► ZÄBÖ " XŽSÄ 1^X3^1 l l S *°N...........................T3^| I7) Ľ J K^i hJ^U *Looking for a Part-time Job iff D i a o g u e o I J John calls the restaurant Little Asia. i /£ -ft T A ftr) 2 V 3 > 3 /£ -ft t/„ ftj:1 4 i-7 3 > 5 £ -ft t L ftii 6 V5 3 > l±V\ r V h^ • Ti/T\ ft. fcft< L t ť (f Lun ; i c ( A í, 144 v j -j 7»tt i í 1 i k 1 '. > tí t -B#-C-t^o b**) í L/čo © H I At the restaurant. I -CA Ä 2 V 3 > 3 « t A ft 4 V 3 > 5 ft ftii ó V 5 > 7 ft ftii I4Ľ íívn0 i^ ĺ < &m^iito tiir © l J Professor Yamashita comes to Little Asia. 2 ^T&íÉi : V3>^,C0 iztľ^qfHt^Utt^ 3 i^3>: x.£o -SWCíBi^t^lfo noltpii'A, A-j *■ litt 4 J.T&íél : Ý i tf^o ťtiu'n^l^X-ffro © Manager: Yes, this is Little Asia. John: My name is John Wang. I saw your classified ad. Manager: I see. Well, shall we meet and have a talk? Can you come to the store today? John: I cannot come today, but if it's tomorrow, I think I can come. Manager: I see. No good today ... All right. How about one o'clock tomorrow? John: One o'clock. OK, I've got it. ® Manager: Mr. Wang, why are you interested in this job? John: It seems interesting. I can meet various people; I can also use Japanese . . . Manager: Have you worked at a restaurant before? John: Yes. As a waiter, I have. Manager: Can you start tomorrow? John: Yes, I promise to do my best. Manager: Yes, I know you'll do your best. 0 John: Welcome. Oh, Professor Yamashita. Prof. Yamashita: John, do you work here? John: Yes. I work three days a week. Prof. Yamashita: I see. Which one is good? John: This curry is the most popular one. Prof. Yamashita: It looks good. Well, I will try this one. 5 v 3 y : 6 J.T&ÍÍL : ►ělS • XSŽJ fc/u pn g ^ V o cab u i a r y Nouns * r> X.-4 9 — waiter & V ^ í /v grandfather; old man &tz< řs% (someone's) house/home fcüfc AA adult **u; < r í^B» foreign language **<> J mH musical instrument *»fe-C £^ karate * ířU- curry n« ♦* kimono; Japanese traditional dress ^-^ cake * d i z < ££ advertisement cHí « tea (black tea) c mí 5 ?fc language all 7 golf ■tr—-?- sweater e-5 & elephant /nM *'J > violin /nM 7 motorbike .iíO*" wm (consumer) prices J: A/U 3 %8k grammar sad Ä' b ^ *^ hot and spicy; salty JVL^ f L^ strict ) * Words that appear in the dialogue %> AHN 1ÔLVN close; near ^-adjectives * tzubita) various; different kinds of happy (lasting happiness) no good (/-verbs *fc Is t» to knit *»1" At to lend; to rent (thing & person lZ) * t*A,l£Z fflk* to do one's best; to try hard 5c < JÄ< to cry ***< ^< to brush (teeth); to polish ^{Ý<žiU fófcž ^a to keep a promise Irregular Verb !&*A,if "5 1" I. Hf#~f ž to be moved/touched (by . . . ) Adverbs and Other Expressions v^bo L^^il" (someone honorable) is present/home ~#H'* ~m ... times ~^o ... kilometers; . . . kilograms U o (á ^ (á as a matter of fact, . . . ■tf/li: £-«P all *~cťtlLÍ"f ~^^Lit my name is . . . * Ih I < j5fc**vait 1U( j5*V*Lit Thank you (in advance). Numbers lused to count days) ^%\Z% — Q one day J,07i> — S two days &-OJ&» = s three days ■fco*» E9H four days V^'0^i A3 five days tľv^* ÄH six days íľíO*» ■ta seven days Í ■?*» A3 eight days C CíOtí» ^s nine days £fcj&» + 0 ten days 10 I ► ŽfS-X&f S ;í Grammar ®fa IS5 Potential Verbs We use the potential verb to say that someone "can," or "has the ability to," do something, or that something is "possible." We make potential verbs using the rules listed below: ru-verbs: Drop the fina -ru and add -rareru %^> (mi-ru) 4 H6tĽ5 (mi-rareru) u-verbs: Drop the final -u and add -eru. ÍŤ< (ik-u) -» firtt« M-eru) -» -» B1±« lift J: -» et rXX3 ^m m.