(t?; ►šiš-:£jžl fí4 E S S O N =j*—[\ The First Date *\ ßU é IS D i a I o g u e \\j Mary goes downtown. 3 x-T 'J - : &9&IM r^'^áto fo In the evening, at Mary's host family's house, i JttV — : tzt£^Ř0 3 y r 'J - 5 x" r 'J - 6 nx^As 7 jrr 9 — 8 9 &x:^/v 10 &"€^/v 11 Ä á -ŕ/v-c L fco feitl$£titJfc£-*&?L&. s s.o. žfl ĽC-C-f^^o fe-s, x-r ■) -$/v. fc, On the phone. 2 ./r 'J - : i L t L, fcttLaiťC+t». t r 'J-T-to © Mary: Excuse me. Where is McDonald's? Stranger: It is in front of that department store. Mary: Thank you. © Mar}': I'm home. Host father: Welcome home. How was the moyie? Mary: I didn't see it. Takeshi didn't come. Host father: Oh, why? Mary: I don't know. So, I went to a bookstore and a temple alone. Host father: Were there a lot of people? Mary: Yes. I took many pictures at the temple. I also went to a department store. Here's a souvenir for you. Host father: Thank you. Host mother: Oh, Mary, you had a phone call a little while ago. 0 Takeshi: This is Kimura. Mary: Hello, is this Takeshi? This is Mary. Takeshi, you didn't come today, did you? Takeshi: I went there. I waited for one hour in front of the Häagen-Dazs place. Mary: Not Häagen-Dazs. McDonald's! Takeshi: McDonald's . . . I'm sorry! © 74 ► šlš-£?£S N o u n s Activities TJ\ř*%4 h #*%%t (D 5=77, People and Things h^Ťz Utó * n&wi z€% :TäX • l^LA, o < £ -C^ŕÄ fez /N°> * r>£ Places * fexéi w 1 X./v x-^°— * T^Vn0— i^ /u * [IL^ f ti IxX h 7 > Time ^íO-9 t*o^ v^ ■H* ♦Äfc fc# Ä-1 B^B Cf. bV&£*»£ part-time job shopping class you dog souvenir child rice; meal picture; photograph desk letter cat bread person temple park supermarket department store bus stop hospital hotel bookstore town; city restaurant yesterday a little while ago hour one hour * Words that appear in the dialogue \ «Xl* i Ttit last week £ 1 q when . . . : at the time of . . . (-CO) if o j: ň If nmB Monday fr X iľf ^cía Tuesday T^X 17J #-B«B Wednesday i < X -9 V «0 Thursday ?/^xi t? ^Q Friday U - v e r b s &T £M to meet; to see (a person) (person Í-) * &š there is . . . (~#ä) i* í K Ť to buy (—&) Ó>< #< to write (person 1 - thing tb ) * E i m^ to take (pictures) (~ Ž ) * |«s> í#^ to wait C***^) * tefrZ to understand ( — fr) R u - v e r b * v^ (a person) is in ... : stays at . . . (place l~) Adverbs and Other Expressions ~ <- ŕ, í, i about (approximate measurement) * r^/v&^ I'm sorry. * jšf$*& so; therefore * fzt^/i many; a lot — K together with (a person) * € •$ t < why * tŕ K o -c -At alone * t L i L Hello? (used on the phone) Location Words *£ # right (—CO) MT S ž left (-co) * £ž If front (—CO) Í 13 m^> back (—CO) &i&* ^ inside (—CO) Ť x. Jb on (—CO) 7ť> ► ělš-X&l T under near ( next (' between there here > -a) £ £& Grammar 'S/u IS "3 X #*£> ŕ) á "ť means "there is/are X (nonliving thing)." The particle #* introduces, or presents, the item X. You can use h ') s. ~t when you want to say that there is something at a certain location. &£ :i:-?7 y-j-iv Ytfh ') it. There's a McDonald's over there. Note that h ř) á ~f is different from other verbs we have seen so far on the following three counts. One, it calls for the particle !