► ÄK-ÄSží fcl\t?D Greetings Hi±l i r^á-f. d/vtá%fä0 J n^t&*^2zJ h o tfľ. •? r^vt m.\tTDM (v* o X h -g L f» i v 'tztz^iDt (jífrx. 1 Žt3*v) Ž J: f SEI». i o in: ť c ŕ í e «3: ^> L < o Ohayoo. Ohayoo gozaimasu. Konnichiwa. Konbanwa. Sayoonara. Oyasuminasai. Arigatoo. Arigatoo gozaimasu. Sumimasen. lie. Ittekimasu. itterasshai. Tadaima. Okaerinasai. Itadakimasu. Gochisoosama. Hajimemashite. Doozo yoroshiku. Good morning. Good morning, (polite) Good afternoon. Good evening. Good-bye. Good night. Thank you. Thank you. (polite) Excuse me.; I'm sorry. Xo.; Not at all. I'll go and come back. Please go and come back. I'm home. Welcome home. Thank you for the meal. (before eating) Thank you for the meal. (after eating) How do you do? Nice to meet you. ►6B-&&&I ms—s Expression ÍSlácfc^/SD^i^^ Ohayoo is used between friends and family members, while ohayoo gozaimasii is used between less intimate acquaintances, similarly with arigatoo and arigatoo gozaimasii. The rule of thumb is: if you are on a first-name basis with someone, go for the shorter versions. If you would address someone as Mr. or Ms., use the longer versions. To give a concrete example, the social expectation is such that students are to use the longer variants when they speak with a professor. ťTt£OÍ£B^ There are several good-bye expressions in Japanese, the choice among which depends on the degree of separation. Sayoonara indicates that the speaker does not expect to see the person spoken to before she "turns a page in her life"; not until a new day arrives, or until fate brings the two together again, or until they meet again in the other world. U -f> £k ž tic Jaa- mata. (between friends, expecting to see each other again fairly soon) ĽOÍLV* L ž "f"o Shitsureeshimasu. (taking leave from a professor's office, for example) (leaving home) Ittekimasu. "3"č&<řtŽ"/u^ Sitmimaseii means (1) "Excuse me," to get another person's attention, (2) "I'm sorry," to apologize for the trouble you have caused, or (3) "Thank you," to show appreciation for what someone has done for you. IM^X.^ lie is primarily "No," a negative reply to a question. In the dialogue, it is used to express the English phrase "Don't mention it," or "You're welcome," with which you point out that one is not required to feel obliged for what you have done for them. L\?Zb^bVlVl^Z$žt/fct:l\ž/fcfrZDtetSl\> ItteAimasii and itterasshai is a common exchange used at home when a family member leaves. The person who leaves says ittekimasu. which literally means "I will go and come back." And the family members respond with itterasshai, which means "Please go and come back." Tadaima and okaeri are used when a person comes home. The person who arrives home says tadaima (I am home right now) to the family members, and they respond with okaerinasai (Welcome home). m\-tľD< 9 tlh\jQ>z> Practice Act out the following situations with your classmates. 1. YTou meet your host family for the first time. Greet them. 2. It is one o'clock in the afternoon. Y'ou see your neighbor Mr. Yramada. 3. You come to class in the morning. Greet your teacher. Greet your friends. 4. On a crowded train, you stepped on someone's foot. 5. Y'ou dropped your book. Someone picked it up for you. 6. It is eight o'clock at night. You happen to meet your teacher at the convenience store. 7. Y'ou are watching TY with your host family. It is time to go to sleep. 8. You are leaving home. 9. You have come back home. 10. Y"ou are going to start eating. 11. Y'ou have finished eating. © ► žlS-Xž fcĎL/L VbfcÄífe New Friends *lVb D a o g u e Mary, an international student who just arrived in Japan, talks to a Japanese student. o Mearii Sumimasen. Ima nanji desu ka. i fett t: Vypi Etax/tM"* Takeshi Juuniji han desu. Mearii 4 /čltL: v n v n £ Takeshi lie. © Takeshi Ano, ryuugakusee děsu ka. Mearii Ee. Arizona daigaku no gakusee děsu. 3 fztfl: ZiX~tt\ #A,&Xté &/.