-D ť- ■> Ix§ 5BÔO L, -» as «t -> Set ros -» £0 as* -> as* irregular verbs: <3 ■> ^tjtl-S 1-3 -> r£§ You may note that the potential forms of ra-verbs are considerably longer than those of the w-verbs, which happen to end in the hiragana £ . (Compare Äb^ž and íWt Ž in the above list.) There actually are shorter, alternative potential forms of ra-verbs and the irregular verb < 5 , which are made by adding the suffix -reru, instead of -rareru. These ra-less forms are gaining popularity, but are considered slightly substandard. ru-verbs: i±S-S irregular verb: < ■§ potential forms ■> JSĎtlô alternative potential forms tuns uns Potential verbs themselves conjugate as regular ra-verbs. ht± C IJA r lití / caw speak Japanese. naflN © (The truth is) I cannot swim. W7*? což//í/ not go to the beach, because it rained. The table below summarizes the conjugation pattern of potential verbs. short forms long forms affirmative negative affirmative negative present E6*15 H&n&U nbn^T H6nái^ past EBtlfc Hbtl&frc fc EbtlSUfc IE6ftä;1±Á/CUfc: ře-form Those verbs that take the particle ž can take either ž or #f when they have been made into the potential. "C ^ §, the potential counterpart of the verb i" S, is somewhat special, and takes ú1 almost all the time. (The use of £ with "C 31 -5 is considered highly substandard.) All particles other than £ remain the same when the verb is turned into the potential. verbs with 3E: JIW * iÄ^tfuiAá or «>s Ítí^^-S ■> ttí^TÍ-S (tt^EZľŽS is considered substandard.) verbs with particles other than 3ě: sei* 111 M ü ft § (No particle change involved.) ~u To give the reason for something, we can use the conjunction frt?. (reason) frfcu (situation^ I47í3' aren't you coming to the party? A : & L tz UÄ*** &frt» f B lif&fe Líľ < t * v Wt fc % "C1"c / /«aye /o sŕMŕ&> today, because there will be an exam tomorrow. ► 23CBŮ " X/SA When you want to mention not just one, but two (or more) reasons, you can use L in place of ilb. L usually follows a predicate in the short form. (reason,) La (reasons) Ľ, (situation^ ľ. ISA r -tŕ/.-!ŕi> h£l í: IJ A - Ľ * J\ri ftu t / rgß//v fö&e my Japanese class, because Japanese language is interesting, and our teacher is good. i' t'< t *'* i **íl TA fe lift í/ Yesterday was a great day—a letter came from my family, and I talked with my boyfriend on the phone. Q : mi-WI fcv>-C-t*\. Z)o yow want to go back home? A:vn>£, B^^^jéii^LvNL. vuvfcfc'fc^í L, 'Ä 0 Ťzib*) Ř -tí- ^ t: IIA *ní"5 ft« S t A-x. A^o. LíTe Äere in Japan is good, and I have good friends here. So I don't want to go back. You can use just one L clause, implying that it is not the only reason for the situation. Life in this city is an easygoing one. Things are inexpensive, for one thing. Sometimes the L clauses follow the description of the situation explained. íllŕíiíH' «-A-tí-ľ til Ľii f lA-ti-3 Professor Yamashita is a great teacher. He is good at teaching, and he is kind. Note that L follows the short forms. In present tense sentences, this means that tz appears with ft -adjectives and nouns, but not with ^-adjectives. 1In the very polite speech style, L can also follow the long forms, just like another reading connective frh, which may follow long forms (as we learned in Lesson 6) as well as short forms (see Lesson 9). / will study Japanese next year, too. I like Japan, and what is more, the Japanese language is interesting. iVadjectives: Í5^[y^i\b íf-adjectives: $?££U noun + T^: —«W (It looks like . . . ) We add ý i "CI" to v»- and ft-adjective bases to say that something "seemingly" has those 2 properties. When we say ~ <£■ 7 "C"f, we are guessing what something is like on the basis of our impressions. To form ~ •?■ i "C"f sentences with t ^-adjectives, you drop the final *■ *; with ft-adjectives, you just drop ft. The only exception is with the v>-adjective ^v\ which will be changed to X $ before •?■ ň . Z co 1 ^ Z'l&fc^^L % 7 X"j~o This apple looks delicious. h L Ťz 11%.