(96) ►áas-Ätti f» 5 B I l * * Š Ö" /ÍSj^fj ^ "^r'P t0 Okinawa as £pb D«* e:5 N íi S Dialogue fM Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa. i u/<— h : v\v*XA"C"t"fca 2 it &: -ř^-e-f^io -Ct, fei o £#^~C-fte0 3 o/s— J. : ^^ ^*i^&$H tí ä 5 It X, : D/í-fHlá feTA^ÍCx#-7**# J -ti"* 9 o/*— h : ýšJLýfťfXo Qn At the post office 2 ftflUM 3 n/n— h 4 no On Monday at school. 3 felt L : £frotzX*tt20 lí'< i***^«ř3fc-C-í*. fllíí«0«ffaÄ**ofcf i A -;■• T Er I- í í-; .;: fed- 5 n/s-h: vH*Jt, fcá 0^< Ž>0 Í«^"CLfc. /cit L $ ^*>r- h tt*T3 t 6 Lfe^o 7 felt L : © Robert: Nice weather. Ken: Yes. But it is a little hot. Robert: Wow, beautiful sea! Ken: Let's swim. * * » Ken: What kind of sports do you like. Robert? Robert: I like surfing. Shall we do it together tomorrow? Ken: But isn't it difficult? Robert: Xo. © Robert: Excuse me. How much is a postcard to Britain? Person at the post office: 70 yen. Robert: Then, two 70-yen stamps, please. And one 50-yen stamp, please. © Takeshi: Robert, thank you for the postcard. Did you enjoy, the trip? Robert: Yes. The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa. Takeshi: Good. I like the sea very much, too. Was the airline ticket expensive? Robert: No, it wasn't so expensive. How was your date, Takeshi? Takeshi: . . . >ěfš-3££f fcAy pn g V o cab u 1 a r y Nouns * ŤÄ ft sea * lot w* postal stamps * | o is w® ticket * -"t —y 4 > surfing L Hi < fc'vv mm homework fz- L v ^ IfrL^ new * ŽjO^ #v> hot (weather) Ž>o^ ÄV\ hot (objects) w*££*Lv> It L ^» busy (people/days) ÍSfcŠ^ **n large řJt L^vn ®év^ interesting :-b^ if v ^ frightening $t*v^ ^V> cold (weather—not used for objects) * tzco L * to hate * *?vvfM&) *JfŠ very fond of; to love ÍC3?-*»J&»(fc) lively />>+rA(&) handsome Vi (4) BI not busy; to have a lot of free time V - v e r b s * £ J: <* * C to swim í < M< to ask (person !-) ŕO£ &S to ride; to board (~i-) * ^£ to do; to perform (~ S:) R u - v e r b •CjHť Š &;Mt3 to go out Adverbs a n d 0 t h e r Expressions * ^o L i i- -JtíC together * Ý^L^fe and then * f£v\l; i ť i; ^5t^ It's okay.; Not to worry.; Everything is under control. Žf-Ct very íí%& what kind of . . . * ~á V* -^ [counter for flat objects] * ~i~e to (a place); as far as (a place); till (a time) d Adjectives There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. One type is called "^-adjectives," and the other type "&-adjectives." ^ and & are their last syllables when they modify nouns. ^-adjectives: fc & L ^> i^b&iB an interesting movie J CO "9 , Jo&L^A ^H^iü ž Ä, Ž L fco Ž Söw «w interesting movie yesterday. ZjfoX^fcž- a scary teacher il)T^ÜiC^>V>^;^."C*^"0 Professor Yamashita is a scary teacher. 4'-adjectives: § tlA * ft ^J£ ö beautiful picture --------------------------L v, L ^ ^# "C ^ ÍL V v ft $: Jfc Ž H 9 t L fc 0 / fooA (ľ beautiful picture in Kyoto. ŤEívDľTfeá. =fe03iveľr fet.U5<^ö^1±/u It is interesting. It is not interesting. past fcfrl^frofc-čľ-r fc^Uo^D^tt/uZľUfc // was interesting. It was not interesting. 