-. rather than 1ľ, for the place description. Two, the place description usually comes at the beginning of the sentence. Three, the thing description is usually followed by the particle t>\ rather than íá. You can also use h ') i i~ to say that you hare or own something. ŕl/ť^Ž) 0 á-tř/l, / don't have a TV. Do you have time? 2 We also use felaT when we want to say that an event will take place. ifcflgaiiŤX b*ŕ*> í íts There will be an exam on Tuesday. h \_ Ťz IIB ^-% 0 á i" sentences as well. Note that the same verb "is" in English comes out differently in Japanese: hx Il^sfi^'^íto There is an international student over there. / T ') — í /viáffi ~rš.X"Ťz Mary is an international student. v^á*f and h 0 i i~ are strictly for descriptions of existence and location, while "C"f is for description of an attribute of a person or a thing. © ► ŠIS-^SÍ t^ct-W^áu^t -f, There's an international student over there. f thing 1f (place C) [ person 7DX There is 1 are . . . Describing Where Things Are We learned in Lesson 2 that to ask for the location of item X, you can use the word if (where) and say X í á € zX'tt*. 77 v-fiv KíJžfc-rt^ W&ere 'j McDonald's? In response, one can, of course, point and say. 77 K-ř/V K(i- £>£: & 7 "C "f o McDonald's is r oz.'éT there, right there near you. right here. In this lesson, we will learn to describe locations in more detail. More specifically, we learn to describe the location of an item relative to another item, as in "X is in front of Y." The Japanese version looks like X li Y CDiftX"~$~. i -- (-?7 Y'1-)lYl±) &?'<- r-iOfy-CI-o It's in front of that department store. Other useful words describing locations are as follows: location words - fog i to the right of' UŤČO to the left of ŽX. in front of aL/5 behind XläYÖ)- z>X Ufc «ť Vto X is inside oní above under/beneath near next to Y. xttYctzcDdĎUrtírTo X is I leticeen Y and Z. Tlie bank is next to the library. The umbrella is under the table. Tlie restaurant is between the department store and the hospital. One can use any of the above location words together with a verb to describe an event that occurs in the place. To use these phrases with verbs such as %£*< -5 and ft"?*, one will need the particle *t\ / waited for Mary in front of the Häagen-Dazs place. WiM Past Tense The past tense forms of verbs look like the following, where •*- stands for the stem of a verb. affirmative negative present tense ~f£"^" — šižŕv past tense —^L/fc —^tZ/uZI'L/fc &T 9 —%&&$&%£% ^ feř-# *] Ř L h o Mary returned home at about nine. f A tä I CO ň B &t§ ž %5t L Ř -fcr /v *C L ŕz = I @&* «or sĺz/ďj' Japanese yesterday. The various details of formation of the long forms that we learned in Lesson 3, like the rw-verb/«-verb/irregular verb distinctions, all apply to the past tense forms as well. "Another word for '"near" that is also commonly used is £>£* < . 