-C-f^0 Takeshi Soo děsu ka. Senmon wa nan děsu ka. Mearii Nihongo děsu. Ima ninensee děsu. © Mary: Excuse me. What time is it now? Takeshi: It's half past twelve. Mary: Thank you. Takeshi: You're welcome. Takeshi: Urn . . . are you an international student? Man-: Yes. I am a student at the Universit y of Arizona. Takeshi: I see. \Yhat is your major? Alary: Japanese. I am a sophomore now. ► AB- * v * á * iřJl * ä* < -tá-v\ C^ 4-1 Ľ& ima eego ee gakusee kookoo gogo gozen . . . sai . . . san ... ji •&/,-& V' sensee * %&é%&! senmon * £ i -üt soo děsu * tih***i daigaku t&h denwa v.tn% tomodachi &£& namae * &&/&K nan/nani * fciiA, Nihon * —ifeAHfr** . . . nensee ÜVN hai * U/v han tfAw? bangoo * ^i^'U^ ryuugakusee fcfcl watashi um . . . now English (language) student language ex. I-if Ay Z' (uihon- go) Japanese language high school P.M. . . . years old Mr./Ms____ o'clock ex. ^"&U (ichiji) one o'clock people ex. í - (ä /v LT /C (nihon- jin) Japanese people teacher; Professor . . . major That's right. college; university telephone friend name what Japan . . . year student ex. v n % fa A, -& vN (icliinensee) first-year student yes half ex. í-LT HAsinijihan) half past two number international student I Words that appear in the dialogue ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY C o u n t r i e s T / ') f] Amerika U.S.A. if1) ? Igirisu Britain t-x hv'ir ** *• -í* y n t. Oosutoraria Australia f* Ii T £ % V « Kankoku Korea X^ jt -T > Sueeden Sweden 4 n> ■? Zf ^ Chuugoku China M a j o r s é*#*< kagaku science TyTiU^i ajiakenkyuu Asian studies iínírn keezai economics 3 < $%%*»A,ifť kokusaikankee international relations rľ > ť a — 9 — konpyuutaa computer t'Ll^^X ; jinruigaku anthropology ♦v* U seeji politics tf v $ x bijinesu business jyuM bungaku literature ft£ L rekishi history 0 ccupations U'^ shigoto job; work; occupation v*L+ isha doctor &*v^ L 4" ^A kaishain office worker Z -? Z -9 -tí-V."» kookoosee high school student L $,£» shufu housewife fôl^;' < V^-tíľV» daigakuinsee graduate student Č£V*S&* < -tí-VN daigakusee college student «*ArL bengoshi lawyer F a m i 1 y i feá*&$£ okaasan mother ^^í^ otoosan father & ta ž § /v oneesan older sister ^l:^?^ oniisan older brother \>* % i E imooto younger sister fe£ -7 ž: otooto younger brother 14 ►»-m iBM^3 Grammar x i* y r "T "It is 12:30." "I am a student." "My major is the Japanese language." These sentences will all be translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the word desu. -■CT« It is . . . Juuniji han desu. Cakusee desu. Nihongo desu. f//j is half past twelve. (I) am a student. (My major) is the Japanese language. Note that none of these sentences has a "subject," like the "it," "I," and "my major" found in their English counterparts. Sentences without subjects are very common in Japanese; Japanese speakers actually tend to omit subjects whenever they think it is clear to the listener what or who they are referring to. What are we to do, then, when it is not clear what is being talked about? To make explicit what we are talking about, we can say: wa nihongo desu. is the Japanese language. Where stands for the thing that is talked about, or the "topic," which is later in the sentence identified as nihongo. For example, Senmon wa nihoneo desu. (My) major is the Japanese language. Similarly, one can use the pattern X wa Y desu to identify a person or a thing X as item X (i Y "Ctc X is Y. As for X, it is Y. hfzii± x- • áŕ-A-et« Watashi wa Suu Kimu desu. / am Sue Kim. Mr. Yamashita is a teacher. Mary is an American. Wa is a member of the class of words called "particles." So is the word m, which we will turn to later in this lesson. Particles attach themselves to phrases and indicate how the phrases relate to the rest of the sentence. Note also that nouns like gakusee and sensee in the above examples stand