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |ak.     |              |              |              |              |              |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |vok.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |abl.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |--------+--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |nom.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |gen.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |dat.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |pl.     |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |ak.     |              |              |              |              |              |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |vok.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   |        |--------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|
   |        |abl.    |              |              |              |              |              |
   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

   

2.      Doplňte k substantivu v nom. sg. správný tvar adjektiva:

   +------------------------------------------------------------+
   |        |clarus, a, um|pulcher, chra, chrum|miser, era, erum|
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |filia   |             |                    |                |
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |vir     |             |                    |                |
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |amicus  |             |                    |                |
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |Aegyptus|             |                    |                |
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |bellum  |             |                    |                |
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |poëta   |             |                    |                |
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |puella  |             |                    |                |
   |--------+-------------+--------------------+----------------|
   |oppidum |             |                    |                |
   +------------------------------------------------------------+

3.      Vyskloňujte v singuláru i plurálu následující spojení:

  slavný muž

   +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                  singulár                  |                  plurál                  |
   |--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------|
   |nom.   |                                    |nom.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |gen.   |                                    |gen.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |dat.   |                                    |dat.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |ak.    |                                    |ak.    |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |vok.   |                                    |vok.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |abl.   |                                    |abl.   |                                  |
   +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  přísný obyvatel

   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                   singulár                   |                   plurál                    |
   |----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------|
   |nom.   |                                      |nom.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |gen.   |                                      |gen.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |dat.   |                                      |dat.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |ak.    |                                      |ak.    |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |vok.   |                                      |vok.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |abl.   |                                      |abl.   |                                     |
   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  vysoký topol

   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                   singulár                   |                   plurál                    |
   |----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------|
   |nom.   |                                      |nom.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |gen.   |                                      |gen.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |dat.   |                                      |dat.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |ak.    |                                      |ak.    |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |vok.   |                                      |vok.   |                                     |
   |-------+--------------------------------------+-------+-------------------------------------|
   |abl.   |                                      |abl.   |                                     |
   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  ubohé město

   +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                  singulár                  |                  plurál                  |
   |--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------|
   |nom.   |                                    |nom.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |gen.   |                                    |gen.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |dat.   |                                    |dat.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |ak.    |                                    |ak.    |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |vok.   |                                    |vok.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |abl.   |                                    |abl.   |                                  |
   +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  širé pole

   +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                  singulár                  |                  plurál                  |
   |--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------|
   |nom.   |                                    |nom.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |gen.   |                                    |gen.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |dat.   |                                    |dat.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |ak.    |                                    |ak.    |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |vok.   |                                    |vok.   |                                  |
   |-------+------------------------------------+-------+----------------------------------|
   |abl.   |                                    |abl.   |                                  |
   +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

4.      Doplňte k těmto substantivům adjektivum bonus ve správném pádě, rodě a čísle (kde je více
možností, uveďte všechny):

   feminam         ____________________________________

   nautae            ____________________________________

   verbo             ____________________________________

   puer               ____________________________________

   libris               ____________________________________

   magistrum       ____________________________________

   puellarum       ____________________________________

   exempla         ____________________________________

   deos               ____________________________________

   pōpulorum      ____________________________________

5.      Doplňte k těmto substantivům adjektivum miser ve správném pádě, rodě a čísle (kde je více
možností, uveďte všechny):

   amice             ____________________________________

   magistri          ____________________________________

   poetas            ____________________________________

   dicipulorum    ____________________________________

   dominis          ____________________________________

   oppidum         ____________________________________

   vitam              ____________________________________

   puellarum       ____________________________________

6.      Vytvořte k aktivním tvarům pasivní:

   +--------------------------------------+
   |educat    |                           |
   |----------+---------------------------|
   |educabat  |                           |
   |----------+---------------------------|
   |educabunt |                           |
   |----------+---------------------------|
   |educaret  |                           |
   |----------+---------------------------|
   |educabant |                           |
   |----------+---------------------------|
   |educabit  |                           |
   |----------+---------------------------|
   |educarent |                           |
   |----------+---------------------------|
   |educant   |                           |
   +--------------------------------------+

7.      Určete slovesné tvary. Neznáte-li sloveso, najděte je ve slovníku:

   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |               |osoba    |číslo    |způsob    |čas     |rod     |překlad                    |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |laudat         |3.       |sg.      |ind.      |préz.   |akt.    |on chválí                  |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |castigamus     |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |putabant       |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |portari        |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |adiuvabitis    |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |erant          |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |clamabo        |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |properabam     |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |ambulant       |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |ornabitur      |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |amabantur      |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |educares       |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |narra          |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |amari          |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |portaremus     |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |lavare         |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |vocantur       |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |properate      |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |essent         |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |castigat       |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |laborabis      |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |lavantur       |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   |---------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------------------------|
   |salutaret      |         |         |          |        |        |                           |
   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