5Both XtáY*9 E í£ ') "C*ř and XláYíOi: * "t-""?" describe situations where two items (X and Y) are found side by side. For a £ & ') sentence to be considered appropriate, items X and Y need to belong to the same category; two people, two buildings, and so forth. In contrast, an item can be X - in relation to another item even if they are quite distinct. $;1£&M U-W£ZX*Ťm The telephone is by the restroom. X«feti ► A Vft££ *J -C"i% (odd) >ěfS-X;íí The past tense versions of "X (á Y "C-j"" sentences look like the following. affirmative negative present tense ~wr ~W£>DŽÍŽru past tense ~r-ut -ÜVfcözitrvTlbtz* Mr. Yamashita ivas a student at Tozai University. That was not a Japanese movie. Ť-KtSfv Expressions of quantity in Japanese are rather different from those in English. In Japanese, if you want to add a quantity word like jfe i 3ř A to the direct object of a sentence, you can either place it before the noun, or after the particle ž. iyŕ-l í j ť >: L * í A Itz < H?|Ž i Ťz < í A,5f££ r ') áMEv^fU^ instead of the contracted form Ľ f *M Htvl "Ü L f=, 7As we learned in Lesson 3. for "at about a certain time" we have another word z'z>. / studied Japanese for about three hours yesterday. The particle S has two functions. One is to connect two nouns A and B. H ^fj- £ j^to ž f# L á; "j% / speak Japanese and English. 3^fp E AMJi^T lllfrfl / stanz /o Äro/o M Osaka. The other meaning of £ is '"together with"; it describes with whom you do something. / T 'J - e5 /v (á X - Š /l^ftS i:íf^lf3 Mary will go to Korea with_ Sue. a * «■■■ü We learned in Lesson 2 that we use the particle t in reference to the second item which shares a common attribute with the first. You can also use t when two or more people perform the same activity. % it Ž CO 1 ^TipíClf JH/:o / iretit to Kyoto yesterday. ilíT^fcÄj^^ 6) i ^fPi-ÍT^ á L /čo Professor Yamashita went to Kyoto yesterday, too. Or when someone buys, sees, or eats two or more things. Mary bought shoes. Mary bought a bag, too. In both cases, & directly marks an item on the list of things or people that have something in common. Observe that t replaces the particles tá, &*, or ž in these sentences. You can also use t when you go to two places, do something on two different occasions, and so forth. You can use £ to connect nouns only. We will learn about connecting verbs and sentences in Lesson 6. 9'With" as in "with chopsticks" requires another particle. See Lesson 10. XT'] ~$£&Hftl&J(tii L 7c © ► ľzsoä'X/žíii fc&$tm.&^i~ffž ř itz ht-X im.izí>nži itzo I ivent to Kyoto last week. I went to Osaka, too. Robert went to a party on Saturday. amaizt>'<-T4 -r.n^Ř ltz0 He went to a party on Sunday, too. We put t after the particle I- in these sentences. More generally, particles other than ii, &*, and ž are used together with &, rather than being replaced by it. my—s Expression Notes X (Dwi^ X (Dm is often used in the sense of "across (the street) from X" or ŽX í (t "opposite X." You may also hear another word that is used in the sense of across, namely, XC0ti/6H\ If something is behind X, or farther away from a street and cannot be directly seen because of the intervening X, in addition to calling it X (D'iR^, you can also describe it as being X d 6. ŤľoI^-oV In the dialogues, we observe Mary's host father saying x.-o, and her host mother saying £>o. x.