alone, unlike their English translations "student" and "teacher," which are preceded by "a." In Japanese, there is no item that corresponds to "a." nor is there any item that corresponds to the plural "-s" at the end of a noun. Without background situations, a sentence like gakusee desu is therefore ambiguous between the singular and the plural interpretations; it may mean "We are/you are/they are students," as well as "I am/you are/she is a student." W*M Question Sentences It is very easy to form questions in Japanese. Basically, all you need to do is add ka at the end of a statement. Ryuugakusee desu. Ryuugakusee desu ka. (I am) an international student. (Are you) an international student? The above sentence, Ryuugakusee desu ka, is a "yes/no" question. Question sentences may also contain a "question word" like nan (what). In this lesson, we learn how to ask, and answer, questions using the following question words: nanji (what time), nansai (how old), nannensee (what year in school). Note carefully that the order of words in a sentence may be quite different from what you find in your language. (■tí-A&Aii) ^^rtto (Senmon wa) eego desu. (My major) is English. 1It is not customary to write a question mark al the end of a question sentence in Japanese. 2The Japanese question word for "what" has two pronunciations: nan and nani. Nan is used immediately before desu or before a "counter" like ji (o'clock). The other form, nani, is used before a particle. Nani is also used in the combination nanijin (person of what nationality). Yamashita san wa sensee desu. 5 f»j - s Aria fy i 5 u A t+. Mearii san wa amerikajin desu. Senmon wa nan desu ka. What is your major? ► ěfS-X^á Ima nanji děsu ka. What time is it noiv? Mearii san vva nansai desu ka. How old are you, Mary? Nannensee desu ka. W7zß/ jx&gr ore? $g>» m college? Denvva bangoo wa nan desu ka. What is your telephone number? (v^) < Ľ-C-1-Q (Ima) kuji desu. It is nine o'clock. Ľ fr -9 ^ vp 1 5 v*"Ü"f" c Juukyuusai desu. I'm nineteen years old. Ninensee desu. /'w a sophomore. I86<97343"C1\ Ichi hachi roku no nana san yon san desu. It is 186-7343. noun,® noun2 Arö is a particle that connects two nouns. The phrase Toozai daigaku no gakusee means "(a) student at Tozai University." The second noun gakusee provides the main idea3 (being a student) and the first one Toozai daigaku makes it more specific (not a high school, but a college student). No is very versatile. In the first example below, it acts like the possessive ("x's") in English, but that is not the only role no can play. See how It connects two nouns in the following examples. Takeshi san no denwa bangoo daigaku no sensee nihongo no gakusee nihon no daigaku Takeshi's phone number a college professor a student of the Japanese language ď college in Japan Observe that in the first two examples, the English and Japanese words are arranged in the same order, while in the last two, they are in the opposite order. Japanese seems to be more consistent in arranging ideas here; the main idea always comes at the end, with any further description placed before it. 3Here is what we mean by the "main idea." In the phrase Takeshi san no denica bangoo (Takeshi's phone number), the noun denica bangoo (phone number) is the main idea, in the sense that if something is Takeshi's phone number, it is a phone number. The other noun Takeshi san is not the main idea, because Takeshi's phone number is not Takeshi. ISM noun, CD noun2 T t main idea further restriction A phrase of the form "noun: no noun:'" acts more or less like one big noun. You can put it wherever you can put a noun, as in the following example: tzlil ^LF) nš>&*JL (á 2 n z ň co «ř/Uřv» Ti", Takeshi san no okaasan \va kookoo no sensee desu. Takeshi's mother is a high school teacher. ms—b* Ucfc-5 \-fhj Expression Notes 550 ► Ano indicates that you have some reservations about saying what you are going to say next. You may be worried about interrupting something someone is currently doing, or sounding rude and impolite for asking personal questions, for example. (álV/t/Š.