5IM It is interesting (and confusing) that the idea of past tense is encoded differently in the affirmative and the negative polarities: (&o L h) fr o h "C"f is "past+affirmative," while (£i> L h){ ž.0 Ž«^ "C L fe is "negative+past.1" Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly regularly. The only irregularity worth noticing at this stage is the behavior of the adjective v^\ (good). The first syllable of v^v* is changed to X in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affirmative form. UU (irregular) affirmative negative present uur-r &<&D$Ufu past £#ofc"W -5 Ťz X'-f 2There actually are alternate forms, X ^ and X *»*"C"t*, but they are much less frequently used than ihi and vuv-C""!. 3As with I ^-adjectives, some speakers prefer an alternative paradigm, such as the following: affirmative negative present ~ X° "f ~ U f ÍE v "C 1~ past ~"t L ň ~M*t£frr>ŤzX-f In this lesson, we learn two ft -adjectives that are very important from the grammatical point of view. They are $rMft) (to be fond of; to like), and ^ h ^(ft) (to be disgusted with; to dislike). The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms: a person to like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other hand that is liked or disliked. In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the 4 particles (á and £*, respectively. r $?£ i r S&es ) l£6UJ l dislikes' O/*— h $ X,íá H ^l§ SO 7 7 X £ŕ£f $ *Ci*0 ifoôert /z'Aes A» Japanese classes. J* T pfeife, tá ,#. dá 3* b^x"C"t"o Professor Yamashita dislikes fish. The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person. You may want to be cautious using these words in reference to vour preference for a specific person, however, because if- J 5 t Ti~ is usually taken to be an admission of one's romantic interest. Let us note three more things about £r M ft) and S h v * (ft) before we go on. One, if you like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of *ř ^"C*t and $ b^"C"f, namely, Aíř^"C"f and A^í?v%"ťi". These forms are more common than the combinations of #r $ (ft) and $ h *> * ( ft) and the degree modifier £ "C t, to wThich we will turn shortly. Two, when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say: -&? 3s "Ü & ^ b ^ f" & & 9 í -Č /U I neither like nor dislike (it). ■t Three, you can use #f S ft and í b << ^ ft as modifiers of nouns. For example, you can say things like: 4In contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle ii is used instead of a&*. Thus, %im^{_m í -C~Ťt\ čiÜ J h v-Ci\, / like vegetables, but I don't like meat. 5In the expression of romantic or familial affection, the complex particle co z £■£>* can replace i1. Thus, ňtt L *L\tß T»; — 5 ^«:»'g í -etc = y t 'J - 5 /Ufií í -e-fo Takeshi is in love with Alary. 3 flll^L t (a little; slightly) before adjectives. The sea ivas very beautiful in Okinawa. This room is a little hot. Instead of having ZXi added to them, £fMfr) and H^(ic) have their own intensified forms, AM % (fr) (like very much) and A í h ^ (fr) (hate). tz it t S A*l±? -1 -**:** í "Ci". Takeshi likes coffee a lot. Ms. üT/m /zafes war/o (a Japanese fermented soybean delicacy). Take a long form of a verb and replace the ending with i L X i or á L i Ť *' and you will get the Japanese expression for "let's . . .," which you can use to suggest a plan of action. Let's study in the library together. **J£"C=i-*b-*lfcÄá tjt lir* Shall we drink coffee at a coffee shop? W&% Counting There are two important things you should know about counting items in Japanese. One, we use different number words for different kinds of items; the words used for counting people are different from the words used for counting books, for example. Two, number words often come after, rather than before, the items counted in a sentence. ])—$Asl± *3J^& 3.