-o is like the incredulous "what?" that you use when you have heard something that is hard to believe, h c is used when you have suddenly noticed or remembered something. The small o at the end of these little words indicates that these words, when pronounced, are very short. -B^PeH^ f- (half) appears after the unit word like B#(S. Thus, "two hours and a half" is IIBf fHJ#, rather than nW*iH. feUtU^ tiliL is "hello," which is used only in telephone conversations. Some people use & L & L when they place a call. Some other people use it when they receive a call. P r a c t c e tlfo ĽI3>5 0*¥#35üä:T £UČK A. Look at the picture and tell what you see, using &D^"3~ or L B. Answer the following questions. 3. fcfe&a?$tftfcr*fM ťtK 5. T>N°- h kjr*«* 0 ťffrm 6. w0$0| (classroom) i-rfM*^í, -f£\ 7. fH^II (zoo) í-jW^á "t^0 8. fe*řfcO]I (country) r-WŽ.1)^^ 9. Ä^f>tt:W*9át4». C. Look at Takeshi's schedule for the week and answer the following questions, (jjjjj) School After School Monday French English Computer Tuesday History club activity Wednesday French English Computer Thursday History club activity Friday English (TEST) party Saturday NO SCHOOL date Sunday NO SCHOOL part-time job club activity ? 7 ~7' party /* — Ť -í — test Ť X b Example: Q : E «g B U 7 x >Xf£čDy- v X^'Ž> 0 ťfsK A : Sžv\ &0 á-fo 1. nmBi2%mcD7vx^ž>>) ž-ft\ 2. ^BiaU3>b°^-^-í077X^íŽ) ') á1">K 5. 4t)f atcfWA O á1"^o 6. &if0 *-*&*& O íf^o 7. BlgHlctf*** o f-fé% D. Pair Work—Write down your next week's schedule and ask each other what plans you have on each day of the week. Example: A : B HI H l-iWh ') Ř #^% B : B^mco7ýXts& O á1% Your Schedule Your Partner's Schedule ^BfS &*fS y^ma ^ma pmn ±mn H HI H A. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. [jj] Example: H m #ítii *.¥*>#. 3>-et 1. #M£^ 4. ** A 1SI _ ' i - 2. umů 5 3. /-5ž'XB:-- C. Pair Work—Ask and answer questions to find where the buildings are. One student looks at map A. The other student looks at map B (p. 93). Don't look at the other's map. Example: A : pM lá ť Z X'i~^0 Map A afs T ty %m- \g=°°s>-' \ VSWň isifp ^ mt . . , . - L , * » < »« s Ask where the following places are. 1. ± * 3. m& 5. #|5í£^ř 2. / Y fct&UDL? l Ťzů\ ~" lftJ:o XJ ftt A. Change the following verbs into — £Ufc and ~£1tA/CUfc. @ Example: fe*<$ -» Ťz^Řltz 1. iáíri" 2. *»^ 3. iö 4. =6^ < i. {.f 6. á o 7. &3< £ 8. fr£»£ 9. f-$ 10. £§ 11. Ž>£ 12. fäi 13. ^< 14. &*££ 15. COÜ B. The pictures below show what Mary did last week. Tell what she did. [jjjl Example: *T 9 ~'3 A«i*XHf 8 i-il#ltt^^ LU/:c Ex. Monday (1) Tuesday (2) Wednesday (3) Thursday in the library at home at school at a coffee shop (4) Friday (5) Saturday (6) Sunday at a friend's house in Kyoto at a department store C. Look at the pictures in B and answer the questions, fffi] Example: Q \ * T "J -$&&;! «10 fCl^tre^J&Lá Ltcfr* A : tt*S &3£LÍ L/i; q : /r g -^ííjibib ^®éJLi L&*% 2. y r 'J-^u^jcHiaíi^/Etzíŕ^á L M*. 5. ^ T1)-^aisiBicf-^T.Ž Lá L/c^0 6. /r 'J -S^íhhShuäi^ž Lá L/=*»e D. Look at the pictures above and answer the questions. [^ Example: Q \ *yH— 3A,ttJH|B l-föt t á L^é\ A : ■♦JJ-CÄÄLi L/co i. iTT8-~S&tt4<4B&tti:LäLfe*% 2. /r,J-í/vli^iHi:HHn/':^ ô. /r -j ^$Xtt^ai:i^c?