^ Both hai and ee mean "yes" in response to yes-no questions. Compared to hai, ee is more conversational and relaxed. In more informal situations, mi is used. Hai is also used to respond to a knock at the door or to the calling of one's name, meaning "Here," as follows. (Ee cannot be replaced in this case.) Teacher: 7, %, X S L ? Sumisu san? Student: liW Hai Mr. Smith? Here. JE^'C&tP^ Soo desu ka acknowledges that you have understood what was just said. "Is that so?" or "I see." Pronunciation of [£► The particle \$ is pronounced "«•«," not "ha." It should be written with ii. All other instances of ',u^a,, are written with io. £;Sfe hfz L (D XLfoUL r ô j* 37-86671* f 0 Watashi no denvva bangoo wa san nana no hachi roku roku nana desu. My telephone number is 37-8667. There are a few exceptions, such as konnichiwa (good afternoon) and konbamca (good evening). They are usually written with 3. A. (3"% {á and C A, li Á, it. Numbers ► Many number words have more than one pronunciation. Refer to the table at the end of this book for a general picture. 0 in and #U> are both commonly used. 1 y>%i but pronounced as lr»*i in l^-j^X (one minute) and i^-d $ V^ (one-year old). 2 !i all the time. When you are reading out each digit separately, as when you give your phone number, it may be pronounced with a long vowel, as 6£tr*, 3 ^ A, all the time. The part that follows it may change shape, as in g&J£&, instead of £A,^/v. 4 J; & is the most basic, but fourth-year student is XfaAs^^* and four o'clock is J: L\ In some combinations that we will later learn, it is read as U (as in L$f3» April). The part that follows this number may change shape too, as in k/vMAt* 5 Cf all the time. When read out separately, it may be pronounced with a long vowel, as ď -5. 6 5 < , but pronounced as B -3 in ?>~oJ,>L. 7 && is the most basic, but seven o'clock is Ľ% U. 8 (3:^3, but usually pronounced as li-j in [ii^k- and tá:o ÖV*. 9 i tj> 9 is the most basic, but nine o'clock is < U. 10 U $ š , but pronounced as U t'í> -o in U M> sM&f and U eí> -o £ \ >. Giving one's telephone number ► The particle no is usually placed in between the local exchange code and the last four digits. Therefore, the number 012-345-6789 is zero ich i ni, san yon go no, roku nana hachi kyuu. tt/uttl^ The word sensee is usually reserved for describing somebody else's occupation. Watashi iva sensee desu makes sense, but may sound slightly arrogant, because the word sensee actually means an "honorable master." If you (or a member of your family) are a teacher, and if you want to be really modest, you can use the word kyooshi instead. £ h ► San is placed after a name as a generic title. It goes both with a given name and a family name. Children are referred to as chan (and boys in particular as kun), rather than as san. Professors and doctors are usually referred to with the title sensee. San and other title words are never used in reference to oneself. Referring to the person you are talking to ► The word for "you." anata, is not very commonly used in Japanese. Instead, we use the name and a title like san and sensee to refer to the person you are talking to. Therefore, a sentence like "Ms. Hart, are you Swedish?" should be: M— > £ A,B X $ s. - f > U k TŤÄv. Haato san wa sueedenjin desu ka. instead of *\— !