8.      K předložce doplňte správný pád substantiva a adjektiva. Je-li více možností, uveďte obě.

   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |  předložka  | substantivum s adjektivem  |          překlad          |
   |-------------+----------------------------+---------------------------|
   |             |magister bonus              |                           |
   |             |                            |                           |
   |ad           |                            |                           |
   |-------------+----------------------------+---------------------------|
   |             |puer miser                  |                           |
   |             |                            |                           |
   |de           |                            |                           |
   |-------------+----------------------------+---------------------------|
   |             |liberi nostri               |                           |
   |             |                            |                           |
   |cum          |                            |                           |
   |-------------+----------------------------+---------------------------|
   |             |auxilium nostrum            |                           |
   |             |                            |                           |
   |sine         |                            |                           |
   |-------------+----------------------------+---------------------------|
   |             |silva magna                 |                           |
   |             |                            |                           |
   |in           |                            |                           |
   |-------------+----------------------------+---------------------------|
   |             |vir severus                 |                           |
   |             |                            |                           |
   |a, ab        |                            |                           |
   |-------------+----------------------------+---------------------------|
   |             |oppidum magnum              |                           |
   |             |                            |                           |
   |e, ex        |                            |                           |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+

9.      Převeďte do pasiva, je-li to možné:

   Magistra puellas bonas laudat.                                                                 
   Incolae oppidum statuis ornabant.                                                              
   Victoria magna saepe misera est.                                                               
   Pueri boni viros aegrotos adiuvabunt.                                                          
   Puer puellam pulchram amat.                                                                    
   Discipuli in silvam nigram properabant.                                                        

10.  Převeďte do aktiva:

   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |Servi a domino severo et duro saepe castigantur. |                                       |
   |-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------|
   |Multae fabulae a feminis narrabantur.            |                                       |
   |-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------|
   |Vir malus ab incolis nostris non adiuvabitur.    |                                       |
   |-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------|
   |In bello pueri parvi a magistris non educantur.  |                                       |
   |-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------|
   |Discipuli exemplis magistrorum educantur.        |                                       |
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

11.   Doplňte adverbia a adjektiva:

   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |bonus, a, um                       |                                  |
   |-----------------------------------+----------------------------------|
   |                                   |iuste                             |
   |-----------------------------------+----------------------------------|
   |beatus, a, um                      |                                  |
   |-----------------------------------+----------------------------------|
   |probus, a, um                      |                                  |
   |-----------------------------------+----------------------------------|
   |                                   |clare                             |
   |-----------------------------------+----------------------------------|
   |pulcher, chra, chrum               |                                  |
   |-----------------------------------+----------------------------------|
   |                                   |male                              |
   |-----------------------------------+----------------------------------|
   |liber, era, erum                   |                                  |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+

   

12.  Napište, kde se můžete setkat s uvedenými koncovkami (u jmen 1. a 2 deklinace i u sloves 1.
konjugace). Uveďte příklady:

   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |-ae      |                                                                                  |
   |---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |-īs|                                                                                  |
   |---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |-a       |                                                                                  |
   |---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |-ā |                                                                                  |
   |---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |-ī |                                                                                  |
   |---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |-e       |                                                                                  |
   |---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |-ō |                                                                                  |
   |---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |-ās|                                                                                  |
   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

13.   Proveďte rozbor a přeložte:

   Feminae probae magna cum diligentia laborabant.

   Statuae deae coronis ornabantur.

   Amicus bonus amicum in periculo semper adiuvat.

   Si agricolae aegroti erunt, in agro non laborabunt.

14.  Překládejte a pozorujte rozdíly:

   Bona laudantur, mala castigantur.   Bona verba laudantur, mala (verba) castigantur. 
                                                                                       
   Boni laudantur, mali castigantur.   Boni viri laudantur, mali (viri) castigantur.   
                                                                                       
   Nostros et nostra servamus[1].      Liberos nostros et oppida nostra servamus.      
                                                                                       

   

15.  Přeložte do latiny:

   Otrok nosil pánovi mnoho dopisů.                                                               
                                                                                                  
   Požáry zpustoší (vastō, āre) mnoho měst.                                           
                                                                                                  
   Mnoho básníků opěvovalo (cantare s ak.) bohatství krásného Egypta.                             
                                                                                                  
   Pracoval jsem na poli s mnoha chlapci a dívkami.                                               
                                                                                                  
   V lese je mnoho topolů.                                                                        
                                                                                                  
   Nosíme dětem mnoho knih.                                                                       
                                                                                                  
   Život je příčinou mnoha starostí.                                                              
                                                                                                  

16.  Šťouravé otázky

   Jaký je rozdíl mezi větami liberos amo a libros amo?

   Jak bude vypadat akuzativ singuláru od vita feminarum a jak od vita nostra?

   Lze převést do aktiva větu in silva bene ambulatur?

   Jaký je rozdíl mezi multi populi a multae populi?

   -------------------------------

   [1] servō, āre „zachovávat, zachraňovat“