#C H^áL/=0 Lee bought three stamps. item number 104 ► š-iš-SíŽ! The number word, S$c, is made up of the numeral — and the "counter" #L This counter is used for sheets of paper and other flat objects. There will be other counters in later lessons—for people, for books, for sticklike objects, and so forth. ms—h Notes ftUlVLtř^AHÍC) ►ttLVi is used when we describe people and is not used for places. When you want to say that Tokyo is busy, you should use Takeshi is busy. Tokyo is busy/lively. Note that the sentence below is also acceptable, since the subject "I" is omitted in the sentence. I am busy on Sunday. n/v 0*5 P r a c t i c e fcfŕ A. Change the following adjectives into the affirmatives. H Example: Ťzů^^ tzfr^X*~Ť (f ^ ^ -et 1. ff" V* 2. & o u 3. $tľW 4. f3í>L^V^ 5. oáti'V^ 6. v^t^T^ 7. vu> 8. LfA1^ 9. Cj^^i 10. ^f%v^ n. tfá& B. Change the following adjectives into the negatives. [£ Example: -^"t"^ 1. ířtřV> 2. J,5v\ 3. Zfr^ 4. fe/:bL^ 5. tř*f**Lv^ 6. t^í^ 7. v\v» 8. (f X^ & 9. LT£*& 10. ^fl^tí 11. /^>-»fA& C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences. Example: 3 ?)# í+{iÄ^-CT0 Ex. (1) (2) (3) 106 ► éii-SJŽS I / (5) (8) D D (9) (10) (11) ^ y L 3 (12) (13) ŤX|~ O, X 6 X 3* s x 5 X ,o x D. Answer the following questions. Example: Q : B ^f£ŕO 7 7 X í±it L ^tt^< !: lii r A : x.x.. £ll^-e-ý-0/v^x., HL < ž> 0 £*A,„ 1. ^0řá^á"ei-5&% j í -i 3. ^m$*$^^i-*\ i: li/„ ŕ; feffl 2. &±Já^$ Lw-ct*» -: -l. -■- ■ 4. «P-lü^tiv^-Cl-^s 6. B^^^íá^-CTá3 E. Pair Work—Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner. Example: ^ft^ft 1. J5t L^^ 2. VW* 3. C^vn 5. T^VN /h i- 6. /N>+řAť 7. ÄÄft MA, J 4. JoVnL^ 8. Ut & ^ U P^^ F. Pair Work—Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives, and tell your partner. Example: fX h (á|t L < h řJ Ř ^L0 )L ft 0 tfO/Ji 6. A7>f ti A. Change the following adjectives into the past affirmatives. [^ - If £ ^ "C L ň Example: tzů^^ 1. ^i-VN 2. &ov^ 3. íUvn 4. fcí>l3>\^ 5. oHť^ 6, wJ^ít^ 7. vn^ 8. Lf^i 9. fc^j^íe 10. ^tt^íc n. tAift B. Change the following adjectives into the past negatives, [gff] Example: L-V> 3. f»SLv^ 4. o|b4'^ 5. J^^^vn 6. vn> 7. ^££*l^ 8. řcy^ř»***: 9. LT>& 10. £*iv^ 11. UŘ% C. This is what Robert wrote down about the trip to Okinawa. Look at the memo and make sentences, ßl Example: Ex. Okinawa—hot 1. food—not expensive 2. food—delicious 3. hotel—not big 4. hotel—new 5. restaurant—not quiet 6. sea—beautiful 7. surfing—interesting 108 D. Pair Work—Use the chart below and practice a dialogue with your partner, substituting the underlined parts. A and B are talking about A's vacation. Example: A is Robert. Ex. Robert went to Okinawa very hot (1) Mary saw a movie scary (2) Takeshi stayed home (n %>I-v> t) very boring (3) Sue went to a party not fun (4) Mr. Yamashita went to flea market (7 'J — V — ^ -y h) not cheap (5) & ©■URřtťWtt A. Look at the pictures and make comments on them. f$ Example: B^ft ľ. itn Ex. (D *r/v (2) řve (3) tf L i» Ír-1' (4) A (5) A t/'s: (6) *T (7) SP. a + A B. Answer the questions using the given cues. [£J Example: Q ' ŕ T V — $ /Ui €L fc A"CÍ-*\ A : yr'j-S/Uá^* Lv%A*C-řo Ex. y TV— (1) X- (2) O/* -h 5PH ô (3) Ŕ it L kind beautiful interesting energetic A. Pair Work—Choose the items from the following categories and ask your partners whether they like them. Example: A^ľ'J- í A.ii$ltHf $ X*t$\ BUi\\if$ "CÝ/AU I "C"t« 1. Foods: meat/& o £ -) (fermented beans)/ice cream (T-fX7'J-^) 2. Sports: aerobics (^Tn Ľ7X)/skiing (X^ŕ-)/skating (X$r—F) 3. Music: hard rock (/ — K n >y 7)/jazz (v-^ X)/classical music (^"7^-yi7) 4. School Work: test/Japanese class/homework 5. Drinks: sake/green tea/coffee * If you neither like it nor dislike it, you can use *? ^ "Ü t> ^ £» v^"Cí» h 9 á -tt-X/o B. Answer the following questions. 1. if&ftX*K—*/**#$"?-?•**. ft fe« Ť 3. žfX &«t;&#**# * -Cí*á*0 4. £% &a*® j&«*ř J "C t *»0 5. -čL 5r*3H4*# S» "C-t*»o B ►— S 5Ů"-X/Sil A. Change the following into ^l/ sentences. (3 Example: 0^t§£:f£1~ -» 0 ^t§ Ž ft L Ž L J: "9 1. 9 %\Z%% 2. 3. 4. i- 5. ifcjHtá 6. #o 7. 8. 9. £0 B. Pair Work—Make follow-up suggestions using žls&^Ďti" Example: fl^~ei-;fa0 -* a : ^-ei-fc0 íJHtÄiLn^, b:ýHHj:?„ 1. 4h*"Cl~te0 Ľ*Í ľ. Ľ 3. z<7)ßm±&i^^-fte0 •tí-zL-íŕi > /;AĽ.si [ŕ 6. &L/číiŕx b^&O ítfco ® í£c!:#)(Z)$ÍeÍ (Review Exercises) A. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. 1. Were you busy last week? 2. Were you fine last week? 3. Was your high school big/old? 4. Was your watch expensive? 5. Is your bag new? 6. Is your room small/clean? 7. Is your teacher kind? 5ÍH © B. Class Activity—Show and tell Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, what you did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the trip. Example questions: XA, í- ŤztlZftŽŘ ltzú\ ■V» III ■!■! M.....II1 ■->-■;--■■ - ■ —- . "A r-. ■V JIM JB C. Role Play—Using Dialogue I as a model, buy some stamps and postcards. ► ěf£-£;íí At the Post Office Useful Expressions tiA,l-*> tŕfí z' LWi í. X, &£Wjg-ei-o Cam jozť ŕflÄe care o/ ŕ/m, please? Give me three 50-yen stamps, please. Make this (an airmail), please. How many days ivill it take? It will be 150 yen. Another 100 yen, please. Useful Vocabulary counter lá£*^------------postcard 'Js c2--------------parcel I^SiS------------airmail ^ "J ( ^ l/~Ás í^-fk.---------------insurance lir E9 registered mail *-J Her) V13- — stamp xTn77^ —aerogramme ít#---------------letter ----------surface mail ----------special delivery í < tz'J IP '£ :i ** > DDDDDDG Postcard Stamps Customer: TAá-ČA0 &£*f Ifc^L á 1\ Excuse me. I'd like a reprint, please. Shop clerk : \±\\ pKh^^XhL^^-f^o Certainly. Would the glossy finish be all right? Customer : &\\ Yes. Shop clerk : 3 z i'^Ür^ f M&f ž fc^v% L á to Please fill in your name and telephone number here. Customer: wo-cjt Ř~fů\ When ivill it be ready? Shop clerk : i±X¥ ř) Íá+Ä H O = sf-ü1"0 /ŕ z«7/ be ready at three o'clock oji the 15th. Please bring this receipt. Customer: £>$*■) ŘLtz0 Ľf, iS*v\Lti". All right. Thank you. Shop clerk : feH^Ťr'^^U;„ Thank you very much. Useful Vocabulary Ü ^ í a L---------------reprint íf.1%---------------------development ^feíKŽ) 1---------------glossy finish jfeíKtc L---------------mat finish /ty-?-y------ X74 K------- -7°'J > h---------- L S -panoramic -slide print ^ #- - date/time something is ready "7 -í /P 24-print roll tífe— disposable camera ?l^l^ A it/„ ■negative film battery receipt