%^£$_% Ť "C'Ý'o Ä /ooäs föÄre ŕ/ze weather will be fine tomorrow. / T 'J — $ h\±Jt%%: 1 "Ü L /čo /í fooÄ<2í/ &&e Marv was /me. U-adjectives: Í5UUU ■> íjnu^ôzľ-r exception: L^L^ * cfcťľ^oiľ'-r ^-adjectives: TČsí(ft) lí/u £ -> If Aj e You can use ý i X"Ť with negative adjectives too. The negative ending ft*-1* is changed to ft $ before ý -}. i^^Üi L < £ 3 j j "C j-,, u/v t-f*- Tte i(?ooá- í/oes /zo/ /oo/t difficult. ni» z * /Uiř-xau.^ ľ ^ fr g ý j -r-to /ŕ í/oes «oč fooÄ /fe Tonioko is good at tennis. You can use the adjective + Ý1 combination to qualify a noun, ý Ť is a ft-adjective, thus we say ý Ť ft before a noun. 2You can also use ý i "t""t" with a verb stem to describe an imminent event. ffiiíffit) i i "C"i~„ It looks like it will rain. AM .J. The negative of the verb stem + i n "C"ť construction is somewhat irregular, fflsi*!^ >) ý Ť t & "i i-fr/vo /< ť/č>e.s Mor /ooä Me íŕ will rain. S/ze wears a warm-looking sweater. In many ý ť "C"ř sentences, the guesswork is done on the basis of visual impressions. It is wrong, however, to assume that ý i is inalienably linked to the visual medium. We use ý 7 tt when we lack conclusive evidence. (For example, we say an apple is fc v n L ý i before we have had the chance to taste it. Once we have tasted it, we say & v > L v \) With an adjective for which visual evidence is crucial, such as J ;ftv> ft, we do not use £ i and say that something is ^ tv*"< % Ť "C'i~, if it looks pretty; we already have enough evidence to conclude that it is pretty. You can use the re-form of a verb plus the helping verb ä 2> to express the idea of "doing something tentatively," or "trying something." You are not sure what the outcome of your action will be, but do it and see what effect it might have. &****>*»&5:>&*-3fctf>-C, B^Aöo&rcfbi-BävN-c&i tito / d&f ho/ foto«» ŕ/íe kanji, so I tried asking a Japanese friend of mine. Mj friends say that the cake at the shop is good. I will have a piece one of these days (and see if it really lives up to its reputation). ä h comes from the verb JLá, and conjugates as a regular rw-verb. A statement of the form "noun A ft h predicate X" says that the predicate X applies only to A and is not more generally valid. The main ideas of a ft b sentence, in other words, are "limitation" and "contrast." Situation 1 Have you ever been to Brazil? A : MynHftofc: £***>•) ÍŤK 7" 7 v/Káíío & c £á?á> •) Ž-ŕ/to" 7'ae ôee« to Mexico, but never been to Brazil. 3You can optionally keep the particle \z before Ír h in this example. Particles such as I-, "C, and *'b may, but do not have to, intervene between the noun and ft b, while li, ů*, and ž never go with ft b. íl 3PM is Situation 2 Q : B-#.»**k*»Ó Ít*S i: u/„ r Do yow understand Japanese? A : Ü%ä*frfr^fr>M á to J7 zY zs m hiragana, yes. ta h introduces a sentence that says something "positive" about the item that is contrasted. In the first situation above, ta h puts Mexico in a positive light, and in contrast with Brazil, which the question was originally about. In the second situation, a smaller part, namely hiragana, is brought up and contrasted with a larger area, namely, the language as a whole. You can describe the frequency of events over a period of time by using the following framework. (period) L (frequency) (frequency) per (period) ÍAÍá—i§FsI!l-.=.IĚltcžJiíiA,láÍ~o / shampoo three times a week. fclž—frfi t-—^%%k\~-%.