*crttA, £*-<«£ L&4». E. Pair Work—Ask what your partner did on Monday, Tuesday, etc. Example: A : ^a[:HHÍ 1/:^= B : fsXt Lá L/cc © ► žS-Xä* C S* ££ B/u <£ Pair Work—Using the expressions below, ask your partners how often they did the following activities when they were a child or in high school. Example: A : fm^/M^.^ X <^éS^3 Life*« B : iiv\ i < ffc&i L/co l. Mfäi~ž 2. X#—^f*fÍ 3. ^iHž 4. Ä-l(:^< 5. *tt*f < 6. f- h £"t á | < ■ ~ÍLfc K>řS ■ - *«&<*Arn?i& ®3— t—«fj&ftT A. Compare sentences (a) and (b), and change sentence (b) using t. Example: (a) r* >;<-y7*~li~ WRtf0 n-h-i^WP3^1-( i. (a) ŕct?L$A,fcWtr£Ä^i Lfe (b) fct-ti^ii^tiXžx^J: l^0 2. (a) 0/<— h 5A,(ÍB*|ft&ft&l.áT« (b) ^r1? — $£££*&MMĚLÍi8. 3. (a) /cit ie5/Uá±BÍHÍ-r/Ws^ h ž Lá-fo (b) fetfLSjCttStStcr/krtf h ž táto (b) ^r u—ž^ut# ^-c-H«žif L á "to 5. (a) &l/=, *r9~&£ttfcitL3A,fc*v*£'f, 6. (a) &4L. LLl-íŤ$á:-£A,"Clŕco (b) £09-9, LLfcttSl-tiXTLfe« mnm< © B. Describe the pictures using Ife. ßj Example: il*-j£ŽÄŕtt'rí&',C+« d) H'b fan (2) riiA *' go to a party (5) (3) f i 4 ü /č ft fr student (4) •? Ž.X BXk 1% it l£&& ťXiV r-ihXňxf $*£ltř t < Xilf K l S «t l © ► šfž< (ví šČLlbCDWIi (Review Exercises) A. Answer the following questions. 4. J; < r^íí^riáX,ťft-<Í-f#% 5. J: <$&££***$>*?*»■ 6. fcst, x-t°-7ž Lá Lfe*% 8. itm, ?jt*&< &aa*í lŕä% B. Pair Work—A and B want to play basketball together. The following is A's schedule for this week. (B's schedule is on p. 93.) Play the roles of A and B with your partner. Ask each other what the other is doing and decide on what day you will play basketball. Example: A :^'X^7 h (basketball) ž l Ě B : ifH^tt fac a : nmm±£^ t-ť*\ fttBtt? A's Schedule ji~ X 5^yw A MON •Je-n^vitf UsuZ&j msu^+^oľ^ ä» 7UE A3 IVED W THU Ht^í'-^>»te- //"c>^" X ř» ,ák% i M7 f/2-57?.»»*.) Pair Work n C.= Example: A : ftM (á ť Z TÝ&« Map B ** -r ^ 7- ;v •> > 11*1 ■XwrVi ľT^ Ask where the following places are. 1. $Š\% 2. %*£ 3. X-/N0- 4. mí 5. I/X h 9 > Pair Work VI Bj Example: A : ' < X y -y h (basketball) ž L á B : ir-w*'C+:to« A : 8«f BJäfl "ďäs B's Schedule SUN ^ p.m. JoQoiha MOW 9^^y fr, 4r£ hbr^ry rue l/VEO SVioppína \n OSťxka. 7WU Dinner &* -friend S nouse Ffl/ SAT — ►ěis-£?žá ÍÍL Li Locations o < Ž.COX o < Ž.COT L ŕ; éHfLft*? ť L / r\ o '.'I .er, o < *. cO Ý if £ ^1 /c^/v£ '-D -^É/c^Aíoltr D ays/Weeks/Months/Years Days 0 HS H HBfH 7K^a ^la i*ia 1 2 3 -' •*'Z -T * 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ĽmŤ!:. D6 13 14 15 D*i r: 36 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Months —January L%^s^ (-tfl)------- —February iá^'o (Ajf)---------- —March < #*«9 (^J!)------------- April Ľ 0 7 «&**Š f+J|)------- —May C" $ 3 W*ts #ä"^ ("h— H )—November —June U rt> 1 l-ů*^ f-H^M) December July -August September October Time Words Day Week Month Year the day before yesterday (ft* m the week before last the month before last the year before last yesterday last week last month last year today this week this month ^^ t (4^-3 this year tomorrow7 next week next month next year the day after tomorrow the week after next the month after next hum« the year after next