•#&, h^tzli X^x-f >U/^-t^: Haato san, anata wa sueedenjin desu ka. Japanese names ► When Japanese give their name, they say their family name first and given name last. Usually, they don't have middle names. When they introduce themselves, they often say only their family name. Here are some typical Japanese names. Family name Given name Men Women S t 5 Satoo Hiroshi 8H i Yuuko Suzuki Ichiroo Megumi ŤZMŽI Takahashi 8TA.U Kenji < &C Kumiko Tanaka lib 5 1 Yuuki Naomi Itoo JE Stři Masahiro Kyooko ® ► ŠIS- tlhÁjfyZ) Practice U"3~*5l/ (Numbers) A. Read the following numbers. Q (a) 5 (bl 9 (c) 7 (d) I (e) 10 (f) 8 m 2 (h) 6 (i) 4 (j) 3 B. Read the following numbers. @ (a) 45 (b) 83 (c) 19 (d) 76 (e) 52 (f) 100 (S) 38 (h) 61 (13 24 (i) 97 0 zero ree ■ 1 V^ II Ľ i£ "7 W% 30 ^ /LV yp l ichi juuichi sanjuu 2 í: ni 12 U 9 i juurii fc 40 1 /v U H> "9 yonjuu 3 san 13 juusan $^ 50 - Ü yp 1 gojuu 4 IL/L/iX) 14 Ľ n» "9 IL/Mypi L 60 h i U yp l yon shi (yo) juuyon juushi rokujuu 5 g° 15 j u u go i— 70 ř£ & Ľ * 3 nanajuu 6 hi roku 16 V yp 1 juuroku ^< 80 hachijuu 7 &&/U* 17 Ü rp 1 frflr/t;#i L^ 90 ^ yp 1 Ľ 9 í nana shichi juunana juushichi kyuujuu 8 h ach i 18 U yp l juuhach íá£> 100 hyaku 9 j Kí) -9 / < kyuu ku 19 U yp l juukyuu 5 H» $ / C * i < juuku 10 Ľ 9 9 juu 20 nijuu § C. What are the answers? ß (a) 5+3 (b) 9+1 (ci 3 + 4 cü 6 — 6 (ei 10 + 9 'f 8 — 7 (§140-25 SliS« ŕ L/£x/u (Time) ichiji h< Ľ rokuji Ľ $ •) w * fe l! iuuichiii niji 11* U shichiji »ä, u sann hachiji \:*pi i-U yoji < Ľ kuji ichiji han f c Ľ <$ n Ľ A. Look at the following pictures and answer the questions, (jjjjj) Example: EM V1*! Ž£&Ľ"CÍľ#% Ex. Ima nanji desu ka. A : nfeĽBAŕ-e-t« Ichiji han desu. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) © ► élS-Xž B. Answer the questions, {jjjj] Example: Q : £ 1 $ £ 1 13. ^^ Ř &A,\Z'Ti'fr Tookvoo wa ima nanii desu ka. Gozen sanji desu. 1. London 6:00 p.m. I \ /7 w 2. Stockholm 7:00 p.m. -š- 4. New Delhi s\y~^ ß 11:30 p.m. J 3. Nairobi 9:00 p.m. 7. New York 1:00 p.m. 8. Rio de Janeiro 3:00 p.m. $wCMQtt£foZÍ5 (Telephone Numbers) A. Read the following people's telephone numbers. Pj Example: ŤĚhfc 283-9547 Yamashita ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana 1. ft ft '1 Mearii 951-0326 2. tzifl Takeshi 362-4519 3. x-Suu 691-4236 4. D/N — Robaato f 852-1032 B. Pair Work—Read the dialogue below with your partner. (3 Denwa ban goo wa nan desu ka. B : 283-9547-C"to Ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana desu. A : 283-9547^1-^0 Ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana desu ne. Hai, sou desu. C. Group Work—Use the dialogue above and ask three classmates their telephone numbers. name telephone number ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Translate the following phrases into Japanese using CO (no). M Example: student of the Japanese language -* í-íä/C u. #3 é* { ^^ nihongo no gakusee 1. my teacher 2. my telephone number 3. my name 4. Takeshi's major 5. Mary's friend 6- student of the University of London 7. teacher of the Japanese language 8. high school teacher tb & o i\ H tb Ů iŕ . Look at the chart on the next page and describe each person using the cues in (a) through (e). @ L fettLSA 2. Í—S& 3. dA-^^SfAi 4. fH^U^ Takeshi san Suu san Robaato san Yamashita sensee (a) nationality Example: 5r í ~'S A- -* > f ') ~ ^A4i T / ') # U Ar* "to Mearii san Mearii san wa amerikajin desu. (b) year in school Example: ^T'J-U -* / r') ~ ^/I ii Ufc/C^rv^-f Mearii san Mearii san wa ninensee desu. .- i ► £iS-£ž (c) age Example: Ž T V — $ & Mearii san aft í> 0 i> / r *;—$&& l*#í §ypi ^-ci-c Mearii san vva juukyuu sai desu. (d) school Example: ^ f '} - ^ Mearii san Mearii san vva Arizona daigaku no 9)H -tí-V^-Ci■, gakusee desu. (e) major M ;-, ') i ■ Example: ž T V — t Ä* Mearii san ^f'j-^/vío -tř/Ct/Uá ta/irtř, Mearii san no senmon vva nihongo desu. Hart, Mary Kimura Takeshi Kim, Sue Smith, Robert Yamashita sensee Nationality American Japanese Korean kankokujin British igirisujin Japanese Year 2nd year 4th year 3rd year 4th year ^~^~^ Age 19 22 20 22 47 School U. of Arizona Tozai Univ. Seoul Univ. U. of London Tozai Univ. Maj or Japanese history (&S I) rekishi computer (3>ťa-7-) konpyuutaa business bijinesu (Japanese teacher) B. Pair Work—Ask and answer questions using the given cues. *•> h 9 . ■ i, í*> 'l ň- Example 1: ŕ T »J - $ L/T ŕ 'J i] M L Mearii san amerikajin Mearii san vva amerikajin desu ka. A : É.C, £^ -C-fe Ee, soo desu. Example 2: /rl]-H/H^^■ŕ^ Mearii san sannensee Mearii san \va sannensee desu ka. lie, ninensee desu. 1. 