%Š %. üWt á "f o J m// my /amí/y owce « month. fcjiL ~ f?o i>-í^-i> *■ í' < T A te $C (i — JE i-^-EJJffiUŤ Ž L á "ý*o My father goes on a trip twice a year. my—s d£$t—^£jjĚji<^The playing of musical instruments requires different u verbs. For stringed and keyboard instruments: 3í9~Žr^< to play the guitar b° T y &#< /o p/03' ŕfte pľ'flMO For wind instruments: to play the saxophone For percussion instruments: F7 A JjŤzŤzi to play the drum Referring to musical instruments in general, ^S and T# l. látt-ř 2. t ž 8. sřa-S 9. «t* 3. v*< 4. ä» 9 i A. Answer the questions using ■—L>~L>. Examine the ideas in the cues and decide whether you want to answer in the affirmative or in the negative. (3 Example: Q : B&lziž.Atz^X"fj)\ u ha t A : (*W**Ä^-C-to £**fc < H^lto) - Alisi («**** 0 Ř to ÄÄ**fc < 3ř /,* 0 Ž to) L It* la*-7M — řCÍf$á"t*»0 ;AIXA 11 (*»Hf žíA^-c^á-to ^^ í>'<—ťm -í-íf^á L fco) í: (I/„ r LAJ-'A J: *-A Ľ I j.%11-5 7. — A-CSItít^-CÍ i*t*% tŕK 1 ►&e*£Si 8. tB^/Cč^? K't^o f < t < it 9. mi^T'<- h tÍVNV\-CÝ^o B. Answer the following questions and add reasons for your answer. Example: Q : B&0)äz3&li$i L V\"Ci*s&\, c ^ t 5. H*»(OÄ*lá*.*-CÍ-*\ A. Describe the following pictures using —?-5.@ Example: 3 <7)Ý L íáfc^ L Ý Ť "C "f fco Ex. i" L (1) ^-3ŕ (2) ÄW- delicious (4) ££ sweet (5) a#l+ spicy (6) U^o/:ttJ:„ t: -i i i i 6. C cd CDíl Í ** o fc *CÍ* X o 7. i^íříiiftíJ-CLfeJ:«, B. Talk about what you want to try in the following places. Example: Q M > K TW L t A fc ^tt^ 1. T7'J* 2. $K% 3. iM 4. -fvi/lV 5. f- o .o o n n^ ^ n o (O o in n o r> n o o mil") 11 B. Pair Work—Look at the pictures in A and ask your partner questions using the patterns below. ' —0 ' 'H® " —an« ► Í- • s a ľ a-a «.fire i /v!: t, -~í1-á> Example: A : B $ /U±—B f-^ial^á I**1« í) í HA A; C. Class Activity—Ask two people how often they do the following things. Add your own questions. Example: go to a barber/beauty parlor -> A:B^!áj:**0$£ Itzfrc fSýsX~$Ř*tÁsX*lň*\ 2. WRtWIiit^o 3. ťZlZftiX&ŕz^^X*Í~-t>\ ťlLX~C"tfra 4. fm<7)*%, wix&tzfr-DtzX'tfro 6. — b t:fW.a f fcv^Sfc L í "T^o uM:% i/i. U A-X, -^/víiŤ 7. — íl K CHIhJ P X h 7 > Kft ý á 1***0 i "j (f-5 -3A- B. Pair Work—Talk about part-time jobs. 1. T)V**&r) Řt*\ 3. if/t-j:T;wxM hTLfcäN, 5. — afflflí^ < h& h^'R Itzfro C. Role Play—One of you is the manager of one of the following organizations, and the other is the student who is looking for a job. (a) Call the organizations and make an appointment for a job interview, as in Dialogue I . (b) Then, discuss experiences and qualifications, etc., as in Dialogue H. '.biLS^i^fô Ti/T- h-7-^/Ľ dt&&T'*—h (f/v J7ry^a7 77' /no —J-#*Ä*f« D. Pair Work—You have made a phone call to a friend, but your friend was not at home. Continue the conversation in the following situations using the additional expressions below. 1. Ask when your friend is coming home and say that you will call again around that time. 2. Leave the message that there is a vocabulary quiz tomorrow in the Japanese class. 3. Leave the message that you can't make it to a party tomorrow. Start the conversation like this: A B A B x h x íĺ ť L á "t**, J: "5 - $ ^i^ ŕ? o L ■*• ^ á t*\ 4\ U^ltt^Ít*fo Additional Expressions: ä Ťz%U Lit« (I will call again.) X ;X^'b «»*** ~?tzZfäX.X 7l^ŕH^^^'ížx.'C < /■£ 3V\, (Please tell her I can't come to the meeting.) &«tf£#^ii 4 7 1-3980 "Cto (My number is 471-3980.) £?>l < ^^Iv^Láto/^^LLŽto {Closing remark) At the Bank Useful Vocabulary ^7^7- X'f- J- >y 7 t t i') i i am- Ol fell IRi- &«- Hff£#Jf----------- í>A,l.tilí/vri Useful Expressions Ä/v 'MW* ž 3L& í - l /č v ^ -t t ít £*0 ~ p&Ufc££&9&.*;fc^,'Cl"**o traveler's check account interest commission bank card passbook savings 100-yen coin amount personal identification number I would like to open an account. I would like to close an account. Please change dollars into yen. I would like to cash this check. I would like to deposit money into the account. I would like to send the money to America. Can you change a 10,000-yen bill into ten 1,000-yen bills? I will withdraw money.