5'7 'J —SAr/T 'J '/-**£****< 09 **< -tírvs Mearii san Arizona daigaku no gakusee Mearii san ichinensee 3. /-citu/yciuu Takeshi san nihonjin Takeshi san Nihon daigaku no gakusee Takeshi san juukyuusai Suu san sueedenjin 7. %<—%&& #&% 4// tf % * 5ft * (economics) Suu san no senmon keezai 8. o/<— b^/CiO ^řX&rk/líS**;*. Robaato san no senmon bijinesu 9. n/*— h $£/J:feA/-$ti Robaato san yonensee 10. a/<— ý j A/{: U ^ ť u0 3 vn Robaato san nijuuissai Yamashita sensee nihonjin 12. ťt l/c-^^^/^'í rV***< ÍO -^/^t^ Yamashita sensee Hawai daigaku no sensee A. Look at the chart below and describe each person with regard to (a) and (b). £S] ■ 1. i*¥-3b%A, 2. fefclUSA 3. Uf^g okaasan oniisan imooto (a) occupation/school Example: & £ ň 3 /v -» / T 'J - 3 &^ 8 S 1 Š /v tá č*v* L f v^f-f, otoosan Mearii san no otoosan vva kaishain desu. ► ÄS-XiŽ* (b) age Example: ia K *? §& otoosan :■■> !. • Mearii san no otoosan wa vonjuuhassai desu. Mary's host family otoosan (father) okaasan (mother) oniisan (elder brother) imooto (younger sister) Occupation/ School kaishain (works for a company) L KP J« shufu (housewife) daigakuinsee (graduate student) kookoosee (high school student) Age 48 45 23 16 B. Answer the questions using the chart above. 1. nz i *A, Otoosan wa 2. Otoosan wa 3. n^h^A, Okaasan wa 4. &*•&$£ Okaasan wa 5. toicvN^ Oniisan wa kaishain desu ka. tá frjt*VN*e*fi% nansai desu ka. sensee desu ka. nansai desu ka. tá <*V* L ^Wv-c-t^0 kaishain desu ka. 6. £f:v^,Uá 5X$wC-f-i&\ nansai desu ka. Oniisan wa 7. *%fc í fco Imooto wa 8. fc%| -9 £íá Imooto wa daigakusee desu ka. nansai desu ka. vn sfccttö© XltvĽfyŽ) (Review Exercises) A. Class Activity—Ask five classmates questions and fill in the chart below. Example questions: & & á £ (i ? ("What is your name?) Onamae \va? tf d&*4j ■! á L ft ů*z (Where do you come from?) Doko kara kimashita ka. LC^ (occupation) (á SiltT^i Shigoto \va nan desu ka. N'annensee desu ka. N'ansai desu ka. Senmon vva nan desu ka. Name Nationality Occupation/ School Age Major, etc. B. Self-introduction—Introduce yourself to the class. Example: Hajimemashite. Mearii Haato desu. T ') V-f f£^¥ < co é*<*v^-Cť« VNá Arizona daigaku no gakusee desu. Ima ninensee desu. Senmon wa nihongo desu. Juukvuusai desu. Doozo yoroshiku. © ► esŠ'X/Žiu C. Class Activity—Ask your classmates what their majors are, and find someone who has the following major. Example: Q : 4řL í /viá OtA^i***« Senmon vva nan děsu ka. A : t;^wtt« Nihongo děsu. name 1. Japanese 2. economics 3. English 4. history 5. business m 29 DAVu • tU Time / Age Time hours minutes 1 ichiji 1 v n o J»% II OT^oJ>% ippun juuippun 2 ICC niji 2 KJ*4 12 l>Ťi:j7v nifun juunitun 3 sanji 3 $A,*UA, 13 U #"5 $&«&C sanpun juusanpun 4 1 Ľ yoji 4 £&«»:£ 14 t>ioJ:/vi>% yonpun juuyonpun 5 goji •» 5 Z*J^ 15 \S yp 1 ^Jt»&0 gofun juugofun 6 ^ < t* rokuji 6 Z>-o*UAs 16 U Ki> "9 ^>Ťlioi.V happun hachifun juuhappun 9 < u kuji kyuufun juuhachifun 10 II juuji Ľ # 7 V * % U juuichiji 10 U kí) O J»% 19 H$^$$)i«Á juppun juukyuufun 20 i:l;>o^% nijuppun 12 juuniji 30 ^/vOo.^% sanjuppun Age Nansai děsu ké Ť č4o/& v» < ~3X~tě\ (How old are you?) Oikutsu desu ka. The counter suffix ~$ ť» is used to indicate "-years old." 1 2 3 4 w v# ^ v * 5 :"^^ 9 ^i^^^vn issai gosai kyuusai fc$v* 6 % < $v* [0 Ü#o5vi nisai rokusai jussai £ & $ v * 7 & $ $ t * n Ci*j)w»$vi sansai nanasai juuissai £&3t* 8 Rr>$Vi 20 ttfey yonsai hassai hatachi * » *For 20 years old. Ižŕz t> Uiataclii) is usually used, although I- Ľ*i4> o $ k» (nijussai) can be used.